Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under Notices.
This edition of the User Guide applies to the IBM 64-bit SDK for Windows AMD64/EM64T architecture, Java 2 Technology Edition, Version 1.4.2, and to all subsequent releases, modifications, and service refreshes, until otherwise indicated in new editions.
(C) Copyright Sun Microsystems, Inc. 1997, 2003, 901 San Antonio Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. All rights reserved.
(C) Copyright International Business Machines Corporation, 1999, 2007. All rights reserved.
U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights - Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
Read this User Guide if you want to use the SDK to write Sun Microsystems Java(TM) applications and applets or if you want to use the Runtime Environment to run them. The User Guide provides general information about the SDK and specific information about any differences in the IBM(R) implementation of the SDK. Read this User Guide in conjunction with the more extensive documentation on the Sun Web site: http://java.sun.com.
The SDK is supported on Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP 64-Bit Edition, Windows Server 2003 64-bit edition, and Windows Vista. The Windows Vista Aero interface is not supported.
The IBM JVM Diagnostics Guide provides more detailed information about the IBM JVM.
Note that the SDK includes the Runtime Environment for Windows, which enables you only to run Java applications. If you have installed the SDK, the Runtime Environment is included.
The terms "Runtime Environment" and "Java Virtual Machine" are used interchangeably throughout this User Guide.
The SDK is a development environment for writing applets and applications that conform to the Sun Microsystems Java 1.4 Core Application Program Interface (API).
In general, any applet or application that ran with version 1.3.1, 1.4.0, or 1.4.1 of the IBM SDK for Windows, Java 2 Technology Edition, or with IBM Cross Platform Technologies for Windows v 2.0, should run correctly with IBM 64-bit SDK for Windows, v1.4.2. Applets that depend on Java 1.4 APIs do not run on browsers that do not support these APIs .
The IBM 64-bit SDK for Windows, v1.4.2 does not include a Plug-in.
There is no guarantee that 1.4 compiled classes would work on pre-1.4.0 releases.
To read Sun's documentation on compatibility, search for it on the Sun Web site at http://java.sun.com.
The IBM 64-bit SDK for Windows, v1.4.2 does not support the NTLM authentication scheme.
The SDK contains several development tools and a Java Runtime Environment (JRE). This section describes the contents of the SDK tools and the Runtime Environment.
Applications written entirely in Java should have no dependencies on the IBM SDK's directory structure (or files in those directories). Any dependency on the SDK's directory structure (or the files in those directories) could result in application portability problems.
Earlier versions of the IBM JRE shipped with a file called rt.jar in the jre/lib directory. From Java v1.4 onwards, this file has been replaced by multiple JAR files that reside in the jre/lib directory. Examples of these JAR files are:
This change should be completely transparent to the application. If an error is received about a missing rt.jar file in CLASSPATH, this error points to a setting that was used in Java v1.1.8 and was made obsolete in subsequent versions of Java. You can safely remove references to rt.jar in CLASSPATH.
Note: The User Guides and the accompanying license, copyright files, and demo directory are the only documentation that is included in this SDK for Windows. You can view Sun's software documentation by visiting the Sun Web site, or you can download Sun's software documentation package from the Sun Web site: http://java.sun.com.
The following tools are not included in the IBM SDK:
If you are upgrading the SDK from a previous release, back up all the configuration files and security policy files before you go ahead with the upgrade.
After the upgrade, you might have to restore or reconfigure these files because they might have been overwritten during the upgrade process. Check the syntax of the new files before restoring the original files because the format or options for the files might have changed.
The following sections provide information about using the SDK.
To obtain the IBM build and version number, at a command prompt type:
java -version
The Java tools are Windows programs that are run from a command prompt. After installing the SDK software, you run a tool by typing its name at a command prompt with a filename as an argument.
You can specify the path to a tool by typing the path in front of the tool each time. For example, if the javac compiler is in C:\Program Files\IBM\Java142\bin, you can compile a file named myfile.java by typing the following at a command prompt:
C:\Program Files\IBM\Java142\bin\javac myfile.java
Alternatively, you can add the string C:\Program Files\IBM\Java142\bin to your PATH statement. Then, you can compile the myfile.java file by typing the following at a command prompt:
javac myfile.java
The PATH statement enables Windows to find the executable files (such as javac.exe, java.exe, javadoc.exe) from any directory. To find the current value of your PATH, type the following at a command prompt:
path
To change the PATH statement:
Previously opened command prompt windows do not reflect the changes. Close and reopen the command prompt windows to see the changes.
