Glossary for the Rational Software Development Platform

This glossary includes terms and definitions for the Rational Software Development Platform.

The following cross-references are used in this glossary:
  1. See refers you from a term to a preferred synonym, or from an acronym or abbreviation to the defined full form.
  2. See also refers you to a related or contrasting term.

To view glossaries for other IBM products, go to http://www-306.ibm.com/software/globalization/terminology/

abstract schema
Part of the deployment descriptor for an entity bean that is used to define the bean's relationships, persistent fields, or query statements.
abstract test
A component or unit test that is used to test Java interfaces, abstract classes, and superclasses; that cannot be run on its own; and that does not include a test suite. See also component test.
Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)
In Java programming, a collection of GUI components that were implemented using native-platform versions of the components. These components provide that subset of functionality which is common to all operating system environments. (Sun) See also Swing Set, Standard Widget Toolkit.
access bean
An enterprise bean wrapper that is typically used by client programs, such as JSP files and servlets. Access beans hide the complexity of using enterprise beans and improve the performance of reading and writing multiple EJB properties.
access control
In computer security, the process of ensuring that users can access only those resources of a computer system for which they are authorized.
accessibility
An attribute of a software or hardware product that is usable by individuals who have disabilities.
access intent
Metadata that optimizes and controls the runtime behavior of an entity bean with respect to concurrency control, resource management, and database access strategies.
Action class
In Struts, the superclass of all action classes.
action mapping
A Struts configuration file entry that associates an action name with an Action class, a form bean, and a local forward.
action set
In Eclipse, a group of commands that a perspective contributes to the main toolbar and menu bar.
activation
In EJB, the process of transferring an enterprise bean from secondary storage to memory. (Sun)
activity
A ClearCase Unified Change Management (UCM) object that tracks the work required to complete a development task. An activity includes a text headline, which describes the task, and a change set, which identifies all versions that developers create or modify while working on the activity.
activity log
An audit trail of every function that has altered the data in the active ledger.
administrative VOB
A versioned object base (VOB) that contains global type objects. Local copies of global type objects can be created in any VOB that has an AdminVOB hyperlink to the administrative VOB that defines the global type object.
agent
A program that automatically performs a specific service, such as data collection, without user intervention or on a regular schedule.
Agent Controller
A daemon process that resides on each deployment host and provides the mechanism by which client applications either launch new host processes or attach to agents that coexist within existing processes on the host.
aggregation
The structured collection of data objects for subsequent presentation within a portal.
AJAX
See Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
alias
In EGL generation, a name that is placed in the output source file in place of the name that was in the EGL source code. In most cases, the original name is aliased because it was not valid in the target generation language.
anonymous user
A user who does not use a valid user ID and password to log into a site.
Apache HTTP Server
An open-source Web server. IBM offers a Web server, called the IBM HTTP Server, which is based on Apache.
APAR
See authorized program analysis report.
API
See application programming interface.
applet
A small application program that performs a specific task and is usually portable between operating systems. Often written in Java, applets can be downloaded from the Internet and run in a Web browser.
application client
In J2EE, a first-tier client component that executes in its own Java virtual machine. Application clients have access to some J2EE platform APIs, for example JNDI, JDBC, RMI-IIOP, and JMS. (Sun)
application client module
A Java archive (JAR) file that contains a client that accesses a Java application. The Java application runs inside a client container and can connect to remote or client-side J2EE resources.
Application Client project
A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a first-tier client component that executes in its own Java virtual machine.
application programming interface (API)
An interface that allows an application program that is written in a high-level language to use specific data or functions of the operating system or another program.
application server
A program in a distributed network that provides the execution environment for an application program.
artifact
A physical piece of information that is used or produced by a software development process. Examples of artifacts include models, source files, scripts, and binary executable files.
association
In enterprise beans, a relationship that exists between two container-managed persistence (CMP) entity beans. There are two types of association: one-to-one and one-to-many.
For XML documents, the linkage of the document itself to the rules that govern its structure, which may be defined by a Document Type Definition (DTD) or an XML schema.
ASYNC
See asynchronous.
asynchronous (ASYNC)
Pertaining to events that are not synchronized in time or do not occur in regular or predictable time intervals.
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
A group of technologies used to create dynamic, interactive Web pages that respond quickly to requests through the exchange of smaller chunks of data. AJAX uses a combination of existing technologies and protocols including XHTML, CSS, XML, client-side scripting languages such as JavaScript, Document Object Model, and an asynchronous data retrieval mechanism such as XMLHttpRequest.
attribute
A characteristic or trait of an entity that describes the entity; for example, the telephone number of an employee is one of that employee's attributes.
authentication
The security service that provides proof that a user of a computer system is genuinely who that person claims to be. Common mechanisms for implementing this service are passwords and digital signatures. Authentication is distinct from authorization; authentication is not concerned with granting or denying access to system resources.
authorization
The method that determines which portlets a user or a user group can access.
authorized program analysis report (APAR)
A request for correction of a defect in a current release of an IBM-supplied program.
AWT
See Abstract Window Toolkit. See also Swing Set, Standard Widget Toolkit.
Axis
An implementation of SOAP on which Java Web services can be implemented.
B2B
See business-to-business.
BA
See basic authentication.
baseline
A ClearCase Unified Change Management (UCM) object that typically represents a stable configuration for one or more components. A baseline identifies activities and one version of every element that is visible in one or more components. Developers can create a development stream or rebase an existing development stream from a baseline.
base time
The time spent executing a particular method. Base time does not include time spent in other Java methods that this method calls.
basic authentication (BA)
An authentication method that uses a user name and a password.
basic program
A type of EGL program part that performs tasks without interacting with users in real time.
bean
A definition or instance of a JavaBeans component. See also enterprise bean, JavaBeans.
bean class
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a Java class that implements a javax.ejb.EntityBean class or javax.ejb.SessionBean class.
bean-managed persistence (BMP)
The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean. (Sun) See also container-managed persistence.
bind
To establish a connection between software components on a network using an agreed-to protocol. In Web services, the bind operation occurs when the service requestor invokes or initiates an interaction with the service at run time using the binding details in the service description to locate, contact, and invoke the service.
BMP
See bean-managed persistence. See also container-managed persistence.
bottleneck
A place in the system where contention for a resource is affecting performance.
bottom-up development
In Web services, the process of developing a service from an existing artifact such as a Java bean or enterprise bean rather than a Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) file. See also top-down development.
bottom-up mapping
In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which the schema is first imported from an existing database and then enterprise beans and mappings are generated.
boundary class
In performance profiling, a class that is normally excluded in the filtering criteria, but which is directly invoked by the classes that are included as filters.
branch
An object that specifies a linear sequence of versions of an element. Each branch is an instance of a branch type object.
In the CVS team development environment, a separate line of development where changes can be isolated. When a programmer changes files on a branch, those changes do not appear on the main trunk or other branches.
breakpoint
A specified point in a program where the system stops processing and can be resumed after manual intervention.
build
The process during which a ClearCase build program (clearmake, clearaudit, or omake) produces one or more derived objects. This may involve actual translation of source files and construction of binary files by compilers, linkers, text formatters, and so on. A system build consists of a combination of actual target rebuilds and build avoidance.
To create or modify resources, usually based on the state of other resources. A Java builder converts Java source files into executable class files, for example, and a Web link builder updates links to files whose name or location has changed.
build avoidance
The ability of a ClearCase build program to fulfill a build request by using an existing derived object instead of creating a new one by executing a build script. The build program can reuse a derived object currently in the view or wink in a derived object that exists in another view. The process by which the build program decides how to produce a derived object is called configuration lookup.
build descriptor option
In a build descriptor part, a property that helps control generation or preparation.
build descriptor part
An EGL part that controls the generation process through option-and-value pairs that specify how to generate and prepare output.
build path
The path that is used during compilation of Java source code, in order to find referenced classes that reside in other projects.
build plan
An XML file that defines the processing necessary to build generation outputs and that specifies the machine where processing takes place.
business entity
In Web services programming, a data structure type that contains information about the business that has published the service. The business entity is specified when the service is registered.
business method
A method of an enterprise bean that implements the business logic or rules of an application. (Sun)
business service
In Web services programming, a data structure type that contains information about groups of Web services.The business service structure is specified when a service is registered.
business-to-business (B2B)
Refers to Internet applications that exchange information or execute transactions between businesses.
bytecode
Machine-independent code generated by the Java compiler and executed by the Java interpreter. (Sun)
C2A
See Click-to-Action. See also cooperative portlets, wire.
call stack
A list of data elements that is constructed and maintained by the by the Java virtual machine (JVM) for a program to successfully call and return from a method.
capability
In Eclipse, a group of functions that can be hidden or revealed in order to simplify the user interface. Capabilities are enabled or disabled by changing preference settings.
cascading style sheet (CSS)
A file that defines a hierarchical set of style rules for controlling the rendering of HTML or XML files in browsers, viewers, or in print.
change set
A list of related versions associated with a Unified Change Management (UCM) activity. ClearCase records the versions that developers create while working on an activity. An activity uses a change set to record the versions of files that are delivered, integrated, and released together.
