With the registry implementation for the local operating system, the WebSphere Application Server authentication mechanism can use the user accounts database of the local operating system.
If you want to use the local
operating system registry to represent the principals who access your
WebSphere Application Server resources, you do not have to complete
any special user registry setup steps. The local operating system
registry is used for authentication and authorization of users who
access WebSphere Application Server resources, but not for WebSphere
Application Server users who access operating system resources. WebSphere
Application Server does not run under the operating system user profile
of Application Server users. Instead, WebSphere Application Server
runs under the operating system profile that is configured by the
Application Server administrator.
If you want to authorize a user for any WebSphere
Application Server resource, a user profile for that user must exist
in the operating system. Use the Create User Profile (CRTUSRPRF) command
to create new user IDs that can be used by WebSphere Application Server
Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a centralized registry. Most local
operating system registries are not centralized registries.
WebSphere
Application Server provides implementations for the Windows local
accounts registry and domain registry, as well as implementations
for the Linux, Solaris, and AIX user accounts registries. Windows
Active Directory is supported through the LDAP user registry implementation
discussed later.
Do
not use a local operating system registry in a WebSphere Application
Server environment where application servers are dispersed across
more than one machine because each machine has its own user registry.
The Windows domain registry and Network Information
Services (NIS) are exceptions. Both the Windows domain registry and
Network Information Services (NIS) are centralized registries. The
Windows domain registry is supported by WebSphere Application Server;
however, NIS is not supported.
As
mentioned previously, the access IDs taken from the user registry
are used during authorization checks. Because these IDs are typically
unique identifiers, they vary from machine to machine, even if the
exact users and passwords exist on each machine.
Web
client certificate authentication is not currently supported when
using the local operating system user registry. However, Java client
certificate authentication does function with a local operating user
registry. Java client certificate authentication maps the first attribute
of the certificate domain name to the user ID in the user registry.
CWSCJ0337E: The mapCertificate method is not supported
The error is intended for Web client certificates; however, it also displays for Java client certificates. Ignore this error for Java client certificates. A local
operating system registry is a centralized registry within a sysplex.
WebSphere
Application Server uses the System Authorization Facility (SAF) interfaces.
SAF interfaces are defined by MVS to enable applications to use system
authorization services or registries to control access to resources
such as data sets and MVS commands. SAF allows security authorization
requests to be processed directly through the Resource Access Control
Facility (RACF) or a third party z/OS security provider. You must
provide a mapping from a user registry identity to a SAF user ID unless
you select local operating system as the user registry. For more information,
see Custom System Authorization Facility mapping modules.
Web client
certificate authentication is supported when using the local operating
system user registry. Digital certificates can be mapped to MVS identities
by both Web and Java clients when you select Local OS. A certificate
name filter can be used to simplify the mapping. If you are using
RACF as the security server, the RACDCERT MAP command creates
a resource profile that maps multiple user identities to a digital
certificate to simplify administration of certificates, conserve storage
space in the RACF database, maintain accountability, or maintain access
control granularity.
The user that is running the WebSphere Application Server process requires enough operating system privilege to call the Windows systems application programming interface (API) for authenticating and obtaining user and group information from the Windows operating system. This user logs into the machine, or if running as a service, is the Log On As user. Depending on the machine and whether the machine is a standalone machine or a machine that is part of a domain or is the domain controller, the access requirements vary.
The user is a domain user and not a local user, which implies that when a machine is part of a domain, only a domain user can start the server.
When WebSphere Application Server is started, the security run-time initialization process dynamically attempts to determine if the local machine is a member of a Windows domain. If the machine is part of a domain then by default both the local registry users or groups and the domain registry users or groups can be used for authentication and authorization purposes with the domain registry taking precedence. The list of users and groups that is presented during the security role mapping includes users and groups from both the local user registry and the domain user registry. The users and groups can be distinguished by the associated host names.
WebSphere Application Server does not support trusted domains.
If the machine is not a member of a Windows system domain, the user registry local to that machine is used.
In general, if the local and the domain registries do not contain common users or groups, it is simpler to administer and it eliminates unfavorable side effects. If possible, give users and groups access to unique security roles, including the server ID and administrative roles. In this situation, select the users and groups from either the local user registry or the domain user registry to map to the roles.
In cases where the same users or groups exist in both the local user registry and the domain user registry, it is recommended that at least the server ID and the users and groups that are mapped to the administrative roles be unique in the registries and exist only in the domain.
If a common set of users exists, set a different password to make sure that the appropriate user is authenticated.
When a machine is part of a domain, the domain user registry takes precedence over the local user registry. For example, when a user logs into the system, the domain user registry tries to authenticate the user first. If authentication fails, the local user registry is used. When a user or a group is mapped to a role, the user and group information is first obtained from the domain user registry. In case of failure, the local user registry is tried.
Authorizing with the domain user registry first can cause problems if a user exists in both the domain and local user registries with the same password. Role-based authorization can fail in this situation because the user is first authenticated within the domain user registry. This authentication produces a unique domain security ID that is used in WebSphere Application Server during the authorization check. However, the local user registry is used for role assignment. The domain security ID does not match the unique security ID that is associated with the role. To avoid this problem, map security roles to domain users instead of local users.
Only a centralized repository can be used if more than one node is involved. This usage implies that only the domain user registry can be used because the user and group unique IDs (SIDs) differ on various nodes, as previously mentioned.
. If you want to access users and groups from either the local or the domain user registry, instead of both, set the com.ibm.websphere.registry.UseRegistry property. This property can be set to either local or domain. When this property is set to local (case insensitive) only the local user registry is used. When this property is set to domain, (case insensitive) only the domain user registry is used.
For WebSphere Application Server local operating
system registry to work on the Linux and Solaris platforms, a shadow
password file must exist. The shadow password file is named shadow and
is located in the /etc directory. If the shadow password
file does not exist, an error occurs after enabling administrative
security and configuring the registry as local operating system.
To create the shadow file, run the pwconv command (with no parameters). This command creates an /etc/shadow file from the /etc/passwd file. After creating the shadow file, you can enable local operating system security successfully.