The CLASSPATH tells the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and other JVM applications where to find classes that you develop. If you do not set the CLASSPATH, the default is the current directory (".").
You can set the classpath at runtime by using the option -classpath. For example:
java -classpath <directory> <class>
Where <directory> is the directory where the classes you want to use are located, and <class> is the Java class you want to run. See the IBM 64-bit Runtime Environment for Windows AMD64/EM64T architecture, Java 2 Technology Edition, Version 1.4.2 User Guide for more details.
To set the CLASSPATH to include a particular class of an application, follow this model:
set classpath=C:\java\apps\classes;%classpath%
where [C:\java\apps\classes] is the drive and path to the application and its classes.
To reset the CLASSPATH to null and remove unwanted classes, type the following at a command prompt:
set classpath=
Use the Control Panel to make a permanent change to the CLASSPATH in the same way that you change the PATH. See the section Changing the PATH statement.
You can specify Java options and system properties by creating an environment variable called IBM_JAVA_OPTIONS and setting it to the values you require. Any Java options or system properties specified must be preceded by a space, except for the first option. For example, you could set IBM_JAVA_OPTIONS as follows:
IBM_JAVA_OPTIONS=-Dmysysprop1=tcpip -Dmysysprop2=wait
If you specify the same options or properties from the command line (or from a JNI program), these take precedence over the options and properties specified by the IBM_JAVA_OPTIONS environment variable. The only exception to this rule is when specifying -Xt, -Xtm, or -Xdebug, all of which imply that no JIT should be used.
To debug Java programs, you can use the Java Debugger (JDB) application or other debuggers that communicate by using the Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JPDA) that is provided by the SDK for Windows.
The Java Debugger (JDB) is included in the SDK for Windows. The debugger is invoked by the jdb command; it "attaches" to the JVM using JPDA. To debug a Java application:
java -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y, address=<port number> MyApplication <MyApplication args>
jdb -attach <port number>The debugger will attach to the JVM, and you can now issue a range of commands to examine and control the Java application, for example type "run" to allow the Java application to execute.
To find out more about JDB options, type:
jdb -help
To find out more about JDB commands:
You can also use JDB to debug remote Java applications:
jdb -attach <machine name or ip address>:<port number>
When you launch a debug session using the dt_socket transport, be sure that the specified ports are free to use.
The Java Virtual Machine Debugging Interface (JVMDI) is not supported.
For more information on JDB and JPDA and their usage see the following Web sites:
Valid JNI version numbers that native programs can specify on the JNI_CreateJavaVM() API call are:
This version number determines only the level of the JNI native interface to use. The actual level of the JVM that is created is specified by the J2SE libraries (that is, v1.4.2). The JNI interface API does not affect the language specification that is implemented by the JVM, the class library APIs, or any other area of JVM behavior. For further information see http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/guide/jni.
Use the com.ibm.vm.bitmode system property to determine if you're running with a 32- or 64-bit JVM. An application that has two JNI libraries, one built for 32-bit and the other for 64-bit, can use this system property to operate with both 32- and 64-bit JVMs. At runtime the Java code can select which library to load based on the value of com.ibm.vm.bitmode.
With the Applet Viewer, you can run one or more applets that are called by reference in a Web page (HTML file) by using the APPLET tag. The Applet Viewer finds the APPLET tags in the HTML file and runs the applets, in separate windows, as specified by the tags.
Because the Applet Viewer is for viewing applets, it cannot display a whole Web page that contains many HTML tags. It parses only the APPLET tags and no other HTML on the Web page.
To run an applet with the Applet Viewer, type the following at a command prompt:
appletviewer name
where name is one of the following:
For example, to invoke the Applet Viewer on an HTML file that calls an applet, type at a command prompt:
bin\appletviewer demo\GraphLayout\example1.html
where bin is replaced by the full path to the Developer Kit's bin directory.
For example, http://java.sun.com/applets/NervousText/example1.html is the URL of a Web page that calls an applet. To invoke the Applet Viewer on this Web page, type at a shell prompt:
bin\appletviewer http://java.sun.com/applets/NervousText/example1.html
where bin is replaced by the absolute path to the Developer Kit's bin directory.
The Applet Viewer does not recognize the charset option of the <META> tag. If the file that appletviewer loads is not encoded as the system default, an I/O exception might occur. To avoid the exception, use the -encoding option when you run appletviewer. For example:
appletviewer -encoding JISAutoDetect sample.html
You can debug applets by using the -debug option of the Applet Viewer. When debugging applets, you are advised to invoke the Applet Viewer from the directory that contains the HTML file that calls the applet. For example:
cd demo\TicTacToe bin\appletviewer -debug example1.html
You can find documentation about how to debug applets using the Applet Viewer at the Sun Web site: http://java.sun.com.
The Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE) supports, at a minimum, the specifications that are defined in the Official Specifications for CORBA support in J2SE V1.4 at http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CORBA/doc-files/compliance.html. In some cases, the IBM J2SE ORB supports more recent versions of the specifications.
This SDK supports all versions of GIOP, as defined by chapters 13 and 15 of the CORBA 2.3.1 specification, OMG document formal/99-10-07, which you can obtain from:
http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07
Bidirectional GIOP is not supported.
This SDK supports Portable Interceptors, as defined by the OMG in the document ptc/01-03-04, which you can obtain from:
http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ptc/01-09-58
Portable Interceptors are hooks into the ORB through which ORB services can intercept the normal flow of execution of the ORB.
This SDK supports the Interoperable Naming Service, as defined by the OMG in the document ptc/00-08-07, which you can obtain from:
http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ptc/00-08-07
The default port that is used by the Transient Name Server (the tnameserv command), when no ORBInitialPort parameter is given, has changed from 900 to 2809, which is the port number that is registered with the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) for a CORBA Naming Service. Programs that depend on this default might have to be updated to work with this version.
The initial context that is returned from the Transient Name Server is now an org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextExt. Existing programs that narrow the reference to a context org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContext still work, and do not need to be recompiled.
The ORB supports the -ORBInitRef and -ORBDefaultInitRef parameters that are defined by the Interoperable Naming Service specification, and the ORB::string_to_object operation now supports the ObjectURL string formats (corbaloc: and corbaname:) that are defined by the Interoperable Naming Service specification.
The OMG specifies a method ORB::register_initial_reference to register a service with the Interoperable Naming Service. However, this method is not available in the Sun Java Core API at Version 1.4.2. Programs that need to register a service in the current version must invoke this method on the IBM internal ORB implementation class. For example, to register a service "MyService":
((com.ibm.CORBA.iiop.ORB)orb).register_initial_reference("MyService", serviceRef);
where orb is an instance of org.omg.CORBA.ORB, which is returned from ORB.init(), and serviceRef is a CORBA Object, which is connected to the ORB.This mechanism is an interim one, and is not compatible with future versions or portable to non-IBM ORBs.
A runtime debug feature provides improved serviceability. You might find it useful for problem diagnosis or it might be requested by IBM service personnel. Tracing is controlled by three system properties.
For example, to trace events and formatted GIOP messages, type:
java -Dcom.ibm.CORBA.Debug=true -Dcom.ibm.CORBA.CommTrace=true myapp
Do not turn on tracing for normal operation, because it might cause performance degradation. Even if you have switched off tracing, FFDC (First Failure Data Capture) is still working, so that only serious errors are reported. If a debug output file is generated, examine it to check on the problem. For example, the server might have stopped without performing an ORB.shutdown().
The content and format of the trace output might vary from version to version.
The following properties help you to tune the ORB:
For example, to set the fragment size to 4096 bytes:
java -Dcom.ibm.CORBA.FragmentSize=4096 myapp
The default fragment size is 1024 bytes. You can turn off fragmentation by setting the fragment size to 0.
java -Dcom.ibm.CORBA.RequestTimeout=30 -Dcom.ibm.CORBA.LocateRequestTimeout=30 myapp
By default, the ORB waits indefinitely for a response. Do not set the timeout too low, or connections might be ended unnecessarily.
For example, to make the ORB use port 1050, type:
java -Dcom.ibm.CORBA.ListenerPort=1050 myapp
If this property is set, the ORB starts listening as soon as it is initialized. Otherwise, it starts listening only when required.
When running with a Java 2 SecurityManager, invocation of some methods in the CORBA API classes might cause permission checks to be made, which might result in a SecurityException. Affected methods include the following:
Class/Interface | Method | Required permission |
---|---|---|
org.omg.CORBA.ORB |
init |
java.net.SocketPermission resolve |
org.omg.CORBA.ORB |
connect |
java.net.SocketPermission listen |
org.omg.CORBA.ORB |
resolve_initial_references |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
org.omg.CORBA. portable.ObjectImpl |
_is_a |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
org.omg.CORBA. portable.ObjectImpl |
_non_existent |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
org.omg.CORBA. portable.ObjectImpl |
OutputStream _request (String, boolean) |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
org.omg.CORBA. portable.ObjectImpl |
_get_interface_def |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
org.omg.CORBA. Request |
invoke |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
org.omg.CORBA. Request |
send_deferred |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
org.omg.CORBA. Request |
send_oneway |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
javax.rmi. PortableRemoteObject |
narrow |
java.net.SocketPermission connect |
If your program uses any of these methods, ensure that it is granted the necessary permissions.