channel
A specialized Web application within a portal to which a user can subscribe.
cheat sheet
An interface that guides users through the wizards and steps required to perform a complex task, and that links to relevant sections of the online help.
check box
A square box with associated text that represents a choice. When a user selects the choice, the check box is filled to indicate that the choice is selected. The user can clear the check box by selecting the choice again, thereby deselecting the choice.
checked-out version
The view-private file that corresponds to the object created in a VOB database by the checkout command. See also version.
check in
In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems, to copy files back into the repository after changing them.
checkin
The second part of the two-part process that extends a branch of an element's version tree with a new version. Checkin completes the process by creating the new version.
check out
In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems, to copy the latest revision of a file from the repository so that it can be modified.
cHTML
See Compact Hypertext Markup Language.
class
In object-oriented design or programming, a model or template that can be used to create objects with a common definition and common properties, operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of a class.
class diagram
A diagram that shows a collection of declarative (static) model elements, such as classes, types, and their contents and relationships.
class file
A compiled Java source file.
class hierarchy
The relationships between classes that share a single inheritance.
class loader
Part of the Java virtual machine (JVM) that is responsible for finding and loading class files. A class loader affects the packaging of applications and the runtime behavior of packaged applications deployed on application servers.
class path
A list of directories and JAR files that contain resource files or Java classes that a program can load dynamically at run time.
class statistics
Statistical information that includes information such as the number of instances of the class in the application, the CPU time spent in that class, the number of calls made to the class, and so on.
ClearCase administrators group
On Windows systems, a special group that is usually created in the Windows domain when ClearCase is installed. Only ClearCase administrative accounts and the login account for the ALBD Service should be members of this group.
ClearCase registry
A set of files on the registry server host that map logical versioned object base (VOB) and view names (VOB tags and view tags) to physical storage locations (VOB storage directories and view storage directories).
Click-to-Action (C2A)
A method for implementing cooperative portlets, whereby users can click an icon on a source portlet to transfer data to one or more target portlets. See also cooperative portlets, wire.
client
A system or process that is dependent on another system or process (usually called the server) to provide it with access to data, services, programs, or resources. See also server, host.
client proxy
An object on the client side of a network connection that provides a remote procedure call interface to a service on the server side.
client/server
Pertaining to the model of interaction in distributed data processing in which a program on one computer sends a request to a program on another computer and awaits a response. The requesting program is called a client; the answering program is called a server. See also distributed application.
clipboard
An area of computer memory, or storage, that temporarily holds data. Data in the clipboard is available to other applications.
clock time
The elapsed time in real time. Clock time differs from CPU time as thread switches and process context switches introduce uncertainty in performance calculation; clock time does not account for this execution behavior.
CMP
See container-managed persistence. See also bean-managed persistence.
code assist
See content assist.
collaboration
The ability to connect customers, employees, or business partners to the people and processes in a business or organization, in order to facilitate improved decision-making. Collaboration involves two or more individuals with complementary skills interacting together to resolve a business problem.
common area
In a Web page that is based on a page template, the fixed region of the page.
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
An architecture and a specification for distributed object-oriented computing that separates client and server programs with a formal interface definition. See also Internet Inter-ORB Protocol.
Compact Hypertext Markup Language (cHTML)
A format for publishing hypertext information on wireless devices.
compilation unit
A portion of a computer program sufficiently complete to be compiled correctly.
complex type
In XML, a type that allows elements in its content and may carry attributes. See also simple type.
component
In Eclipse, one or more plug-ins that work together to deliver a discrete set of functions.
A ClearCase object that is used to group a set of related directory and file elements within a Unified Change Management (UCM) project. Typically, the elements that make up a component are developed, integrated, and released together. A project must contain at least one component, and it can contain multiple components. Projects can share components.
A reusable object or program that performs a specific function and is designed to work with other components and applications.
component test
An automated test of one or more components of an enterprise application, which may include Java classes, EJB beans, or Web services. A component test comprises a Java test script based on the JUnit framework plus validation actions, initialization points, timing constraints, and associated test data that is maintained separately from the test script. See also abstract test, test pattern.
composer
In EJB, a class used to map a single complex bean field to multiple database columns. Composition is needed for complex fields that are themselves objects with fields and behavior.
concrete portlet
A logical representation of a portlet object distinguished by a unique configuration parameter (PortletSettings). You can have multiple concrete portlets for each portlet object.
Concurrent Versions System (CVS)
An open-source, network-transparent version control system.
config spec
See configuration specification.
configuration file
A Struts file that contains information about data sources, form beans, global forwards, and action mappings.
configuration specification (config spec)
A set of rules that specify which versions of VOB elements a view selects. The config spec for a snapshot view also specifies which elements to load into the view.
connection factory
A set of configuration values that produces connections that enable a J2EE component to access a resource. Connection factories provide on-demand connections from an application to an enterprise information system (EIS).
connector
A servlet that provides a portlet access to external sources of content, for example, a news feed from a Web site of a local television station.
In J2EE, a standard extension mechanism for containers to provide connectivity to enterprise information systems (EISs). A connector consists of a resource adapter and application development tools (Sun). See also container.
container
A column or row that is used to arrange the layout of a portlet or other container on a page.
An entity that provides life-cycle management, security, deployment, and runtime services to components. (Sun) See also resource adapter, connector.
container-managed persistence (CMP)
The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean's container. (Sun) See also bean-managed persistence.
container-managed transaction
A transaction whose boundaries are defined by an EJB container. An entity bean must use container-managed transactions. (Sun)
container transaction
See container-managed transaction.
content area
In a Web page that is based on a page template, the editable region of the page.
content assist
A feature of some source editors that prompts the user with a list of valid alternatives for completing the current line of code or input field.
contention
A situation in which a transaction attempts to lock a row or table that is already locked.
content model
The representation of any data that may be contained inside an XML element. There are four kinds of content models: element content, mixed content, EMPTY content and ANY content.
content provider
A source for content that can be incorporated into a portal page as a portlet.
content spot
A class file that is added to a JSP file to designate display of personalized data or content. Each content spot has a name and will accept a specific type of data from a rule.
context root
The Web application root, which is the top-level directory of an application when it is deployed to a Web server.
control
See widget.
converter
In EJB programming, a class that translates a database representation to an object type and back.
cooperative portlets
Two or more portlets on the same Web page that interact by sharing information. An action or event in the source portlet triggers changes in the target portlets. See also Click-to-Action, wire, property broker.
copy helper
An access bean that contains a local copy of attributes from a remote entity bean. Unlike Java bean wrappers, copy helpers are optimized for use with a single instance of an entity bean.
CORBA
See Common Object Request Broker Architecture. See also Internet Inter-ORB Protocol.
create method
In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to create an enterprise bean. (Sun)
CSS
See cascading style sheet.
cumulative time
The time that a method spends on the execution stack, including both time spent in the method itself and in other methods that it calls.
custom action
In JSP programming, an action described in a portable manner by a tag library descriptor and a collection of Java classes and imported into a JSP page by a taglib directive. (Sun)
custom finder
See finder method.
customization
The modification of a portal page or portlet by a user. WebSphere Portal enables a user to customize a portal page by modifying the page layout and by selecting which portlets will display per device. See also personalization.
customizer
A Java class (implementing the java.beans.Customizer interface) that is associated with a bean to provide a richer user interface for that bean's properties.
custom tag
An extension to the JavaServer Pages (JSP) language that performs a specialized task. Custom tags are usually distributed in the form of a tag library, which also contains the Java classes that implement the tags.
CVS
See Concurrent Versions System.
DAD
See document access definition.
DAD script
A file that is used by the DB2 XML Extender, either to compose XML documents from existing DB2 data or to decompose XML documents into DB2 data.
DADX
See document access definition extension.
DADX group
A folder that contains database connection (JDBC and JNDI) and other information that is shared between DADX files within the group.
DADX runtime
In a DADX Web service, the period of time during which SOAP requests are sent to the new Web service. The DADX runtime environment provides information to the DADX Web service, including the HTTP GET and POST bindings, the test page, WSDL generation, and the translation of DTD data into XML schema data.
daemon
A program that runs unattended to perform continuous or periodic functions, such as network control.
data class
An access bean that provides data storage and access methods for caching enterprise bean properties. Unlike copy helpers, data class access beans work with enterprise beans that have local client views as well as remote client views.
data definition
A data object that defines a database or table.
Data Definition Language (DDL)
A language for describing data and its relationships in a database.
data item
In EGL, an area of memory that is not in a structure and is based either on a data item part or on an explicit primitive-type description such as CHAR(3).
data object
Any object (such as tables, views, indexes, functions, triggers, and packages) that can be created or manipulated using SQL statements.
data object filter
A control that allows the exclusion of data objects (such as tables and schemas) from the tree view of the database.
data part
An EGL definition that specifies a data structure. The types of data parts are dataItem, dataTable, and record parts.
data source
In JDBC, an interface that provides a logical representation of a pool of connections to a physical data source. Data source objects provide application portability by making it unnecessary to supply information specific to a particular database driver.
DB2
A family of IBM licensed programs for relational database management.
