A
abstract schema
Part of the deployment descriptor for an entity bean that
is used to define the bean's relationships, persistent fields, or
query statements.
abstract test
A component or unit test that is used to test Java interfaces,
abstract classes, and superclasses; that cannot be run on its own;
and that does not include a test suite. See also
component
test.
abstract type
A type that can never be instantiated and whose members
are exposed only in instances of concrete types that are derived from
it.
Abstract Window Toolkit
In Java programming, a collection of GUI components that
were implemented using native-platform versions of the components.
These components provide that subset of functionality which is common
to all operating system environments. (Sun) See also
Swing Set,
Standard
Widget Toolkit.
access bean
An enterprise bean wrapper that is typically used by client
programs, such as JSP files and servlets. Access beans hide the complexity
of using enterprise beans and improve the performance of reading and
writing multiple EJB properties.
access client
A component that acts as an intermediary between collaborations
and an external process such as a Web server. The access client communicates
with InterChange Server through Server Access Interface.
access control
In computer security, the process of ensuring that users
can access only those resources of a computer system for which they
are authorized.
access control list
In computer security, a list associated with an object that
identifies all the subjects that can access the object and their access
rights.
access ID
The unique identification of a user used during authorization
to determine if access is permitted to the resource.
access intent
Metadata that optimizes and controls the runtime behavior
of an entity bean with respect to concurrency control, resource management,
and database access strategies.
access intent policy
A grouping of access intents that governs a type of data
access pattern for enterprise bean persistence.
accessor
In computer security, an object that uses a resource. Users
and groups are accessors.
access point group
A collection of core groups that defines the set of core
groups in the same cell or in different cells that communicate with
each other.
access request
A request from an access client to InterChange Server.
access response
Response returned from a component in InterChange Server
to an access request.
ACID transaction
A transaction involving multiple resource managers using
the two-phase commit process to ensure atomic, consistent, isolated,
and durable (ACID) properties.
action
1. A single step that specifies a unit of work in a collaboration
business process.
See also
action node,
activity,
code fragment,
collaboration template.
2. A series of processing
steps, such as document validation and transformation.
3. In
a business rule, the event that results from the evaluation of the
condition.
4. An activity that is run on a transition.
5.
A business process that is generated in response to the processing
of an event.
Action class
In Struts, the superclass of all action classes.
action mapping
A Struts configuration file entry that associates an action
name with an Action class, a form bean, and a local forward.
action node
A unit of work within an activity diagram of a collaboration
template. Every action node has an associated Java code fragment that
defines the actions in the unit of work. Within an activity diagram
in Process Designer, an action node is represented by a rounded rectangle
symbol. See also
action,
code fragment.
action object
An abstraction of the fields in the action definition.
action packet
The set of data that is passed in an action from the event
processing server (runtime server) to an external system using the
technology connectors. See also
connector packet,
event packet.
action service
A service that triggers a process or notification to inform
users about a situation.
action service handler
An entity that is responsible for the invocation mechanism
of one or more action services.
action set
In Eclipse, a group of commands that a perspective contributes
to the main toolbar and menu bar.
activation
In Java, the process of transferring an enterprise bean
from secondary storage to memory. (Sun) See also
passivation.
activation condition
A Boolean expression in a node within a business process
that specifies when processing is to begin.
active working set
The logical collection of application projects that is currently
displayed in the Broker Application Development perspective. See also
working set.
activity
1. A unit of work or a building block that performs a
specific, discrete programmatic task.
See also
task.
2.
A set of steps that perform a portion of a scenario.
See also
action,
activity diagram,
scenario.
3. An element of a process, such
as a task, a subprocess, a loop, or a decision. Activities are represented
as nodes in process diagrams.
Activity Decision Flow
The format in which models are exported from WebSphere Business
Integration Workbench into WebSphere Business Modeler.
activity diagram
A graphical implementation of an activity, including actions,
execution flow, and external calls. An activity diagram contains symbols
that specify the steps, the order of the steps, and the logic that
determines how they execute. See also
activity.
adapter
1. A set of software modules that communicate with an
integration broker and with applications or technologies to perform
tasks such as executing application logic and exchanging data.
2.
An intermediary software component that allows two other software
components to communicate with one another.
Address Resolution Protocol
A protocol that dynamically maps an IP address to a network
adapter address in a local area network.
administrative agent
A program that provides administrative support without requiring
a direct connection to a database.
administrator
A person responsible for administrative tasks such as access
authorization and content management. Administrators can also grant
levels of authority to users.
Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
An implementation of the SNA LU 6.2 protocol that allows
interconnected systems to communicate and share the processing of
programs.
after-image
A business object that contains all of an entity's data
after changes have been made to it during an update operation. An
after-image contains the complete business object rather than only
the primary key and those elements that were changed. See also
delta business object.
agent
A program that performs an action on behalf of a user or
other program without user intervention or on a regular schedule,
and reports the results back to the user or program.
aggregate metric
A metric that is calculated by finding the average, maximum,
minimum, sum, or number of occurrences of an instance metric across
multiple runs of a process. Examples of aggregate metrics are an average
order amount, a maximum order amount, a minimum order amount, the
total order amount, or the number of occurrences of $500 for an order
amount.
aggregation
The structured collection of data objects for subsequent
presentation within a portal.
alarm listener
A type of asynchronous bean that is called when a high-speed
transient alarm expires.
alert
A message or other indication that signals an event or an
impending event.
algorithm mapping
A process by which service providers can define the mapping
of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) algorithms to cryptographic algorithms
that are used for XML digital signature and XML encryption.
alias
An assumed or actual association between two data entities,
or between a data entity and a pointer.
annotate
To add metadata to an object to describe services and data.
annotation
An added descriptive comment or explanatory note.
API content model
A model that describes how XML documents, and their extended
metadata, are represented.
applet
A program that performs a specific task and is usually portable
between operating systems. Often written in Java, applets can be downloaded
from the Internet and run in a Web browser.
applet client
A client that runs within a browser-based Java runtime environment,
and is capable of interacting with enterprise beans directly instead
of indirectly through a servlet.
application
One or more computer programs or software components that
provide a function in direct support of a specific business process
or processes.
application assembly
The process of creating an enterprise archive (EAR) file
containing all the files related to an application as well as an Extensible
Markup Language (XML) deployment descriptor for the application.
application client
In Java EE, a first-tier client component that runs in its
own Java virtual machine. Application clients have access to some
Java EE platform APIs, for example JNDI, JDBC, RMI-IIOP, and JMS.
(Sun)
application client module
A Java archive (JAR) file that contains a client that accesses
a Java application. The Java application runs inside a client container
and can connect to remote or client-side Java EE resources.
Application Client project
A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain
a first-tier client component that runs in its own Java virtual machine.
application delivery notification
A delivery notification that is passed to an application.
Typically, an application delivery notification is based on a network
delivery notification, for example a FileAct delivery notification,
but has been modified in some way by the service that exchanges data
directly with the application. See also
FileAct
delivery notification.
application edition
A unique deployment of a particular application. Multiple
editions of the same application have the same application name, while
edition names are unique.
application edition manager
An autonomic manager that manages interruption-free production
application deployments.
application entity
A logical grouping of application data into a unit with
a discrete function, such as a case, contract, contact, or item. An
application data entity is an application's way of organizing data
in database tables into units or objects that correspond to business
functions.
application event
An operation that modifies an application entity and is
of interest to the WebSphere business integration system. See also
event,
event detection.
application infrastructure virtualization
The pool of application server resources that separates
applications from the physical infrastructure on which they run. As
a result, workload can be dynamically placed and migrated across the
application server pool.
application LT
A logical terminal (LT) that is used by one or more applications,
but that is not used for LT sessions.
Application Messaging Interface
application placement controller
An autonomic manager that can start and stop application
instances on servers to meet the fluctuating demand of work requests
and varying service policy definitions.
application program
A complete, self-contained program, such as a text editor
or a Web browser, that performs a specific task for the user, in contrast
to system software, such as the operating system kernel, server processes,
and program libraries.
application programming interface
An interface that allows an application program that is
written in a high-level language to use specific data or functions
of the operating system or another program.
Application Response Measurement
An application programming interface (API), developed by
a group of technology vendors, that can be used to monitor the availability
and performance of business transactions within and across diverse
applications and systems.
Application Response Measurement agent
An agent that monitors software that is implemented using
the Application Response Measurement standard.
application server
A server program in a distributed network that provides
the execution environment for an application program.
application-specific business object
A business object whose attributes represent an entity in
an application's data model. Such a business object usually contains
attributes that correspond to the fields of the application entity,
and contains application-specific metadata, which gives the connector
information on how to process the business object and its attributes.
See also
metadata,
generic
business object.
application-specific component
The component of a connector that contains code tailored
to a particular application or technology. The application-specific
component can respond to requests and implement an event-notification
mechanism that detects and responds to events initiated by an application
or external programmatic entity.
application-specific information
Part of the metadata of a business object that enables the
connector to interact with its application (for example, Ariba Buyer)
or a data source (for example, a Web servlet). See also
metadata.
application virtualization
The separation of an application from the underlying operating
environment, which improves portability, compatability, and managability
of the application.
archive table
A table created in an application to store information about
a processed event. This table is created as part of the installation
and configuration of a connector. Not all connectors use an archive
table.
artifact
An entity that is used or produced by a software development
process. Examples of artifacts are models, source files, scripts,
and binary executable files.
aspect-oriented connectivity
A form of connectivity that implements or enforces cross-cutting
aspects in service-oriented architecture (SOA), such as security,
management, logging, and auditing, by removing such aspects from the
concern of the service requesters and providers.
assertion
1. A logical expression specifying a program state that
must exist or a set of conditions that program variables must satisfy
at a particular point during program execution.
2. A capability
or requirement that represent a domain specific concept. Assertions
fall into the following categories: performance, reliability, interoperability,
security, and manageability.
asset
A collection of artifacts that provide a solution to a specific
business problem. Assets can have relationships and variability or
extension points to other assets.
asset tree
The hierarchical list of assets that can be viewed and configured.
assisted life-cycle server
A representation of a server that is created outside of
the administrative domain but can be managed in the administrative
console.
assistive technology
Hardware or software that is used to increase, maintain,
or assist the functional capabilities of people with disabilities.
association
1. For XML documents, the linkage of the document itself
to the rules that govern its structure, which might be defined by
a Document Type Definition (DTD) or an XML schema.
2. In enterprise
beans, a relationship that exists between two container-managed persistence
(CMP) entity beans. There are two types of association: one-to-one
and one-to-many.
asynchronous
Pertaining to events that are not synchronized in time or
do not occur in regular or predictable time intervals.
asynchronous bean
A Java object or an enterprise bean that a Java Platform,
Enterprise Edition (Java EE) application can run asynchronously.
asynchronous messaging
A method of communication between programs in which a program
places a message on a message queue, then proceeds with its own processing
without waiting for a reply to its message.
attribute
1. A characteristic or trait of an entity that describes
the entity; for example, the telephone number of an employee is one
of that employee's attributes.
2. A property, quality, or characteristic
whose value contributes to the specification of an element or program
function. For example, "cost" or "location" are attributes that can
be assigned to a resource.
See also
array
attribute,
simple attribute,
single-cardinality attribute.
3. In markup
languages such as SGML, XML, and HTML, a name-value pair within a
tagged element that modifies features of the element.
attribute group
A set of attributes that can appear in a complex type.
attribute list
A linked list that contains extended information that is
used to make authorization decisions. Attribute lists consist of a
set of name = value pairs.
augment
To convert a profile to another kind of profile. For example,
you can modify a server profile to become a bus profile.
authenticated user
A portal user who has logged in to the portal with a valid
account (user ID and password). Authenticated users have access to
all public places. See also
anonymous user,
registered user.
authentication
A security service that provides proof that a user of a
computer system is genuinely who that person claims to be. Common
mechanisms for implementing this service are passwords and digital
signatures. Authentication is distinct from authorization; authentication
is not concerned with granting or denying access to system resources.
authentication alias
An alias that authorizes access to resource adapters and
data sources. An authentication alias contains authentication data,
including a user ID and password.
authenticator key
A set of alphanumeric characters used for the authentication
of a message sent via the SWIFT network.
authorisation
A document that authorizes one destination to send FIN messages
to or receive FIN messages from another destination.
authorization
1. In computer security, the right granted to a user
to communicate with or make use of a computer system.
2. The
process of granting a user, system, or process either complete or
restricted access to an object, resource, or function.
authorization policy
A policy whose policy target is a business service and whose
contract contains one or more assertions that grant permission to
run a channel action.
authorization table
A table that contains the role to user or group mapping
information that identifies the permitted access of a client to a
particular resource.
authorized program analysis report
A request for correction of a defect in a supported release
of an IBM-supplied program.
autodiscovery
The discovery of service artifacts in a file system, external
registry, or another source.
automatic application installation project
A monitored directory to which the addition of a fully composed
EAR, WAR, EJB JAR, or stand-alone RAR file triggers automatic deployment
and publication to a target server. Deletion of an EAR or Java EE
module file from this directory triggers automatic uninstalling. See
also
monitored directory.
automatic restart management
The facilities that detect failures and manage server restarts.
automatic restart manager
A z/OS recovery function that can automatically restart
batch jobs and started tasks after they or the system on which they
are running end unexpectedly.
automatic transition
A transition that occurs on completion of the activity within
the originating state.
autonomic manager
A set of software or hardware components, configured by
policies, which manage the behavior of other software or hardware
components as a human might manage them. An autonomic manager includes
a control loop that consists of monitor, analyze, plan, and execute
components. See also
manageability interface.
autonomic request flow manager
An autonomic manager that controls request prioritization
in the on-demand router.
availability
The time periods during which a resource is accessible.
For example, a contractor might have an availability of 9 AM to 5
PM every weekday, and 9 AM to 3 PM on Saturdays.
Axis
An implementation of SOAP on which Java Web services can
be implemented.
B
bank identifier code
A code used to uniquely identify a bank, logical terminal,
or branch within a SWIFT network.
base configuration
The part of a storage management subsystem (SMS) configuration
that contains general storage management attributes, such as the default
management class, default unit, and default device geometry. It also
identifies the systems, system groups, or both the systems and system
groups that an SMS configuration manages.
basic analysis
A type of analysis that displays a report for the values
of one or more business measures during a specific period of time.
basic authentication
An authentication method that uses a user name and a password.
basic type
A type whose values have no identity (that is, they are
pure values). Basic types include Integer, Boolean, and Text.
bean class
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a Java class
that implements a javax.ejb.EntityBean class or javax.ejb.SessionBean
class.
bean-managed messaging
A function of asynchronous messaging that gives an enterprise
bean complete control over the messaging infrastructure.
bean-managed persistence
The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's
variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean. (Sun)
See also
container-managed persistence.
bean-managed transaction
The capability of the session bean, servlet, or application
client component to manage its own transactions directly, instead
of through a container.
Bean Scripting Framework
An architecture for incorporating scripting language functions
to Java applications.
bend point
A point that is introduced in a connection between two message
flow nodes at which the line that represents the connection changes
direction. A bend point can be used to make node alignment and processing
logic clearer and more effectively displayed.
bidirectional
Pertaining to scripts such as Arabic and Hebrew that generally
run from right to left, except for numbers, which run from left to
right.
binary format
Representation of a decimal value in which each field must
be 2 or 4 bytes long. The sign (+ or -) is in the far left bit of
the field, and the number value is in the remaining bits of the field.
Positive numbers have a 0 in the sign bit and are in true form. Negative
numbers have a 1 in the sign bit and are in twos complement form.
binary large object
A block of bytes of data (for example, the body of a message)
that has no discernible meaning, but is treated as one solid entity
that cannot be interpreted.
bind
To establish a connection between software components on
a network using an agreed-to protocol. In Web services, the bind operation
occurs when the service requestor invokes or initiates an interaction
with the service at run time using the binding details in the service
description to locate, contact, and invoke the service.
binding
1. A temporary association between a client and both
an object and a server that exports an interface to the object. A
binding is meaningful only to the program that sets it and is represented
by a bound handle.
2. The process of attaching a collaboration
object to a port, which is a variable that represents a business object.
See
also
business object,
collaboration object,
port.
BLOB parser
A program that interprets a message that belongs to the
BLOB domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream
on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output.
block decryption
Symmetric algorithms that decrypt a block of data at one
time.
block encryption
Symmetric algorithms that encrypt a block of data at one
time.
bookmark
A customizable, graphical link to databases, views, documents,
Web pages, and newsgroups.
bootstrap
A small program that loads larger programs during system
initialization.
bootstrap authorisation
An authorization that has been recorded but not yet processed
by an relationship management application (RMA).
bootstrap member
An application server or cluster that is configured to accept
application initialization requests into the service integration bus.
The bootstrap member authenticates the request and directs the connection
request to a bus member.
bootstrap period
The period during which relationship management (RM) data
is recorded and converted into authorization records.
bootstrapping
The process by which an initial reference of the naming
service is obtained. The bootstrap setting and the host name form
the initial context for Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)
references.
bootstrap process
A process for recording data when sending and receiving
FIN messages and using this data to create authorization records.
This helps SWIFTNet users to prepare for the time when the BK records
used by FIN protocol versions 01 and 02 are replaced by the authorizations
used by FIN protocol version 03.
bottleneck
A place in the system where contention for a resource is
affecting performance.
bottom-up development
In Web services, the process of developing a service from
an existing artifact such as a Java bean or enterprise bean rather
than a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) file. See also
top-down development.
bottom-up mapping
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an approach for
mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which the schema is
first imported from an existing database and then enterprise beans
and mappings are generated.
branch
1. In the CVS team development environment, a separate
line of development where changes can be isolated. When a programmer
changes files on a branch, those changes do not appear on the main
trunk or other branches.
2. In process modeling, a distinct
path leading to or originating from an element in a process model.
breadcrumb trail
A navigation technique used in a user interface to give
users a way to keep track of their location within the program or
documents.
breakpoint
A marked point in a process or programmatic flow that causes
that flow to pause when the point is reached, usually to allow debugging
or monitoring.
bridge interface
A node and a server that run a core group bridge service.
broker
A set of execution processes that host one or more message
flows. See also
message flow.
broker archive
A file that is the unit of deployment to the broker that
can contain any number of compiled message flow and message set files
and a single deployment descriptor. A separate broker archive file
is required for each configuration that is deployed.
broker archive file
The unit of deployment to the broker. It contains any number
of compiled message flows (.cmf), message sets (.dictionary), and
a single deployment descriptor. It can also contain any additional
files that you might need, provided that the extension does not overlap
the .cmf and .dictionary extensions.
broker domain
A collection of brokers that share a common configuration,
together with the Configuration Manager that controls them.
broker schema
A symbol space that defines the scope of uniqueness of the
names of resources defined within it. The resources are message flows,
ESQL files, and mapping files.
brute force collision
A programming style that relies on computing power to try
all the possibilities with a known hash until the solution is found.
bucket
One or more fields that accumulate the result of an operation.
build
To create or modify resources, usually based on the state
of other resources. A Java builder converts Java source files into
executable class files, for example, and a Web link builder updates
links to files whose name or location has changed.
build definition file
An XML file that identifies components and characteristics
for a customized installation package (CIP).
build path
The path that is used during compilation of Java source
code, in order to find referenced classes that reside in other projects.
build plan
An XML file that defines the processing necessary to build
generation outputs and that specifies the machine where processing
takes place.
build time data
Objects that are not used by the translator, such as EDI
standards, record oriented data document types, and maps.
built-in node
A message flow node that is supplied by the product. Some
of the supplied nodes provide basic processing such as input and output.
bulk resource
A resource that is taken in quantity from a pool of generic
resources. For example, a task might require 10 landscapers or 10
liters of water.
bundle
A set of tokens that are transferred between nodes in a
simulation as a complete group.
bus
Interconnecting messaging engines that manage bus resources.
business activity monitoring
The collection and presentation of real-time information
that describes a business process or a series of activities spanning
multiple systems and applications.
business analyst
A specialist who analyzes business needs and problems, consults
with users and stakeholders to identify opportunities for improving
business return through information technology, and transforms requirements
into a technical form.
business calendar
A calendar that is used to model noncontiguous time intervals
(intervals that do not proceed in a sequential manner). For example,
a business calendar that defines regular working hours might refer
to the non-overtime regular working hours of Monday to Friday, 9:00
a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
business component
A component that defines the structure, behavior, and information
displayed by a particular subject, such as a product, contact, or
account, in Siebel Business Applications.
business ecosystem
A business community supported by a foundation of interacting
organizations and individuals. This community produces goods and services
of value to customers, who are themselves members of the ecosystem.
A business ecosystem contains business services networks, which contain
business process, relevant to the transactions in that network.
business event
1. A significant occurrence in a business process, generally
identified by a business analyst, that warrants monitoring over time
to reveal a key performance indicator (KPI).
2. An event that
occurs during a business process.
business graph
A wrapper that is added around a simple business object
or a hierarchy of business objects to provide additional capabilities,
such as carrying change summary and event summary information related
to the business objects in the business graph. See also
business object.
business group
A place to collect any elements to group together. Different
business groups can be created for companies, processes, parts of
processes, or any other grouping.
business integration system
An integration broker and a set of integration adapters
that allow heterogeneous business applications to exchange data through
the coordinated transfer of information in the form of business objects.
business item
A business document, work product, or commodity that is
used in business operations. Examples of business items are a manufacturing
order, mother board, power supply, and memory chip (in a PC assembly
process), itinerary and customer information record (in a trip reservation
process), and passenger (in a transportation process). See also
business object.
business item instance
A particular occurrence or example of a business item. If
there is a business item called Invoice, then an example of a business
item instance would be "Invoice #1473.
business item template
A category used to model a group of business items that
share common properties. After these properties are defined in the
template, they are inherited by all business items using the template.
For example, an organization may define a number of forms to be used
in human resource processes, all of which have fields for date, employee
number, HR form number, and HR administrator.
business logic
The codified procedures in a business software system that
implements an organization's day-to-day operations (such as processing
an order, payroll management, and so on). Business logic typically
includes industry-standard procedures for business operations and
customizations reflecting an organization's unique business policies.
In the WebSphere business integration system, business logic can be
represented (that is, codified) as a collaboration. See also
collaboration.
business logic tier
The set of components that reside between the presentation
and database tiers. This logic tier hosts the enterprise bean containers,
which run the business logic.
business measure
A description of a performance management characteristic
that you want to monitor. Business measures include aggregate and
instance metrics and key performance indicators (KPI).
business method
A method of an enterprise bean that implements the business
logic or rules of an application. (Sun)
business object definition
The name, set of ordered attributes, properties, supported
verbs, version number, and application-specific text that specify
a type of business object. Components of the WebSphere business integration
system use the business object definition to instantiate a business
object, which they load with data before processing. See also
metadata.
business object handler
A connector component that contains methods that interact
with an application and that transforms request business objects into
application operations.
business objective
A high-level business goal. Because business objectives
are usually abstract, they are difficult to measure and are therefore
translated into more measurable lower-level business goals.
business object map
An artifact that assigns values to the target business objects
based on the values in the source business objects.
business object model
A model that defines the how a system organizes its processes
when interacting with business objects. An example of a business
object model is the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) component model.
business object property
An element of a business object attribute that defines one
quality of the attribute. The set of properties provides information
such as the attribute's name, type, maximum length, or default value,
whether the attribute is required or whether it is a primary or foreign
key. See also
property.
business operations
The ways in which an organization operates, including its
processes and organizational structure. For example, an organization
might have a management structure and processes defined for everything
from taking vacation days to submitting travel expenses.
business policy
A policy that is attached to an object in the ontology known
as the business policy target. It optionally specifies a set of conditions
that must be met for the business policy to apply. The policies declare
a set of assertions that must be satisfied when the conditions are
met.
business policy target
An object in the ontology suitable for attaching business
policies.
business process
A defined set of business activities that represent the
steps required to achieve a business objective. It includes the flow
and use of information and resources.
business process container
A process engine that contains process modules.
Business Process Execution Language
An XML-based language for the formal specification of business
processes and business interaction protocols. BPEL extends the Web
Services interaction model and enables it to support business transactions.
business process management
The services and tools that support process management (for
example, process analysis, definition, execution, monitoring and administration),
including support for human and application-level interaction. BPM
tools can eliminate manual processes and automate the routing of requests
between departments and applications.
Business Process Modeling Notation
A standardized graphical notation for creating diagrams
of business processes.
business protocol
A set of rules and instructions (protocol) used to format
and transmit information across a computer network. Examples include
RosettaNet, cXML, and EDI-X12.
business rule
A representation of how business policies or practices apply
to a business activity.
business rule group
A set of scheduled business rules that are available as
a service that can be invoked. The business rule group also provides
the organizational structure for managing the set of business rules.
business service
An abstract representation of a business function, hiding
the specifics of the function interfaces.
business service definition
A representation of the WSDL PortTypes in a business service.
A business service definition describes a specific set of business
service operations that are used to perform related business functionality.
business service object
A representation of an XML schema file (.xsd). There are
inline XML schemas and schema types within WSDL files. A business
service object is a collection of business service object definitions
and business service object templates.
business service object definition
A representation of the WSDL ComplexType in an inline schema,
or the XML schema type (SimpleType, ComplexType, Anonymous ComplexType,
or Anonymous SimpleType) in an XML schema file. There are inline XML
schemas and schema types within WSDL files. A business service object
definition is similar to a business item and is used to define the
business data that is required when a business service operation is
invoked.
business service operation
A representation of the WSDL Operation in a business service
definition. A business service operation describes a business function
and includes the business service object definitions that are required
when the operation is invoked. A business service operation also describes
the business service object definitions that result from completing
the business service operation. For example, a Product Search business
service operation requires a Product name (a business service object
definition) and returns a Product business service object definition.
Business service operations can be added to process diagrams as non-editable
services.
business services network
A collection of business processes, services, subscribers,
and policies that enable, control, or consume a portfolio of business
services. The business services network can span enterprise boundaries
and geographies or be confined to a single physical network or entity.
business situation
A condition that might require business action. Examples
of business situations are a declining sales volume or an unacceptable
amount of time to respond to a customer.
business-to-business
Refers to Internet applications that exchange information
or run transactions between businesses. See also
business-to-consumer.
business-to-consumer
Refers to the subset of Internet applications that exchange
information or run transactions between businesses and consumers.