The ORB implementation classes in this release are:
These are the default values, and you are advised not to set these properties or refer to the implementation classes directly. For portability, make references only to the CORBA API classes, and not to the implementation. These values might be changed in future releases.
Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) provides a simple mechanism to do distributed Java programming. RMI over IIOP (RMI-IIOP) uses the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP protocol) to extend the base Java RMI to perform communication. This allows direct interaction with any other CORBA Object Request Brokers (ORBs), whether they were implemented in Java or another programming language.
The following documentation is available:
Thread pooling for RMI Connection Handlers is not enabled by default.
To enable the connection pooling implemented at the RMI TCPTransport level, set the option
-Dsun.rmi.transport.tcp.connectionPool=true (or any non-null value)
This version of the Runtime Environment does not have any setting that you can use to limit the number of threads in the connection pool.
For more information, see the Sun Java site: http://java.sun.com.
From Service Refresh 8, the following new locale is added: Serbia (SE), with these three new locale variations:
The existing locale variations for the former Serbia and Montenegro are maintained as before. The 3-letter country code SRB, corresponding to the 2-letter country code RC, is also added.
The SDK includes an enhanced BigDecimal class (com.ibm.math.BigDecimal) for Java programming. It is provided (with its supporting class MathContext) as an alternative to the java.math.BigDecimal class.
The java.math.BigDecimal class provides a minimal, fixed-point, decimal arithmetic capability only. The com.ibm.math.BigDecimal class adds:
The com.ibm.math.BigDecimal class uses significantly fewer resources for common operations than the java.math.BigDecimal class.
The com.ibm.math.BigDecimal class is compatible with java.math.BigDecimal, and supports all of its methods. To use the com.ibm.math.BigDecimal class, change the import statement at the top of your .java file: import java.math,*; to import com.ibm.math.*;.
For more information see http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/bigdecimal.
The IBM SDK includes enhanced BiDirectional support. For more information, see http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/bidirectional/index.html.
The IBM SDK sets the Euro as the default currency for those countries in the European Monetary Union (EMU) for dates on or after 1 January, 2002.
To use the old national currency, specify -Duser.variant=PREEURO on the Java command line.
If you are running the UK, Danish, or Swedish locales and want to use the Euro, specify -Duser.variant=EURO on the Java command line.
In V1.4.2 SR6, the default for the Slovenian locale is set to the Euro. If you install SR6 before 1 January 2007, you might want to change the currency to the Tolar.
The IBM SDK contains the XSLT4J 2.6 processor and the XML4J 4.3 parser that conform to the JAXP 1.2 specification. These tools allow you to parse and transform XML documents independently from any given XML processing implementation. By using "Factory Finders" to locate the SAXParserFactory, DocumentBuilderFactory and TransformerFactory implementations, your application can swap between different implementations without having to change any code.
The XSLT4J 2.6 processor allows you to choose between the original XSLT Interpretive processor or the new XSLT Compiling processor. The Interpretive processor is designed for tooling and debugging environments and supports the XSLT extension functions that are not supported by the XSLT Compiling processor. The XSLT Compiling processor is designed for high performance runtime environments; it generates a transformation engine, or translet, from an XSL stylesheet. This approach separates the interpretation of stylesheet instructions from their runtime application to XML data.
The XSLT Interpretive processor is the default processor. To select the XSLT Compiling processor you can:
To implement properties in the jaxp.properties file, copy jaxp.properties.sample to jaxp.properties in C:\Program Files\IBM\Java142\jre\lib. This file also contains full details about the procedure used to determine which implementations to use for the TransformerFactory, SAXParserFactory, and the DocumentBuilderFactory.
To improve the performance when you transform a StreamSource object with the XSLT Compiling processor, specify the com.ibm.xslt4j.b2b2dtm.XSLTCB2BDTMManager class as the provider of the service org.apache.xalan.xsltc.dom.XSLTCDTMManager. To determine the service provider, try each step until you find org.apache.xalan.xsltc.dom.XSLTCDTMManager:
The XSLT Compiling processor detects the service provider for the org.apache.xalan.xsltc.dom.XSLTCDTMManager service when a javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory object is created. Any javax.xml.transform.Transformer or javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler objects that are created by using that TransformerFactory object will use the same service provider. You can only change service providers by modifying one of the settings described above and then creating a new TransformerFactory object.
If you are using an older version of Tomcat, this limitation might apply.