DB2 XML Extender
A program that is used to store and manage XML documents in DB2 tables. Well-formed and validated XML documents can be generated from existing relational data, stored as column data, and the content of XML elements and attributes can be stored in DB2 tables.
DDL
See Data Definition Language.
deadlock
A condition in which two independent threads of control are blocked, each waiting for the other to take some action. Deadlock often arises from adding synchronization mechanisms to avoid race conditions.
debug engine
The server component of the debugger, whose client/server design enables both local and remote debugging. The debug engine runs on the same system as the program being debugged.
debugger
A tool used to detect and trace errors in computer programs.
debugging session
The debugging activities that occur between the time that a developer starts a debugger and the time that the developer exits from it.
declaration
In Java programming, a statement that establishes an identifier and associates attributes with it, without necessarily reserving its storage or providing the implementation. (Sun)
decoration
In graphical user interfaces (GUIs), a glyph that annotates a resource with status information, for example to indicate that a file has changed since it was last saved or checked out of a repository.
deliver
A ClearCase operation in which developers merge the work from their own development streams to the project's integration stream or to a feature-specific development stream. If required, the deliver operation invokes the Merge Manager to merge versions.
deploy
To place files or install software into an operational environment. In J2EE, this involves creating a deployment descriptor suitable to the type of application that is being deployed.
deployment code
Additional code that enables bean implementation code written by an application developer to work in a particular EJB runtime environment. Deployment code can be generated by tools that the application server vendor supplies.
deployment descriptor
An XML file that describes how to deploy a module or application by specifying configuration and container options. For example, an EJB deployment descriptor passes information to an EJB container about how to manage and control an enterprise bean.
deployment directory
The directory where the published server configuration and Web application are located on the machine where the application server is installed.
deprecated
Pertaining to an entity, such as a programming element or feature, that is supported but no longer recommended and that might become obsolete.
derived object (DO)
An MVFS file produced by a clearmake or omake build or a clearaudit session. Each derived object is associated with the configuration record that is created by the ClearCase build program to document the build. A shareable DO can be winked in by other views; a nonshareable DO cannot be winked in unless you explicitly make it available.
deserializer
A method for converting a serialized variable into object data. See also serializer.
development stream
A ClearCase Unified Change Management (UCM) object that determines which versions of elements appear in a development view and maintains a list of a developer's activities. The development stream configures the development view to select the versions associated with the foundation baselines plus any activities and versions that developers create after they join the project or rebase their development stream.
dialog box
A secondary window that solicits user input for a specific task or subtask. Common examples are the Print and Save As dialog boxes. Dialog boxes are modal; that is, they must be closed before the user can continue working in the window that launched the dialog box.
directive
A first-failure data capture (FFDC) construct that may be contained in a WebSphere Application Server symptom database in order to provide information and suggested actions to assist a diagnostic module in customizing the data that is logged.
discover
In UDDI, to browse the business registry to locate existing Web services for integration.
distributed application
An application made up of distinct components that are physically located on different computer systems, connected by a network. See also client/server.
DO
See derived object.
document access definition (DAD)
An XML document format used by DB2 XML Extender to define the mapping between XML and relational data.
document access definition extension (DADX)
An XML document format that specifies how to create a Web service using a set of operations that are defined by DAD documents and SQL statements.
Document Object Model (DOM)
A system in which a structured document, for example an XML file, is viewed as a tree of objects that can be programmatically accessed and updated.
document type definition (DTD)
The rules that specify the structure for a particular class of SGML or XML documents. The DTD defines the structure with elements, attributes, and notations, and it establishes constraints for how each element, attribute, and notation can be used within the particular class of documents.
DOM
See Document Object Model.
DOM element
One member of a tree of elements that is created when an XML file is parsed with a DOM parser. DOM elements make it easy to quickly identify all elements in the source XML file.
Domino directory
A database that provides a domain-wide directory of Domino servers, users, certifiers, foreign domains, and groups. It also contains documents that manage server-to-server communication and server programs.
drop-down
Pertaining to a list or menu that opens when clicked and stays open until the user selects a menu or list item or clicks elsewhere in the user interface.
DTD
See document type definition.
dynaform
An instance of a DynaActionForm class or subclass that stores HTML form data from a submitted client request or that stores input data from a link that a user clicked.
dynamic view
A view that is always current with the versioned object base (VOB) (as specified by the config spec). Dynamic views use the multiversion file system (MVFS) to create and maintain a directory tree that contains versions of VOB elements and view-private files.
dynamic Web content
Programming elements such as JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, servlets, and scripts that require client or server-side processing for accurate runtime rendering in a Web browser.
dynamic Web project
A project that contains resources for a Web application with dynamic content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files. The structure of a dynamic Web project reflects the J2EE standard for Web content, classes, class paths, the deployment descriptor, and so on.
EAR
See enterprise archive. See also Web archive, Java archive.
EAR file
See also Web archive, Java archive. See enterprise archive.
EAR project
See enterprise application project.
e-business
The transaction of business over an electronic medium such as the Internet.
Eclipse
An open-source initiative that provides ISVs and other tool developers with a standard platform for developing plug-compatible application development tools.
eclipsed
Pertaining to a versioned object base (VOB) object that is not visible because another object with the same name is currently selected by the view.
Eclipse Modeling Framework
The Eclipse components that define and implement structured data models, which are a set of related classes that are used to handle data in applications.
editor area
In Eclipse and Eclipse-based products, the area in the workbench window where files are opened for editing.
EGL
See Enterprise Generation Language.
EGL build file
An XML file with an .eglbld extension, used to store definitions of EGL build parts.
EGL file
An Enterprise Generation Language program file (extension .eglpgm), definitions file (extension .egldef), or build file (extension .eglbld).
EGL keyword
A term that begins an EGL statement that is neither a function invocation nor an assignment statement. Keywords include add and delete.
EGL source file
A text file with an .egl extension, used to store definitions of EGL data, logic, and UI parts.
EGL statement
A directive that is coded into an EGL function part to cause an action when the generated program runs. Examples include an EGL assignment statement and an EGL add statement.
EIS
See enterprise information system. See also resource adapter.
EJB
See Enterprise JavaBeans.
EJB bean
See also bean. See enterprise bean.
EJB container
A container that implements the EJB component contract of the J2EE architecture. This contract specifies a runtime environment for enterprise beans that includes security, concurrency, life cycle management, transaction, deployment, and other services. (Sun) See also EJB server.
EJB factory
An access bean that simplifies the creating or finding of an enterprise bean instance.
EJB home object
In EJB, an object that provides the life cycle operations (create, remove, find) for an enterprise bean. (Sun)
EJB inheritance
A form of inheritance in which an enterprise bean inherits properties, methods, and method-level control descriptor attributes from another enterprise bean that resides in the same group.
EJB JAR file
A Java archive that contains an EJB module. (Sun)
EJB module
A software unit that consists of one or more enterprise beans and an EJB deployment descriptor. (Sun)
EJB object
In enterprise beans, an object whose class implements the enterprise bean remote interface (Sun).
EJB project
A project that contains the resources needed for EJB applications, including enterprise beans; home, local, and remote interfaces; JSP files; servlets; and deployment descriptors.
EJB query
In the EJB query language, a string that contains an optional SELECT clause specifying the EJB objects to return, a FROM clause that names the bean collections, an optional WHERE clause that contains search predicates over the collections, an optional ORDER BY clause that specifies the ordering of the result collection; and input parameters that correspond to the arguments of the finder method.
EJB query language
A query language that defines finder methods for entity beans with container managed persistence. The definition uses a language based on SQL that allows searches on the persistent attributes of an enterprise bean and associated bean attributes.
EJB reference
A logical name used by an application to locate the home interface of an enterprise bean in the target operational environment.
EJB server
Software that provides services to an EJB container. An EJB server may host one or more EJB containers. (Sun) See also EJB container.
element
In the Java development tools (JDT) feature of Eclipse, a generic term that can refer to Java packages, classes, types, interfaces, methods, or fields.
In markup languages such as SGML, XML, and HTML, a basic unit consisting of a start tag, end tag, associated attributes and their values, and any text that is contained between the two.
An object that encompasses a set of versions, organized into a version tree.
element type
A class of versioned file or directory objects. ClearCase supports predefined element types. Users can define additional types that are refinements of the predefined types. When an element is created, it is assigned one of the currently defined element types in its versioned object base (VOB). Each user-defined element type is implemented as a separate VOB object.
endpoint
The system that is the origin or destination of a session.
endpoint listener
The point or address at which incoming messages for a Web service are received by a service integration bus.
enterprise application
See J2EE application.
enterprise application project (EAR project)
A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a deployment descriptor and IBM extension document as well as files that are common to all J2EE modules that are defined in the deployment descriptor.
enterprise archive (EAR)
A specialized type of JAR file, defined by the J2EE standard, used to deploy J2EE applications to J2EE application servers. An EAR file contains EJB components, a deployment descriptor, and Web archive (WAR) files for individual Web applications. See also Web archive, Java archive.
enterprise bean
A component that implements a business task or business entity and resides in an EJB container. Entity beans, session beans, and message-driven beans are all enterprise beans. (Sun) See also bean.