See also
business-to-business.
business-to-employee
A business model that supports electronic communications
between a business and its employees.
bus member
An application server or server cluster that hosts one or
more messaging engines in a service integration bus.
bus topology
A physical arrangement of application servers, messaging
engines and queue managers and the pattern of bus connections and
links between them.
bytecode
Machine-independent code generated by the Java compiler
and executed by the Java interpreter. (Sun)
C
cache instance resource
A location where any Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java
EE) application can store, distribute, and share data.
cache replication
The sharing of cache IDs, cache entries, and cache invalidations
with other servers in the same replication domain.
callback handler
A mechanism that uses a Java Authentication and Authorization
Service (JAAS) interface to pass a security token to the Web service
security run time for propagation in the Web service security header.
callout
The action of bringing a computer program, a routine, or
a subroutine into effect.
callout node
The connection point in a mediation request flow from which
a service message is sent to a target. There must be one callout node
for each target operation.
callout response node
The starting point for a mediation response flow. There
must be one callout response node for each target.
call stack
A list of data elements that is constructed and maintained
by the Java virtual machine (JVM) for a program to successfully call
and return from a method.
call-triggered flow
A data flow triggered by a direct call that the collaboration
receives through the Server Access Interface. An access client initiates
a call-triggered flow.
candidate endpoint
A known service endpoint that implements an interface for
a particular request. The set of candidates is then filtered by the
dynamic assembler to select the best endpoint out of all the candidates.
capability
In Eclipse, a group of functions that can be hidden or revealed
in order to simplify the user interface. Capabilities are enabled
or disabled by changing preference settings.
capability list
A list of associated resources and their corresponding privileges
per user.
card
WML document that provides user-interface and navigational
settings to display content on mobile devices. See also
deck.
cardinality
The number of elements in a set.
cascading style sheet
A file that defines a hierarchical set of style rules for
controlling the rendering of HTML or XML files in browsers, viewers,
or in print.
catalog
A container that, depending on the container type, holds
processes, data, resources, organizations, or reports in the project
tree.
category
1. An optional grouping of messages that are related
in some way. For example, messages that relate to a particular application
might be included in a single category.
See also
message.
2. A container used in a structure
diagram to group elements based on a shared attribute or quality.
CEI event
An event generated over the Common Event Infrastructure
(CEI) and logged in a CEI data store.
cell
1. A group of managed processes that are federated to
the same deployment manager and can include high-availability core
groups.
2. One or more processes that each host runtime components.
Each has one or more named core groups.
cell-scoped binding
A binding scope where the binding is not specific to, and
not associated with any node or server. This type of name binding
is created under the persistent root context of a cell.
centralized installation manager
A component that remotely installs and uninstalls product
and maintenance packages in server environments.
certificate authority
A trusted third-party organization or company that issues
the digital certificates. The certificate authority typically verifies
the identity of the individuals who are granted the unique certificate.
See also
Secure Sockets Layer,
Globus certificate service.
certificate revocation list
A list of certificates that have been revoked before their
scheduled expiration date. Certificate revocation lists are maintained
by the certificate authority and used, during a Secure Sockets Layer
(SSL) handshake to ensure that the certificates involved have not
been revoked.
certificate set
A set of primary and secondary certificates that can be
associated to a participant connection.
certificate signing request
An electronic message that an organization sends to a certificate
authority (CA) in order to obtain a certificate. The request includes
a public key and is signed with a private key; the CA returns the
certificate after signing with its own private key. See also
keystore.
chain
The name of a channel framework connection that contains
an endpoint definition.
chameleon schema
A schema that inherits a target namespace from a schema
that includes the chameleon schema.
change-data table
In SQL replication, a replication table on the Capture control
server that contains changed data for a replication source table.
change management
The process of planning for and executing changes to configuration
items in the information technology environment.
channel
1. An entry point to the Web services gateway that carries
requests and responses between Web services and the gateway.
2.
A mode by which a business service is consumed by a subscriber.
3.
A communication path through a chain to an endpoint.
channel action
A business function that can be issued on a channel. Channel
actions are role specific and an authorization policy makes it possible
to control which role can perform which action in a channel.
channel framework
A common model for connection management, thread usage,
channel management, and message access within an application server.
character conversion
The process of changing data from one character coding representation
to another.
character encoding
The mapping from a character (a letter of the alphabet)
to a numeric value in a character code set. For example, the ASCII
character code set encodes the letter "A" as 65, while the EBCIDIC
character set encodes this letter as 43. The character code set contains
encodings for all characters in one or more language alphabets.
chart series
A selection of a category of data that will be represented
by a chart in a report. A chart can have multiple chart series to
represent multiple types of data.
cheat sheet
An interface that guides users through the wizards and steps
required to perform a complex task, and that links to relevant sections
of the online help.
check in
In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems,
to copy files back into the repository after changing them.
check out
In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems,
to copy the latest revision of a file from the repository so that
it can be modified.
child node
A node within the scope of another node.
CICS
An IBM licensed program that provides online transaction-processing
services and management for business applications.
cipher
A cryptographic algorithm used to encrypt data that is unreadable
until converted into plain data with a predefined key.
circular reference
A series of objects where the last object refers to the
first object, which can cause the series of references to be unusable.
class
In object-oriented design or programming, a model or template
that can be used to create objects with a common definition and common
properties, operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of
a class.
class file
A compiled Java source file.
class hierarchy
The relationships between classes that share a single inheritance.
classifier
A specialized attribute used for grouping and color-coding
process elements.
class loader
Part of the Java virtual machine (JVM) that is responsible
for finding and loading class files. A class loader affects the packaging
of applications and the runtime behavior of packaged applications
deployed on application servers.
class path
A list of directories and JAR files that contain resource
files or Java classes that a program can load dynamically at run time.
cleanup period
The time period during which a database record that has
reached its final state or condition is to remain in the database.
After the cleanup period expires for such a record, database cleanup
causes the record to be deleted from the database.
Click-to-Action
A method for implementing cooperative portlets, whereby
users can click an icon on a source portlet to transfer data to one
or more target portlets. See also
cooperative
portlets,
wire.
client
A software program or computer that requests services from
a server. See also
server,
host.
client application
An application, running on a workstation and linked to a
client, that gives the application access to queuing services on a
server.
client message
A message from a client application that is to be sent by
means of a network to its destination, or a message that is routed
to a client application to acknowledge the receipt of a client message
by a network.
client proxy
An object on the client side of a network connection that
provides a remote procedure call interface to a service on the server
side.
client/server
Pertaining to the model of interaction in distributed data
processing in which a program on one computer sends a request to a
program on another computer and awaits a response. The requesting
program is called a client; the answering program is called a server.
See also
distributed application.
client type detection
A process in which a servlet determines the markup language
type required by a client and calls the appropriate JavaServer Pages
file.
Cloudscape
An embeddable, all Java, object-relational database management
system (ORDBMS).
cluster
A group of application servers that collaborate for the
purposes of workload balancing and failover.
coarse-grained
Pertaining to viewing a group of objects from an abstract
or high level. See also
fine-grained.
coded character set identifier
A 16-bit number that includes a specific set of encoding
scheme identifiers, character set identifiers, code page identifiers,
and other information that uniquely identifies the coded graphic-character
representation.
code fragment
In Process Designer, the specification of an action through
WebSphere business integration API methods or other Java code. A developer
can add or customize default code fragments. Process Designer embeds
each code fragment in the code it generates to produce a whole program.
See also
action,
action
node.
code list
A table, supplied by Data Interchange Services or defined
by the user, that contains all acceptable values for a single data
field.
coexistence
The ability of two or more entities to function in the same
system or network.
collaboration
1. A WebSphere business integration system component
that contains business logic describing a distributed business process.
Collaborations are used to coordinate and extend the business processes
of disparate enterprise software products and to facilitate meaningful
data exchange between them. Collaborations use business objects to
exchange and manipulate data.
See also
business
logic.
2. The ability to connect customers, employees, or
business partners to the people and processes in a business or organization,
in order to facilitate improved decision-making. Collaboration involves
two or more individuals with complementary skills interacting together
to resolve a business problem.
collaboration object
An object created from a collaboration template that is
executable after it is configured and bound. Each collaboration object
is configured for a specific business environment to integrate specific
applications or software products. See also
binding,
collaboration template.
collaboration-object group
An executable set of collaboration objects bound together
to represent a combined business process. See also
event
isolation.
collaboration property
A configuration option that, with the full set of such options,
enables an administrator to customize the business processing behavior
of a specific collaboration object. Collaboration properties are set
in System Manager. See also
property.
collaboration template
The logic and framework of a collaboration that provides
the definition of its actions. A collaboration template consists of
Java code, which Process Designer generates and the developer can
customize. The template consists of scenarios, which specify sets
of actions. A collaboration template is not executable; it is a Java
class used to instantiate executable collaboration objects. See also
action,
collaboration
object.
collaborative components
UI-neutral API methods and tag libraries that allow developers
to add IBM Lotus collaborative functionality to their portlets.
collaborative filtering
Personalization technology that calculates the similarity
between users based on the behaviors of a number of other people and
uses that information to make recommendations for the current user.
collaborative portal
A highly personalized desktop-to-Web tool designed for specific
audiences and communities of users that organizes information, applications,
and services for effective community building at the corporate level
and for personal use by individuals.
collaborative unit
The configuration of the part of a deployment environment
that delivers required behavior to an application module. For example,
a messaging collaborative unit includes the host of the messaging
engine and deployment targets of the application module, and provides
messaging support to the application module.
collection certificate store
A collection of intermediate certificates or certificate
revocation lists (CRL) that are used by a certificate path to build
up a certificate chain for validation.
collection page
A type of page in the administrative console that displays
a collection list of administrative objects. From this type of page,
you can typically select objects to act on or to display other pages
for.
collective
A set of brokers that are fully interconnected and that
form part of a multi-broker network for publish/subscribe applications.
comma delimited file
A file whose records contain fields that are separated by
a comma.
command bean
A proxy that can invoke a single operation using an execute()
method.
command line
The blank line on a display where commands, option numbers,
or selections can be entered.
command-line interface
A type of computer interface in which the input command
is a string of text characters.
commit
To apply all the changes made during the current unit of
recovery (UR) or unit of work (UOW). After the operation is complete,
a new UR or UOW can begin.
common area
In a Web page that is based on a page template, the fixed
region of the page.
Common Base Event
A specification based on XML that defines a mechanism for
managing events, such as logging, tracing, management, and business
events, in business enterprise applications. See also
situation.
Common Criteria
A framework for independent assessment, analysis, and testing
of IT products to a set of security requirements.
Common Event Infrastructure
The implementation of a set of APIs and infrastructure for
the creation, transmission, persistence, and distribution of business,
system, and network Common Base Events. See also
event
emitter.
Common Object Request Broker Architecture
An architecture and a specification for distributed object-oriented
computing that separates client and server programs with a formal
interface definition. See also
Internet Inter-ORB
Protocol.
Common Secure Interoperability Version 2
An authentication protocol developed by the Object Management
Group (OMG) that supports interoperability, authentication delegation
and privileges.
community operator
The service provider who has a restricted set of typical
day-to-day administrative responsibilities for the hub.
compensation
1. The means by which operations in a process that have
successfully completed can be undone if an error occurs, to return
the system to a consistent state.
2. The action that a collaboration
takes during rollback of a transaction to undo a previously executed
service call. Such an action semantically negates the action taken
by a corresponding step in the service call, which has already been
executed. For example, the compensation step for a Create action might
involve deleting the object just created.
See also
isolation checking,
minimum
transaction level,
transactional collaboration.
compensation service
The operation that is performed to compensate for a successful
operation when a process generates a fault (which is not handled within
the process).
compilation unit
A portion of a computer program sufficiently complete to
be compiled correctly.
compiled message flow
A message flow that has been compiled to prepare it for
deployment to the broker. A cmf file is sent to the broker within
a bar file.
compile time
The time period during which a computer program is being
compiled into an executable program.
complete life-cycle server
A server that the user can create and manage within the
administrative console.
complex element
A named structure that contains simple elements within the
message. Complex elements can contain other complex elements, and
can also contain groups. The content of a complex element is defined
by a complex type. See also
element,
simple element.
complex type
A type that contains elements and can include attributes.
See also
simple type.
component
1. A reusable object or program that performs a specific
function and works with other components and applications.
2.
In Eclipse, one or more plug-ins that work together to deliver a discrete
set of functions.
component directory
In z/OS, the root directory of the component's runtime environment.
component element
An entity in a component where a breakpoint can be set,
such as an activity or Java snippet in a business process, or a mediation
primitive or node in a mediation flow.
component instance
A running component that can be running in parallel with
other instances of the same component.
component name
The external name of a component. Each component requires
a name, which is used, for example, in the workbench and in commands.
component PDSE
In a z/OS environment, a PDSE that contains jobs to define
resources to DB2, WebSphere MQ, and the WebSphere Message Broker started
task. See also
partitioned data set.
component test
An automated test of one or more components of an enterprise
application, which may include Java classes, EJB beans, or Web services.
See also
abstract test,
test pattern.
composer
In Java, a class used to map a single complex bean field
to multiple database columns. Composition is needed for complex fields
that are themselves objects with fields and behavior.
composite
A Service Component Architecture (SCA) element that contains
components, services, references, and wires that connect them.
composite business policy
A runtime aggregation of business policies based on context,
content and contract of a service request.
composite business service
A collection of business services that work together, along
with a client's existing applications, to provide a specific business
solution.
composite identity relationship
An identity relationship that relates two business objects
through a composite key. The composite key consists of a unique key
from a parent business object and a key, which is not unique, from
a child business object.
composite service
In service-oriented architecture, a unit of work accomplished
by an interaction between computing devices.
composite state
In a business state machine, an aggregate of one or more
states that is used to decompose a complex state machine diagram into
a simple hierarchy of state machines.
composition unit
A unit that represents a configured asset and enables the
asset contents to interact with other assets in the application.
compound element
An item in the source or target document that contains child
items, such as EDI Segments and EDI composite data elements, ROD records
and ROD structures in record oriented data, and XML elements.
concept
A class of entities that are represented by general metadata
definitions rather than physical document standards.
concrete portlet
A logical representation of a portlet object distinguished
by a unique configuration parameter (PortletSettings).
concrete type
A type that can be instantiated and is derived from an abstract
type.
concurrency control
The management of contention for data resources.
Concurrent Versions System
An open-source, network-transparent version control system.
condition
1. In a business state machine, an expression that guards
the transition and only allows the transition to the next state when
and if the incoming operation evaluates to 'True'. Otherwise, the
current state is maintained.
2. A test of a situation or state
that must be in place in order for a specific action to occur.
configuration
In a broker domain, the brokers, execution groups, deployed
message sets, and deployed message flows, and the defined topics and
access control lists.
configuration administration
The administration of the configuration object types (CTs),
configuration objects (COs), and configuration object sets (COSs)
that comprise the configuration data of organizational units (OUs).
This is carried out after the product has been installed and customized.
configuration database
The Data Interchange Services client database that stores
parameters necessary for running Data Interchange Services client,
including database definitions, messages, queries, and preferences.
configuration entity
Entities used to model an organization and to specify how
messages are processed. These entities include configuration object
types (CTs), organizational units (OUs), configuration object sets
(COSs), configuration objects (COs).
Configuration Manager
The component that provides an interface between the workbench
and a set of runtime brokers. It provides brokers with their initial
configuration, and updates them with any subsequent changes. It maintains
the broker domain configuration.
Configuration Manager Proxy
An application programming interface that your applications
can use to control broker domains through a remote interface to the
Configuration Manager.
configuration object
An instance of a configuration object type (CT) that represents
an object in an organizational unit (OU). Which attributes can be
added to a CO is determined by the definition of the CT on which the
CO is based.
configuration object set
A set of configuration objects, used to limit the scope
of configuration data provided to message flows.
configuration object type
A description of the class of configuration objects, including
the attributes that each member of this class can have.
configuration repository
A storage area of configuration data that is typically located
in a subdirectory of the product installation root directory.
configured name binding
Persistent storage of an object in the name space that is
created using either the administrative console or the wsadmin program.
confirm-on-arrival report
A WebSphere MQ report message type created when a message
is placed on that queue. It is created by the queue manager that owns
the destination queue.
confirm-on-delivery report
A WebSphere MQ report message type created when an application
retrieves a message from the queue in a way that causes the message
to be deleted from the queue. It is created by the queue manager.
conflict
A result that occurs when two simultaneous edit submissions
are processed for the same object and where the intended outcome of
the edit is unclear.
connection
A link between two process elements. Connections can be
used to specify the chronological sequence of activities in a process.
connection factory
A set of configuration values that produces connections
that enable a Java EE component to access a resource. Connection factories
provide on-demand connections from an application to an enterprise
information system (EIS) and allow an application server to enroll
the EIS in a distributed transaction.
connection handle
A representation of a connection to a server resource.
connection pool
A group of host connections that are maintained in an initialized
state, ready to be used without having to create and initialize them.
connection pooling
A technique used for establishing a pool of resource connections
that applications can share on an application server.
connectivity
The capability of a system or device to be attached to other
systems or devices without modification.
connector
1. In Java EE, a standard extension mechanism for containers
to provide connectivity to enterprise information systems (EISs).
A connector consists of a resource adapter and application development
tools (Sun).
See also
container.
2.
A servlet that provides a portlet access to external sources of content,
for example, a news feed from a Web site of a local television station.
3.
The component of an adapter that uses business objects to send information
about an event to an integration broker (inbound) or receive information
about a request from the integration broker (outbound). A connector
consists of the Websphere Adapter Foundation Classes and the application-specific
component of the connector.
connector agent
The subcomponent of a connector that interacts with a defined
interface of an application or URL.
connector configuration property
connector controller
The subcomponent of a connector that interacts with collaborations.
A connector controller runs within InterChange Server and initiates
mapping between application-specific and generic business objects,
and manages collaboration subscriptions to business object definitions.
connector development kit
C++ class libraries used when developing a C++ connector.
These libraries contain predefined classes that are used to derive
connector classes and libraries. Also, they provide methods for implementing
services such as tracing and logging.
connector packet
The set of data that is passed between the event processing
server (runtime server) and external systems using the technology
connectors. See also
event packet,
action packet.
connector-specific configuration property
consistent-change-data table
In SQL replication, a type of replication target table that
is used for storing history, auditing data, or staging data. A CCD
table can also be a replication source.
constraint
A rule that limits the values that can be inserted, deleted,
or updated in a table. See also
primary key,
foreign key.
container
An entity that provides life-cycle management, security,
deployment, and runtime services to components. (Sun) See also
resource adapter,
connector.
container-managed persistence
The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's
variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean's container.
(Sun) See also
bean-managed persistence.
container-managed transaction
A transaction whose boundaries are defined by an EJB container.
An entity bean must use container-managed transactions. (Sun)
containment hierarchy
A namespace hierarchy consisting of model elements, and
the containment relationships that exist between them. A containment
hierarchy forms an acyclic graph.
containment relationship
A relationship between two objects where one object is contained
within the other. The destination is nested within the source.
content
The data semantics of a message that is received by the
dynamic assembler.
content area
In a Web page that is based on a page template, the editable
region of the page.
content assist
A feature of some source editors that prompts the user with
a list of valid alternatives for completing the current line of code
or input field.
content-based filter
In publish/subscribe, an expression that is included as
part of a subscription to determine whether a publication message
is received based on its content. The expression can include wildcards.
content based routing
An optional feature of the caching proxy that provides intelligent
routing to back-end application servers. This routing is based on
HTTP session affinity and a weighted round-robin algorithm.
contention
A situation in which a transaction attempts to lock a row
or table that is already locked.
content management
Software designed to help businesses manage and distribute
content from diverse sources.
content model
The representation of any data that may be contained inside
an XML element. There are four kinds of content models: element content,
mixed content, EMPTY content and ANY content.
content provider
A source for content that can be incorporated into a portal
page as a portlet.
content spot
A class file that is added to a JSP file to designate display
of personalized data or content. Each content spot has a name and
will accept a specific type of data from a rule.
context
An object created for a service request in the business
service model. The object contains one or more of the following details
of information captured from the metadata: a business process, organization,
role, channel, and domain specific information. See also
context propagation.
context parameter
A definition of the server view of the Web application within
which the servlet is running and supports servlet access to available
resources.
context propagation
In a multiple service transaction, the information about
the details of a service request that passes from one invocation to
another via the message header. See also
context.
context root
The Web application root, which is the top-level directory
of an application when it is deployed to a Web server.
contract
The set of business policy assertions that have to be met
by service provider at run time based on the context and content.
control analysis
A type of analysis that displays variations in values of
the business measures over a specific period of time. This type of
analysis reduces data variation, and is often used for quality control.
Allowable variation is three times the standard deviation of the data.
control flow
The sequence that dictates the order in which steps of a
business process are executed. The sequence can include branching
based on decisions, iterating over a set of steps until a certain
condition is reached, and so on. In a collaboration, control flow
refers to the path that a scenario takes, which depends on the order
of action nodes in an activity diagram. When an action node has multiple
transition links, the path reflects the state of those links. This
path is illustrated in a top-to-bottom direction. See also
transition link.
controller
A component or a set of virtual storage processes that schedules
or manages shared resources.
control link
An object in a process that links nodes and determines the
order in which they run.
control number
A number that is used to identify an interchange, group,
or EDI document.
control region adjunct
A servant that interfaces with service integration busses
to provide messaging services.
control string
One of several compiled objects, which consist primarily
of map control strings and document definition control strings.
control structure
The beginning and ending segments (header and trailer) of
EDI-enveloped documents.
conversational processing
An optional IMS facility with which an application program
can accumulate information acquired through multiple interchanges
with a terminal, even if the program stops between interchanges. See
also
IMS conversation.
converter
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a class that
translates a database representation to an object type and back.
cooperative portlets
Two or more portlets on the same Web page that interact
by sharing information. See also
Click-to-Action,
wire.
Coordinated Universal Time
The international standard of time that is kept by atomic
clocks around the world.
copy helper
An access bean that contains a local copy of attributes
from a remote entity bean. Unlike bean wrappers, copy helpers are
optimized for use with a single instance of an entity bean.
core group
A group of processes that is directly accessible to each
other and is connected using a local area network (LAN).
core group access point
A definition of a set of servers that provides access to
the core group.
core group bridge
The means by which core groups communicate.
core group member
A server included in the cluster of a core group.
correlation
1. A record used with business processes and state machines
to allow two partners to initialize a transaction, temporarily suspend
an activity, and then recognize each other again when that activity
resumes.
2. A mechanism that bridges a point in a process flow
between two or more process instances.
3. The relationship,
captured in a correlation expression, that describes how an incoming
event is matched with one or more monitoring context instances to
which it will be delivered.
correlation property
Data in an event that the runtime server uses to determine
which instance of a task, process, or business state machine should
receive the input at run time.
correspondent
An institution to which your institution sends and from
which it receives messages.
cost
A number that is used as a weighting mechanism to differentiate
one resource from another where a smaller value is always preferred.
counter
A specialized metric used to keep track of the number of
occurrences of a specific situation or event. For example, you can
use a counter to track the number of times that a task is started
within a process, where that task is contained in a loop.
coupling
The dependency that components have on one another.
create method
In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface
and invoked by a client to create an enterprise bean. (Sun)
credential
In the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)
framework, a subject class that owns security-related attributes.
These attributes can contain information used to authenticate the
subject to new services.
critical path
The processing path that takes the longest time to complete
of all parallel paths in a process instance, where each path considered
begins at a start node or an input to the process and ends at a terminate
node.
cross-cell communication
The process of information sharing and request routing between
cells.
cross-cutting concern
A software concern (synchronization, logging, memory allocation,
and so forth) that is external and orthogonal to the problem that
a software component is designed to address.
cryptographic token
A logical view of a hardware device that performs cryptographic
functions and stores cryptographic keys, certificates, and user data.
cube
A multidimensional representation of data needed for online
analytical processing and multidimensional reporting.
current customization definition
A customization definition that describes an instance for
which the corresponding resources have already been deployed and are
running.
custom action
1. In JSP programming, an action described in a portable
manner by a tag library descriptor and a collection of Java classes
and imported into a JSP page by a taglib directive. (Sun)
2.
A Java or non-Java process definition that you can define as a part
of a health policy action plan.
Custom-built Product Delivery Option
A software delivery package consisting of uninstalled products
and unintegrated service. Installation requires the use of SMP/E.
CBPDO is one of the two entitled methods for installing z/OS; the
other method is ServerPac.
customization definition document
An XML document that describes the layout of an instance
(that is, its organizational units (OUs) and servers, and which service
bundles are assigned to each server-OU combination). The Customization
Definition Program (CDP) uses a CDD to determine which deployment
data to produce for an instance.
Customization Definition Program
A program used to generate deployment data based on information
contained in a customization definition document (CDD). It also generates
reports that describe the resulting instance.
customization definition report
A report that describes the servers, organizational units
(OUs), and services of an instance, and how they are distributed within
the instance.
customized installation package
A customized installation image that can include one or
more maintenance packages, a configuration archive file from a stand-alone
server profile, one or more enterprise archive files, scripts, and
other files that help customize the resulting installation.
customizer
A Java class (implementing the java.beans.Customizer interface)
that is associated with a bean to provide a richer user interface
for that bean's properties.
custom profile
A profile that describes an empty node, which becomes operational,
as a managed node, when federated into a network deployment cell.
custom relationship
An association between two or more data entities as provided
by the user.
custom screen record
A run-time view of the screen that allows access to available
screen fields.
custom service
A configurable service that defines a hook that runs when
the server starts and shuts down when the server stops.
custom tag
An extension to the JavaServer Pages (JSP) language that
performs a specialized task. Custom tags are usually distributed in
the form of a tag library, which also contains the Java classes that
implement the tags.
custom user registry
A customer-implemented user registry that implements the
UserRegistry Java interface. This registry type can support virtually
any kind of accounts repository from a relational database and can
provide flexibility in adapting product security to various environments.
Custom Wire Format
The physical representation of a message in the MRM domain
that is composed of a number of fixed format data structures or elements,
which are not separated by delimiter characters.
CVS file
A text file containing comma separated values, that is,
tabular values delimited by commas.
cycle time
The time required for a process instance in a process simulation
run to finish processing its inputs. Cycle time includes idle time
when an activity in the process is waiting for a resource to become
available.
D
DAD script
A file that is used by the DB2 XML Extender, either to compose
XML documents from existing DB2 data or to decompose XML documents
into DB2 data.