If you are using an older version of Xerces or Xalan in the endorsed override, you might get a null pointer exception when you launch your application. This exception occurs because these older versions do not handle the jaxp.properties file correctly.
To avoid this situation, use one of the following workarounds:
set IBM_JAVA_OPTIONS=-Djavax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory= org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserFactoryImplor
set IBM_JAVA_OPTIONS=-Djavax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory= org.apache.xerces.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImplor
set IBM_JAVA_OPTIONS=-Djavax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory= org.apache.xalan.processor.TransformerFactoryImpl
A Java application, unlike a Java applet, cannot rely on a Web browser for installation and runtime services. When you ship a Java application, your software package probably consists of the following parts:
To run your application, a user needs the Runtime Environment for Windows. The SDK for Windows software contains a Runtime Environment. However, you cannot assume that your users have the SDK for Windows software installed.
Your SDK for Windows software license does not allow you to redistribute any of the SDK's files with your application. You should ensure that a licensed version of the SDK for Windows is installed on the target machine.
If you are entitled to services for the Program code pursuant to the IBM Solutions Developer Program, contact the IBM Solutions Developer Program through your normal method of access or on the Web at: http://www-1.ibm.com/partnerworld/.
If you have purchased a service contract (that is, IBM's Personal Systems Support Line or equivalent service by country), the terms and conditions of that service contract determine what services, if any, you are entitled to receive with respect to the Program.
The User Guides that are supplied with this SDK and the Runtime Environment have been tested by using screen readers. You can use a screen reader such as the Home Page Reader or the JAWS screen reader with these User Guides.
To change the font sizes in the User Guides, use the function that is supplied with your browser, usually found under the View menu option.
For users who require keyboard navigation, a description of useful keystrokes for Swing applications is in "Swing Component Keystroke Assignments" at http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/docs/api/javax/swing/doc-files/Key-Index.html
The iKeyman tool has a GUI only; however, the IBM 64-bit SDK for Windows, v1.4.2 provides the command-line tool IKEYCMD, which has the same functions that iKeyman has. IKEYCMD allows you to manage keys, certificates, and certificate requests. You can call IKEYCMD from native shell scripts and from programs that are to be used when applications need to add custom interfaces to certificate and key management tasks. IKEYCMD can create key database files for all the types that iKeyman currently supports. IKEYCMD can also create certificate requests, import CA signed certificates, and manage self-signed certificates.
To run an IKEYCMD command, enter:
java [-Dikeycmd.properties=<properties file>]com.ibm.gsk.ikeyman.ikeycmd <object><action>[options]
where:
For more information, see the iKeyman User Guide at: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/security/142/ikmuserguide.pdf.
If you have a Swing JMenu that has more entries than can be displayed on the screen, you can navigate through the menu items by using the down or up arrow keys or the keyboard arrows.
If you traverse the drop-down list of a JComboBox component with the cursor keys, the button or editable field of the combo box does not change value until an item is selected. This is the desired behavior for this release and improves accessibility and usability by ensuring that the keyboard traversal behavior is consistent with mouse traversal behavior.
To enable JConsole to run on Windows with the Windows look and feel, JConsole needs to be launched with the following command line:
java -Dswing.defaultlaf=com.sun.java.swing.plaf.windows.WindowsLookAndFeel JConsole
This will enable the High Contrast color schemes available in windows to be adopted by JConsole.
You can obtain JCE unrestricted jurisdiction files from http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/security/index.html. Documentation about the IBM security packages JCE, JSSE, and JGSS will also be made available at this Web site.
Note these limitations in the IBM 64-bit SDK for Windows, v1.4.2:
The Node memory interleaving BIOS setting must be set to DISABLED. Otherwise, unpredictable results might occur, including Java crashes and hangs. This instruction is in accord with AMD's recommendation.
The IBM 64-bit SDK for Windows, v1.4.2 supports IPv6. However, because the current IPv6 support in Windows is not dual-stack, IPv6 support is disabled by default. The default value of the java.net.preferIPv4Stack system property has been changed from false to true. To enable IPv6 support, set the system property java.net.preferIPv4Stack to false. If IPv6 support is enabled, dual-stack behavior is emulated, but your Java application might use up to twice as many sockets because of the nature of the emulation.
If you see this exception, you can set the system property java.nio.debug=pipe to see which port numbers are being blocked.
If you have any comments about the usefulness, or otherwise, of this User Guide, we would be pleased to hear from you through one of these channels. Please note that these channels are not set up to answer technical queries, but are for comments about the documentation only. Send your comments:
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