Enterprise Generation Language (EGL)
A high-level language that allows developers to focus on business logic as they create complex business applications for deployment in any of several environments, including the Web. The language simplifies database and message-queue access, as well as the use of J2EE.
enterprise information system (EIS)
The applications that comprise an enterprise's existing system for handling companywide information. An enterprise information system offers a well-defined set of services that are exposed as local or remote interfaces or both. (Sun) See also resource adapter.
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
A component architecture defined by Sun Microsystems for the development and deployment of object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level applications.
entity
In markup languages such as XML, a collection of characters that can be referenced as a unit, for example to incorporate often-repeated text or special characters within a document.
entity bean
In EJB programming, an enterprise bean that represents persistent data maintained in a database. Each entity bean carries its own identity. (Sun) See also session bean.
extend
To install more than one package in the same version of Eclipse in order for their application functions to work together in the workbench environment.
extended namespace
The ClearCase extension of the standard Windows or UNIX pathname hierarchy. Each host has a view-extended namespace, which allows a pathname to access VOB data using any view that is active on that host. Each versioned object base (VOB) has a VOB-extended namespace, which allows a pathname to access any version of any element, independently of (and overriding) version selection by views. Derived objects also have extended pathnames, which include derived object (DO) IDs.
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)
A reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML. XHTML is a family of current and future DTDs and modules that reproduce, subset, and extend HTML.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
A standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that is based on Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)
A language for specifying style sheets for XML documents. Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) is used with XSL to describe how an XML document is transformed into another document.
extension
In Eclipse, the mechanism that a plug-in uses to extend the platform. See also extension point.
extension point
In Eclipse, the specification that defines what attributes and values must be declared by an extension. See also extension.
Faces component
One of a collection of user interface components (such as input fields) and data components (representing data such as records in a database) that can be dragged to a Faces JSP file and then bound to each other to build a dynamic Web project. See also JavaServer Faces.
Faces JSP file
A file that represents a page in a dynamic Web project and contains JavaServer Faces UI and data components. See also JavaServer Faces.
factory
In object-oriented programming, a class that is used to create instances of another class. A factory is used to isolate the creation of objects of a particular class into one place so that new functions can be provided without widespread code changes.
fast view
In Eclipse, a view that is opened and closed by clicking a button on the shortcut bar.
feature
In Eclipse, a JAR file that is packaged in a form that the update manager accepts and uses to update the platform. Features have a manifest that provides basic information about the content of the feature, which can include plug-ins, fragments and other files.
FFDC
See first-failure data capture.
field
In Java programming, a data member of a class.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
In the Internet suite of protocols, an application layer protocol that uses TCP and Telnet services to transfer bulk-data files between machines or hosts.
find
See discover.
finder method
In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to locate an entity bean. (Sun)
fire
In object-oriented programming, to cause a state transition.
first-failure data capture (FFDC)
A problem diagnosis aid that identifies errors, gathers and logs information about these errors, and returns control to the affected run-time software.
fix pack
A cumulative collection of fixes that is made available between scheduled refresh packs, manufacturing refreshes, or releases. It is intended to allow customers to come up to a specific maintenance level. See also program temporary fix, interim fix, refresh pack.
foreign key
In a relational database, a key in one table that references the primary key in another table. See also primary key.
form
A display screen, printed document, or file with defined spaces for information to be inserted.
form bean
In Struts, a class that stores HTML or JSP form data from a submitted client request or that stores input data from a link that a user clicked. The superclass for all form beans is the ActionForm class.
formGroup
In EGL, a collection of form parts. A formGroup part is generated as an output separate from an EGL program.
forward
In Struts, an object that is returned by an action and that has two fields: a name and a path (typically the URL of a JSP). The path indicates where a request is to be sent. A forward can be local (pertaining to a specific action) or global (available to any action).
foundation baseline
In ClearCase UCM, a baseline that configures a stream. Foundation baselines specify the versions and activities that appear in a view.
frame
In hypertext markup language (HTML) coding, a subset of the Web browser window.
frameset
An HTML file that defines the layout of a Web page that is composed of other, separate HTML files.
free-form surface
The open area in a visual editor where developers can add and manipulate objects. For example, the Struts application diagram editor provides a free-form surface for representing JSP pages, HTML pages, action mappings, other Struts application diagrams, links from JSP pages, and forwards from action mappings.
FTP
See File Transfer Protocol.
full build
In Eclipse, a build in which all resources within the scope of the build are considered. See also incremental build.
garbage collection
Part of a language's runtime system or an add-on library that automatically determines the memory that a program no longer uses, and recycles it for other use. Garbage collection may be assisted by the compiler, the hardware, the operating system, or any combination of the three.
getter method
A method whose purpose is to get the value of an instance or class variable. This allows another object to find out the value of one of its variables. See also setter method.
GIF
See Graphics Interchange Format.
global attribute
In XML, an attribute that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global attributes can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.
global element
In XML, an element that is declared as a child of the schema element rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global elements can be referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
A file format for storing images. GIF files are common on the World Wide Web because they only contain a maximum of 256 colors and are therefore very small.
group
In places, two or more people who are grouped for membership in a place.
A collection of users who can share access authorities for protected resources.
handle
In the J2EE specification, an object that identifies an enterprise bean. A client may serialize the handle, and then later deserialize it to obtain a reference to the enterprise bean. (Sun)
handler
In Web services, a mechanism for processing service content and extending the function of a JAX-RPC runtime system.
handshake
The exchange of messages at the start of a Secure Sockets Layer session that allows the client to authenticate the server using public key techniques (and, optionally, for the server to authenticate the client), then allows the client and server to cooperate in creating symmetric keys for encryption, decryption, and detection of tampering.
headless
Pertains to a program or application that can run without a graphical user interface or, in some cases, without any user interface at all. Headless operation is often used for network servers or embedded systems.
heap
In Java programming, a block of memory that the Java virtual machine uses at run time to store Java objects. Java heap memory is managed by a garbage collector, which automatically de-allocates Java objects that are no longer in use.
hijacked file
A version in a snapshot view that is modified but not checked out. By default, a non-checked-out version in a snapshot view is given the file attribute of read-only. If this attributed is changed and the file is modified, the file is out of direct ClearCase control and is considered hijacked.
history
Metadata in a versioned object base (VOB), consisting of event records for that VOB's objects. The history of a file element includes the creation event of the element itself, the creation event of each version of the file, the creation event of each branch, the attributes assigned to the element and/or its versions, the hyperlinks attached to the element and/or its versions, and so on.
home interface
In enterprise beans, an interface that defines zero or more create and remove methods for a session bean or zero or more create, finder, and remove methods for an entity bean. See also remote interface.
home page
The top-level Web page of a portal.
host
In performance profiling, a machine that owns processes that are being profiled. See also server.
A computer that is connected to a network and provides an access point to that network. The host can be a client, a server, or both a client and server simultaneously. See also server, client.
host name
In Internet communication, the name given to a computer. Sometimes, host name is used to mean the fully qualified domain name; other times, it is used to mean the most specific subname of a fully qualified domain name. For example, if mycomputer.city.company.com is the fully qualified domain name, either of the following host names can be used: mycomputer.city.company.com or mycomputer.
hover help
A form of online help that can be viewed by moving a cursor over a GUI item such as an icon or field.
HTML
See Hypertext Markup Language.
HTTP
See Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
HTTP over SSL (HTTPS)
A Web protocol for secure transactions that encrypts and decrypts user page requests and pages returned by the Web server.
HTTPS
See HTTP over SSL.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
A markup language that conforms to the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) standard and was designed primarily to support the online display of textual and graphical information, including hypertext links.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
An Internet protocol that is used to transfer and display hypertext and XML documents on the Web.
IDE
See integrated development environment.
identity assertion
The invocation credential that is asserted to the downstream server. This credential can be set as the originating client identity, the server identity, or another specified identity, depending on the RunAs mode for the enterprise bean.
IIOP
See Internet Inter-ORB Protocol. See also Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
i-mode
An Internet service for wireless devices.
incremental build
In Eclipse, a build in which only resources that have changed since the last build are considered. See also full build.
infopop
A small window that displays context-sensitive help for a particular UI element and links to related online help topics.
information center
A collection of information that provides support for users of one or more products, can be launched separately from the product, and includes a list of topics for navigation and a search engine.
inheritance
An object-oriented programming technique that allows the use of existing classes as a basis for creating other classes.
initialization point
A user-defined constant or variable used to initialize the attributes of an object.
installation directory
A directory in which unique files for a package are stored. See also shared resource.
instance document
An XML document that conforms to a particular schema.
instance statistics
Statistical information that includes information about an application such as instances of different classes and their size, the packages to which the classes belong, the CPU time spent in an instance of a class, and so on. See also package statistics.
integrated development environment (IDE)
A set of software development tools, such as source editors, compilers, and debuggers, that are accessible from a single user interface.
interim fix
A certified fix that is generally available to all customers between regularly scheduled fix packs, refresh packs, or releases. See also fix pack, refresh pack.