DADX group
A folder that contains database connection (JDBC and JNDI)
and other information that is shared between DADX files within the
group.
DADX runtime environment
The DADX runtime environment provides information to the
DADX Web service, including the HTTP GET and POST bindings, the test
page, WSDL generation, and the translation of DTD data into XML schema
data.
daemon
A program that runs unattended to perform continuous or
periodic functions, such as network control.
dashboard
A Web page that can contain one or more viewers that graphically
represent business data.
data access bean
A class library that provides a rich set of features and
functions, while hiding the complexity associated with accessing relational
databases.
database cleanup
The act of deleting from a database those records for which
the cleanup period has expired.
database definition
A Data Interchange Services definition that contains information
used by Data Interchange Services Client to connect to a database.
Database Instance Manager
On Windows, a network server that supports the creation,
maintenance, and deletion of databases used by brokers in all installations
on a single computer. Database support is limited to Derby and DB2.
The Database Instance Manager is associated with a Windows service.
database management system
database manager
A program that manages data by providing centralized control,
data independence, and complex physical structures for efficient access,
integrity, recovery, concurrency control, privacy, and security.
database request module
A data set member that is created by the DB2 for z/OS precompiler
and that contains information about SQL statements. DBRMs are used
in the bind process.
database response file
A text file that specifies parameters for configuring the
database.
data binding
A component that converts protocol-specific local data to
and from a business object.
data catalog
A collection of models representing objects, such as business
items and notifications, to be used as inputs and outputs in process
modeling.
data class
An access bean that provides data storage and access methods
for caching enterprise bean properties. Unlike copy helpers, data
class access beans work with enterprise beans that have local client
views as well as remote client views.
data definition
A data object that defines a database or table.
Data Definition Language
A language for describing data and its relationships in
a database.
data dictionary
A grouping of logically related components of a particular
syntax type, such as ROD dictionaries, EDI dictionaries, and XML dictionaries.
data element delimiter
A character, such as an asterisk (*), that follows the EDI
segment identifier and separates each EDI data element in an EDI segment.
See also
segment ID separator.
data element separation
A delimiter sequence that defines how a TDS message is to
be parsed. The following separation types are supported: data pattern
separation, delimited separation, fixed length separation, and tagged
separation.
Data Encryption Standard
A cryptographic algorithm designed to encrypt and decrypt
data using a private key.
Data Exchange SPI architecture
The interface that resource adapters and runtime components
use to exchange business object data. The Data Exchange SPI architecture,
which is based on the concept of cursors and accessors, abstracts
the data type so that an adapter can be written only once and then
work on runtime environments that support different data types, such
as data objects and JavaBeans.
datagram
A form of asynchronous messaging in which an application
sends a message, but does not require a response. See also
request/reply,
datagram.
data graph
A set of Service Data Objects (SDO) interconnected with
relationships.
data handler
A Java class or library of classes that a process uses to
transform data into and from specific formats. In the WebSphere business
integration environment, data handlers transform text data of specified
formats into business objects, and transform business objects into
text data of specified formats.
Data Interchange Services client
The Data Interchange Services tool used to document metadata
and map documents to one another.
Data Interchange Services database
The database that contains all Data Interchange Services
objects.
Data Interchange Services translator
The Data Interchange Services component responsible for
transforming a document from one format to another.
data model
A model defining the structure of business artifacts that
are operated upon by business operations.
data object
Any object (such as tables, views, indexes, functions, triggers,
and packages) that can be created or manipulated using SQL statements.
See also
business object.
DataObject domain
The message domain that includes all messages that are exchanged
between the broker and enterprise information system applications
such as SAP, PeopleSoft, and Siebel. Messages in this domain are processed
by the DataObject parser. Create a message model for messages to process
in this domain. See also
BLOB domain,
IDoc domain,
JMS domain,
MRM domain,
XML domain,
MIME domain,
SOAP domain,
XMLNS domain,
XMLNSC
domain.
data object filter
A control that allows the exclusion of data objects (such
as tables and schemas) from the tree view of the database.
DataObject parser
A program that interprets a message that belongs to the
DataObject domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the business
object on input, or the business object from the tree on output.
data source
1. In JDBC, an interface that provides a logical representation
of a pool of connections to a physical data source. Data source objects
provide application portability by making it unnecessary to supply
information specific to a particular database driver.
2. The
means by which an application accesses data from a database.
3.
A repository of data (for example, a DB2 database) to which the runtime
server can connect and retrieve data in order to enhance the event
being processed.
data store
A place (such as a database system, file, or directory)
where data is stored.
data store profile
An object that defines properties used by the default data
store plug-in, which is used to persistently store events received
by the event server.
Data Transformation Framework
An infrastructure that includes data bindings and function
selectors, which enables an adapter to convert native data formats
to business objects and to convert business objects back to native
data formats, such as XML.
data transformation map
A set of mapping instructions that describes how to translate
data from a source document into a target document. Both the source
and target documents can be one of several supported document types.
A data transformation map is one of three supported map types.
Data Universal Numbering System
A system in which internationally recognized nine-digit
numbers are assigned and maintained by Dun & Bradstreet to uniquely
identify worldwide businesses.
DB2
A family of IBM licensed programs for relational database
management.
DB2 XML Extender
A program that is used to store and manage XML documents
in DB2 tables. Well-formed and validated XML documents can be generated
from existing relational data, stored as column data, and the content
of XML elements and attributes can be stored in DB2 tables.
dead-letter queue
A queue to which a queue manager or application sends messages
that cannot be delivered to their correct destination.
deadlock
1. A condition under which a transaction cannot proceed
because it is dependent on exclusive resources that are locked by
another transaction, which in turn is dependent on exclusive resources
in use by the original transaction.
2. A condition in which
two independent threads of control are blocked, each waiting for the
other to take some action. Deadlock often arises from adding synchronization
mechanisms to avoid race conditions.
debug engine
The server component of the debugger, whose client/server
design enables both local and remote debugging. The debug engine runs
on the same system as the program being debugged.
debugger
A tool used to detect and trace errors in computer programs.
debugging session
The debugging activities that occur between the time that
a developer starts a debugger and the time that the developer exits
from it.
decimal notation
In an EDI Standard, the character that represents a decimal
point.
decision
A process element that routes an input to one of several
alternative outgoing paths, depending on its condition. A decision
is like a question that determines the exact set of activities during
the execution of a process. Questions might include: What type of
order? Or How will the order be shipped?
decision table
A form of business rule that captures multi-conditional
decision-making business logic in a table where the rows and columns
intersect to determine the appropriate action. Unlike a rule set,
a decision table uses more than one condition to determine the action.
See also
rule set.
deck
An XML document that contains a collection of WML cards.
See also
card.
declaration
In Java programming, a statement that establishes an identifier
and associates attributes with it, without necessarily reserving its
storage or providing the implementation. (Sun)
declarative security
The security configuration of an application during assembly
stage that is defined in the deployment descriptors and enforced by
the security run time.
decoration
In graphical user interfaces (GUIs), a glyph that annotates
a resource with status information, for example to indicate that a
file has changed since it was last saved or checked out of a repository.
de-envelope
To extract a document from an EDI envelope.
default portal page
The page that displays to a user at initial portal deployment
and before the user completes enrollment. Sometimes used as a synonym
for home page.
default public place
A place whose membership automatically includes all portal
users and which appears in the Places selector for every user. A user
is always a member of this place.
deferred flow
A flow whose recovery was deferred
definition file
Defines the content that is displayed within the navigation
and workarea frames.
delegation
The process of propagating a security identity from a caller
to a called object. According to the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition
(Java EE) specification, a servlet and an enterprise bean can propagate
either the client identity when invoking enterprise beans, or can
use another specified identity as indicated in the corresponding deployment
descriptor.
delimited text
A simple file format that consists of text separated into
meaningful chunks by specific characters. The chunks of text are usually
individual fields. The specific character is called a delimiter, and
can be any character that is not found in the text. Comma and tab
are common delimiters. If the delimiter is used as a character in
the text, it must be enclosed by a pair of text qualifiers, usually
double quotation marks.
delimiter
A character, such as comma or tab, used to group or separate
units of text by marking the boundary between them.
delta business object
A business object used in an update operation. Such a business
object contains only key values and the values to be changed. See
also
after-image.
delta deployment
Deployment of only that data that is required to transform
a current runtime environment into a target runtime environment. See
also
full deployment.
demilitarized zone
A configuration including multiple firewalls to add layers
of protection between a corporate intranet and a public network, like
the Internet.
denial-of-service attack
In computer security, an assault on a network that brings
down one or more hosts on a network such that the host is unable to
perform its functions properly. Network service is interrupted for
some period.
dependency
A requirement that one managed resource has on another managed
resource in order to operate correctly.
dependency relationship
In UML modeling, a relationship in which changes to one
model element (the supplier) impact another model element (the client).
deploy
1. To place files or install software into an operational
environment. In Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE), this
involves creating a deployment descriptor suitable to the type of
application that is being deployed.
2. To transfer assets from
a local development environment into an operational, or runtime, environment.
deployment
In WebSphere InterChange Server, the process of taking generated
components and making them available for use. This process includes
the user choosing the components to deploy, repos copy or System Manager
taking the user's choices and sending the data to the server, the
server taking the data and the instructions and integrating them into
the system.
deployment code
Additional code that enables bean implementation code written
by an application developer to work in a particular EJB runtime environment.
Deployment code can be generated by tools that the application server
vendor supplies.
deployment data
The resource files, generated during customization, that
are used to create the resources for an instance.
deployment data set
A data set containing the resource files generated during
customization.
deployment descriptor
An XML file that describes how to deploy a module or application
by specifying configuration and container options. For example, an
EJB deployment descriptor passes information to an EJB container about
how to manage and control an enterprise bean.
deployment directory
1. The directory where the published server configuration
and Web application are located on the machine where the application
server is installed.
2. The directory containing the subdirectories
and resource files created during customization.
deployment environment
A collection of configured clusters, servers, and middleware
that collaborate to provide an environment to host software modules.
For example, a deployment environment might include a host for message
destinations, a processor or sorter of business events, and administrative
programs.
deployment instruction
A set of instructions that describe how to execute the resource
files, and deploy, on the runtime systems, the resources required
by the instance.
deployment manager
A server that manages operations for a logical group or
cell of other servers.
deployment phase
A phase that includes a combination of creating the hosting
environment for your applications and the deployment of those applications.
This includes resolving the application’s resource dependencies, operational
conditions, capacity requirements, and integrity and access constraints.
deployment topology
The configuration of servers and clusters in a deployment
environment and the physical and logical relationships among them.
deployment vehicle
A job or other executable file that is used to deploy resources.
Each vehicle corresponds to a particular resource file.
deprecated
Pertaining to an entity, such as a programming element or
feature, that is supported but no longer recommended and that might
become obsolete.
Derby
The database based on the Apache Derby open source project
from Apache Software Foundation. Derby database support is embedded
in the broker component on Windows only.
derivation
In object-oriented programming, the refinement or extension
of one class from another.
deserialization
A method for converting a serialized variable into object
data. See also
serializer.
destination
An exit point that is used to deliver documents to a back-end
system or a trading partner.
developer
A person who creates or modifies components of the WebSphere
business integration system, such as connectors, collaborations, business
objects, and maps. The developer typically uses IBM-provided templates
or existing components as the basis for developing new ones.
device input format
The Message Format Service (MFS) control block that describes
the format of the data that is entered on the device and presented
to MFS.
device output format
The Message Format Service (MFS) control block that describes
the format of the output data that is presented to the device.
dialog
The recorded interaction between a user and the 3270 application
that the user accesses. Users can record a dialog using the Record
Dialog function in the 3270 terminal service recorder. A recorded
dialog includes the keystrokes, inputs and outputs that move the user
from one screen to another in the 3270 application.
dialog editor
A 3270 terminal service development tool that enables a
developer to modify the dialog that was recorded with the 3270 terminal
service recorder.
dialog file
The result of recording a dialog from the 3270 terminal
service recorder. The dialog file is saved to a WSDL file in the workbench.
dictionary
A grouping of logically related components of a particular
syntax type, such as ROD dictionaries, EDI dictionaries, and XML dictionaries.
digest code
A number that is the result of a message digest function
or a secure hash algorithm distilling a document.
digital certificate
An electronic document used to identify an individual, a
system, a server, a company, or some other entity, and to associate
a public key with the entity. A digital certificate is issued by a
certification authority and is digitally signed by that authority.
digital signature
Information that is encrypted with a private key and is
appended to a message or object to assure the recipient of the authenticity
and integrity of the message or object. The digital signature proves
that the message or object was signed by the entity that owns, or
has access to, the private key or shared-secret symmetric key.
digital signature algorithm
A security protocol that uses a pair of keys (one public
and one private) and a one-way encryption algorithm to provide a robust
way of authenticating users and systems. If a public key can successfully
decrypt a digital signature, a user can be sure that the signature
was encrypted using the private key.
dimension
A data category that is used to organize and select monitoring
context instances for reporting and analysis. Examples of dimensions
are time, accounts, products, and markets.
dimensional model
The part of the monitor model that defines the cubes and
cube content that are used for storing, retrieving, and analyzing
the data that is gathered over time.
dimension level
An element or subelement of a dimension that is arranged
hierarchically. For example, the time dimension can have years, months,
and days as its levels.
directive
A first-failure data capture (FFDC) construct that provides
information and suggested actions to assist a diagnostic module in
customizing the logged data.
discover
In UDDI, to browse the business registry to locate existing
Web services for integration.
discovered server
A server that runs the middleware agent and is found outside
of the administrative environment but has a server representation
automatically created within the administrative environment. The representation
that is created is an assisted life-cycle server.
distinguished encoding rules
The Basic Encoding Rules that are designed to ensure a unique
encoding of each ASN.1 value, defined in the X.500 Directory Standards
(CCITT X.509).
distinguished name
1. The name that uniquely identifies an entry in a directory.
A distinguished name is made up of attribute:value pairs, separated
by commas.
2. A set of name-value pairs (such as CN=person's
name and C=country or region) that uniquely identifies an entity in
a digital certificate.
distributed application
An application made up of distinct components that are located
on different computer systems, connected by a network. See also
client/server.
distribution list
A list of queues to which a message can be put with a single
statement.
document
A business document, such as a purchase order or invoice,
that can be represented in any supported format. For example, an XML
purchase order and an EDI purchase order are both documents, but each
uses a different format.
document access definition
An XML document format used by DB2 XML Extender to define
the mapping between XML and relational data.
document access definition extension
An XML document format that specifies how to create a Web
service using a set of operations that are defined by DAD documents
and SQL statements.
document definition
A description of a document layout that is used to identify
the format of a document. Examples include record oriented data document
definitions, EDI document definitions, XML schema document definitions,
and XML DTD document definitions.
document flow definition
A collection of information specified for each type of document
that tells the hub how to process that particular type of document.
Each document to be exchanged between the internal partner and a participant
must have a document flow definition.
document ID
A unique identifier for a document.
Document Object Model
A system in which a structured document, for example an
XML file, is viewed as a tree of objects that can be programmatically
accessed and updated. See also
Simple API for
XML.
document type definition
The rules that specify the structure for a particular class
of SGML or XML documents. The DTD defines the structure with elements,
attributes, and notations, and it establishes constraints for how
each element, attribute, and notation can be used within the particular
class of documents.
domain
An object, icon, or container that contains other objects
representing the resources of a domain. The domain object can be used
to manage those resources.
domain naming service
The distributed database system that maps domain names to
IP addresses.
DOM element
One member of a tree of elements that is created when an
XML file is parsed with a DOM parser. DOM elements make it easy to
quickly identify all elements in the source XML file.
do-while loop
A loop that repeats the same sequence of activities as long
as some condition is satisfied. Unlike a while loop, a do-while loop
tests its condition at the end of the loop. This means that its sequence
of activities always runs at least once.
downstream
Pertaining to the direction of the flow, which is from the
first node in the process (upstream) toward the last node in the process
(downstream).
drop-down
Pertaining to a list or menu that opens when clicked and
stays open until the user selects a menu or list item or clicks elsewhere
in the user interface.
DTD document definition
A description or layout of an XML document based on an XML
DTD.
dual authorization
A setting requiring that an action carried out by one person
be confirmed by a second person. This prevents a single person from
being able to carry out actions requiring a high level of security,
for example the distribution of funds or the granting of access rights.
See also
single authorization.
durable subscription
A Java Message Service (JMS) subscription that persists
and stores subscribed messages even when the client is not connected.
dynaform
An instance of a DynaActionForm class or subclass that stores
HTML form data from a submitted client request or that stores input
data from a link that a user clicked.
dynamic analysis
The process of extracting targeted types of information
based on the results of process simulations. This differs from static
analysis, which extracts information from model elements in their
static form.
dynamic assembly
A process that selects specific endpoints to meet the conditions
of a service request at run time.
dynamic cache
A consolidation of several caching activities, including
servlets, Web services, and WebSphere commands into one service where
these activities share configuration parameters and work together
to improve performance.
dynamic cluster
A server cluster that uses weights to balance the workloads
of its cluster members dynamically, based on performance information
collected from cluster members.
dynamic cluster isolation
The ability to specify whether the dynamic cluster runs
on the same nodes as other instances of dynamic clusters, or if the
dynamic cluster is the only dynamic cluster that runs on a single
node.
dynamic link library
A file containing executable code and data bound to a program
at load time or run time, rather than during linking. The code and
data in a DLL can be shared by several applications simultaneously.
dynamic operations
Operations that monitor the server environment and make
recommendations that are based on the observed data.
dynamic policy
A template of permissions for a particular type of resource.
dynamic property
A property that can be overridden at run time by inserting
information into the service message object (SMO).
dynamic reloading
The ability to change an existing component without restarting
the server for the changes to become effective. See also
hot deployment.
dynamic routing
The automatic routing of a service request, a message, or
an event that is based on conditions at the time of the routing.
dynamic Web content
Programming elements such as JavaServer Pages (JSP) files,
servlets, and scripts that require client or server-side processing
for accurate run time rendering in a Web browser.
dynamic Web project
A project that contains resources for a Web application
with dynamic content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files.
The structure of a dynamic Web project reflects the Java EE standard
for Web content, classes, class paths, the deployment descriptor,
and so on.
dynamic workload manager
A feature of the on demand router that routes workload
based on a weight system, which establishes a prioritized routing
system. The dynamic workload manager dynamically modifies the weights
to stay current with the business goals.
E
e-business
The transaction of business over an electronic medium such
as the Internet.
Eclipse
An open-source initiative that provides ISVs and other tool
developers with a standard platform for developing plug-compatible
application development tools.
Edge Side Include
A technology supporting cacheable and noncacheable Web page
components that can be gathered and assembled at the edge of a network.
EDI administrator
The person responsible for setting up and maintaining Data
Interchange Services.
EDI composite data element
A group of related EDI Data Elements, such as the elements
that make up a name and address. Maintained as EDI data elements in
Data Interchange Services.
EDI data element
A single item of data in an EDI document, such as a purchase
order number, that corresponds to a ROD field in a ROD document definition.
An EDI data element is equivalent to a simple element. It is also
used to maintain EDI composite data elements.
EDI document definition
A description or layout of an EDI document, which comprises
loops, EDI segments, EDI data elements, and EDI composite data elements.
It is equivalent to the layout of an EDI transaction or an EDI message.
EDI envelope
The EDI segments and EDI data elements that make up the
headers and trailers that enclose EDI transaction sets, functional
groups, and interchanges.
EDI loop
A group of consecutive EDI segments that repeat together
in an EDI document definition. There is no object type in Data Interchange
Services that defines an EDI loop on its own. EDI loops are logically
defined within an EDI document definition.
EDI message
In UN/EDIFACT EDI Standards, a group of logically related
data that makes up an electronic business document, such as an invoice.
It is equivalent to an EDI transaction. Called an EDI document definition
in Data Interchange Services.
EDI message set
A group of logically related data that make up an electronic
business document, such as an invoice or a purchase order. A single
EDI document. The layout of an EDI transaction is described by an
EDI document definition in Data Interchange Services.
EDI segment
A group of related EDI data elements. An EDI segment is
a single line in an EDI document definition, beginning with a segment
identifier and ending with a segment terminator delimiter. The EDI
data elements in the EDI segment are separated by data element delimiters.
EDI standard
The industry-supplied, national or international formats
to which information is converted, allowing different computer systems
and applications to exchange information.
edition
A successive deployment generation of a particular set of
versioned artifacts.
editor area
In Eclipse and Eclipse-based products, the area in the workbench
window where files are opened for editing.
EDI transaction
In X12 EDI Standards, a group of logically related data
that makes up an electronic business document, such as an invoice.
It is equivalent to an EDI message. The layout of an EDI transaction
is described by an EDI Document Definition in Data Interchange Services.
EDI transaction set
A group of logically related data that make up an electronic
business document, such as an invoice or a purchase order. A single
EDI document.
EJB container
A container that implements the EJB component contract of
the Java EE architecture. This contract specifies a runtime environment
for enterprise beans that includes security, concurrency, life cycle
management, transaction, deployment, and other services. (Sun) See
also
EJB server.
EJB context
In enterprise beans, an object that allows an enterprise
bean to invoke services provided by the container and to obtain information
about the caller of a client-invoked method. (Sun)
EJB factory
An access bean that simplifies the creating or finding of
an enterprise bean instance.
EJB home object
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an object that
provides the life cycle operations (create, remove, find) for an enterprise
bean. (Sun)
EJB inheritance
A form of inheritance in which an enterprise bean inherits
properties, methods, and method-level control descriptor attributes
from another enterprise bean that resides in the same group.
EJB JAR file
A Java archive that contains an EJB module. (Sun)
EJB module
A software unit that consists of one or more enterprise
beans and an EJB deployment descriptor. (Sun)
EJB object
In enterprise beans, an object whose class implements the
enterprise bean remote interface (Sun).
EJB project
A project that contains the resources needed for EJB applications,
including enterprise beans; home, local, and remote interfaces; JSP
files; servlets; and deployment descriptors.
EJB query
In EJB query language, a string that contains an optional
SELECT clause specifying the EJB objects to return, a FROM clause
that names the bean collections, an optional WHERE clause that contains
search predicates over the collections, an optional ORDER BY clause
that specifies the ordering of the result collection, and input parameters
that correspond to the arguments of the finder method.
EJB reference
A logical name used by an application to locate the home
interface of an enterprise bean in the target operational environment.
EJB server
Software that provides services to an EJB container. An
EJB server may host one or more EJB containers. (Sun) See also
EJB container.
electronic data interchange
The exchange of structured electronic data between computer
systems according to predefined message standards.
element
1. In markup languages, a basic unit consisting of a
start tag, end tag, associated attributes and their values, and any
text that is contained between the two.
2. A named piece of
information, or a field, within a message, that has a business meaning
agreed by the applications that create and process the message.
See
also
complex element,
simple element.
3. A component of a document,
such as an EDI, XML, or ROD record. An element can be a simple element
or a compound element.
4. In Java development tools, a generic
term that can refer to packages, classes, types, interfaces, methods,
or fields.
emitter factory
A type of factory that handles the details of event transmission
such as the event server location, the filter settings, or the underlying
transmission mechanism.
empty activity
An activity with no defined implementation that can be used
as a place holder in the design stage.
emulator
A facility of the integration test client that enables the
emulation of components and references during module testing. Emulators
are either manual or programmatic. See also
manual
emulator,
programmatic emulator.
endian
An attribute of data that describes whether it is stored
in computer memory or transmitted with the most significant byte first
or last.
end node
A visual marker within a process that identifies where a
particular flow ends. Other concurrent flows within the same process
will still continue executing.
endpoint
1. The system that is the origin or destination of a
session.
2. A JCA application or other client consumer of an
event from the enterprise information system.
endpoint listener
The point or address at which incoming messages for a Web
service are received by a service integration bus.
end-to-end privacy
The process of securing data from a source adapter process,
through the WebSphere InterChange Server, to the destination adapter
process, ensuring authentication, integrity, and privacy.
enrollment
1. The process of entering and saving user or user group
information in a portal.
2. An entitlement for an organization
to subscribe to a business service.
enterprise application project
A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain
a deployment descriptor and IBM extension document as well as files
that are common to all Java EE modules that are defined in the deployment
descriptor.
enterprise archive
A specialized type of JAR file, defined by the Java EE standard,
used to deploy Java EE applications to Java EE application servers.
An EAR file contains EJB components, a deployment descriptor, and
Web archive (WAR) files for individual Web applications. See also
Web archive,
Java archive.
enterprise bean
A component that implements a business task or business
entity and resides in an EJB container. Entity beans, session beans,
and message-driven beans are all enterprise beans. (Sun) See also
bean.
Enterprise Information Portal
Software developed by IBM that provides tools for advanced
searching, and content customization and summarization.
enterprise information system
The applications that comprise an enterprise's existing
system for handling company-wide information. An enterprise information
system offers a well-defined set of services that are exposed as local
or remote interfaces or both. (Sun) See also
resource
adapter.
Enterprise JavaBeans
A component architecture defined by Sun Microsystems for
the development and deployment of object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level
applications (Java EE).
Enterprise Metadata Discovery
A specification that allows you to examine an Enterprise
Information System (EIS) and get details of business object data structures
and APIs. An EMD stores the definitions as XML Schemas by default,
and builds components that can access the EIS.
enterprise service
A service that typically accesses one or more enterprise
information systems (EIS).
enterprise service bus
A flexible connectivity infrastructure for integrating applications
and services; it offers a flexible and manageable approach to service-oriented
architecture implementation.
entity
In markup languages such as XML, a collection of characters
that can be referenced as a unit, for example to incorporate often-repeated
text or special characters within a document.
entity bean
In EJB programming, an enterprise bean that represents persistent
data maintained in a database. Each entity bean carries its own identity.
(Sun) See also
session bean.
entry breakpoint
A breakpoint set on a component element that is hit before
the component element is invoked.
envelope
A control structure containing documents.
environment
1. A named collection of logical and physical resources
used to support the performance of a function.
2. A structure
within the message tree that is user-defined, and that can contain
variable information that is associated with a message while it is
being processed by a message flow.
environment variable
A variable that specifies how an operating system or another
program runs, or the devices that the operating system recognizes.
error
A discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured
value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct
value or condition.
error log stream
A continuous flow of error information that is transmitted
using a predefined format.
ESB server
An application server that provides the execution environment
for mediation modules in addition to application programs.
escalation
A course of action that runs when a task is not completed
satisfactorily within a specific period of time.
ESI processor
A processor that supports fragment caching and fragment
assembly into full pages.
ESQL data type
A characteristic of an item of data that determines how
that data is processed. ESQL supports six data types (Boolean, datetime,
null, numeric, reference, and string). Data that is retrieved from
a database or is defined in a message model is mapped to one of these
basic ESQL types when it is processed in ESQL expressions.
ESQL field reference
A sequence of values, separated by periods, that identify
a specific field (which might be a structure) within a message tree
or a database table. An example of a field reference is Body.Invoice.InvoiceNo.
ESQL function
A single ESQL expression that calculates a resultant value
from a number of given input values. The function can take input parameters
but has no output parameters; it returns to the caller the value that
results from the implementation of the expression. The ESQL expression
can be a compound expression, such as BEGIN END.
ESQL module
A sequence of declarations that define MODULE-scope variables
and their initialization, and a sequence of subroutine (function and
procedure) declarations that define a specific behavior for a message
flow node. A module must begin with the CREATE node_type MODULE statement
and end with an END MODULE statement. The node_type must be one of
COMPUTE, DATABASE, or FILTER. The entry point of the ESQL code is
the MODULE scope procedure named MAIN.
ESQL procedure
A subroutine that has no return value. It can accept input
parameters from and return output parameters to the caller.
ESQL variable
A local temporary field that is used to assist in the processing
of a message.
event
1. An occurrence of significance to a task or system.
Events can include completion or failure of an operation, a user action,
or the change in state of a process.
See also
resource
model,
receiver.
2. A change
to an application entity that triggers a business object. This business
object, which contains data and a verb, becomes an event in the WebSphere
business integration system.
See also
application
event.
3. A change to data in an enterprise information system
(EIS) that is processed by the adapter and used to deliver business
objects from the EIS to the endpoints (applications) that need to
be notified of the change.
4. A change to a state, such as the
completion or failure of an operation, business process, or human
task, that can trigger a subsequent action, such as persisting the
event data to a data repository or invoking another business process.
event access interface
A Java EE stateless session bean that provides methods for
querying historical events from the event server.
event catalog
A repository of event metadata used by applications to retrieve
information about classes of events and their permitted content.
event catalog application
An application that stores or retrieves event metadata in
the event catalog, such as a management or development tool, or an
event source or event consumer.
event correlation sphere
The scope of an ECSEmitter method that allows an event consumer
to correlate events. Each event includes the identifier of the correlation
sphere to which it belongs and the identifier of its parent correlation
sphere from the event hierarchy.
event database
A database in which events that can be monitored are stored,
and which is required to support the persistence of those events.
event definition
A description of event classes and their allowed content,
which is stored by the event catalog.
event delivery
The action of delivering an event (by a connector) to InterChange
Server.
event detection mechanism
The mechanism or processes that identify that an application
event was generated. For example, some application connectors use
database triggers to detect events. See also
event
detection,
event notification.
event-driven translation
A translation automatically triggered by the receipt of
a document.
event emitter
A component of the Common Event Infrastructure that receives
events from event sources, completes and validates the events, and
then sends events to the event server based on filter criteria. See
also
Common Event Infrastructure,
event source.
event factory
An object that returns new instances of either the CommonBaseEvent
element or of the specialized classes representing complex property
data types.
event flow
A visual representation of the event processing that will
take place when the application is run.
event group
1. A container for inbound events that enables the user
to group events without the overhead of creating a new monitoring
context. Event groups are purely a visual construct and are not represented
in the monitor model.
2. A set of criteria that is applied to
events to identify a subset of those events. The criteria include
constraints expressions that define the filter conditions.
event isolation
A feature of InterChange Server that ensures that when multiple
collaborations process events containing the same business object
instance, the events are processed sequentially in the order received.
InterChange Server does not automatically perform event isolation.
The collaboration developer must design templates to take advantage
of this feature. See also
collaboration-object
group,
port matching.
event listener
A type of asynchronous bean that serves as a notification
mechanism and through which Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java
EE) components within a single application can notify each other about
various asynchronous events.
event management service
A service of InterChange Server that persistently stores
events until collaborations are finished using them. This service
ensures that InterChange Server and collaborations can recover from
crashes without losing events.
event management table
One of three types of database tables in the InterChange
Server repository, the event management tables store business objects
that are currently being processed.
event model
The part of the monitor model that contains references to
all of the elements of the event definitions used in the monitor model.
event notification mechanism
The mechanism or processes that notify the connector that
an application event was generated. The event notification mechanism
includes all of the subprocesses of event polling. See also
event detection,
event
notification.
event object
1. An object that captures information about an event
that has occurred in a system application and then passes the event
object to the event infrastructure, where it is published to event
subscribers or stored in a database for later retrieval. The event
object describes an event type, indicates when the application generated
the event, and identifies properties relevant to the event.
2.
An abstraction of the fields in the event definition.
event packet
The set of data that is passed in an event from an external
system to the event processing server (runtime server) using the technology
connectors. See also
connector packet,
action packet.
event part
An XML Schema Definition (XSD) type that provides information
about the structure of part of an event. A single event definition
can have different event parts that are defined by different XML schemas.
event polling
The process by which a connector retrieves application events.
Event polling consists of requesting and retrieving events from the
event table and passing them to the connector for further processing.
In most cases, the processed event or the status of the event is returned
to the application. You can customize how the connector polls for
event, including setting specific times and frequency. See also
event request.
event queue
An ordered list of events.
event record
A temporary record of an application, which is stored in
cache until the connector picks it up for processing. See also
event store.
event retrieval
The process of polling and retrieving events from the repository
event store. When a connector initially receives an event from the
event store, it sends a request business object with only key data
back to the application to retrieve the full-valued business object.
The data is then passed back to the polling mechanism for further
processing. See also
event polling.
event sequencing
A feature of InterChange Server that ensures that when multiple
threads of the same collaboration process events contain the same
business object instance, the events are processed sequentially in
the order received. InterChange Server automatically performs event
sequencing. The collaboration developer does not have to design steps
to take advantage of this feature.
event source
An object that supports an asynchronous notification server
within a single Java virtual machine. Using an event source, the event
listener object can be registered and used to implement any interface.
event store
A persistent cache where event records are saved until a
polling adapter can process them. See also
event
record,
event table.
event table
A table that is created in an application and that stores
an event record. This table is created as part of the installation
and configuration of a connector. Not all connectors use an event
table. See also
event store.
event trigger
The mechanism or processes that detect an application event
and generate an event from it. Typically, an event trigger adds an
entry to an event table for delivery to the connector. The event trigger
is part of the event notification process. See also
event detection,
event
notification.
event-triggered flow
A data flow triggered by an event that the collaboration
receives from a connector controller. A connector initiates an event-triggered
flow.
exception
A condition or event that cannot be handled by a normal
process.
exception handler
A set of routines that responds to an abnormal condition.
An exception handler is able to interrupt and to resume the normal
running of processes.
exception list
A list of exceptions, with supporting information, that
has been generated during the processing of a message.
exception queue
A queue to which messages associated with certain exceptional
conditions, such as errors, are routed.
exception report
A WebSphere MQ report message type that is created by a
message channel agent when a message is sent to another queue manager,
but that message cannot be delivered to the specified destination
queue.
exception transition link
In a collaboration template's activity diagram, the line
that represents the path between a node for an action, subactivity,
or iterator that encountered an exception and the next node. See also
normal transition link,
transition
link.
execution group
A named process or set of processes within a broker in which
message flows are executed. The broker is guaranteed to enforce some
degree of isolation between message flows in distinct execution groups
by ensuring that they execute in separate address spaces, or as unique
processes.
execution trace
A chain of events that is recorded and displayed in a hierarchal
format on the Events page of the integration test client.
exit breakpoint
A breakpoint set on a component element that is hit after
the component element is invoked.
exit condition
A Boolean expression that controls when processing at a
process node is completed.
export
An exposed interface from a Service Component Architecture
(SCA) module that offers a business service to the outside world.
An export has a binding that defines how the service can be accessed
by service requesters, for example, as a Web service.
export file
1. The file containing data that has been exported.
2.
A file created during the development process for inbound operations
that contains the configuration settings for inbound processing.
expression
An SQL or XQuery operand or a collection of SQL or XQuery
operators and operands that yields a single value.
extended common service area
A major element of z/OS virtual storage above the 16MB line.
This area contains pageable system data areas that are addressable
by all active virtual storage address spaces. It duplicates the common
system area (CSA) which exists below the 16MB line.
extended data element
An application-specific element that contains information
relevant to an event.
extended deployment
The software that monitors network efficiency and distributes
unexpected workloads.
extended messaging
A function of asynchronous messaging where the application
server manages the messaging infrastructure and extra standard types
of messaging beans are provided to add functionality to that provided
by message-driven beans.
extended SQL
A specialized set of SQL functions and statements that are
based on regular SQL, and extended with functions and statements that
are unique to WebSphere Message Broker.
Extensible Access Control Markup Language
A language used to express policies and rules for controlling
access to information.
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
A reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML. XHTML
is a family of current and future DTDs and modules that reproduce,
subset, and extend HTML.
Extensible Markup Language
A standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that
is based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
Extensible Stylesheet Language
A language for specifying style sheets for XML documents.
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) is used with
XSL to describe how an XML document is transformed into another document.
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation
An XML processing language that is used to convert an XML
document into another document in XML, PDF, HTML, or other format.
extension
1. A class of objects designated by a specific term or
concept; denotation.
2. An element or function not included
in the standard language.
3. In Eclipse, the mechanism that
a plug-in uses to extend the platform.
See also
extension point.
extension point
In Eclipse, the specification that defines what attributes
and values must be declared by an extension. See also
extension.
external command
A command that causes the command-line interface (CLI) to
generate a message and send it to a service to be processed.
external partner
A trading community participant that sends business documents
to and receives business documents from the internal partner. See
also
trading partner.
external security manager
A security product that performs security checking on users
and resources. RACF is an example of an ESM.
extract, transform, and load
The process of collecting data from one or more sources,
cleansing and transforming it, and then loading it into a database.
I
IBM content partner
IBM partner that provides syndicated content for portals.
IBM Runtime Environment for Java
A subset of the IBM Developer Kit for the Java Platform
that contains the core executable files and other files that constitute
the standard Java platform. The IBM Runtime Environment includes the
Java virtual machine (JVM), core classes, and supporting files.
IBM Software Developer Kit for Java
A software package that can be used to write, compile, debug,
and run Java applets and applications.
IBM WebSphere InterChange Server Access
A collection of WebSphere business integration components,
including Server Access Interface and data handlers, that enable the
WebSphere business integration system to receive calls from external
processes.
identifier
1. In the 3270 terminal services development tool, a
field on a screen definition that uniquely identifies the state of
the screen. Users can choose which fields will be identifiers when
creating recognition profiles.
2. The name of an item in a program
written in the Java language.
identity
The data that represents a person and that is stored in
one or more repositories.
identity assertion
The invocation credential that is asserted to the downstream
server. This credential can be set as the originating client identity,
the server identity, or another specified identity, depending on the
RunAs mode for the enterprise bean.
identity relationship
The association between business objects or other data on
a one-to-one basis. Each participant in the relationship is associated
with a business object that has a value (or combination of values)
that uniquely identifies the object. Identity relationships typically
transform the key attributes of business objects, such as ID numbers
and product codes.
identity token
A token that contains the invocation credential identity,
which with the client authentication token are required by the receiving
server to accept the asserted identity.
IDoc parser
A program that interprets a message that belongs to the
IDoc domain and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream
on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output.
if-then rule
A rule in which the action (then part) is performed only
when the condition (if part) is true. See also
rule
set,
action rule.
i-mode
An Internet service for wireless devices.
import
1. The point at which an SCA module accesses an external
service, (a service outside the SCA module) as if it was local. An
import defines interactions between the SCA module and the service
provider. An import has a binding and one or more interfaces.
2.
A development artifact that imports a service that is external to
a module.
See also
import file.
import file
A file created during the development process for outbound
operations that contains the configuration settings for outbound processing.
See also
import.
IMS command
A request from a terminal or AO (automated operator) to
perform a specific IMS service, such as altering system resource status
or displaying specific system information.
IMS connect
The product that runs on an MVS, OS/390, or z/OS platform
and through which IMS Connector for Java communicates with IMS. IMS
Connect uses OTMA to communicate with IMS. See also
Open Transaction Manager Access.
IMS conversation
1. A dialog between a terminal and a message processing
program using IMS conversational processing facilities.
See also
conversational processing.
2. In IMS Connector
for Java, the dialog between a Java client program and a message processing
program.
IMS transaction
A specific set of input data that triggers the execution
of a specific process or job. A transaction is a message destined
for an IMS application program.
IMS transaction code
A 1- to 8-character alphanumeric code that invokes an IMS
message processing program.
inbound authentication
The configuration that determines the type of accepted authentication
for inbound requests.
inbound event
A declaration that a monitoring context or KPI context will
accept a specific event at run time.
inbound map
A map that transforms a generic business object into an
application-specific business object.
inbound port
A type of port that takes a message that is received at
an endpoint listener and passes it to the service integration bus
for forwarding to the appropriate inbound service.
inbound processing
The process by which changes to business information in
an enterprise information system (EIS) are detected, processed, and
delivered to a run time by a JCA Adapter. An adapter may detect EIS
changes by polling an event table or by using an event listener.
inbound service
The external interface for a service that is provided by
your own organization and hosted in a location that is directly available
through the service destination.
inbound transport
Network ports in which a server listens for incoming requests.
Incoming Application Message Store
A message store, implemented as the database table DNF_IAMS,
in which messages received from remote applications (OSN messages)
are stored.
incremental build
In Eclipse, a build in which only resources that have changed
since the last build are considered. See also
full
build.
individual resource
A single resource that can be uniquely identified, such
as a person or computer. Individual resources are used when a specific
resource must be allocated to a task. For example, the Mary Smith
resource must perform the Approve Payment task.
information center
A collection of information that provides support for users
of one or more products, can be launched separately from the product,
and includes a list of topics for navigation and a search engine.
Information Management System
Any of several system environments available with a database
manager and transaction processing that are capable of managing complex
databases and terminal networks.
inheritance
An object-oriented programming technique in which existing
classes are used as a basis for creating other classes. Through inheritance,
more specific elements incorporate the structure and behavior of more
general elements.
initial CDD
A customization definition document (CDD) to which placeholders
have not yet been added.
initial context
Starting point in a namespace.
initialization point
A user-defined constant or variable used to initialize the
attributes of an object.
initial reference
A well-known reference associated with an identifier.
inline schema
An XML schema in a Web Service Definition Language file
(.wsdl).
inline task
In the human task editor, a unit of work that is defined
within an implementation of a business process. See also
human task,
stand-alone
task.
input
An entry point through which an element is notified that
it can start, typically because an upstream element, on which it depends,
has completed. If the element has all of its required input, then
it will start.
input activity
The origin of the process that is the source of the invocation
data of the entire process.
input branch
The area of a decision, fork, join, or merge that contains
the inputs.
input criteria
Number and types of inputs required to start a task or process.
input node
1. A message flow node that represents a source of messages
for a message flow or subflow.
See also
output
node.
2. The point where a service message from a source
enters the request flow.
input response node
The end point for a mediation response flow from which the
service message object is sent to the source.
input terminal node
A primitive through which a message is received by a subflow.
Each input terminal node is represented as an input terminal of the
corresponding subflow node.
installation directory
In a z/OS environment, a file system into which all product
data is installed, and from which it is referenced and retrieved during
the customization phase.
installation package
An entity that Centralized Installation Manager (CIM) transfers
from the repository and installs on the installation targets.
installation target
The system on which selected installation packages are installed.
instance
1. A specific occurrence of an object that belongs to
a class.
See also
object.
2. A
set of servers that share a common runtime database, plus their corresponding
brokers and queue managers.
instance document
An XML document that conforms to a particular schema.
instance metric
A metric that returns the result, such as the amount of
an order, from one run of the process.
instantiate
To represent an abstraction with a concrete instance.
integrated development environment
A set of software development tools, such as source editors,
compilers, and debuggers, that are accessible from a single user interface.
integration broker
A component that integrates data among heterogeneous applications.
An integration broker typically provides various services that can
route data, as well as a repository of rules that govern the integration
process, connectivity to various applications, and administrative
capabilities that facilitate integration.
interaction
A definition that explains what the target document should
be. An interaction consists of the source document, target document,
action, and a transformation map.
interaction block
A piece of business logic that is evaluated by the runtime
server when an event is received.
interaction endpoint
A service requester or provider.
interaction pattern
A communication method for sending or receiving messages
in a service interaction. Examples of interaction patterns include
request/reply, one-way interaction, and publish/subscribe.
interaction set
A group of interaction blocks that provide complex business
logic against which events are evaluated by the runtime server.
interactive session
A work session in which there is an exchange of communication
between a 3270 application and the 3270 terminal service recorder.
Interactive System Productivity Facility
An IBM licensed program that serves as a full-screen editor
and dialog manager. Used for writing application programs, it provides
a means of generating standard screen panels and interactive dialogs
between the application programmer and terminal user. See also
Time Sharing Option.
interactive view
In 3270 terminal services, real-time access to a host application
in the 3270 terminal service recorder editor.
interchange
The exchange of information between trading partners. Also
a set of documents grouped together, such as EDI documents enclosed
within an EDI envelope.
InterChange Server
A multi-threaded, Java-based run-time environment that provides
distributed system services and executes the WebSphere business integration
software components. InterChange Server provides a comprehensive set
of technical services, including system management, event management,
repository services, error handling, transaction management, data
transformation, and messaging.
InterChange Server repository
A persistent data store maintained by InterChange Server
consisting of configuration information and definitions of all WebSphere
business integration objects (metadata). The InterChange Server database
contains three types of database tables: repository, event management,
and transaction.
interface
A collection of operations that are used to specify a service
of a class or a component. See also
class,
port type.
Interface Definition Language
In CORBA, a declarative language that is used to describe
object interfaces, without regard to object implementation.
interface map
A map that resolves and reconciles the differences between
the interfaces of interacting components. There are two levels of
interface maps: operation mappings and parameter mappings.
interim fix
A certified fix that is generally available to all customers
between regularly scheduled fix packs, refresh packs, or releases.
See also
fix pack,
refresh
pack.
intermediate CDD
A customization definition document (CDD) to which placeholders
have been added, but for which placeholder values have not yet been
specified.
intermediate object
An abstract representation of the fields that belong to
the event and action definitions.
internal command
A command that is processed directly by and that controls
the command-line interface (CLI).
internal partner
A company that acts as the hub community for its partners.
The internal partner has one administrative user and the manager administrator
who is responsible for the health and maintenance of the internal
partner’s portion of the community.
internal rate of return
The interest rate received for an investment, based on anticipated
expenses and income that will occur at regular periods
internationalized
In national language support, pertaining to a program that
can operate in all language environments without any change to the
program.
Internet Content Adaptation Protocol
A high-level protocol for requesting services from an Internet-based
server.
Internet Control Message Protocol
An Internet protocol that is used by a gateway to communicate
with a source host, for example, to report an error in a datagram.
Internet Engineering Task Force
The task force of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
that is responsible for solving the short-term engineering needs of
the Internet. The IETF consists of numerous working groups, each focused
on a particular problem. Specifications proposed as standards typically
undergo a period of development and review before they are adopted
as standards.
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol
Internet Protocol
A protocol that routes data through a network or interconnected
networks. This protocol acts as an intermediary between the higher
protocol layers and the physical network. See also
Transmission
Control Protocol.
interoperability
The ability of a computer or program to work with other
computers or programs.
Interoperable Naming Service
A program that supports the configuration of the Object
Request Broker (ORB) administratively to return object references.
interoperable object reference
An object reference with which an application can make a
remote method call on a CORBA object. This reference contains all
the information needed to route a message directly to the appropriate
server.
interrupt
A condition that applies to a simulation that causes the
simulation execution to be halted if the condition is met.
in-transit flow
A flow that is created when the server crashes during a
service call transmission in a collaboration configured for Service
Call In-Transit persistence.
introspector
In Java, a class (java.beans.Introspector) that provides
a standard way for tools to learn about the properties, events, and
methods supported by a target bean. Introspectors follow the JavaBeans
specification.
invocation
The activation of a program or procedure.
invocation credential
An identity with which to invoke a downstream method. The
receiving server requires this identity with the sending server identity
to accept the asserted identity.
invoker attribute
An assembly property for a Web module that is used by the
servlet that implements the invocation behavior.
IP sprayer
A device that is located between inbound requests from the
users and the application server nodes that reroutes requests across
nodes.
isolation checking
A feature of InterChange Server that ensures that data revisited
during execution of a transactional collaboration has not changed
its value since the previous visit. The server performs isolation
checking only for a transactional collaboration that has its transaction
level set to Best Effort or Stringent. See also
compensation.
iterator
1. A class or construct that is used to step through
a collection of objects one at a time.
2. In a collaboration
template's activity diagram, a specialized form of subdiagram that
is analogous to a "for" loop and that allows a collaboration to perform
an operation on all the attributes of a business object or on all
the elements of a business object array. Also, the activity diagram
symbol that embeds a reference to a nested diagram that implements
such a looping operation, and the diagram that contains the looping
behavior.
L
label
A node in a portal that cannot contain any content, but
can contain other nodes. Labels are used primarily to group nodes
in the navigation tree.
language code
A two character (ISO 639-1) or three letter (ISO 639-2)
abbreviation for a language. For example: en or eng for English. Country
codes and language codes together form the basis for locale names.
large object
A data type used by databases for large objects.
launch configuration
A mechanism for defining and saving different workbench
configurations that can be launched separately. Configurable options
include run and debug settings.
launchpad
A graphical interface for launching the product installation
wizard.
layout box
In Page Designer, a control that allows Web designers to
position text and images within the page. Layout boxes can be stacked
or aligned using a grid.
layout manager
In programming graphical user interfaces, an object that
controls the size and position of Java components within a container.
The Java platform supplies several commonly used layout managers for
AWT and Swing containers.
lazy authentication
The process whereby the security run time environment obtains
the required authentication data when the Java client accesses a protected
enterprise bean for the first time.
LDAP directory
A type of repository that stores information on people,
organizations, and other resources and that is accessed using the
LDAP protocol. The entries in the repository are organized into a
hierarchical structure, and in some cases the hierarchical structure
reflects the structure or geography of an organization.
library
1. A collection of model elements, including business
items, processes, tasks, resources, and organizations.
2. A
project that is used for the development, version management, and
organization of shared resources. Only a subset of the artifact types
can be created and stored in a library business objects and interfaces.
See
also
project.
life cycle
One complete pass through the four phases of software development:
inception, elaboration, construction and transition.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories
that support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements
of the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example,
LDAP can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources
in an Internet or intranet directory.
Lightweight Third Party Authentication
A protocol that uses cryptography to support security in
a distributed environment.
link
A line or arrow that connects activities in a process. A
link passes information between activities and determines the order
in which they run.
link name
A name defined in the deployment descriptor of the encompassing
application.
link pack area
The portion of virtual storage below 16MB that contains
frequently used modules.
listener
A program that detects incoming requests and starts the
associated channel.
listener port
An object that defines the association between a connection
factory, a destination, and a deployed message-driven bean. Listener
ports simplify the administration of the associations between these
resources.
literal
A symbol or a quantity in a source program that is itself
data, rather than a reference to data.
Literal XML
An encoding style for serializing data over SOAP protocol.
Literal XML is based on an XML schema instance.
loadable implementation library
The implementation module for a node or parser written in
C. This library file is implemented in the same way as a dynamic link
library, but has a file extension of .lil not .dll.
load balancing
The monitoring of application servers and management of
the workload on servers. If one server exceeds its workload, requests
are forwarded to another server with more capacity.
local
1. Pertaining to a device, file, or system that is accessed
directly from a user's system, without the use of a communication
line.
See also
remote.
2. Pertaining
to an element that is available only in its own process.
See also
global.
local authentication
The process of validating a user's identity to the system
according to the local operating system account to which the user
logged in. If the user is authenticated, the user is mapped to a principal.
local database
A database that is located on the workstation in use. See
also
remote database.
locale
A setting that identifies language or geography and determines
formatting conventions such as collation, case conversion, character
classification, the language of messages, date and time representation,
and numeric representation.
local environment
A structure within the message tree that contains broker
and, optionally, user information that is associated with a message
while it is being processed by a message flow. In previous releases,
the local environment structure was known as the Destination List.
local error log
A generic term that refers to the logs to which WebSphere
Business Integration Message Broker writes records on the local system.
local history
Copies of files that are saved in the workbench in order
to compare the current version with previous versions. Subject to
configurable preferences, the workbench updates the local history
each time an editable file is saved.
local home interface
In EJB programming, an interface that specifies the methods
used by local clients for locating, creating, and removing instances
of enterprise bean classes. See also
remote
home interface.
local queue
A queue that belongs to the local queue manager. A local
queue can contain a list of messages waiting to be processed. See
also
remote queue.
local queue manager
The queue manager to which the program is connected and
that provides message queuing services to the program. See also
remote queue manager.
local transaction
A recoverable unit of work managed by a resource manager
and not coordinated by an external transaction manager.
local transaction containment
A bounded scope that is managed by the container to define
the application server behavior in an unspecified transaction context.
location
A particular occurrence or example of a location definition.