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP)
A protocol used for communication between Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) object request brokers. See also Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
Internet Protocol (IP)
A protocol that routes data through a network or interconnected networks. This protocol acts as an intermediary between the higher protocol layers and the physical network. See also Transmission Control Protocol.
interoperability
The ability of a computer or program to work with other computers or programs.
introspector
In Java, a class (java.beans.Introspector) that provides a standard way for tools to learn about the properties, events, and methods supported by a target bean. Introspectors follow the JavaBeans specification.
IP
See Internet Protocol. See also Transmission Control Protocol.
item
In EGL, a named area of memory that contains a single value.
J2C (JCA)
See J2EE Connector architecture.
J2EE
See Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition. See also Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
J2EE application
Any deployable unit of J2EE functionality. This unit can be a single module or a group of modules packaged into an enterprise archive (EAR) file with a J2EE application deployment descriptor. (Sun)
J2EE Connector architecture (J2C, JCA)
A standard architecture for connecting the J2EE platform to heterogeneous enterprise information systems (EIS).
J2EE Request Profiler
The name of an agent that is attached to the application server process for the purpose of collecting data on the interception points of the application's requests.
J2EE server
A runtime environment that provides EJB or Web containers.
J2SE
See Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition. See also Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition, Java Development Kit.
JAAS
See Java Authentication and Authorization Service.
JAR file
A Java archive file. See also enterprise archive, Web archive.
Java
An object-oriented programming language for portable interpretive code that supports interaction among remote objects. Java was developed and specified by Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.
Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
An environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications, defined by Sun Microsystems Inc. The J2EE platform consists of a set of services, application programming interfaces (APIs), and protocols that provide the functionality for developing multitiered, Web-based applications. (Sun) See also Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE)
The core Java technology platform. (Sun) See also Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition, Java Development Kit.
Java API for XML (JAX)
A set of Java-based APIs for handling various operations involving data defined through Extensible Markup Language (XML).
Java API for XML-based RPC (JAX-RPC)
A specification that describes application programming interfaces (APIs) and conventions for building Web services and Web service clients that use remote procedure calls (RPC) and XML. JAX-RPC is also known as JSR 101.
Java archive
A compressed file format for storing all of the resources that are required to install and run a Java program in a single file. See also enterprise archive, Web archive.
Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)
In J2EE technology, a standard API for performing security-based operations. Through JAAS, services can authenticate and authorize users while enabling the applications to remain independent from underlying technologies.
Java bean
See also enterprise bean, JavaBeans. See bean.
JavaBeans
As defined for Java by Sun Microsystems, a portable, platform-independent, reusable component model. See also bean.
Java class
A class that is written in the Java language.
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
An industry standard for database-independent connectivity between the Java platform and a wide range of databases. The JDBC interface provides a call-level API for SQL-based and XQuery-based database access.
Java Development Kit (JDK)
The name of the software development kit that Sun Microsystems provides for the Java platform. See also Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
Javadoc
A tool that parses the declarations and documentation comments in a set of source files and produces a set of HTML pages describing the classes, inner classes, interfaces, constructors, methods, and fields. (Sun)
Java file
An editable source file (with .java extension) that can be compiled into bytecode (a .class file).
Java Message Service (JMS)
An application programming interface that provides Java language functions for handling messages.
Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)
An extension to the Java platform that provides a standard interface for heterogeneous naming and directory services.
Java platform
A collective term for the Java language for writing programs; a set of APIs, class libraries, and other programs used in developing, compiling, and error-checking programs; and a Java virtual machine which loads and executes the class files. (Sun)
Java Profiling Agent
The agent that is attached to the Java virtual machine (JVM) within which the profiled application runs. This is the agent that is used by default to measure the performance of a Java application as it executes.
Java project
In Eclipse, a project that contains compilable Java source code and is a container for source folders or packages.
Java runtime environment (JRE)
A subset of a Java developer kit that contains the executable files and other files that constitute the Java platform. The JRE includes a Java virtual machine, core classes, and supporting files.
JavaScript
A Web scripting language that is used in both browsers and Web servers. (Sun)
JavaServer Faces (JSF)
A framework for building Web-based user interfaces in Java. Web developers can build applications by placing reusable UI components on a page, connecting the components to an application data source, and wiring client events to server event handlers. See also JavaServer Pages, Faces component, Faces JSP file.
JavaServer Pages (JSP)
A server-side scripting technology that enables Java code to be dynamically embedded within Web pages (HTML files) and executed when the page is served, in order to return dynamic content to a client. See also JSP file, JSP page, JavaServer Faces.
Java Specification Request (JSR)
A formally proposed specification for the Java platform.
Java virtual machine (JVM)
A software implementation of a processor that runs compiled Java code (applets and applications).
JAX
See Java API for XML.
JAX-RPC
See Java API for XML-based RPC.
JCA (J2C)
See J2EE Connector architecture.
JDBC
See Java Database Connectivity.
JDBC connection filter
A control that limits the amount of data that is transferred during the JDBC metadata load. The filter enhances performance.
JDK
See Java Development Kit. See also Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
JMS
See Java Message Service.
JNDI
See Java Naming and Directory Interface.
join
An SQL relational operation that allows retrieval of data from two or more tables based on matching column values.
JRE
See Java runtime environment.
JSF
See JavaServer Faces. See also JavaServer Pages, Faces component, Faces JSP file.
JSF widget library
A JavaServer Faces (JSF) and JavaScript-based widget library, included in the product, that augments JSP and HTML pages with a rich set of input, output and navigation components.
JSP
See JavaServer Pages. See also JSP file, JSP page, JavaServer Faces.
JSP file
A scripted HTML file that has a .jsp extension and allows for the inclusion of dynamic content in Web pages. A JSP file can be directly requested as a URL, called by a servlet, or called from within an HTML page. See also JavaServer Pages, JSP page.
JSP page
A text-based document using fixed template data and JSP elements that describes how to process a request to create a response. (Sun) See also JavaServer Pages, JSP file.
JSR
See Java Specification Request.
JUnit
An open-source regression testing framework for unit-testing Java programs.
JVM
See Java virtual machine.
keyboard shortcut
A key or combination of keys that a user can press to perform an action that is available from a menu.
key class
In EJB, a class that is used to create or find an entity bean. It represents the identity of the entity bean, corresponding to the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database.
key field
In EJB, a container-managed field in an entity bean that corresponds to one of the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database. Each key field is a member of the entity bean's key class.
key file
See also keystore file. See key ring.
key locator
A mechanism that retrieves the key for XML signing, XML digital signature verification, XML encryption, and XML decryption.
key ring
In computer security, a file that contains public keys, private keys, trusted roots, and certificates. See also keystore file.
keystore file
A key ring that contains both public keys that are stored as signer certificates and private keys that are stored in personal certificates.
label
An instance of a label type object, supplying a user-defined name for a version. See also object.
label type
A type object that defines a version label for use within a versioned object base (VOB).
launch configuration
A mechanism for defining and saving different workbench configurations that can be launched separately. Configurable options include run and debug settings.
layout box
In Page Designer, a control that allows Web designers to position text and images within the page. Layout boxes can be stacked or aligned using a grid.
layout manager
In programming graphical user interfaces, an object that controls the size and position of Java components within a container. The Java platform supplies several commonly used layout managers for AWT and Swing containers.
LDAP
See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
LDAP directory
A type of repository that stores information on people, organizations, and other resources and that is accessed using the LDAP protocol. The entries in the repository are organized into a hierarchical structure, and in some cases the hierarchical structure reflects the structure or geography of an organization.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories that support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements of the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example, LDAP can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources in an Internet or intranet directory.
link
A line or arrow that connects activities in a process. A link passes information between activities and determines the order in which they are executed.
linkage options part
In EGL, a build part that gives details on how a generated program calls and is called by other programs. The part also gives details on how a generated COBOL program accesses files on remote CICS regions. The information in this part is used at generation time, test time, and run time.
linkage properties file
An EGL-generated or handwritten text file that can be used at J2EE run time to give details on how an EGL-generated Java program or wrapper calls other code.
listener port
An object that defines the association between a connection factory, a destination, and a deployed message-driven bean. Listener ports simplify the administration of the associations between these resources.
Literal XML
An encoding style for serializing data over SOAP protocol. Literal XML is based on an XML schema instance.
load
To copy a version of an element to a snapshot view and keep track of the checkins, updates, and other ClearCase operations that affect the element.
load rule
A statement in the config spec that specifies an element or subtree to load into a snapshot view. Config specs can have more than one load rule.
local
Pertaining to a device, file, or system that is accessed directly from a user's system, without the use of a communication line. See also remote.
local history
Copies of files that are saved in the workbench in order to compare the current version with previous versions. Subject to configurable preferences, the workbench updates the local history each time an editable file is saved.
local home interface
In EJB, an interface that specifies the methods used by local clients for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes. See also remote home interface.
logging agent
An agent that programmers can create in order to write data (for example Java primitives, objects, or predefined logging structures) to one or more output sources (for example text or XML), for an application under test.
logic part
An EGL declaration that defines a runtime sequence. The types of logic parts are program, function, library, and page handler.
log record
An entry in a log view that consists of properties and their values. A log record does not contain instances of other log records but has nested levels of entries or children.
loop
A sequence of instructions performed repeatedly until an ending condition is reached.
main branch
The starting branch of an element's version tree. The default name for this branch is main.
manifest
A special file that can contain information about the files packaged in a JAR file. (Sun)
map
In the EJB development environment, the specification of how an enterprise bean's container-managed persistent fields correspond to columns in a relational database table or other persistent storage.
marker bar
The gray border at the left of the editor area of the workbench, where bookmarks and breakpoints are shown.
master build descriptor
In EGL, a build descriptor part whose options cannot be overridden.
master replica
In ClearCase MultiSite, the master replica of a ClearCase object is the only replica at which the object can be modified or instances of the object can be created.
mastership
In ClearCase MultiSite, the ability to modify an object or to create instances of a type object.