If there is a location definition called USA Call Center, an example
of a location would be Toledo Call Center.
location service daemon
A component of the Remote Method Invocation and Internet
Inter-ORB Protocol (RMI/IIOP) communication function that works with
workload management to distribute RMI requests among application servers
in a cell.
logger
A named and stateful object with which the user code interacts
and that logs messages for a specific system or application component.
logging
The recording of data about specific events on the system,
such as errors.
logging level
A value that controls which events are processed by Java
logging.
log handler
A class that uses loggers, levels, and filters to direct
whether events are processed or suppressed.
logical derivation
A derivation from a physical document that can have additional
service description metadata allocated to the derivation. See also
logical model.
logical terminal
In SWIFT, the logical entity through which users send and
receive SWIFT messages. A logical terminal is identified by its LT
name.
logical terminal table
A MERVA table used to define logical terminals, their synonyms,
and other attributes.
logical unit of work
The work that occurs between the start of a transaction
and commit or rollback and between subsequent commit and rollback
actions. This work defines the set of operations that must be considered
part of an integral set.
login binding
A definition of the implementation to provide login information
per authentication methods.
login mapping
A Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) login
configuration that is used to authenticate a security token in a Web
service security header.
long name
The property that specifies the logical name for the server
on the z/OS platform.
long-running process
A process that can come to a complete stop while waiting
for input or instructions. The most common form of this interruption
would be a human interaction or decision.
lookup relationship
The association between data, such as attributes in business
objects. The data can be related on a one-to-one, one-to-many, or
many-to-many basis. Each participant in the relationship is associated
with a simple data type, not a business object. Lookup relationships
typically transform non-key attributes whose values are represented
with codes, such as marital status or currency code. Use a lookup
relationship if the data in the attributes is static, that is, if
new values are not often added or existing values removed.
loop
A sequence of instructions performed repeatedly.
loop ID
A unique code that identifies an EDI loop.
loop repeat
A number indicating the maximum number of times a loop can
be used in succession.
loose coupling
A coupling that supports an extensible software architecture.
LT code
The ninth character of an LT name. For example, the LT code
of the LT name XXXXUSNYA is A.
LT name
A nine-character name of the form BBBBCCLLX, where BBBBCCLL
represents the eight-character bank identifier code (BIC8), and X
represents the logical terminal (LT) code.
M
mail session
A resource collection of protocol providers that authenticate
users and control user access to messaging systems.
maintenance mode
A state of a node or server that an administrator can use
to diagnose, maintain, or tune the node or server without disrupting
incoming traffic in a production environment.
manageability
The ability to manage a resource, or the ability of a resource
to be managed. (OASIS)
manageability capability
A capability associated with one or more management domains.
(OASIS)
manageability capability interface
A Web service interface representing one manageability capability.
(OASIS)
manageability consumer
A user of manageability capabilities associated with one
or more manageable resources. (OASIS)
manageability endpoint
A Web service endpoint associated with and providing access
to a manageable resource. (OASIS)
manageability interface
The composition of one or more manageability capability
interfaces. (OASIS)
manageable resource
A resource capable of supporting one or more standard manageability
capabilities. (OASIS)
Managed Bean
In the Java Management Extensions (JMX) specification, the
Java objects that implement resources and their instrumentation.
managed deployment environment
A set of server components that are used to test and deploy
applications in a controlled environment.
managed environment
An environment where services, such as transaction demarcation,
security, and connections to Enterprise Information Systems (EISs),
are managed on behalf of the running application. Examples of managed
environments are the Web and Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) containers.
managed node
A node that is federated to a deployment manager and contains
a node agent and can contain managed servers. See also
node.
managed resource
An entity that exists in the runtime environment of an IT
system and that can be managed. See also
sensor.
managed server
A server within a managed node, to which SCA modules and
applications can be deployed.
management domain
An area of knowledge relative to providing control over,
and information about the behavior, health and life cycle of manageable
resources.
Management Information Base
In the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), a database
of objects that can be queried or set by a network management system.
mandatory place
A shared place, either a public place or a restricted place,
in which all portal users must be members. Only portal administrators
can designate a shared place to be a mandatory place. Because membership
is automatic and required, portal users cannot join or leave mandatory
places.
manifest
A special file that can contain information about the files
packaged in a JAR file. (Sun)
manual emulator
An emulator that requires users to specify response values
for an emulated component or reference at run time. See also
programmatic emulator,
emulator.
map
1. In the EJB development environment, the specification
of how the container-managed persistent fields of an enterprise bean
correspond to columns in a relational database table or other persistent
storage.
2. An entity that contains the Java code to specify
how to transform attributes from one or more source business objects
to one or more destination business objects. A map either converts
from an application-specific business object to a generic business
object (outbound map) or from a generic business object to an application-specific
business object (inbound map).
3. A file that defines the transformation
between sources and targets.
4. To associate a source to a target
in a message map.
map chaining
The process of producing multiple documents from a single
document by executing several maps to translate the single document.
map control string
An object compiled from a map, which contains the instructions
used by the translator to translate a document from one format to
another.
Map Designer
A WebSphere business integration code-generation tool with
which you create and edit map definitions to define transformations
between source and destination business objects.
mapped expression
In WebSphere Business Events, part of an SQL statement that
is used to retrieve data from a data source for a field in an intermediate
object.
mapping
1. The process of transforming data from one format to
another.
2. A target value expression.
3. The relationship
between fields in different abstractions of event and action objects.
4.
The act of developing and maintaining a map.
mapping cardinality
The granularity of the way that message elements are mapped
from message source to message target. For example, one source element
to one target element, or many source elements to one target element.
mapping specialist
The person responsible for creating data transformation
maps, validation maps, and functional acknowledgment maps using the
Data Interchange Services client.
marker bar
The gray border at the left of the editor area of the workbench,
where bookmarks and breakpoints are shown.
marshal
To convert an object into a data stream for transmission
over a network.
master configuration
The configuration data held in a set of files that form
the master repository for either a deployment manager profile or a
stand-alone profile. For a deployment manager profile, the master
configuration stores the configuration data for all the nodes in the
network deployment cell.
maximum transmission unit
The largest possible unit of data that can be sent on a
given physical medium in a single frame. For example, the maximum
transmission unit for Ethernet is 1500 bytes.
maximum use
A number indicating the maximum number of times a compound
or simple element can repeat.
MBean provider
A library containing an implementation of a Java Management
Extensions (JMX) MBean and its MBean Extensible Markup Language (XML)
descriptor file.
MD5
A type of message algorithm that converts a message of arbitrary
length into a 128-bit message digest. This algorithm is used for digital
signature applications where a large message must be compressed in
a secure manner.
measure
A metric combined with an aggregation type such as average,
count, maximum, minimum, sum, or average.
Media Access Control
In networking, the lower of two sublayers of the Open Systems
Interconnection model data link layer. The MAC sublayer handles access
to shared media, such as whether token passing or contention will
be used.
mediation
An application of service interaction logic to messages
flowing between service requesters and providers.
mediation flow
A sequence of processing steps, or mediation primitives,
that run to produce the mediation when a message is received. See
also
message flow.
mediation flow component
A component that contains one or more mediation primitives
arranged into request and response flows. Rather than performing business
functions, mediation flow components are concerned with the flow of
messages.
mediation framework
A mechanism that supports creation of mediation flows through
the composition of mediation primitives.
mediation module
An SCA module that includes a mediation flow component and
primarily enables communication between applications by changing the
format, content, or target of service requests.
mediation policy
A policy that is held in a registry and is applied to a
Service Component Architecture (SCA) module. The mediation policy
enables mediation flows, which are in the module, to be configured
at run time by using dynamic properties.
mediation policy attachment
An attachment that is a prerequisite for using the mediation
policy and gate conditions on the mediation policy.
mediation primitive
The building blocks of mediation flow components.
mediation service
A service that intercepts and modifies messages that are
passed between client services (requesters) and provider services.
mediation subflow
A preconfigured set of mediation primitives that are wired
together to create a common pattern or use case. Mediation subflows
run in the context of a parent flow, and can be reused in mediation
flows or in subflows.
meet-in-the-middle mapping
An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables
in which enterprise beans and database schema are created simultaneously
but independently.
membership
The state of being a portal user and a place member. Membership
in the portal is controlled by the administrator during the installation
and set up of portal servers. Membership in places is controlled by
a place manager, who determines the level of access for each place
member: participant, place designer, or place manager.
membership policy
A subexpression that is evaluated against the nodes in a
cell to determine which nodes host dynamic cluster instances.
memory leak
The effect of a program that maintains references to objects
that are no longer required and therefore need to be reclaimed.
merge
A process element that recombines multiple processing paths,
usually after a decision. A merge brings several alternative paths
together.
MERVA for ESA
An IBM licensed program that is a message queuing and routing
system that allows a financial institution to process all kinds of
financial messages. Access to the SWIFT Transport Network (STN) is
included as a standard communication link.
message
A set of data that is passed from one application to another.
A message can be modeled by a message definition, which describes
the structure and content of the message. Messages must have a structure
and format that is agreed by the sending and receiving applications.
See also
category.
message body
The part of the message that contains the message payload.
See also
message header.
Message Broker Toolkit
A component that includes Rational components and is based
on the Eclipse platform. This component provides the workbench development
environment.
message category
A group of messages that are logically related within an
application.
message channel
In distributed message queuing, a mechanism for moving messages
from one queue manager to another. A message channel comprises two
message channel agents (a sender at one end and a receiver at the
other end) and a communication link.
message definition
A logical description of a message. A message definition
is a structured collection of simple elements.
message definition file
A file that contains the messages, elements, types, and
groups that make up a message set.
message dictionary
A data structure that describes all the messages in a message
set in a form suitable for deployment to a broker.
message digest
A hash value or a string of bits resulting from the conversion
of processing data to a number.
message domain
A grouping of messages that share certain characteristics.
A message domain has an associated parser that interprets messages
that are received and generated by a broker. WebSphere Business Integration
Message Broker supports messages in the BLOB domain, JMS domain, MRM
domain, and XML domain. User-defined parsers can be used to support
messages that do not conform to the supported domains.
message-driven bean
An enterprise bean that provides asynchronous message support
and clearly separates message and business processing.
message element aggregation
A mapping in which all the repeatable elements in one instance
are mapped to another instance. It is not possible to map the repeatable
elements themselves, only the instances. This aggregation is useful
when mapping all possible inputs to one or more outputs, and can be
used for copying an array, or for assigning a scalar, such as a summation.
message file
A file containing messages sent in bulk through a message
bulking service.
message flow
A sequence of processing steps that execute in the broker
when an input message is received. Message flows are defined in the
workbench by including a number of message flow nodes, each of which
represents a set of actions that define a processing step. The connections
in the flow determine which processing steps are carried out, in which
order, and under which conditions. See also
message
broker,
subflow,
mediation flow.
message flow node
A processing step in a message flow. A message flow node
can be either a built-in node, a user-defined node, or a subflow node.
See also
node.
message flow node connection
An entity that connects the output terminal of one message
flow node to the input terminal of another. A message flow node connection
represents the flow of control and data between two message flow nodes.
Message Format Service
An editing facility that allows application programs to
deal with simple logical messages instead of device-dependent data,
thus simplifying the application development process.
Message Format Service control block
In MFS, the representation of a message or format that is
stored in the IMS.FORMAT library and called into the MFS buffer pool
as needed for online execution.
message header
The part of a message that specifies the sender and receiver
of the message, the message priority, and the type of message. See
also
message body.
message input descriptor
The Message Format Service (MFS) control block that describes
the format of the data presented to the application program. See also
message output descriptor.
message log
A file in which an application logs messages about errors
that occur or metadata about the message.
message model
A definition of a message format that is used by applications.
Message models are defined in the workbench.
message output descriptor
The Message Format Service (MFS) control block that describes
the format of the output data produced by the application program.
See also
message input descriptor.
message parser
A program that interprets the bit stream of an incoming
message and creates an internal representation of the message in a
tree structure, and that regenerates a bit stream for an outgoing
message from the internal representation.
message processing node
1. A node in a message flow that represents a processing
step. A message processing node can be either a primitive or a subflow
node.
See
message flow node.
message processing unit
A message processing unit is used to correlate information
within a message, for example reason or completion information, and
a message text.
message queue
A named destination to which messages can be sent until
they are retrieved by programs that service the queue.
Message Reception Registry
The registry where SWIFT stores the central routing rules.
Each receiver defines its own rules and submits them to SWIFT. SWIFT
uses these rules to determine the destination of message traffic,
that is, to which store and forward queue or to which SWIFTNet Link
it is to route each message.
message reference number
A unique 16-digit number assigned to each message for identification
purposes. The message reference number consists of an 8-digit domain
identifier that is followed by an 8-digit sequence number.
message sequence number
A sequence number for messages.
message set
A container for a logical grouping of messages and associated
message resources (elements, types, and groups). It provides a business
context for a set of messages.
message set project
A specialized container for the resources associated with
one message set.
message template
A named and managed entity that represents the format of
a particular message. Message templates represent a business asset
of an organization.
message transport driver
A component of the IBM WebSphere business integration system
that interacts with the underlying transport protocol to exchange
data between InterChange Server and connectors.
message tree
The logical tree structure that represents the content and
structure of a message in the broker. The message tree is created
by a message parser from the input message received by a message flow.
message type
The logical structure of the data within a message. For
example, the number and location of character strings.
Message Warehouse table
A table in which the Message Warehouse service stores index
and status information about each message processed by services.
messaging engine
A messaging and connection point to which applications
connect to the bus.
metadata-driven connector
A connector that uses the metadata in its business objects
to interact with an application (such as Ariba Buyer) or a data source
(such as a Web servlet). A metadata-driven connector handles each
of its supported business objects based on the metadata encoded in
the business object definition rather than on instructions hard-coded
into the connector.
metadata tree
A list in a tree structure, which is prepared and displayed
by the external service wizard, that presents all of the objects discovered
from the enterprise information system (EIS).
meta search
A search across one or more search engines. A meta search
engine provides a meaningful subset of search functionality through
an abstraction layer that is generic enough to support a wide variety
of search services.
method
In object-oriented programming, an operation that an object
can perform. An object can have many methods. See also
operation.
method extension
An IBM extension to the standard deployment descriptors
for enterprise beans that define transaction isolation methods and
control the delegation of credentials.
method permission
A mapping between one or more security roles and one or
more methods that a member of a role can call.
metric
A holder for information, usually a business performance
measurement, in a monitoring context.
middleware agent
An agent that enables the administrative domain to manage
servers that run middleware software.
middleware descriptor
An XML file that contains information about different middleware
platform types, including discovery sensor intervals and installation
information.
middleware node
A node that is federated to the deployment manager. These
nodes must include nodes that run the node agent or middleware agent.
MIME parser
A program that interprets a message that belongs to the
MIME domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream
on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output.
minimum transaction level
The level of transaction services required for executing
collaboration objects. Specified as a property of a collaboration
template during its development, and of a collaboration object during
its configuration, the transaction level for a collaboration object
cannot be lower than the level specified in its template. See also
compensation,
transaction
level,
transactional collaboration.
model
A representation of a process, system, or subject area,
usually developed for understanding, analyzing, improving, and replacing
the item being represented. A model can include a representation of
information, activities, relationships, and constraints.
modeled fault
A fault message that is returned from a service that has
been modeled on the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) port
type.
model view controller
A software architecture that separates the components of
the application: the model represents the business logic or data;
the view represents the user interface; and the controller manages
user input or, in some cases, the application flow.
module
1. A program unit that is discrete and identifiable with
respect to compiling, combining with other units, and loading.
2.
In Java EE programming, a software unit that consists of one or more
components of the same container type and one deployment descriptor
of that type. Examples include EJB, Web, and application client modules.
(Sun)
See also
project.
3. A software
artifact that is used for developing, managing versions, organizing
resources, and deploying to the runtime environment.
monitor
1. A facility of the integration test client that listens
for requests and responses that flow over the component wires or exports
in the modules of a test configuration.
2. In performance profiling,
to collect data about an application from the running agents that
are associated with that application.
monitor details model
A container for monitoring contexts and their associated
metrics, keys, counters, stopwatches, triggers, and inbound and outbound
events. The monitor details model holds most of the monitor model
information.
monitoring context
A definition that corresponds to an object to be monitored,
such as a process execution, an ATM, a purchase order, or the stock
level in a warehouse. At run time, monitoring contexts process the
events for a particular object.
monitor model
A model that describes the business performance management
aspects of a business model, including events, business metrics, and
key performance indicators (KPIs) that are required for real-time
business monitoring.
mount point
A logical drive through which volumes are accessed in a
sequential access device class. For removable media device types,
such as cartridges, a mount point is a logical drive associated with
a physical drive. For the file device type, a mount point is a logical
drive associated with an I/O stream.
MQRFH
An architected message header that is used to provide metadata
for the processing of a message. This header is supported by MQSeries
Publish/Subscribe SupportPac.
MQRFH2
An extended version of MQRFH, providing enhanced function
in message processing.
MRM parser
A program that interprets a bit stream or tree that represents
a message that belongs to the MRM domain, and generates the corresponding
tree from the bit stream on input, or bit stream from the tree on
output. Its interpretation depends on the physical format that you
have associated with the input or output message.
multidimensional analysis
The process of assessing and evaluating an enterprise on
more than one level.
multilevel wildcard
A wildcard that can be specified in subscriptions to match
any number of levels in a topic.
multipart message
A message that contains one or more other messages within
its structure. The contained message is sometimes referred to as an
embedded message.
multiple configuration instances
More than one instance of a product running in the same
machine at the same time.
multiple-occurrence mapping
A form of mapping in which all occurrences of a repeating
compound or simple element are mapped to the same repeating compound
or simple element in another document.
multiprocess multithread
A process architecture of the IBM HTTP Server that supports
multiple processes as well as multiple threads per process.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
An Internet standard that allows different forms of data,
including video, audio, or binary data, to be attached to e-mail without
requiring translation into ASCII text.
P
package
1. In Java programming, a group of types. Packages are
declared with the package keyword. (Sun)
2. The wrapper around
the document content that defines the format used to transmit a document
over the Internet, for example, RNIF, AS1, and AS2.
3. To assemble
components into modules and modules into enterprise applications.
package group
A group of one or more packages that are designed to work
together and can be installed to one directory.
page
A node in a portal that can contain content in addition
to labels and other pages. Pages can contain child nodes, column containers,
row containers, and portlets.
page list
An assembly property that specifies the location to forward
a request, but automatically tailors that location, depending on the
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions(MIME) type of the servlet.
page template
In Page Designer, a page that is used as a starting point
to define consistent styles and layout for any new HTML or JavaServer
Pages (JSP) page within a Web site.
palette
A range of graphically displayed choices, such as colors
or collections of tools, that can be selected in an application.
parallel garbage collection
A type of garbage collection that uses several threads simultaneously.
parameter
A value or reference passed to a function, command, or program
that serves as input or controls actions. The value is supplied by
a user or by another program or process.
parameter mapping
An interface map that is one level deeper than operation
mappings because it maps the parameters in the source operation to
the parameters in the target operation. There are five types of parameter
mappings: move, map, extract, Java, and assign.
parent document
A document whose values are inherited by another document
(the child document).
parse
To break down a string of information, such as a command
or file, into its constituent parts.
parser
A module used to break down a document into its component
parts and to construct a document from its component parts.
participant
A member of a portal place who can visit and use the place.
By default, all portal users are participants in public places. See
also
place designer,
place
manager.
participant definition
A component of a relationship definition that describes
an entity that participates in the relationship. This entity is either
attributes in a business object or simple data. Participant definitions
are stored in the repository.
participant instance
The runtime instantiation of a participant. The participant
definition is a template for the participant instance.
participant type
A specification of the kind of data associated with instances
of the participant. The participant type is either a business object
or a simple data type (Data).
partitioned data set
A data set on direct access storage that is divided into
partitions, called members, each of which can contain a program, part
of a program, or data. See also
component PDSE.
partitioned data set extended
A system-managed data set that contains an indexed directory
and members that are similar to the directory and members of partitioned
data sets (PDSs). See also
library.
partitioning facility
A programming framework and a system management infrastructure
that supports the concept of partitioning for enterprise beans, HTTP
traffic, and database access.
partner connection
An interaction that has been associated with specific sending
and receiving partners, and also specifies the destinations and other
routing information necessary for an exchange.
partner profile
A profile that includes information about the partner such
as its name, its business identifier, such as a DUNS number, and a
list of user IDs authorized to access the Community Console. See also
Data Universal Numbering System.
part reference
An object that is used by a configuration to reference other
related configuration objects.
passivation
In enterprise beans, the process of transferring an enterprise
bean from memory to secondary storage. (Sun) See also
activation.
PassTicket
In RACF secured sign-on, a dynamically generated, random,
one-time-use, password substitute that a workstation or other client
can use to sign on to the host rather than sending a RACF password
across the network.
path
1. The route through a file system to a specific file.
2.
A route that the flow can take through the activities in a process.
There may be several alternative paths.
path qualified mapping
A form of mapping in which all occurrences of a repeating
compound or simple element are mapped to the same repeating compound
or simple element in another document.
pattern
A reusable description of the design and architecture, which
is used to satisfy defined criteria.
payload
The body of the message that holds the content.
peer access point
A means by which core groups can communicate with other
cells.
people assignment criterion
A property that defines the members of each of the role
groups.
people awareness
The collaboration feature that provides access to people
from various contexts. People awareness lets you see references to
people and contact people by name through the Sametime online status
indicator. Throughout the portal, wherever you see the name of a person,
you can view the person's online status, send e-mail, initiate a chat,
or share an application via an electronic meeting. See also
person link.
Performance Monitoring Infrastructure
A set of packages and libraries assigned to gather, deliver,
process, and display performance data.
Perl-compatible regular expression
A regular expression C library that is much richer than
classic regular expression libraries. See also
regular
expression.
permission
Authorization to perform activities, such as reading and
writing local files, creating network connections, and loading native
code.
persist
To be maintained across session boundaries, usually in nonvolatile
storage such as a database system or a directory.
persistence
1. A characteristic of data that is maintained across
session boundaries, or of an object that continues to exist after
the execution of the program or process that created it, usually in
nonvolatile storage such as a database system.
2. In Java EE,
the protocol for transferring the state of an entity bean between
its instance variables and an underlying database. (Sun)
persistent data store
A nonvolatile storage for event data, such as a database
system, that is maintained across session boundaries and that continues
to exist after the execution of the program or process that created
it.
person
An individual authenticated by the portal and having a person
record in one or more corporate directories. Persons can be members
of places, public groups within the organization's corporate directory,
or personal groups that a user defines. See also
personal
group,
public group.
personal group
In Sametime Connect, a group of people designated by the
user as a group. A user can choose individuals from the public Directory
(public group) and create personal groups, which are then stored locally.
Users can add and remove people from a personal group, whereas the
membership of the public group is defined by the owner of the public
Directory. See also
public group.
personalization
The process of enabling information to be targeted to specific
users based on business rules and user profile information.
person link
A reference to a person's name or a group name that appears
with the Sametime online status indicator. The reference lets you
view the person's online status, send an e-mail, start a chat, or
share an application using an electronic meeting, among other actions
shown on the person link menu. See also
people
awareness.
perspective
A group of views that show various aspects of the resources
in the workbench.
pervasive computing
The use of a computing infrastructure that supports information
appliances from which users can access a broad range of network-based
services, including Internet-based e-commerce services.
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
A widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is
especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML.
physical format
The physical representation of a message within the bit
stream. The supported physical formats are Custom Wire Format, XML
Wire Format, and Tagged/Delimited String Format.
pivot table
A table characterized by having one metric as a column dimension
and all the rest of the metrics represented as row dimensions.
placeholder
A variable that is replaced with a value.
place member
A individual or group who has joined or been granted access
to a place. Place members have three levels of access to a place:
manager, designer, and participant.
place template
A format for use in creating a place. The portal provides
a set of default templates for creating various types of places. Portal
administrators may allow users to create, modify, and delete new templates.
plug-in
A separately installable software module that adds function
to an existing program, application, or interface.
point-to-point
Pertaining to a style of messaging application in which
the sending application knows the destination of the message.
policy
A set of considerations that influence the behavior of a
managed resource or a user. See also
policy
expression.
policy administration point
A capability that provides enterprise service-oriented architecture
(SOA) policy administration capabilities, such as policy creation,
modification, storage, and distribution.
policy-controlled mediation
A mediation that has dynamic properties that are controlled
by mediation policies.
policy decision point
A capability that decides, based on environmental conditions,
which predefined policies in the environment should be enforced. For
example, a policy decision point might use a requester's identity
to determine whether to limit access to a resource.
policy enforcement point
A capability that enforces policy decsions maybe by a policy
decision point. For example, a policy enforcement point would permit
or deny a requester access to a resource depending on what the policy
decision point determined is the correct action.
policy expression
A representation of a policy. See also
policy.
policy set
A collection of assertions about how services are defined,
which can be used to simplify security configurations.
port
1. As defined in a Web Services Description Language
(WSDL) document, a single endpoint that is defined as a combination
of a binding and a network address.
2. The interface between
a collaboration and other objects in the WebSphere business integration
system. It is through a port that a collaboration object binds with
a connector or with another collaboration object.
See also
binding.
portal
A single, secure point of access to diverse information,
applications, and people that can be customized and personalized.
Portal Administration
The place where portal administrators set and maintain basic
collaboration permissions, place records, place membership records,
and server settings for companion products for advanced collaboration.
portal member
An individual or group who has a user record in the portal
directory (LDAP or other directory) and can log in to the portal.
port destination
The specialization of a service integration bus destination.
Each port destination represents a particular message format and transport
protocol that you can use to pass messages to an externally-hosted
service.
portlet
A reusable Web module that runs on a portal server. Portlets
have predefined roles such as retrieving news headlines, searching
a database, or displaying a calendar.
portlet API
The set of interfaces and methods that are used by Java
programs running within the portal server environment to obtain services.
portlet application
A collection of related portlets that can share resources
with one another.
portlet container
A column or row that is used to arrange the layout of a
portlet or other container on a page.
portlet control
A portlet registry setting that renders the outer frame
for a portlet.
portlet framework
The set of classes and interfaces that support Java programs
running within the portal server environment.
portlet mode
A form assumed by a portlet to provide a distinctive interface
for users to perform different tasks. Portlet modes can include view,
edit, and help.
port matching
The process by which InterChange Server determines at runtime
whether to isolate the currently running events. In its analysis,
the server checks whether, among any of the collaborations, the ports
are bound to the same set of connectors. If ports are bound to the
same set of connectors, the server checks whether the ports bound
to the same connector have the same business object type. If they
do, the ports are considered to match and event isolation is required.
See also
event isolation.
port number
In Internet communications, the identifier for a logical
connector between an application entity and the transport service.
port type
An element in a Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
document that comprises a set of abstract operations, each of which
refers to input and output messages that are supported by the Web
service. See also
interface.
possible duplicate flow
A flow that might have been received by the collaboration.
POST
In HTTP, a parameter on the METHOD attribute of the FORM
tag that specifies that a browser will send form data to a server
in an HTTP transaction separate from that of the associated URL.
postcondition
A constraint that must be true at the completion of an operation.
precondition
A definition of what must be true when a task or process
starts.
predicate
A Boolean logic term denoting a logical expression that
determines the state of a variable.
presumed trust
A type of identity assertion where trust is presumed and
additional trust validation is not performed. Use this mode only in
an environment where trust is established with some other mechanism.
primary key
1. In a relational database, a key that uniquely identifies
one row of a database table.
See also
constraint,
foreign key.
2. An object that uniquely
identifies an entity bean of a particular type.
primary server
The server on which all resources that are to be deployed
exactly once per instance or once per organization unit (OU) are deployed.
primitive
A message processing node that cannot be further subdivided.
See also
subflow node.
primitive type
In Java, a category of data type that describes a variable
that contains a single value of the appropriate size and format for
its type: a number, a character, or a Boolean value. Examples of primitive
types include byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.
principal
An entity that can communicate securely with another entity.
A principal is identified by its associated security context, which
defines its access rights.
privacy enhanced mail
A standard for secure email on the Internet.
private business object
1. In XSD, a business object attribute that defines an
anonymous complex type instead of referencing a named complex type.
2.
A business object that is contained within other business objects.
Private business objects are visible only to the containing business
object, thereby making them private.
See also
business
object.
private key
In secure communication, an algorithmic pattern used to
encrypt messages that only the corresponding public key can decrypt.
The private key is also used to decrypt messages that were encrypted
by the corresponding public key. The private key is kept on the user's
system and is protected by a password. See also
key,
public key.
private service bundle
A service bundle that is not explicitly mentioned in the
customization definition document (CDD), but that is included in a
service bundle set and provides resources required by another service
bundle. In a customization definition report, private service bundles
are listed, and their names are followed by the string [private].
probe
A reusable set of Java code fragments and supporting attributes
for collecting detailed runtime information about objects, arguments,
and exceptions. See also
Probekit.
Probekit
A scriptable framework for doing byte-code insertion to
probe the workings of a target program. See also
probe.
process
1. A progressively continuing procedure consisting of
a series of controlled activities that are systematically directed
toward a particular result or end.
2. The sequence of documents
or messages to be exchanged between the Community Managers and participants
to run a business transaction.
process case
A possible path through a process, identified by a unique
set of process decision outcomes and possibly determined by attributes
and values of incoming data.
process definition
A specification of the runtime characteristics of an application
server process.
Process Designer
A modeling and code-generation tool with which you create
and edit collaboration templates to define their business processes
and configurable properties.
process diagram
A diagram that represents the flow of work for a process.
The objects within a process diagram include tasks, processes, connections,
business items, resources, and decisions.
process flow
The representation of interdependencies between activities
in a structured format.
process instance
A manifestation of a modeled process that is created in
a simulated or real environment.
process model
A representation of a real-time business process. A business
process model is composed of the individual steps or activities that
make up the process, contains the conditions that dictate when the
steps or activities occur, and identifies the resources that are required
to run the business process.
process module
A program unit that contains a set of process templates
that support administrative tasks.
profile
Data that describes the characteristics of a user, group,
resource, program, device, or remote location.
programmatic emulator
An emulator that uses a Java or visual snippet to automatically
specify response values for an emulated component or reference at
run time. See also
manual emulator,
emulator.
programmatic login
A type of form login that supports application presentation
site-specific login forms for the purpose of authentication.
programmatic security
A collection of methods used by applications when declarative
security is not sufficient to express the security model of the application.
program temporary fix
For System i, System p, and System z products, a fix that
is tested by IBM and is made available to all customers. See also
fix pack.
project
An organized collection used to group folders or packages.
Projects are used for building, version management, sharing, and organizing
resources related to a single work effort. See also
module,
library.
project versioning
The component that interacts with a CVS or Rational ClearCase
server to share and create version projects and project data.
promoted property
A property of a mediation module made visible by the solution
integrator to the runtime administrator, so that its value can be
changed at run time.
prompt
A component of an action that indicates that user input
is required for a field before making a transition to an output screen.
property
1. A characteristic of an object that describes the object.
A property can be changed or modified. Properties can describe an
object's name, type, value, or behavior, among other things.
2.
Any configurable information about a WebSphere business integration
component. A component typically has properties that are common to
all components of that type (for example, standard connector properties)
as well as properties that are specific to that component (for example,
connector-specific properties).
See also
business
object property,
collaboration property,
standard property.
protocol binding
A binding that enables the enterprise service bus to process
messages independently of the communication protocol.
protocol handler
In the WebSphere business integration system, protocol handlers
receive and send messages in specific communication protocols--such
as HTTP and HTTPS--and call data handlers to extract the data contained
in the messages.
proxy
An application gateway from one network to another for a
specific network application such as Telnet or FTP, for example, where
a firewall's proxy Telnet server performs authentication of the user
and then lets the traffic flow through the proxy as if it were not
there. Function is performed in the firewall and not in the client
workstation, causing more load in the firewall.
proxy cluster
A group of proxy servers that distributes HTTP requests
across the cluster.
proxy peer access point
A means of identifying the communication settings for a
peer access point that cannot be accessed directly.
proxy server
1. A server that receives requests intended for another
server and that acts on the client's behalf (as the client's proxy)
to obtain the requested service. A proxy server is often used when
the client and the server are incompatible for direct connection.
For example, the client is unable to meet the security authentication
requirements of the server but should be permitted some services.
2.
A server that acts as an intermediary for HTTP Web requests that are
hosted by an application or a Web server. A proxy server acts as a
surrogate for the content servers in the enterprise.
pseudo attribute
An attribute that cannot have a value, and is used to indicate
a binary state, such as yes/no or on/off. For example, the attribute
local might be present for some resources and absent for others, indicating
whether the resource is local. Pseudo attributes are especially useful
for implementing access rights, such as read, update, or delete. See
also
real attribute.
public
1. In object-oriented programming, pertaining to a class
member that is accessible to all classes.
2. In the Java programming
language, pertains to a method or variable that can be accessed by
elements residing in other classes. (Sun)
publication
A piece of information about a specified topic that is available
to a broker in a publish/subscribe system.
publication node
An end point of a specific path through a message flow to
which a client application subscribes, identified to the client by
its subscription point.
public group
A group of individuals, known to all portal users, that
the administrator has created or that exists in the organization's
corporate directory. Only administrators can modify and manage public
groups. See also
personal group,
person.
public key
In secure communication, an algorithmic pattern used to
decrypt messages that were encrypted by the corresponding private
key. A public key is also used to encrypt messages that can be decrypted
only by the corresponding private key. Users broadcast their public
keys to everyone with whom they must exchange encrypted messages.
See also
key,
private
key.
public key algorithm
An algorithm designed so that the key used for encryption
is different from the key used for decryption. The decryption key
cannot be derived, at least not in any reasonable amount of time,
from the encryption key.
public key cryptography
A cryptography system that uses two keys: a public key known
to everyone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient
of the message. The public and private keys are related in such a
way that only the public key can be used to encrypt messages and only
the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt them.
Public Key Cryptography Standards
A set of industry-standard protocols used for secure information
exchange on the Internet. Domino Certificate Authority and Server
Certificate Administration applications can accept certificates in
PKCS format.
public key infrastructure
A system of digital certificates, certification authorities,
and other registration authorities that verify and authenticate the
validity of each party involved in a network transaction. See also
public key,
SWIFTNet
public key infrastructure.
public place
A shared place that is open to all portal users. The person
who creates the place (and who automatically becomes the place manager)
designates it as a public place during place creation. See also
restricted place.
public switched telephone network
A communications common carrier network that provides voice
and data communications services over switched lines.
publish
1. To make a Web site public, for example by putting
files in a path known to the HTTP server.
2. In UDDI, to advertise
a Web service so that other businesses can find it and bind with it.
Service providers publish the availability of their services through
a registry.
publish-and-subscribe interaction
A type of interaction used for moving information about
application events into the WebSphere business integration system
for processing. Collaborations subscribe to events, and connectors
publish events to subscribed collaborations.
publisher
An application that makes information about a specified
topic available to a broker in a publish/subscribe system.
publish/subscribe
A type of messaging interaction in which information, provided
by publishing applications, is delivered by an infrastructure to all
subscribing applications that have expressed interest in that type
of information.
publish/subscribe topology
The brokers, the collectives, and the connections between
them, that support publish/subscribe applications in the broker domain.
R
rapid deployment tool
One of a set of tools to rapidly develop and deploy J2EE
artifacts on the server and package the J2EE artifacts into the deployed
EAR file.
Rational Unified Process
A configurable software development process platform that
is used to assign and manage tasks and responsibilities within a development
organization.
realize
In the Web diagram editor, to associate a node with an actual
resource by creating that resource or by editing the node's path so
that it points to an existing resource. See also
unrealized.
realm
A collection of resource managers that honor a common set
of user credentials and authorizations.
realm name
The machine name of a user registry.
receiver
A component that accepts documents from external partners
and from back end applications and stores them in a file system for
the Document Manager to process. Specifically, it receives a document
over a supported transport protocol, writes the document and metadata
relating to the document to the shared file system, records any transport-specific
data to the metadata file, and completes any transport-specific technical
acknowledgment.
receiver bean
In extended messaging, a message-driven bean or a session
bean. A message-driven bean is invoked when a message arrives at a
JMS destination for which a listener is active. A session bean polls
a JMS destination until a message arrives, gets the parsed message
as an object, and can use methods to retrieve the message data.
recognition profile
In the 3270 Terminal Services tool, a list of the identifiers
that uniquely identify the state of a screen, that is, the set of
conditions that apply to the screen at the time the screen was imported
from the host. Each screen state needs to be uniquely defined in its
own recognition profile.
recognition table
In the 3270 terminal services development tool, the table
that appears in the screen editor and provides a screen definition
view and a recognition profile view of the screen that was imported.
record ID information object
A Data Interchange Services object that contains control
information for ROD document definitions. It identifies the type of
ROD document definition being used and where the record ID, if any,
is located in the records associated with the document definition.
record oriented data
The type of document definition used to describe proprietary
document formats. One of the supported document syntax types.
record oriented data dictionary
A logical grouping of related ROD document definition components.
record oriented data document definition
A description or layout of a proprietary document, comprising
loops, records, structures, and fields.
record oriented data field
A single item of data, such as a purchase order number,
in a record oriented data (ROD) document definition. A ROD field corresponds
to an EDI data element in an EDI document definition.
record oriented data loop
A group of consecutive records and loops that repeat together
in a ROD document definition.
record oriented data record
A group of logically related fields set up as a record in
a ROD document definition.
record oriented data structure
A group of related fields in a ROD document definition,
such as the fields making up the line item of an invoice. The record
oriented data (ROD) structure corresponds to an EDI composite data
element in an EDI document definition.
recurring wait time trigger
A trigger that is evaluated based on a period of time. For
example, a recurring wait time trigger can be evaluated every 30 minutes
and fire if it detects that a specific business situation has occurred.
recursion
A programming technique in which a program or routine calls
itself to perform successive steps in an operation, with each step
using the output of the preceding step.
reentrance
A situation where a thread of control attempts to enter
a bean instance again.
refactor
To make changes across a set of artifacts without changing
the behavior of the application or its relationships to other elements.
reference
Logical names defined in the application deployment descriptor
that are used to locate external resources for enterprise applications.
At deployment, the references are bound to the physical location of
the resource in the target operational environment.
reference binding
A binding that maps a logical name (a reference) to a JNDI
name.
referenced type
An object that is referred to by a source object. See also
associated type.
reference-valued business object
referential integrity
1. The condition that exists when all intended references
from data in one column of a table to data in another column of the
same or a different table are valid.
2. In Extensible Markup
Language (XML) tools, the condition that exists when all references
to items in the XML schema editor or DTD editor are automatically
cleaned up when the schema is detected or renamed.
region
A contiguous area of virtual storage that has common characteristics
and that can be shared between processes.
registry
A repository that contains access and configuration information
for users, systems, hardware, and software.
relationship
An association between two or more data entities in the
WebSphere business integration system. Most often, these entities
are business objects. Relationships are used to transform data that
is equivalent across business objects but is represented differently.
relationship definition
An entity that identifies each participant and specifies
how the participants are related. Relationship definitions are stored
in the repository.
Relationship Designer
A code-generation tool with which you create and edit relationship
definitions to define identity and lookup relationships between attributes
of source and destination business objects. Relationship Designer
also allows you to create and edit participant definitions, which
define the attributes that participate in the relationship.
relationship instance
The runtime instantiation of the relationship. The relationship
definition is a template for the relationship instance.
relationship instance ID
An integer identifier that is unique for each relationship
instance. The WebSphere business integration system assigns relationship
instance IDs to relationship instances. This instance ID allows the
WebSphere business integration system to correlate the participant
values. In general, given any participant in a relationship, you can
retrieve the data for any other participant in the relationship by
specifying the relationship instance ID.
relationship management application
An application used to manage authorizations. Among other
things, it converts bootstrap authorizations created by WebSphere
BI for FN into the RMA authorizations required to satisfy FIN PV03.
Relationship Management Data Store
A set of database tables in which WebSphere BI for FN stores
data about bootstrap and relationship management application (RMA)
authorizations.
relationship manager
A tool for creating and manipulating relationship and role
data at run time.
relationship role
In EJB programming, a traversal of the relationship between
two entity beans in one direction or the other. Each relationship
that is coded in the deployment descriptor defines two roles.
relationship service
A service used to model and maintain relationships across
business objects and other data
relationship table
A database table that holds the relationship runtime data
for one participant in a relationship. InterChange Server stores relationship
instances in relationship tables, with one table (sometimes called
a participant table) storing information for one participant in the
relationship.
release
To send changed files from the workbench to the team server
so that other developers on the team can catch up (synchronize) with
the updated version.
release character
The character that indicates that a separator or delimiter
is to be used as text data instead of as a separator or delimiter.
The release character must immediately precede the delimiter.
remote
Pertaining to a system, program, or device that is accessed
through a communication line.
remote authentication dial-in user service
An authentication and accounting system that uses access
servers to provide centralized management of access to large networks.
remote database
A database to which a connection is made by using a database
link, while connected to a local database. See also
local database.
remote file system
A file system residing on a separate server or operating
system.
remote file transfer instance
A file that contains information about the method used for
remotely transferring a file.
remote home interface
In enterprise beans, an interface that specifies the methods
used by remote clients for locating, creating, and removing instances
of enterprise bean classes. See also
local
home interface.
remote interface
In EJB programming, an interface that defines the business
methods that can be called by a client. See also
home
interface.
Remote Method Invocation
A protocol that is used to communicate method invocations
over a network. Java Remote Method Invocation is a distributed object
model in which the methods of remote objects written in the Java programming
language can be invoked from other Java virtual machines, possibly
on different hosts. See also
remote method.
Remote Method Invocation over Internet InterORB Protocol
Part of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) model
that developers can use to program in the Java language to work with
RMI interfaces, but use IIOP as the underlying transport.
Remote OSE
A transport mechanism that is based on the Open Servlet
Engine (OSE) protocol and is used to communicate between two separate
machines in the application server environment.
Remote Procedure Call
A protocol that allows a program on a client computer to
run a program on a server.
remote product installation
A product installation onto a remote workstation that has
a pre-installed operating system.
remote queue
A queue that belongs to a remote queue manager. Programs
can put messages on remote queues, but they cannot get messages from
remote queues. See also
local queue.
remote queue manager
A queue manager to which a program is not connected, even
if it is running on the same system as the program. See also
local queue manager.
remove method
In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface
and invoked by a client to destroy an enterprise bean.
repeating data element
An EDI data element or EDI composite data element that occurs
more than once consecutively in an EDI segment.
repertoire
Configuration information that contains the details necessary
for building a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection.
replication
1. The process of maintaining a defined set of data in
more than one location. Replication involves copying designated changes
for one location (a source) to another (a target) and synchronizing
the data in both locations.
2. The process of copying objects
from one node in a cluster to one or more other nodes in the cluster,
which makes the objects on all the systems identical.
replication entry
A runtime component that handles the transfer of internal
data.
reply-to queue
The name of a queue to which the program that issued an
MQPUT call wants a reply message or report message sent.
report
A formatted presentation of information relating to a model
or to process simulation results. Reports can be viewed online, printed,
or exported to a variety of file formats.
report container
A group of settings that define the overall presentation
of a report, including page dimensions and orientation, margin sizes,
and options for displaying title, author, and summary information.
report message
A type of message that gives information about another message.
A report message can indicate that a message has been delivered, has
arrived at its destination, has expired, or could not be processed
for some reason. See also
reply message,
request message.
repository
A persistent storage area for data and other application
resources.
repository checkpoint
A function that backs up copies of files from the master
configuration repository. The backup files can be used to restore
the configuration to a previous state if future configuration changes
cause operational problems.
repository table
One of three types of database tables in the InterChange
Server repository, the repository tables store information about the
collaborations, business objects, connectors, maps, and relationships
that you can configure in the WebSphere business integration system.
The other two types of database tables in the repository are the event
management tables and the transaction tables.
request
In a request/response interaction, the role performed by
a business object that instructs a connector to interact with an application
or other programmatic entity.
request business object
A business object sent as a request by a collaboration to
a connector. Requests specify an action such as retrieving, updating,
creating, or deleting data. When a request business object is a child
of a wrapper business object, the WebSphere business integration system
uses it to facilitate exchange of data to and from a URL. In this
case, this business object contains collaboration request data passed
to a URL by the appropriate protocol handler and data handler. See
also
wrapper business object.
request consumer binding
A definition of the security requests for the request message
that is received by a Web service.
request flow
The flow of the message from the service requester.
Request for Comments
In Internet communication, one of a series of numbered documents
that describe Internet communication protocols.
request generator binding
A definition of the security requests for the request message
that is sent to a Web service.
request metrics
A mechanism to monitor and troubleshoot performance bottlenecks
in the system at an individual request level.
request receiver binding
A definition of the security requirements for the request
message that is received from a request to a Web service.
request/reply
A type of messaging application in which a request message
is used to request a reply from another application. See also
send and forget.
request/response interaction
The type of interaction used by collaborations to move data
into or extract data from connectors and the applications or processes
with which the connectors interact. The collaboration sends a request
in the form of a business object and the connector responds with either
data in the form of a business object or a notification of success
or failure.
request sender binding
A definition of the security requirements for the request
message that is sent to a Web service.
resource
1. A facility of a computing system or operating system
required by a job, task, or running program. Resources include main
storage, input/output devices, the processing unit, data sets, files,
libraries, folders, application servers, and control or processing
programs.
2. The collective term for projects, folders, subfolders,
and files that can be manipulated in the Eclipse workbench.
3.
A person, piece of equipment, or material that is used to perform
a task or a project. Each resource is a particular occurrence or example
of a resource definition.
4. A discrete asset, for example application
suites, applications, business services, interfaces, endpoints, and
business events.
Resource Access Control Facility
An IBM licensed program that provides access control by
identifying users to the system; verifying users of the system; authorizing
access to protected resources; logging unauthorized attempts to enter
the system; and logging accesses to protected resources.
resource adapter
A system-level software driver that is used by an EJB container
or an application client to connect to an enterprise information system
(EIS). A resource adapter plugs in to a container; the application
components deployed on the container then use the client API (exposed
by adapter) or tool-generated, high-level abstractions to access the
underlying EIS. (Sun) See also
container,
enterprise information system.
resource adapter archive
A Java archive (JAR) file that is used to package a resource
adapter for the Java 2 Connector (J2C) architecture.
resource class
An attribute of a resource that is used to group resources
according to the subsystem to which they belong and the purpose for
which they are used.
resource distribution report
A report, generated by the Customization Definition Program
(CDP), that describes the resources required by an instance.
resource environment reference
A reference that maps a logical name used by the client
application to the physical name of an object.
resource manager
An application, program, or transaction that manages and
controls access to shared resources such as memory buffers and data
sets. WebSphere MQ, CICS, and IMS are resource managers.
resource manager local transaction
A resource manager view of a local transaction that represents
a unit of recovery on a single connection that is managed by the resource
manager.
resource model
A model that defines the resources used in business operations,
including their roles, availability, and cost characteristics.
resource property
A property for a JDBC data source in a server configuration,
for example the server name, user ID, or password.
Resource Recovery Services
A component of z/OS that uses a sync point manager to coordinate
changes among participating resource managers.
response
In a request/response interaction, a message from a connector
to a collaboration that carries the results of a request made by the
collaboration. The message can be either a business object or a response
code.
response business object
A business object returned by a connector to a collaboration.
This business object contains response data from the connector's application
or data source. Responses include the results of processes such as
retrieving, changing, creating, or deleting data. When a response
business object is a child of a wrapper business object, the WebSphere
business integration system uses it to facilitate exchange of data
to and from a URL. In this case, this business object contains response
data from a URL. It is passed by a synchronous protocol handler to
the appropriate collaboration. See also
wrapper
business object.
response file
A file containing predefined values that is used instead
of someone having to enter those values one at a time. See also
silent installation.
response flow
The flow of the message from the service provider to the
service requester.
response generator binding
A definition of the security requests for the response message
that is sent to a Web service.
response receiver binding
A definition of the security requirements for the response
message that is received from a request to a Web service.
response sender binding
A definition of the security requirements for the response
message that is sent to a Web service.
restricted place
A shared place that is open to only those individuals and
groups whom the place creator (or place manager) adds to the place's
membership list. The person who creates the place (and who automatically
becomes the place manager) designates the place as a restricted place
during place creation. See also
public place.
result event
An action that is generated by the technology connectors
and sent back to the runtime server to be processed as a new event.
result set
The set of rows that a procedure returns.
result tree
The output document that is created when an XSL file is
used to transform an XML file.
resume
To continue execution of an application after an activity
has been suspended.
retained publication
A published message that is kept at the broker for propagation
to clients that subscribe at some point in the future.
return code
A value returned by a program to indicate the result of
its processing. Completion codes and reason codes are examples of
return codes.
reverse proxy
An IP-forwarding topology where the proxy is on behalf of
the back-end HTTP server. It is an application proxy for servers using
HTTP.
rich media
In a Web page, content that is aural, visual, or interactive,
such as audio or video files.
Rich Site Summary
An XML-based format for syndicated Web content that is based
on the RSS 0.91 specification. The RSS XML file formats are used by
Internet users to subscribe to Web sites that have provided RSS feeds.
See also
feed.
rich text
A field that can contain objects, file attachments, or pictures
as well as text with formatting options such as italics or boldface.
ripplestart
An action where the system waits for a member in a cluster
to start before starting the next member of the cluster.
RMA authorisation
An authorisation that has been processed by an RMA.
RM distribution file
A file used to exchange relationship data with an relationship
management application (RMA). It is the file that is created when
you export bootstrap authorizations, and it is the file from which
you import authorizations from an RMA.
RM report
A report used to determine whether all the relationships
that are required when using PV03 exclusively have already been recorded,
and whether corresponding authorisations already exist.
role
1. A job function that identifies the tasks that a user
can perform and the resources to which a user has access. A user can
be assigned one or more roles.
2. A logical group of principals
that provides a set of permissions. Access to operations is controlled
by granting access to a role.
3. A description of a function
to be carried out by an individual or bulk resource, and the qualifications
required to fulfill the function. In simulation and analysis, the
term role is also used to refer to the qualified resources.
4.
In a relationship, a role determines the function and participation
of entities. Roles capture structure and constraint requirements on
participating entities and their manner of participation. For example,
in an employment relationship, the roles are employer and employee.
5.
A collection of access rights that can be assigned to a user, group
of users, system, service, or application that enable it to carry
out certain tasks.
role-based access control
The process of restricting integral components of a system
based on user authentication, roles, and permissions.
role-based authorization
The use of authorization information to determine whether
a caller has the necessary privilege to request a service.
role mapping
The process of associating groups and principals recognized
by the container to security roles specified in the deployment descriptor.
rollback
The execution of a scenario's compensation steps by InterChange
Server to undo the effects of a partially completed scenario.
root
The user name for the system user with the most authority.
RosettaNet Partner Interface Process
A specialized system-to-system XML-based dialog that depicts
the activities, decisions, and partner role interactions that fulfill
a business transaction between two partners in a given supply chain.
routing policy
A set of rules that determine how the server routes incoming
requests.
RSA encryption
A system for public-key cryptography used for encryption
and authentication. It was invented in 1977 by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir,
and Leonard Adleman. The security of the system depends on the difficulty
of factoring the product of two large prime numbers.
rule
A condition that must be satisfied when a business activity
is being performed.
rule logic
The business logic, which is expressed by a business rule,
that consists of decisions that affect how a business responds to
specific business conditions. For example, a decision that determines
how much of a discount to give to a preferred customer is rule logic.
rules-based personalization
Personalization technology that enables you to customize
Web content based on user needs and preferences, and business requirements.
rule schedule
An interface for modifying the values of a business rule
in the rule logic selection record.
rule set
An if-then statement that is composed of a set of textual
statements, or rules, that are evaluated sequentially. if is the condition
and then is the action. Each condition that evaluates to true is acted
upon. See also
decision table,
action rule,
if-then
rule.
RunAs role
A role used by a servlet or an enterprise bean component
to invoke and delegate a role to another enterprise bean.
run time
The time period during which a computer program is running.
runtime environment
A set of resources that are used to run a program or process.
Runtime Environment for Java
runtime object
An object used by the translator, such as a control string,
code list, translation table, or user exit profile.
runtime task
A generated administrative action plan that contains recommendations
to improve the health and performance of a runtime environment.
runtime topology
A depiction of the momentary state of the environment.
S
SAG MQ connection
An entity within an SAG that encapsulates a WebSphere MQ
connection.
SCA component
A building block of the Service Component Architecture,
used to build SCA modules such as mediation modules.
SCADA device protocol
A protocol that implements the WebSphere MQ Telemetry Transport
to connect SCADA devices to the broker.
SCA export binding
A concrete definition that specifies the physical mechanism
used by a service requester to access an SCA module; for example,
using SOAP/HTTP.
SCA export interface
An abstract definition that describes how service requesters
access an SCA module.
SCA import binding
A concrete definition that specifies the physical mechanism
used by an SCA module to access an external service; for example,
using SOAP/HTTP.
SCA import interface
An abstract definition that describes how an SCA module
accesses a service.
scalability
The ability of a system to expand as resources, such as
processors, memory, or storage, are added.
SCA module
A module with interfaces that conforms to the Service Component
Architecture (SCA).
SCA request
A service request that conforms to the Service Component
Architecture (SCA). An SCA module routes the request to a service
provider, after having done any additional processing specified by
the module.