MDB
See message-driven bean.
meet-in-the-middle mapping
An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables in which enterprise beans and database schema are created simultaneously but independently.
membership
The state of being a portal user and a place member. Membership in the portal is controlled by the administrator during the installation and set up of portal servers. Membership in places is controlled by a place manager, who determines the level of access for each place member: participant, place designer, or place manager.
memory leak
The effect of a program that maintains references to objects that are no longer required and therefore need to be reclaimed.
message-driven bean (MDB)
An enterprise bean that provides asynchronous message support and clearly separates message and business processing.
metadata
Data that describes the characteristics of data; descriptive data.
method
In Java programming, a function that is defined in a class. (Sun)
In object-oriented programming, an operation that an object can perform. An object can have many methods.
method permission
A mapping between one or more security roles and one or more methods that a member of a role can call.
method statistics
Information about a method that includes the package (and class) to which the method belongs, the number of calls made to the method, the CPU time spent in the method, and the cumulative time spent in that method.
MIME
See Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.
model view controller (MVC)
A software architecture that separates the components of the application: the model represents the business logic or data; the view represents the user interface; and the controller manages user input or, in some cases, the application flow.
module
In J2EE programming, a software unit that consists of one or more components of the same container type and one deployment descriptor of that type. Examples include EJB, Web, and application client modules. (Sun)
monitor
In performance profiling, to collect data about an application from the running agents that are associated with that application.
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
An Internet standard that allows different forms of data including video, audio, or binary data to be attached to e-mail without requiring translation into ASCII text.
multiversion file system (MVFS)
A directory tree that, when activated (mounted as a file system of type MVFS), implements a versioned object base (VOB). To standard operating system commands, a VOB appears to contain a directory hierarchy; ClearCase commands can also access the VOB's metadata. Also, MVFS file system refers to a file system extension to the operating system, which provides access to VOB data. The MVFS file system is not supported on all ClearCase platforms.
MVC
See model view controller.
MVFS
See multiversion file system.
NAICS
See North American Industry Classification System.
namespace
Space reserved by a file system to contain the names of its objects.
In XML and XQuery, a uniform resource identifier (URI) that provides a unique name to associate with the element, attribute, and type definitions in an XML schema or with the names of elements, attributes, types, functions, and errors in XQuery expressions.
naming service
An implementation of the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) standard.
navigation bar
A set of links to other Web pages in a Web site. For example, navigation bars are usually located across the top or down the side of a page and contain direct links to the major sections within the Web site.
nonce
A unique cryptographic number that is embedded in a message to help detect a replay attack.
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
In Web services, an economic classification system based on groups of goods and services that use similar or identical production processes.
notation
An XML construct that contains a note, a comment or an explanation about information in an XML file. A notation can be used to associate a binary description with an entity or attribute.
object
In object-oriented design or programming, a concrete realization (instance) of a class that consists of data and the operations associated with that data. An object contains the instance data that is defined by the class, but the class owns the operations that are associated with the data.
An item stored in a versioned object base (VOB). An object can be identified by an object-selector string, which includes a prefix that indicates the kind of object, the object's name, and a suffix that indicates the VOB in which the object resides. Examples: lbtype:REL1@/vobs/vega on UNIX and lbtype:REL1@\vega on Windows See also label.
object-oriented programming
A programming approach based on the concepts of data abstraction and inheritance. Unlike procedural programming techniques, object-oriented programming concentrates not on how something is accomplished but instead on what data objects comprise the problem and how they are manipulated.
object registry
A networkwide database that records the storage locations of all versioned object base (VOB) storage directories and all view storage directories. The mktag, rmtag, mkview, rmview, mkvob, rmvob, register, and unregister commands add, delete, or modify registry file entries.
Object Request Broker (ORB)
In object-oriented programming, software that serves as an intermediary by transparently enabling objects to exchange requests and responses.
open source
Pertaining to software whose source code is publicly available for use or modification. Open source software is usually developed as a public collaboration and made freely available, although its use and redistribution might be subject to licensing restrictions. Linux is a well known example of open source software.
ORB
See Object Request Broker.
orphaned element
An element that is no longer cataloged in any version of any directory. Such elements are moved to the versioned object base (VOB)'s lost+found directory.
package
To assemble components into modules and modules into enterprise applications.
In Java programming, a group of types. Packages are declared with the package keyword. (Sun)
An installable unit of a software product. Software product packages are separately installable units that can operate independently from other packages of that software product.
package group
A group of one or more packages that are designed to work together and can be installed to one directory.
package statistics
Statistical details about a profiled application that are grouped by package. See also instance statistics.
packaging utility
A utility that copies packages to a repository for posting.
page
A node in a portal that can contain content in addition to labels and other pages. Pages can contain child nodes, column containers, row containers, and portlets.
page template
In Page Designer, a page that is used as a starting point to define consistent styles and layout for any new HTML or JavaServer Pages (JSP) page within a Web site.
palette
A range of graphically displayed choices, such as colors or collections of tools, that can be selected in an application.
parameter (parm)
A value or reference passed to a function, command, or program that serves as input or controls actions. The value is supplied by a user or by another program or process.
parm
See parameter.
parse
To break down a string of information, such as a command or file, into its constituent parts.
participant
A member of a portal place who can visit and use the place. By default, all portal users are participants in public places. Place participants cannot edit place membership, layout, or bookmarks. See also place designer, place manager.
PCB
See program communication block. See also program specification block.
PDA
See personal digital assistant.
people awareness
The collaboration feature that provides access to people from various contexts. People awareness lets you see references to people and contact people by name through the Sametime online status indicator. Throughout the portal, wherever you see the name of a person, you can view the person's online status, send e-mail, initiate a chat, or share an application via an electronic meeting. See also person link.
persist
To be maintained across session boundaries, usually in nonvolatile storage such as a database system or a directory.
persistence
A characteristic of data that is maintained across session boundaries, or of an object that continues to exist after the execution of the program or process that created it, usually in nonvolatile storage such as a database system.
In J2EE, the protocol for transferring the state of an entity bean between its instance variables and an underlying database. (Sun)
person
An individual authenticated by the portal and having a person record in one or more corporate directories. Persons can be members of places, public groups within the organization's corporate directory, or personal groups that a user defines.
personal digital assistant (PDA)
A handheld device that is used for personal organization tasks (such as calendaring, note-taking, and recording telephone and fax numbers), and networking functions such as e-mail and synchronization.
personalization
The process of enabling information to be targeted to specific users based on business rules and user profile information. See also customization.
person link
A reference to a person's name or a group name that appears with the Sametime online status indicator. The reference lets you view the person's online status, send an e-mail, start a chat, or share an application using an electronic meeting, among other actions shown on the person link menu. See also people awareness.
perspective
A group of views that show various aspects of the resources in the workbench. The workbench user can switch perspectives, depending on the task at hand, and customize the layout of views and editors within the perspective.
place designer
A member of a place who can edit place layout and bookmarks. See also participant, place manager.
place manager
A member of a place who can edit place membership, layout, and bookmarks. See also participant, place designer.
place member
A individual or group who has joined or been granted access to a place. Place members have three levels of access to a place: manager, designer, and participant.
plug-in
A software module that adds function to an existing program or application.
pop-up menu
A menu that appears as the result of some user action (usually clicking the right mouse button) and that contains choices appropriate for the selected object in its current context.
port
As defined in a WSDL document, a single endpoint defined as a combination of a binding and a network address.
portal
A single, secure point of access to diverse information, applications, and people that can be customized and personalized.
Portal Administration
The place where portal administrators set and maintain basic collaboration permissions, place records, place membership records, and server settings for companion products for advanced collaboration.
portlet
A reusable web module that runs on a portal server. Portlets have predefined roles such as retrieving news headlines, searching a database, or displaying a calendar.
portlet API
The set of interfaces and methods that are used by Java programs running within the portal server environment to obtain services.
portlet application
A collection of related portlets that can share resources with one another.
portlet framework
The set of classes and interfaces that support Java programs running within the portal server environment.
portlet mode
A form assumed by a portlet to provide a distinctive interface for users to perform different tasks. Portlet modes can include view, edit, and help.
port type
An element in a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document that comprises a set of abstract operations, each of which refers to input and output messages that are supported by the Web service.
POST
In HTTP, a parameter on the METHOD attribute of the FORM tag that specifies that a browser will send form data to a server in an HTTP transaction separate from that of the associated URL.
primary key
An object that uniquely identifies an entity bean within a home. (Sun)
In a relational database, a key that uniquely identifies one row of a database table. See also foreign key.
primary part
An EGL part whose name is the same as the source file in which the part resides. The primary parts are data table, form group, library, page handler, program, and UI record.
primitive type
In Java, a category of data type that describes a variable that contains a single value of the appropriate size and format for its type: a number, a character, or a Boolean value. Examples of primitive types include byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.
probe
A reusable set of Java code fragments and supporting attributes for collecting detailed runtime information about objects, arguments, and exceptions. See also Probekit.
Probekit
A scriptable framework for doing byte-code insertion to probe the workings of a target program. See also probe.
process object
The logical representation of a Java process. A process object is identified both by name and a process ID number (PID), and appears in the Monitors view along with the associated agents whenever a Java process is launched or attached to.
profiling
The process of analyzing the performance, resource utilization, or execution of an application.
profiling agent
An agent that does a performance analysis of, and profiles an application.
profiling filter
A mechanism for specifying which information about an application will be analyzed.
program communication block (PCB)
A control block that contains pointers to Information Management System (IMS) databases. See also program specification block.
program specification block (PSB)
In DL/I and IMS, a control block that identifies the destinations and databases used by the application program. A PSB consists of one or more program communication blocks (PCBs). See also program communication block.
program temporary fix (PTF)
For System i, System p, and System z products, a fix that is tested by IBM and is made available to all customers. See also fix pack.
project
In Eclipse, a unit of organization used to group folders or packages. Projects are used for building, version management, sharing, and organizing resources.
A ClearCase Unified Change Management (UCM) object that contains the configuration information needed to manage a significant development effort, such as a product release. A project includes one integration stream, which configures views that select the latest versions of the project's shared elements, and typically multiple development streams, which configure views that allow developers to work in isolation from the rest of the project team.
project VOB (PVOB)
A versioned object base (VOB) that stores Unified Change Management (UCM) objects, such as projects, streams, activities, and change sets. Every UCM project must have a PVOB. Multiple projects can share the same PVOB.
property broker
A WebSphere Portal interface that negotiates the relationship between cooperative source and target portlets and delivers data to the target in the form of the corresponding portlet action. See also cooperative portlets.
proxy server
A server that receives requests intended for another server and that acts on the client's behalf (as the client's proxy) to obtain the requested service. A proxy server is often used when the client and the server are incompatible for direct connection. For example, the client is unable to meet the security authentication requirements of the server but should be permitted some services.
PSB
See program specification block. See also program communication block.
PTF
See program temporary fix. See also fix pack.
public
In object-oriented programming, pertaining to a method or variable that is accessible to all classes.
public place
A shared place that is open to all portal users. The person who creates the place (and who automatically becomes the place manager) designates it as a public place during place creation. Other users can become members of the place by joining it; they can terminate their membership by canceling their membership in the place. Compare with restricted place.
publish
To make a Web site public, for example by putting files in a path known to the HTTP server.
In UDDI, to advertise a Web service so that other businesses can find it and bind with it. Service providers publish the availability of their services through a registry.
push button
In a window or dialog box, a rectangular control that, when clicked, immediately causes an action to be performed. Push buttons can be labeled with text, graphics, or both. The most familiar push buttons are OK and Cancel.
PVOB
See project VOB.
queue
A WebSphere MQ object to which message queuing applications can put messages, and from which they can get messages.
radio button
In graphical user interfaces, a control that comprises a circle with text beside it, representing one of set of mutually exclusive choices. The circle is partially filled when a choice is selected.
rapid deployment tool
One of a set of tools to rapidly develop and deploy J2EE artifacts on the server and package the J2EE artifacts into the deployed EAR file.
Rational Unified Process (RUP)
A configurable software development process platform that is used to assign and manage tasks and responsibilities within a development organization.
RDB
See relational database.
realize
In the Web diagram editor, to associate a node with an actual resource by creating that resource or by editing the node's path so that it points to an existing resource. See also unrealized.
rebase
A ClearCase operation that makes a development work area current with the set of versions represented by a more recent baseline in another stream, usually the project's integration stream or a feature-specific development stream.
recursion
A programming technique in which a program or routine calls itself to perform successive steps in an operation, with each step using the output of the preceding step.
refactor
To transform a program, for example by renaming a package or method, while preserving its behavior.
referential integrity
In Extensible Markup Language (XML) tools, the condition that exists when all references to items in the XML schema editor or DTD editor are automatically cleaned up when the schema is detected or renamed.
The condition that exists when all intended references from data in one column of a table to data in another column of the same or a different table are valid.
refresh pack
A cumulative collection of fixes that contains new functions. See also fix pack, interim fix.
registered user
A portal user who has a user ID and password for logging in to the portal. Compare with anonymous user and authenticated user.
relational database (RDB)
A database that can be perceived as a set of tables and manipulated in accordance with the relational model of data. Each database includes a set of system catalog tables that describe the logical and physical structure of the data, a configuration file containing the parameter values allocated for the database, and a recovery log with ongoing transactions and archivable transactions.
relationship role
In EJB, a traversal of the relationship between two entity beans in one direction or the other. Each relationship that is coded in the deployment descriptor defines two roles.
release
To send changed files from the workbench to the team server so that other developers on the team can catch up (synchronize) with the updated version.
remote
Pertaining to a system, program, or device that is accessed through a communication line.
remote file transfer instance
A file that contains information about the method used for remotely transferring a file.
remote home interface
In enterprise beans, an interface that specifies the methods used by remote clients for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes. See also local home interface.
remote interface
In EJB, an interface that defines the business methods that can be called by a client. See also home interface.
remote method
A business method in the remote interface that is callable by a client.
Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
A protocol that is used to communicate method invocations over a network. Java Remote Method Invocation is a distributed object model in which the methods of remote objects written in the Java programming language can be invoked from other Java virtual machines, possibly on different hosts.
Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
A protocol that allows a program on a client computer to run a program on a server.
remove method
In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked by a client to destroy an enterprise bean.
replica
In ClearCase Multisite, an instance of a versioned object base (VOB), located at a particular site. A replica consists of the VOB's database, along with all of the VOB's data containers.
repository
A persistent storage area where packages are available for download.
A persistent storage area for data and other application resources.
resource
The collective term for projects, folders, subfolders, and files that can be manipulated in the Eclipse workbench.
resource adapter
A system-level software driver that is used by an EJB container or an application client to connect to an enterprise information system (EIS). A resource adapter plugs in to a container; the application components deployed on the container then use the client API (exposed by adapter) or tool-generated, high-level abstractions to access the underlying EIS. (Sun) See also container, enterprise information system.
resource property
A property for a JDBC data source in a server configuration, for example the server name, user ID, or password.
result set
The set of rows that a procedure returns.
result tree
The output document that is created when an XSL file is used to transform an XML file.
rich media
In a Web page, content that is aural, visual, or interactive, such as audio or video files.
rich text
A field that can contain objects, file attachments, or pictures as well as text with formatting options such as italics or boldface.
RMI
See Remote Method Invocation.
role
A job function that identifies the tasks that a user can perform and the resources to which a user has access. A user can be assigned one or more roles.
root node
In a graphical representation of data as a tree, a node that has no parents but typically has children.
RPC
See Remote Procedure Call.
run time
The time period during which a computer program is running.
RUP
See Rational Unified Process.
schema
A collection of database objects such as tables, views, indexes, or triggers that define a database. A database schema provides a logical classification of database objects.
SCM
See software configuration management.
scope
In Web services, a property that identifies the lifetime of the object serving the invocation request.
scrapbook
An editor that can be used to experiment and evaluate Java expressions. Workbench users can run, inspect, and display snippets of code in the scrapbook.
script
A series of commands, combined in a file, that carry out a particular function when the file is run. Scripts are interpreted as they are run.
scriptlet
A mechanism for adding scripting language fragments to a source file.
scrubbing
The removal of objects that are no longer used to free storage space. ClearCase provides different utilities to discard data container files from cleartext pools and derived object storage pools, event records and MultiSite oplog entries from a VOB database, and derived object containers from the view storage directory.
SDK
See software development kit.
SDO
See Service Data Objects.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
A security protocol that provides communication privacy. With SSL, client/server applications can communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery.
security role
In J2EE, an abstract logical grouping of users that is defined by the application assembler. When an application is deployed, the roles are mapped to security identities, such as principals or groups, in the operational environment. (Sun)
serializer
A method for converting object data to another form such as binary or XML. See also deserializer.
server
A definition that identifies where an application will be tested or published. See also host.
In a network, hardware or software that provides facilities to clients. Examples of a server are a file server, a printer server, or a mail server. See also host, client.
server configuration
A resource that contains information required to set up and deploy to an application server.
server project
A project that contains information about test and deployment servers and their configurations.
server-side
Pertaining to an application or component of an application that runs on a server rather than on the client. JSP and servlets are two examples of technologies that enable server-side programming.
server-side include (SSI)
A facility for including dynamic information in documents sent to clients, such as current date, the last modification date of a file, and the size or last modification of other files.