SCA run time
The server functions that provide support for the Service
Component Architecture.
scenario
A set of actions representing a business process within
the context of a collaboration. Scenarios can be used to partition
a collaboration's logic. For example, if a collaboration handles one
type of business object with various possible verbs, the user might
develop Create, Update, and Delete scenarios. See also
activity.
scenario tree
The set of scenarios, displayed hierarchically, that includes
composite scenarios, subdiagrams, and iterators.
scheduler
A service that provides time-dependent services.
schema
A collection of database objects such as tables, views,
indexes, or triggers that define a database. A schema provides a logical
classification of database objects.
schema document definition
A description or layout of an XML document based on an XML
schema.
scope
1. In Web services, a property that identifies the lifetime
of the object serving the invocation request.
2. A specification
of the boundary within which system resources can be used.
scratchpad area
A work area used in conversational processing to retain
information from an application program across executions of the program.
screen
The display that the user sees when he or she connects to
a 3270 application on the host system. A single 3270 application can
include many screens, each of which has a purpose within the context
of the application.
screen editor
A 3270 terminal service development tool that enables a
developer to create and modify recognition profiles for an imported
screen and to assign names to the fields on the screen definition.
screen file
The result of importing a screen definition from a 3270
application into the 3270 terminal service development workbench.
A screen file represents a screen definition. The screen definition
contains identifiers such as the number of fields on the screen and
the row and column position of fields on the screen. There are multiple
screen files per 3270 terminal service project. Each screen file can
have multiple recognition profiles assigned to it.
screen import
The process of importing a screen definition (in its current
state) and saving it to a screen file within the 3270 terminal service
tools workbench, for the purpose of generating recognition profiles
and custom screen records. Use the 3270 terminal service recorder
to import screens.
screen recognition
A runtime function that determines the state of a screen
and processes the screen in accordance with the identifiers in the
recognition profiles. Screen recognition compares the screen as presented
by the 3270 application to the defined recognition profiles to determine
which screen state applies.
screen state
The set of conditions (at the time the screen was imported
from the host) that determine the allowed and required processing
on the screen. A screen's state operates on input to change the status,
cause an action, or result in a particular output screen. A single
screen can have multiple states and the allowed user actions for the
screen vary depending on which state the screen is in.
script
A series of commands, combined in a file, that carry out
a particular function when the file is run. Scripts are interpreted
as they are run.
scripting
A style of programming that reuses existing components as
a base for building applications.
scriptlet
A mechanism for adding scripting language fragments to a
source file.
SDO repository
A database that the service integration bus for Web services
enablement uses for storing and serving Web Services Description Language
(WSDL) definitions.
Secure Association Service
An authentication protocol used to communicate securely
for the client principal by establishing a secure association between
the client and server.
Secure Hash Algorithm
An encryption method in which data is encrypted in a way
that is mathematically impossible to reverse. Different data can possibly
produce the same hash value, but there is no way to use the hash value
to determine the original data.
Secure Internet Protocol Network
A SWIFT network based on the Internet Protocol (IP) and
related technologies.
Secure Shell
A Unix-based command interface and protocol for securely
getting access accessing to a remote computer.
Secure Sockets Layer
A security protocol that provides communication privacy.
With SSL, client/server applications can communicate in a way that
is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery.
See also
certificate authority.
SecureWay Directory
An LDAP directory that can store user-related data, such
as the user ID, the user name, and passwords.
security administrator
The person who controls access to business data and program
functions.
Security Assertion Markup Language
An XML framework for exchanging authentication and authorization
information.
security attribute propagation
The transportation of security attributes from one server
to another server in an application server configuration.
security constraint
A declaration of how to protect Web content, and how to
protect data that is communicated between the client and the server.
security domain
The set of all the servers that are configured with the
same user registry realm name.
security entity
Entities used to specify what a user is authorized to do.
Security entities include roles and users.
security permission
Authorization granted to access a system resource.
security policy
A written document that defines the security controls that
you institute for your computer systems. A security policy describes
the risks that you intend these controls to minimize and the actions
that should be taken if someone breaches your security controls.
security role
In Java EE, an abstract logical grouping of users that is
defined by the application assembler. When an application is deployed,
the roles are mapped to security identities, such as principals or
groups, in the operational environment. (Sun)
security role reference
A role that defines the access levels that users have and
the specific resources that they can modify at those levels.
security token
A representation of a set of claims that are made by a client
that can include a name, password, identity, key, certificate, group,
privilege, and so on.
segment directory
A file containing the format of all EDI segments in an EDI
standard.
segment identifier
A unique three-character identifier at the beginning of
each EDI segment.
segment ID separator
The character that separates the segment identifier from
the EDI data elements in the EDI segment. See also
data
element delimiter.
segment terminator
The character that marks the end of an EDI segment.
selector component
A component that provides a means of interposing a dynamic
selection mechanism between the client application and a set of target
implementations.
sender bean
In extended messaging, an enterprise bean (stateless session
bean) that can be built to send asynchronous messages. A sender bean
translates its method invocation into a JMS message, then passes that
message to JMS. It can also retrieve a response message, translate
that message into a result value, and return it to the caller.
sensor
A program that reads information from a managed software
system to create configuration information.
sequence grouping
The specification of the order in which entity beans update
relational database tables.
sequence number
A number assigned to each message exchanged between two
nodes. The number is increased by one for each successive message.
It starts from zero each time a new session is established.
serialization
In object-oriented programming, the writing of data in sequential
fashion to a communications medium from program memory.
serializer
A method for converting object data to another form such
as binary or XML. See also
deserialization.
servant region
A contiguous area of virtual storage that is dynamically
started as load increases and automatically stopped as load eases.
server
A software program or a computer that provides services
to other software programs or other computers. See also
host,
client.
server and bus environment
The environment in which servers, service integration buses,
and their resources are configured and managed.
server cluster
A group of servers that are typically on different physical
machines and have the same applications configured within them, but
operate as a single logical server.
server configuration
A resource that contains information required to set up
and deploy to an application server.
server implementation object
Enterprise beans that client applications require to access
and implement the services that support those objects.
server message
A message that is routed to a server application for processing,
or a delivery notification that is routed to a client application
to acknowledge the receipt of a client message by its destination.
server operation
A collection of Java or non-Java process definitions that
you can define to run on middleware servers. You can create server
operations to enable or disable tracing, start or stop applications,
query the running state of a server, and so on.
server project
A project that contains information about test and deployment
servers and their configurations.
server-side
Pertaining to an application or component of an application
that runs on a server rather than on the client. JSP and servlets
are two examples of technologies that enable server-side programming.
server-side include
A facility for including dynamic information in documents
sent to clients, such as current date, the last modification date
of a file, and the size or last modification of other files.
service
1. A component that accepts as input a message, and processes
the message. For example, a service translates its payload into a
different format, or routes it to one of several output queues. Most
services are implemented as message flows or primitives.
2.
In service-oriented architecture, a unit of work accomplished by an
interaction between computing devices.
service application
An application used to deploy mediation modules.
service bundle
A set of services that logically belong together, for example,
because they share resources such as a status table or error processing
queue. A service bundle contains the definition files for all resources
required to provide the services, for example definition files for
message flows, queues, and database tables. A service bundle has a
unique name in the scope of an instance. A service bundle must be
assigned to an organizational unit and loaded into a server before
it is operational.
service call failure
A response from the connector to indicate that processing
of the service call request failed.
service call request
A request to a connector from a service call.
service call response
A successful response from the connector to a service call
request.
service class
A group of work that has the same service goals or performance
objectives, resource requirements, or availability requirements. For
workload management, a service goal and, optionally, a resource group
is assigned to a service class.
service client
A requester that invokes functions in a service provider.
service component
A collection of processes that represents a business service
that publishes or operates on business data.
Service Component Architecture
An architecture in which all elements of a business transaction,
such as access to Web services, Enterprise Information System (EIS)
service assets, business rules, workflows, databases and so on, are
represented in a service-oriented way.
service context
Part of a General InterORB Protocol (GIOP) message that
is identified with an ID and contains data used in specific interactions,
such as security actions, character code set conversion, and Object
Request Broker (ORB) version information.
Service Data Objects
An open standard for enabling applications to handle data
from heterogeneous data sources in a uniform way, based on the concept
of a disconnected data graph. See also
business
object.
service definition
One or more WSDL files that describe a service. Service
definitions are produced by the Definition, Deployment, Adaptor, Skeleton,
and Proxy wizards.
service description
The description of a Web service, which can be defined in
any format such as WSDL, UDDI, or HTML.
service destination
A specialization of a service integration bus destination.
Each service destination can directly represent the Web service implementation
or can indirectly represent the service through a Web Services Description
Language (WSDL) document.
service document
A document that describes a Web service, for example a Web
Services Description Language (WSDL) document.
service endpoint
The physical address of a service which implements one or
more interfaces.
service input queue
The queue from which a service retrieves the messages it
is to process. In WebSphere BI for FN, this queue is implemented as
a WebSphere MQ local queue.
service integration bus
A managed communication mechanism that supports service
integration through synchronous and asynchronous messaging. A bus
consists of interconnecting messaging engines that manage bus resources.
service integration bus link
A link between messaging engines on different service integration
buses. This enables requests and messages to pass between the buses.
service integration bus Web services enablement
A software component that enables Web services to use IBM
service integration technologies. This capability provides a quality
of service choice and message distribution options for Web services,
with mediations that support message rerouting or modification.
service integration logic
Integration logic on an enterprise service bus to mediate
between requesters and providers. The logic performs a number of functions
such as to transform and augment requests, convert transport protocols,
and route requests and replies automatically
service integration technology
Technology that provides a highly-flexible messaging system
for a service-oriented architecture (SOA). This supports a wide spectrum
of quality of service options, protocols, and messaging patterns.
The technology supports both message-oriented and service-oriented
applications.
service interface queue
The queue into which applications place messages that are
to be processed by a service. In WebSphere BI for FN, each OU that
uses a particular service has its own service interface queue, and
this queue is implemented as a WebSphere MQ alias queue.
service level
A class of service that can be used in business policies
to aggregate a set of desired and implied service qualities.
service level agreement
A contract between a customer and a service provider that
specifies the expectations for the level of service with respect to
availability, performance, and other measurable objectives.
service message object
A service data object that can exist only in a mediation
flow component. The service message object is composed of a body and
headers. The body contains the parameters of the invoked interface
operation, and the headers may contain information such as service
invocation, transport protocol, mediation exception, JMS properties,
or correlation information.
service-oriented architecture
A conceptual description of the structure of a software
system in terms of its components and the services they provide, without
regard for the underlying implementation of these components, services
and connections between components.
service policy
A performance goal that is assigned to a specific application
URI to help designate the business importance of different request
types.
service portfolio
The collection of business services that a subscriber is
entitled to use.
service project
A collection of related items used to build a service.
service provider
A company or program that provides a business function as
a service.
service registry
A repository that contains all of the information that is
required to access a Web service.
service requester
The application that initiates an interaction with a Web
service. The service requestor binds to the service using the published
information and calls the service.
services
Collections of network endpoints or ports that are used
to aggregate a set of related ports.
service segment
The EDI segment used when an EDI document is enveloped (such
as ISA, GS, ST, UNB, UNH, UNT, and so on).
service type definition
In Universal Discovery Description and Integration (UDDI),
a description of specifications for services or taxonomies.
service virtualization
A virtualization that compensates for the differences in
the syntactic details of the service interactions so that the service
requestor and provider do not have to use the same interaction protocol
and pattern or the same interface, nor do they have to know the identities
of the other participants.
servlet
A Java program that runs on a Web server and extends the
server's functionality by generating dynamic content in response to
Web client requests. Servlets are commonly used to connect databases
to the Web.
servlet container
A Web application server component that invokes the action
servlet and that interacts with the action servlet to process requests.
servlet filtering
The process of transforming a request or modifying a response
without exposing the resource used by the servlet engine. See also
filter.
servlet mapping
A correspondence between a client request and a servlet
that defines their association.
session
1. A logical or virtual connection between two stations,
software programs, or devices on a network that allows the two elements
to communicate and exchange data.
2. In Java EE, an object used
by a servlet to track a user's interaction with a Web application
across multiple HTTP requests.
3. A series of requests to a
servlet originating from the same user at the same browser.
session affinity
A method of configuring applications in which a client is
always connected to the same server. These configurations disable
workload management after an initial connection by forcing a client
request to always go to the same server.
session facade
A mechanism for separating the business and client tiers
of an enterprise application by abstracting the data and business
methods so that clients are not tightly coupled with the business
logic and not responsible for data integrity. Implemented as session
enterprise beans, session facades also decouple lower-level business
components from one another.
Session Initiation Protocol
A protocol for initiating interactive multi-media sessions.
See also
siplet.
session sequence number
A sequentially incremented 10 byte identifier that is assigned
to each request unit in an LT session. It is formed by concatenating
the 4 byte session number with a 6 byte sequence number.
setter method
A method whose purpose is to set the value of an instance
or class variable. This capability allows another object to set the
value of one of its variables. See also
getter
method.
severity code
A number that indicates the seriousness of an error condition.
shared library file
A file that consists of a symbolic name, a Java class path
and a native path for loading Java Native Interface (JNI) libraries.
Applications that are deployed on the same node as this file can access
this information.
shared place
A place created for a community of people with a common
purpose. Shared places can be public or restricted. The place creator
(who automatically becomes the place manager) specifies whether a
place is public or restricted during place creation.
shared resources directory
The directory that contains software files or plug-ins that
are shared by packages. In WebSphere Business Integration Message
Broker, this term refers to the directory that contains Eclipse plug-ins
and features, and other common files and resources, that are used
by all products on the computer that are installed and maintained
by Installation Manager, which include the Message Broker Toolkit.
The contents of this directory are used by all products in all the
package groups that are defined on the computer.
shell script
A program, or script, that is interpreted by the shell of
an operating system.
shortcut bar
In Eclipse, the vertical toolbar at the left side of the
workbench window that contains buttons for open perspectives and for
fast views.
shortest path
The processing path that takes the shortest time to complete
of all parallel paths in a process instance, where each path considered
begins at a start node or an input to the process and ends at a terminate
node.
Short Message Service
A service that is used to transmit text to and from a mobile
phone.
short name
In personal communications, the one-letter name (A through
Z) of the presentation space or emulation session.
shredding
The process of breaking up an XML document for storage in
database tables.
side effect
An undesirable result caused by altering the values of nonlocal
variables by a procedure or function.
signer certificate
The trusted certificate entry that is usually in a truststore
file.
silent installation
An installation that does not send messages to the console
but instead stores messages and errors in log files. A silent installation
can use response files for data input. See also
response
file.
silent mode
A method for installing or uninstalling a product component
from the command line with no GUI display. When using silent mode,
you specify the data required by the installation or uninstallation
program directly on the command line or in a file (called an option
file or response file).
Simple API for XML
An event-driven, serial-access protocol for accessing XML
documents, used. A Java-only API, SAX is used by most servlets and
network programs to transmit and receive XML documents. See also
Document Object Model.
simple element
An item in the source or target document that does not contain
child items, only data. For example: EDI data elements, ROD fields,
XML attributes, and XML PCData values. See also
element,
complex element.
simple identity relationship
An identity relationship that relates two business objects
through a single-attribute key. Each business object that participates
in the simple identity relationship contains a key with a single unique
value that identifies it.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
An Internet application protocol for transferring mail among
users of the Internet.
Simple Network Management Protocol
A set of protocols for monitoring systems and devices in
complex networks. Information about managed devices is defined and
stored in a Management Information Base (MIB).
simple type
A characteristic of a simple element that defines the type
of data in a message (for example, string, integer, or float). In
XML, a simple type cannot have element content and cannot carry attributes.
See also
complex type.
simulation
A faster-than-real-time performance of a process. Simulation
enables organizations to observe how a process will perform in response
to variations of inputs to the process, just as in a real-life work
environment. Simulation also provides the ability to vary process
input volume over time by adjusting resources and current allocations.
Simulation output provides detailed information regarding resource
utilization levels and the results of cost and cycle-time calculations.
simulation profile
A copy of a process model and the elements on which it depends,
augmented with simulation attributes, that you use to run a simulation.
Each simulation profile in a snapshot is based on the process as it
existed at the time that the snapshot was taken.
simulation snapshot
A record of the complete process model in a state that you
want to preserve for simulation purposes. This record contains a copy
of all the project elements the process uses, as well as any additional
project elements.
single authorization
A setting allowing an action to be carried out by a single
person. See also
dual authorization.
single-cardinality attribute
An attribute that represents a single value, which may be
either a simple attribute or a single child business object. When
this attribute represents a child business object, its type is the
same as that of the business object it represents. See also
array attribute,
attribute,
child business object,
simple
attribute.
single-level wildcard
A wildcard that can be specified in subscriptions to match
a single level in a topic.
single-occurrence mapping
A form of mapping in which a specific occurrence of a repeating
compound or simple element is mapped to a compound or simple element.
single sign-on
An authentication process in which a user can access more
than one system or application by entering a single user ID and password.
singleton
A class that can be instantiated only once. A singleton
class cannot be an interface.
siplet
A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) servlet that performs
SIP signaling to back-end applications of the SIP server, such as
the presence server or instant messaging server. See also
Session Initiation Protocol.
situation
A significant occurrence that is detected when a set of
conditions are met. For example, exceeding the limits of a Key Performance
Indicator (KPI).
situation event
A Common Base Event that is emitted when a defined situation
occurs.
skeleton
Scaffolding for an implementation class.
skin
An element of a graphical user interface that can be changed
to alter the appearance of the interface without affecting its functionality.
smart card
An intelligent token that is embedded with an integrated
circuit chip that provides memory capacity and computational capabilities
SMP/E for z/OS
An IBM licensed program that is used to install software
and software changes on z/OS systems.
snippet
An excerpt of source code.
SOAP
A lightweight, XML-based protocol for exchanging information
in a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP can be used to query
and return information and invoke services across the Internet.
SOAP encoding
Rules for serializing data over the SOAP protocol. SOAP
encoding is based on a simple type system that is a generalization
of the common features found in type systems in programming languages,
databases, and semi-structured data.
SOAP parser
A program that interprets a message that belongs to the
SOAP domain, and generates the corresponding tree from the bit stream
on input, or the bit stream from the tree on output. The bit stream
is a representation of an XML file.
SOAP with attachments API for Java
An application programming interface (API) that is used
to send XML documents over the Internet from a Java base.
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication
An industry-owned cooperative that supplies standardized
messaging services and software to financial institutions.
socket
An identifier that an application uses to uniquely identify
an end point of communication. The user associates a protocol address
with the socket by associating a socket address with the socket.
Sockets Secure
A client/server architecture that transports TCP/IP traffic
through a secure gateway. A SOCKS server performs many of the same
services that a proxy server does.
softcopy
One or more files that can be electronically distributed,
manipulated, and printed by a user.
software development kit
A set of tools, APIs, and documentation to assist with the
development of software in a specific computer language or for a particular
operating environment.
source based map
A map based on the order elements that are defined in the
source document definition.
source code
A computer program in a format that is readable by people.
Source code is converted into binary code that can be used by a computer.
source document
A document that is going to be translated.
source document definition
A description of a document layout that is used to identify
the format of the source document for a translation.
source interface
In a mediation flow component, the interface that allows
the service requester to access the mediation flow through an export.
source tree
The XML input document that is transformed by an XSL stylesheet.
special-subject
Generalization of a particular class of users; a product-defined
entity independent of the user registry.
special variable
A variable that is similar to a local or global variable,
except that it is predefined in Data Interchange Services. Special
variables are created during translation at the start of a document
and cannot be created or maintained by the user.
specification
A declarative description of what something is or does.
SQL Processor Using File Input
A facility of the TSO attachment subcomponent that enables
the DB2I user to run SQL statements without embedding them in an application
program.
SQL query
A component of certain SQL statements that specifies a result
table.
SSH File Transfer Protocol
A network protocol that provides the ability to transfer
files securely over any reliable data stream.
SSL channel
A type of channel within a transport chain that associates
a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) configuration repertoire with the transport
chain.
stack
An area in memory that typically stores information such
as temporary register information, values of parameters, and return
addresses of subroutines and is based on the principle of last in,
first out (LIFO).
stack frame
A section of the stack that contains the local variables,
arguments, and register contents for an individual routine, as well
as a pointer to the previous stack frame.
stacking number
The number of application servers that are required for
a dynamic cluster to use all the power of a node.
staff activity
An activity in a process that queries human interaction
for decisions on how to proceed. A staff activity is used in a long-running
process where the process will halt to await the outcome of the human
interaction.
staging
The process of returning return data or an object from an
offline or low-priority device to an online or higher priority device,
usually on demand of the system or on request of the user.
stand-alone
Independent of any other device, program, or system. In
a network environment, a stand-alone machine accesses all required
resources locally.
stand-alone server
A fully operational server that is managed independently
of all other servers, using its own administrative console.
stand-alone task
A unit of work that exists independently of a business process,
and implements human interaction as a service. See also
human task,
inline
task.
standard connector configuration properties
standard property
A configuration option shared by all instances of a particular
WebSphere business integration component, such as all collaborations
or all connectors. These properties differ from options that are unique
to a particular component. See also
property.
Standard Widget Toolkit
An Eclipse toolkit for Java developers that defines a common,
portable, user interface API that uses the native widgets of the underlying
operating system. See also
Abstract Window
Toolkit,
Swing Set.
star schema
A type of relational database schema that is composed of
a set of tables comprising a single, central fact table surrounded
by dimension tables.
start node
A node that identifies where a process begins.
state
In a business state machine, one of several discrete individual
stages that are organized in sequence to compose a business transaction.
State Adaptive Choreography Language
An XML notation that is used to define state machines.
stateful session bean
A session bean that acts on behalf of a single client and
maintains client-specific session information (called conversational
state) across multiple method calls and transactions. See also
stateless session bean,
session
bean.
stateless session bean
1. A session bean with no conversational state. All instances
of a stateless bean are identical. (Sun)
See also
session bean,
stateful
session bean.
2. A session bean that is a collection of operations.
The server can optimize resources by reusing bean instances on every
method call.
state machine
A behavior that specifies the sequences of states that an
object or an interaction goes through during its life in response
to events, together with its responses and actions.
statement
An instruction in a program or procedure.
static
A Java programming language keyword that is used to define
a variable as a class variable.
static analysis
The process of extracting targeted types of information
on the models in their static form. This differs from dynamic analysis,
which extracts information based on the results of process simulations.
static cluster
A group of application servers that participates in workload
management. Membership for the static cluster is manually managed.
static Web page
A Web page that can be displayed without the additional
client- or server-side processing that would be required for JavaServer
Pages, servlets, or scripts.
static Web project
A project that contains resources for a Web application
with no dynamic content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP)
files, or Java code. A static Web project can be deployed to a static
HTTP server and does not require additional application server support.
stored procedure
A block of procedural constructs and embedded SQL statements
that is stored in a database and that can be called by name. Stored
procedures allow an application program to be run in two parts, one
on the client and the other on the server, so that one call can produce
several accesses to the database.
stream
1. In the CVS team programming environment, a shared
copy of application resources that is updated by development team
members as they make changes. The stream represents the current state
of the project.
2. A method of topic partitioning that is used
by applications that connect to MQSeries Publish/Subscribe SupportPac
brokers.
stream decryption
A symmetric algorithm that decrypts data one bit or byte
of data at a time.
stream encryption
A symmetric algorithm that encrypts data one bit or byte
of data at a time.
string
In programming languages, the form of data used for storing
and manipulating text.
structure
A series of elements that have been graded or ranked in
some useful manner. In Business Integration Modeler, a graphical representation
of the relationships between different real entities in an organization.
Structured Query Language
A standardized language for defining and manipulating data
in a relational database.
Structured Query Language for Java
A standard for embedding SQL in Java programs, defining
and calling Java procedures and user-defined functions, and using
database structured types in Java.
structured viewing
The tabular aspect of the Design view of the XML editor
that separates the structural constituents of an XML document, such
as elements and attribute types, from values, such as attribute values
and textual content.
Struts
An open source framework designed to help developers create
Web applications that keep database code, page design code, and control
flow code separated from each other.
Struts action
A class that implements a portion of a Web application and
returns a forward. The superclass for a Struts action is called the
Action class.
Struts module
A Struts configuration file and a set of corresponding actions,
form beans, and Web pages. A Struts application comprises at least
one Struts module.
Struts project
A dynamic Web project with Struts support added.
stub
A small program routine that substitutes for a longer, possibly
remote, program. For example, a stub might be a program module that
transfers procedure calls (RPCs) and responses between a client and
a server. In Web services, a stub is an implementation of a Java interface
generated from a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document.
style sheet
A specification of formatting instructions that, when applied
to structured information, provides a particular rendering of that
information (for example, online or printed). Different style sheets
can be applied to the same piece of structured information to produce
different presentations of the information.
subclass
In Java, a class that is derived from a particular class,
through inheritance.
subdiagram
In a collaboration template's activity diagram, a nested
diagram. Also, the activity diagram symbol that represents a nested
diagram.
subelement
In UN/EDIFACT EDI standards, an EDI data element that is
part of an EDI composite data element. For example, an EDI data element
and its qualifier are subelements of an EDI composite data element.
subelement separator
A character that separates the subelements in an EDI composite
data element.
subflow
A sequence of processing steps, implemented using message
flow nodes, that is designed to be embedded in a message flow or in
another subflow. A subflow must include at least one Input or Output
node. A subflow can be executed by a broker only as part of the message
flow in which it is embedded, and therefore cannot be deployed. See
also
message flow.
subflow node
A message flow node that represents a subflow. See also
primitive.
submap
A map that is called from within another map. Submaps are
often used to map child business objects.
subprocess
A local process that is also a part of another process.
subquery
In SQL, a subselect used within a predicate, for example,
a select-statement within the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL
statement.
subscriber
1. An application that requests information about a specified
topic from a publish/subscribe broker.
2. The consumer of a
business service.
subscription
A record that contains the information that a subscriber
passes to its local broker to describe the publications that it wants
to receive.
subscription filter
A predicate that specifies a subset of messages that are
to be delivered to a particular subscriber.
subscription point
The name that a subscriber uses to request publications
from a particular set of publication nodes. It is the property of
a publication node that differentiates it from other publication nodes
in the same message flow.
substate
A state that is part of a composite state.
substitution group
An XML Schema feature that provides a means of substituting
one element for another in an XML message. A substitution group contains
a list of global elements that can appear in place of another global
element, called the head element.
superclass
In Java, a class from which a particular class is inherited,
perhaps with one or more classes in between.
superset
Given two sets A and B, A is a superset of B if and only
if all elements of B are also elements of A. That is, A is a superset
of B if B is a subset of A.
supertype
In a type hierarchy, a type that subtypes inherit attributes
from.
supervisory control and data acquisition
A broad term, used to describe any form of remote telemetry
system used for gathering data from remote sensor devices (for example,
flow rate meters on an oil pipeline) and for the near real time control
of remote equipment (for example, pipeline valves). These devices
communicate with the broker using the SCADA device protocol (MQIsdp).
suspend
To pause a process instance.
SWIFTAlliance Gateway
A SWIFT interface product extending SWIFTNet Link by additional
services such as profile-based processing, and offering a WebSphere
MQ interface.
SWIFTNet FileAct
SWIFT's interactive communication service supporting exchange
of files between two applications.
SWIFTNet FIN
SWIFT's service providing FIN access using the Secure IP
Network (SIPN) instead of the SWIFT Transport Network (STN). See also
FIN.
SWIFTNet FIN batching
The transporting of more than one FIN message within a single
InterAct message.
SWIFTNet InterAct
SWIFT's interactive communication service supporting exchange
of request and response messages between two applications.
SWIFTNet Link
SWIFT's mandatory software product to access all SWIFTNet
services.
SWIFTNet public key infrastructure
SWIFTNet service
SWIFT's IP-based communication services that run on the
SIPN.
SWIFTNet service application
An application that uses SWIFTNet services. Financial organizations
such as Continuous Linked Settlement (CLS) or the Global Straight
Through Processing Association (GSTPA) offer such applications to
financial institutions.
SWIFT transport network
SWIFT's network providing FIN and IFT service based on X.25
technology.
swimlane
A visually separated row within a process flow diagram that
groups all the activities in the process that are performed by a particular
combination of roles, resources, organization units, or locations.
Swing Set
A collection of GUI components that runs consistently on
any operating system that supports the Java virtual machine (JVM).
Because they are written entirely in the Java programming language,
these components provide functionality above and beyond that provided
by native-platform equivalents. See also
Abstract
Window Toolkit,
Standard Widget Toolkit.
symbolic link
A type of file that contains a pointer to another file or
directory.
symmetric algorithm
An algorithm where the encryption key can be calculated
from the decryption key and vice versa. In most symmetric algorithms,
the encryption key and the decryption key are the same.
synchronize
To add, subtract, or change one feature or artifact to match
another.
synchronous process
A process that starts by invoking a request-response operation.
The result of the process is returned by the same operation.
sync point
A point during the processing of a transaction at which
protected resources are consistent.
sync point manager
A function that coordinates the two-phase commit process
for protected resources, so that all changes to data are either committed
or backed out.
syntax
The rules for the construction of a command or statement.
syntax highlighting
In source editors, the ability to differentiate text and
structural elements, such as tags, attributes, and attribute values,
using text highlighting differences, such as font face, emphasis,
and color.
syntax type
A category used to classify different formats of documents.
Data Interchange Services supports three syntax types: XML, EDI, and
record oriented data. The user can map and translate between any of
these syntax types.
synthetic event
An event that is fired in response to a condition that was
detected while processing the current event. Unlike an action, which
is also fired in response to a condition that was detected during
the processing of the current event, a synthetic event is not sent
to a touchpoint through a connector. A synthetic event is processed
by WebSphere Business Events in the same way as other events.
sysplex
A set of z/OS systems that communicate with each other through
certain multisystem hardware components and software services.
system administrator
The person who controls and manages a computer system.
System Authorization Facility
An MVS interface with which programs can communicate with
an external security manager, such as RACF.
system configuration administration
The administration of configuration object types, organizational
units, and roles. This is carried out after the product has been installed
and is running.
system logger
A central logging facility provided by MVS/ESA SP 5.2. The
MVS system logger provides an integrated MVS logging facility that
can be used by system and subsystem components. For example, it is
used by the CICS log manager.
System Manager
A graphical user interface to administer and manage the
WebSphere business integration system. Most administration tasks are
performed using System Manager, and many of the tools, such as Map
Designer and Relationship Designer, can be accessed through System
Manager.
system menu
A drop-down menu that is activated by clicking the icon
at the left of a window's title bar and that allows users to restore,
move, size, minimize, or maximize the window.
systems analyst
A specialist who is responsible for translating business
requirements into system definitions and solutions.
T
tag
In UN/EDIFACT EDI Standards, the segment identifier. In
export and import, a code that is assigned to each field in the database
and used to identify the field in the export file. Such export files
are known as tagged files.
Tagged/Delimited String Format
The physical representation of a message in the MRM domain
that has a number of data elements separated by tags and delimiters.
taglib directive
In a JSP page, a declaration stating that the page uses
custom tags, defines the tag library, and specifies its tag prefixes.
(Sun)
tag library
In JSP technology, a collection of tags identifying custom
actions described using a taglib descriptor and Java classes. A JSP
tag library can be imported into any JSP file and used with various
scripting languages. (Sun)
target
1. The destination for an action or operation.
2.
A value that a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) should achieve, such
as "300" or "5 days."
target based map
A map based on the order elements that are defined in the
target document definition.
target CDD
A customization definition document (CDD) to which placeholders
have been added, and for which placeholder values have been specified.
A target CDD describes a particular target customization definition.
target component
A component that is the final target of a client service
request.
target customization definition
A customization definition that describes a changed version
of a current customization definition. Each target customization definition
has a target CDD that describes it.
target document
A translated version of a document.
target document definition
A description of the document layout used to create an output
document from a translation.
target document definition window
One of the pages on the Details tab of the Data Transformation
Map Editor and the Functional Acknowledgement Map Editor. It displays
the target document definition.
target namespace
A unique logical location for information about the service
that associates a namespace with a WSDL location.
target service
A service that exists outside of the gateway.
task
The basic building blocks in the model. Each task performs
some function. Visually, a task represents the lowest level of work
that can be portrayed in a process. See also
activity.
taxonomy
The hierarchical classification of information according
to a known system that is used to easily discuss, analyze, or retrieve
that information.
TCP channel
A type of channel within a transport chain that provides
client applications with persistent connections within a local area
network (LAN).
TCP/IP monitoring server
A runtime environment that monitors all requests and responses
between a Web browser and an application server, as well as TCP/IP
activity.
team support
The component that interacts with a repository to share
and version projects and project data. See also
version
control.
technology adapter
An adapter that is designed for interactions that conform
to a specific technology. For example, the WebSphere Adapter for FTP,
is an intermediary through which an integration broker sends data
to a file system that resides on a local or remote FTP server.
technology connector
An API that passes data between the event processing server
(runtime server) and external systems using a standard protocol such
as SMTP, HTTP, FTP, or SOAP.
template
A grouping of elements that share common properties. These
properties may be defined only once, at the template level, and are
inherited by all elements using the template. In Java terms, this
is an abstract class.
template library
The database, known as the Portal Template Catalog, that
stores place template specifications and portlets forms, subforms,
and profiles.
template tree view
The tree viewer that displays the template definitions,
scenario tree, and message file of the collaboration template. Display
of the template tree view is optional.
temporary file system
A temporary, in-memory physical file system that supports
in-storage mountable file systems. Normally, a TFS runs in the kernel
address space, but it can be run in a logical file system (LFS) colony
address space.
terminal
The point at which one node in a message flow is connected
to another node. Terminals can be connected to control the route that
a message takes, dependent on the outcome of the operation that is
performed on that message by the node.
terminal file
The resource in a 3270 service project that contains the
information necessary for connecting to the host system during build
time. Terminal files are automatically generated when the 3270 terminal
service project is created. In the Navigator view, if a terminal file
is selected, the 3270 terminal service recorder opens in the editor
area.
terminate node
A node that marks the end of a process. When a flow reaches
a stop node while the process is running, the process immediately
terminates, even if there are other currently executing flows within
the process.
test case
A set of tasks, scripts, or routines that automate the task
of testing software.
test configuration
A property of the integration test client that is used to
specify modules for testing and to control the tests.
test harness
A series of script files used to enable a DB2 database for
use by the DB2 XML Extender. A test harness is optionally created
when a DAD file is generated from a relational database to XML mapping.
Once enabled, it tests composing XML from data as well as decomposing
XML files into relational data.
test pattern
A template used for the automatic generation of component
tests. There are several test patterns available for testing both
Java and EJB components. See also
component
test.
test suite
A collection of test cases that define test behavior and
control test execution and deployment.
theme
The style element that gives a place a particular look.
The portal provides several themes, similar to virtual wallpaper,
from which you can choose when creating a place.
thin application client
A lightweight, downloadable Java application run time capable
of interacting with enterprise beans.
thin client
A client that has little or no installed software but has
access to software that is managed and delivered by network servers
that are attached to it. A thin client is an alternative to a full-function
client such as a workstation.
thread
A stream of computer instructions that is in control of
a process. In some operating systems, a thread is the smallest unit
of operation in a process. Several threads can run concurrently, performing
different jobs.
thread contention
A condition in which a thread is waiting for a lock or object
that another thread holds.
threshold
A setting that applies to an interrupt in a simulation that
defines when a process simulation should be halted based on a condition
existing for a specified proportion of occurrences of some event.
throughput
The measure of the amount of work performed by a device,
such as a computer or printer, over a period of time, for example,
number of jobs per day.
thumbnail
An icon-sized rendering of a larger graphic image that permits
a user to preview the image without opening a view or graphical editor.
timeout
A time interval that is allotted for an event to occur or
complete before operation is interrupted.
timer
A task that produces output at certain points in time.
timetable
A schedule of times. In business process modeling, timetables
are usually associated with resources or costs. For resources, timetables
indicate availability (such as Monday to Friday). For costs, timetables
are useful if the cost varies with time of day (such as electricity)
or time of year (such as seasonal foods).
time to live
The time interval in seconds that an entry can exist in
the cache before that entry is discarded.
timing constraint
A specialized validation action used to measure the duration
of a method call or a sequence of method calls. See also
validation action.
Tivoli Performance Viewer
A Java client that retrieves the Performance Monitoring
Infrastructure (PMI) data from an application server and displays
it in various formats.
token
1. A particular message or bit pattern that signifies
permission or temporary control to transmit over a network.
2.
A marker used to track the current state of a process instance during
a simulation run.
token bucket
A mechanism that controls data flow. As an application requests
permission into a network, the token bucket adds characters (or tokens)
into a buffer (or bucket). If enough room is available for all the
tokens in the bucket, the application is allowed to enter the network.
top-down development
In Web services, the process of developing a service from
a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) file. See also
bottom-up development.
top-down mapping
An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables,
in which existing enterprise beans and their design determines the
database design.
topic
A character string that describes the nature of the data
that is being published in a publish/subscribe system.
topic-based subscription
A subscription specified by a subscribing application that
includes a topic for filtering of publications.
topic security
The application of access control lists to one or more topics
to control subscriber access to published messages.
top-level business object
The individual business object at the top of a hierarchical
business object. It is a parent business object but does not itself
have a parent business object. See also
hierarchical
business object.
topology
1. The physical or logical mapping of the location of
networking components or nodes within a network. Common network topologies
include bus, ring, star, and tree.
2. In the broker domain,
the brokers, collectives, and connections between them.
touchpoint
A representation of an external system or application that
can generate events or receive actions.
trading partner
A company, such as a manufacturer or a supplier, that agrees
to exchange information using electronic data interchange, or an entity
in an organization that sends and receives documents that are translated.
See also
external partner.
trailer
A control structure that indicates the end of an electronic
transmission.
transactional collaboration
A collaboration that provides compensation for its service
calls and executes under the control of InterChange Server transaction
services. Such a collaboration can roll back when a runtime error
causes the collaboration to fail. See also
compensation,
minimum transaction level.
transaction class
A subcontainer of a service policy that is used for finer-grained
monitoring.
transaction identifier
A unique name that is assigned to a transaction and is used
to identify the actions associated with that transaction.
transaction level
The degree of transactional isolation that a transactional
collaboration provides. Transactional isolation involves keeping the
data that the transaction affects from being affected by other processes
(such as other collaborations). See also
minimum
transaction level.
transaction table
One of three types of database tables in the InterChange
Server repository, the transaction tables store the status of each
transaction being processed, which may include the action and business
objects, depending on the transaction level. The two other types of
database tables in the repository are the event management tables
and the repository tables.
transcoding technology
Content adaptation to meet the specific capabilities of
a client device.
transform
1. To convert a document from one form to another, such
as using a purchase order formatted as an XML document to create the
same purchase order formatted as an EDI document.
See also
translate.
2. A defined way in which a message
of one format is converted into one or more messages of another format.
transform algorithm
A procedure that is used to transform the message for Web
services security message processing, such as the C14N (canonicalization)
transform that is used for XML digital signatures.
Transformation API for XML
A programming interface that can transform XML and related
tree-shaped data structures.
transformation step
A segment of Java code that returns the value of a destination
attribute. A map contains one transformation step for each destination
attribute that is being transformed.
transition condition
A Boolean expression that determines when processing control
should be passed to the targeted node.
transition link
In a collaboration template's activity diagram, the line
that indicates control flow between two nodes. If more than one outcome
is possible between the nodes, each outcome is represented by a different
transition link that leads to a different execution path. Each transition
link may have an associated condition that is evaluated at runtime.
Flow passes along the transition link whose expression evaluates to
true. If the nodes have a single transition link, its condition is
assumed to be true. See also
control flow,
exception transition link,
normal
transition link.
translate
In early versions of WebSphere Data Interchange, to convert
a document from one form to another. See also
transform.
translation table
A user-defined table that is used to translate data values
that differ between the source and target documents. For example,
a manufacturer and supplier with different part numbers for the same
item can use a translation table to convert their part numbers to
the other company's part numbers during translation.
translator
A component, usually the Data Interchange Services translator
component, responsible for translating a document from one format
to another.
Transmission Control Protocol
A communication protocol used in the Internet and in any
network that follows the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards
for internetwork protocol. TCP provides a reliable host-to-host protocol
in packet-switched communication networks and in interconnected systems
of such networks. See also
Internet Protocol.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
An industry-standard, nonproprietary set of communication
protocols that provides reliable end-to-end connections between applications
over interconnected networks of different types.
transport
The request queue between a Web servers plug-in and a Web
container in which the Web modules of an application reside. When
a user requests an application from a Web browser, the request is
passed to the Web server, then along the transport to the Web container.
Transportation Data Coordinating Committee
An organization that sets standards for the motor, rail,
ocean, and air industries administered by EDIA. This is the original
EDI organization for the United States, and through it, the original
EDI Standards were developed, published, and maintained. It has now
changed its name to EDIA, and has become the national EDI user group
for the United States.
transport chain
A representation of a network protocol stack that is operating
within an application server.
transport channel chain
A specification of the transport channels that are used
by a server for receiving information. Transport channel chains contain
end points
Transport Layer Security
An Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)-defined security
protocol that is based on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and is specified
in RFC 2246.
trend analysis
A type of analysis that displays the analysis of the changes
in a given item of information over a period of time.
trigger
1. In database technology, a program that is automatically
called whenever a specified action is performed on a specific table
or view.
2. A mechanism that detects an occurrence and can cause
additional processing in response.
triggering event
The business object that a connector sends to subscribing
collaborations when an application event occurs.
triple Data Encryption Standard
A block cipher algorithm that can be used to encrypt data
transmitted between managed systems and the management server. Triple
DES is a security enhancement of DES that employs three successive
DES block operations.
trunk
In the CVS team development environment, the main stream
of development, also referred to as the HEAD stream.
trust anchor
A trusted keystore file that contains a trusted certificate
or a trusted root certificate that is used to assert the trust of
a certificate.
trust association
An integrated configuration between the security server
of the product and third-party security servers. A reverse proxy server
acts as a front-end authentication server, while the product applies
its own authorization policy onto the resulting credentials passed
by the proxy server.
trust association interceptor
The mechanism by which trust is validated in the product
environment for every request received by the proxy server. The method
of validation is agreed upon by the proxy server and the interceptor.
trusted identity evaluator
A mechanism that is used by a server to determine whether
to trust a user identity during identity assertion.
trust file
A file that contains signer certificates.
trust relationship
An established and trusted communication path through which
a computer in one domain can communicate with a computer in the other
domain. Users in a trusted domain can access resources in the trusting
domain.
truststore
In security, a storage object, either a file or a hardware
cryptographic card, where public keys are stored in the form of trusted
certificates, for authentication purposes in Web transactions. In
some applications, these trusted certificates are moved into the application
keystore to reside with the private keys. See also
keystore.
truststore file
A key database file that contains the public keys for a
trusted entity.
type
1. In Java programming, a class or interface.
2.
In a WSDL document, an element that contains data type definitions
using some type system (such as XSD).
3. A characteristic of
an element that describes its data content.
type hierarchy
The complete context for a Java class or interface including
its superclasses and subclasses.
W
waiter
A thread waiting for a connection.
warehouse
A persistent, historical data store for events (or messages).
The Warehouse node within a message flow supports the recording of
information in a database for subsequent retrieval and processing
by other applications.
watchpoint
A breakpoint that suspends execution when a specified field
or expression is modified.
Web application
An application that is accessible by a Web browser and that
provides some function beyond static display of information, for instance
by allowing the user to query a database. Common components of a Web
application include HTML pages, JSP pages, and servlets.
Web archive
A compressed file format, defined by the Java EE standard,
for storing all the resources required to install and run a Web application
in a single file. See also
enterprise archive,
Java archive.
Web browser
A client program that initiates requests to a Web server
and displays the information that the server returns.
Web component
A servlet, JavaServer Pages (JSP) file, or a HyperText Markup
Language (HTML) file. One or more Web components make up a Web module.
Web container
A container that implements the Web component contract of
the Java EE architecture. (Sun)
Web container channel
A type of channel within a transport chain that creates
a bridge in the transport chain between an HTTP inbound channel and
a servlet or JavaServer Pages (JSP) engine.
Web crawler
A type of crawler that explores the Web by retrieving a
Web document and following the links within that document.
Web diagram
A Struts file that uses icons and other images on a free-form
surface to help application developers visualize the flow structure
of a Struts-based Web application.
Web module
A unit that consists of one or more Web components and a
Web deployment descriptor. (Sun)
Web Ontology Language
A language that is used to explicitly represent the meaning
of terms in vocabularies and the relationships between those terms.
OWL is intended to be used when the information contained in documents
needs to be processed by applications, as opposed to situations where
the content only needs to be presented to humans. See also
ontology.
Web portal
A single point of access to information that is from logically
linked business services, presenting information from diverse sources
uniformly.
Web project
A container for other resources such as source files and
metadata that corresponds to the Java EE-defined container structure
and hierarchy of files necessary for Web applications to be deployed.
Web property extension
IBM extension to the standard deployment descriptors for
Web applications. These extensions include Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) filtering and servlet caching.
Web resource
Any one of the resources that are created during the development
of a Web application for example Web projects, HTML pages, JavaServer
Pages (JSP) files, servlets, custom tag libraries, and archive files.
Web resource collection
A list of URL patterns and HTTP methods that describe a
set of resources to be protected. (Sun)
Web server
A software program that is capable of servicing Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests.
Web server plug-in
A software module that supports the Web server in communicating
requests for dynamic content, such as servlets, to the application
server.
Web server separation
A topology where the Web server is physically separated
from the application server.
Web service
1. A self-contained, self-describing modular application
that can be published, discovered, and invoked over a network using
standard network protocols. Typically, XML is used to tag the data,
SOAP is used to transfer the data, WSDL is used for describing the
services available, and UDDI is used for listing what services are
available.
2. An application that performs specific tasks and
is accessible through open protocols such as HTTP and SOAP.
Web service endpoint
An entity that is the destination for Web service messages.
A Web service endpoint has a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) address
and is described by a Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) port
element.
Web service interface
A group of operations described by the content of a Web
Service Definition Language (WSDL) 1.1 port element. These operations
can provide access to resource properties and metadata. (OASIS)
Web Services Business Process Execution Language
Web Services Description Language
An XML-based specification for describing networked services
as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented
or procedure-oriented information.
Web Services Interoperability
An open industry organization that is chartered to promote
Web services interoperability across platforms, operating systems,
and programming languages.
Web Services Interoperability Organization
An open industry organization that promotes Web services
interoperability across platforms, operating systems, and programming
languages.
Web Services Invocation Framework
A Java API that supports dynamic invoking of Web services,
regardless of the format in which the service is implemented or the
access mechanism.
Web Services Invocation Language
An XML document format that facilitates the discovery of
existing Web services and provides a set of rules for how inspection-related
information should be made available for consumption.
Web Services Policy Framework
A model and framework for describing the capabilities, requirements,
and general characteristics of a Web service as a policy assertion
or a collection of policy assertions.
Web site
A related collection of files available on the Web that
is managed by a single entity (an organization or an individual) and
contains information in hypertext for its users. A Web site often
includes hypertext links to other Web sites.
WebSphere
An IBM brand name that encompasses tools for developing
e-business applications and middleware for running Web applications.
WebSphere BI for FN Extension for SWIFTNet
The extension supporting the SWIFTNet services InterAct
and FIN. It also provides the integration of SWIFT Alliance Gateway
(SAG).
WebSphere BI for FN message
A WebSphere MQ message that has a folder labeled ComIbmDni
in the MQRFH2 header. This folder provides the data that is required
by WebSphere BI for FN to process the message.
WebSphere business integration administrator
The person who has the access and responsibility to install,
configure, and maintain the WebSphere business integration system.
On an NT system, the WebSphere business integration administrator
account is set up with administrator privileges, while on a UNIX system,
the WebSphere business integration administrator account is a user
account with write privileges, set up by the root user.
WebSphere business integration system
An enterprise solution that moves information among diverse
sources to perform business exchanges, and that processes and routes
information among disparate applications in the enterprise environment.
The business integration system consists of an integration broker
and one or more adapters.
WebSphere Common Configuration Model
A model that provides for programmatic access to configuration
data.
WebSphere InterChange Server Access
WebSphere MQ
A family of IBM licensed programs that provides message
queuing services.
WebSphere MQ Enterprise Transport
A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration
Message Broker that enables WebSphere MQ application clients to connect
to brokers.
WebSphere MQ Mobile Transport
A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration
Message Broker that enables WebSphere MQ Everyplace application clients
to connect to brokers.
WebSphere MQ Multicast Transport
A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration
Message Broker that enables dedicated JMS application clients to connect
to brokers. This protocol is optimized for high volume, one-to-many
publish/subscribe topologies.
WebSphere MQ Real-time Transport
A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration
Message Broker that enables dedicated JMS application clients to connect
to brokers.
WebSphere MQ Telemetry Transport
A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration
Message Broker that enables SCADA devices to connect to brokers. This
protocol is a lightweight publish/subscribe protocol that flows over
TCP/IP that uses a subset of UTF-8.
WebSphere MQ Web Services Transport
A transport protocol supported by WebSphere Business Integration
Message Broker that enables HTTP compliant application clients to
connect to brokers.
what you see is what you get
A capability of an editor to continually display pages exactly
as they will be printed or otherwise rendered.
while loop
A loop that repeats the same sequence of activities as long
as some condition is satisfied. The while loop tests its condition
at the beginning of every loop. If the condition is false from the
start, the sequence of activities contained in the loop never runs.
wildcard character
A special character such as an asterisk (*) or a question
mark (?) that can be used to represent one or more characters. Any
character or set of characters can replace the wildcard character.
wire
1. A connector used to pass control and data from a component
or an export to a target.
2. To connect two or more components
or cooperative portlets so that they work together. In an application,
wiring identifies target services; for portlets changes in the source
portlet automatically update the target portlets.
Wireless Application Protocol
An open industry standard for mobile Internet access that
allows mobile users with wireless devices to easily and instantly
access and interact with information and services.
wireless bitmap
A graphic format that is optimized for mobile computing
devices. WBMP is part of the Wireless Application Protocol, Wireless
Application Environment Specification.
Wireless Markup Language
A markup language based on XML that is used to present content
and user interfaces for wireless devices such as cellular phones,
pagers, and personal digital assistants.
wizard
An active form of help that guides users through each step
of a particular task.
workbench
The user interface and integrated development environment
(IDE) in Eclipse and Eclipse-based tools such as IBM Rational Application
Developer.
work class
A mechanism for grouping specific work together that must
be associated with a common service policy or routing policy. Work
classes group Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) or Web services
from an application.
workflow
The sequence of activities performed in accordance with
the business processes of an enterprise.
working set
A logical collection of application projects that you can
use to limit the number of resources that are displayed in the Broker
Application Development perspective. See also
active
working set.
work item
In the human task editor, the representation of a task.
Staff members can browse all work items that they have the authority
to claim.
workload management
The optimization of the distribution of incoming work requests
to the application servers, enterprise beans, servlets and other objects
that can effectively process the request.
Workload Manager
A component of z/OS that provides the ability to run multiple
workloads at the same time within one z/OS image or across multiple
images.
work manager
A thread pool for Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java
EE) applications.
work object
A type of asynchronous bean that applications implement
to run code blocks asynchronously.
workspace
1. In Eclipse, the collection of projects and other resources
that the user is currently developing in the workbench. Metadata about
these resources resides in a directory on the file system; the resources
might reside in the same directory.
2. A temporary repository
of configuration information that administrative clients use.
3.
A directory on disk that contains all project files, as well as information
such as preferences.
World Wide Web Consortium
An international industry consortium set up to develop common
protocols to promote evolution and interoperability of the World Wide
Web.
wrapper
1. An alternate and supported interface that hides unsupported
data types required by a server object behind a thin intermediate
server object.
2. An object that encapsulates and delegates
to another object to alter its interface or behavior in some way.
(Sun)
wrapper business object
A top-level business object that groups child business objects
for a component to use in a single operation or contains processing
information about its child business object. See also
request business object,
response
business object.
wrapper collaboration
A collaboration that handles the verification or synchronization
of a business object for another collaboration. Using a wrapper collaboration
is important when a collaboration's triggering business object references
another top-level business object, as when an Order references Customer.
To isolate and preserve the integrity of the referenced data, the
first collaboration creates a business object for the referenced data
and sends it to a specific wrapper collaboration for further handling.
WSDL document
A file that provides a set of definitions that describe
a Web service in Web Services Description Language (WSDL) format.