Service Data Objects (SDO)
An open standard for enabling applications to handle data from heterogeneous data sources in a uniform way. SDO incorporates J2EE patterns but simplifies the J2EE data programming model.
service description
The description of a Web service, which can be defined in any format such as WSDL, UDDI, or HTML.
servlet
A Java program that runs on a Web server and extends the server's functionality by generating dynamic content in response to Web client requests. Servlets are commonly used to connect databases to the Web.
servlet container
A Web application server component that invokes the action servlet and that interacts with the action servlet to process requests.
session
A logical or virtual connection between two stations, programs, or devices on a network that allows the two elements to communicate and exchange data.
In J2EE, an object used by a servlet to track a user's interaction with a Web application across multiple HTTP requests.
session bean
An enterprise bean that is created by a client and that usually exists only for the duration of a single client/server session. (Sun) See also entity bean.
session facade
A mechanism for separating the business and client tiers of an enterprise application by abstracting the data and business methods so that clients are not tightly coupled with the business logic and not responsible for data integrity. Implemented as session enterprise beans, session facades also decouple lower-level business components from one another.
setter method
A method whose purpose is to set the value of an instance or class variable. This capability allows another object to set the value of one of its variables. See also getter method.
shared place
A place created for a community of people with a common purpose. Shared places can be public or restricted. The place creator (who automatically becomes the place manager) specifies whether a place is public or restricted during place creation.
shared resource
A software file or plug-in that is stored in a directory and can be shared by packages. See also installation directory.
shortcut bar
In Eclipse, the vertical toolbar at the left side of the workbench window that contains buttons for open perspectives and for fast views.
shortcut key
See keyboard shortcut.
simple type
In the XML, a type that cannot have element content and cannot carry attributes. Elements that contain numbers (and strings, and dates, and so on) but do not contain any sub-elements are said to have simple types. See also complex type.
singleton
A class that can be instantiated only once. A singleton class cannot be an interface.
skeleton
Scaffolding for an implementation class.
skin
An element of a graphical user interface that can be changed to alter the appearance of the interface without affecting its functionality.
snapshot view
A view that contains copies of ClearCase elements and other file system objects in a directory tree.
snippet
An excerpt of source code.
SOAP
A lightweight, XML-based protocol for exchanging information in a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP can be used to query and return information and invoke services across the Internet.
SOAP encoding
Rules for serializing data over the SOAP protocol. SOAP encoding is based on a simple type system that is a generalization of the common features found in type systems in programming languages, databases, and semi-structured data.
software configuration management (SCM)
The tracking and control of software development. SCM systems typically offer version control and team programming features.
software development kit (SDK)
A set of tools, APIs, and documentation to assist with the development of software in a specific computer language or for a particular operating environment.
source code
A computer program in a format that is readable by people. Source code is converted into binary code that can be used by a computer.
source tree
The XML input document that is transformed by an XSL stylesheet.
SQL
See Structured Query Language.
SQLJ
See Structured Query Language for Java.
SQL query
A component of certain SQL statements that specifies a result table.
SSI
See server-side include.
SSL
See Secure Sockets Layer.
stack
An area in memory that typically stores information such as temporary register information, parameters, and return addresses of subroutines.
stack frame
A section of the stack that contains the local variables, arguments, and register contents for an individual routine, as well as a pointer to the previous stack frame.
Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT)
An Eclipse toolkit for Java developers that defines a common, portable, user interface API that uses the native widgets of the underlying operating system. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Swing Set.
stateful session bean
A session bean that acts on behalf of a single client and maintains client-specific session information (called conversational state) across multiple method calls and transactions. See also stateless session bean.
stateless session bean
A session bean with no conversational state. All instances of a stateless bean are identical. (Sun) See also stateful session bean.
static Web page
A Web page that can be displayed without the additional client- or server-side processing that would be required for JavaServer Pages, servlets, or scripts.
static Web project
A project that contains resources for a Web application with no dynamic content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, or Java code. A static Web project can be deployed to a static HTTP server and does not require additional application server support.
stored procedure
A block of procedural constructs and embedded SQL statements that is stored in a database and that can be called by name. Stored procedures allow an application program to be run in two parts, one on the client and the other on the server, so that one call can produce several accesses to the database.
stream
A ClearCase UCM object that determines which versions of elements appear in any view configured by that stream. Streams maintain a list of baselines and activities. A project contains one integration stream and typically multiple development streams.
In the CVS team programming environment, a shared copy of application resources that is updated by development team members as they make changes. The stream represents the current state of the project.
string
In programming languages, the form of data used for storing and manipulating text.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational database.
Structured Query Language for Java (SQLJ)
A standard for embedding SQL in Java programs, defining and calling Java procedures and user-defined functions, and using database structured types in Java.
structured viewing
The tabular aspect of the Design view of the XML editor that separates the structural constituents of an XML document, such as elements and attribute types, from values, such as attribute values and textual content.
structure item
In EGL, a field in a structure or record. Each structure item is substructured (as a word is substructured into letters) or is not divisible (as a letter is not divisible).
Struts
An open source framework for building Java Web applications.
Struts action
A class that implements a portion of a Web application and returns a forward. The superclass for a Struts action is called the Action class.
Struts module
A Struts configuration file and a set of corresponding actions, form beans, and Web pages. A Struts application comprises at least one Struts module.
Struts project
A dynamic Web project with Struts support added.
stub
A small program routine that substitutes for a longer, possibly remote, program. For example, a stub might be a program module that transfers procedure calls (RPCs) and responses between a client and a server. In Web services, a stub is an implementation of a Java interface generated from a Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) document.
style sheet
A specification of formatting instructions that, when applied to structured information, provides a particular rendering of that information (for example, online or printed). Different style sheets can be applied to the same piece of structured information to produce different presentations of the information.
subclass
In Java, a class that is derived from a particular class, either directly or indirectly.
subquery
In SQL, a subselect used within a predicate. For example, a select-statement within the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL statement.
superclass
In Java, a class from which a particular class is derived, perhaps with one or more classes in between.
supertype
In a type hierarchy, a type that subtypes inherit attributes from.
Swing Set
A collection of GUI components that runs consistently on any operating system that supports the Java virtual machine (JVM). Because they are written entirely in the Java programming language, these components provide functionality above and beyond that provided by native-platform equivalents. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Standard Widget Toolkit.
SWT
See Standard Widget Toolkit. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Swing Set.
symptom
In the logging tools, an error message. A symptom can have a solution associated with it in the symptom database.
symptom database
An XML file of symptoms including one or more string match patterns with one or more associated solutions that is used in the analysis of event and error messages that occur in an activity log.
syntax diagram
A diagram for a command that displays how to enter the command on the command line.
syntax highlighting
In source editors, the ability to differentiate text and structural elements, such as tags, attributes, and attribute values, using text highlighting differences, such as font face, emphasis, and color.
system menu
A drop-down menu that is activated by clicking the icon at the left of a window's title bar and that allows users to restore, move, size, minimize, or maximize the window.
table
In a relational database, a database object that consists of a specific number of columns and is used to store an unordered set of rows. See also view.
taglib directive
In a JSP page, a declaration stating that the page uses custom tags, defines the tag library, and specifies its tag prefixes. (Sun)
tag library
In JSP technology, a collection of tags identifying custom actions described using a taglib descriptor and Java classes. A JSP tag library can be imported into any JSP file and used with various scripting languages. (Sun)
target
The destination for an action or operation.
TCP
See Transmission Control Protocol. See also Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP
See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP monitoring server
A runtime environment that monitors all requests and responses between a Web browser and an application server, as well as TCP/IP activity.
test case
A set of tasks, scripts, or routines that automate the task of testing software.
test environment
A specific instance of a configuration of hardware and software established for the purpose of conducting tests under known and controlled conditions.
test harness
A series of script files used to enable a DB2 database for use by the DB2 XML Extender. A test harness is optionally created when a DAD file is generated from a relational database to XML mapping. Once enabled, it tests composing XML from data as well as decomposing XML files into relational data.
test pattern
A template used for the automatic generation of component tests. There are several test patterns available for testing both Java and EJB components. See also component test.
test suite
A collection of test cases that define test behavior and control test execution and deployment.
textUI program
A type of EGL program part that interacts with the user by way of a character-based display. The display appears in a 3270 screen or a command window, not in a Web browser.
theme
The style element that gives a place a particular look. The portal provides several themes, similar to virtual wallpaper, from which you can choose when creating a place.
thread
A stream of computer instructions that is in control of a process. In some operating systems, a thread is the smallest unit of operation in a process. Several threads can run concurrently, performing different jobs.
thread contention
A condition in which a thread is waiting for a lock or object that another thread holds.
thumbnail
An icon-sized rendering of a larger graphic image that permits a user to preview the image without opening a viewer or graphical editor.
timeout
A time interval that is allotted for an event to occur or complete before operation is interrupted.
timing constraint
A specialized validation action used to measure the duration of a method call or a sequence of method calls. See also validation action.
tooltip
See hover help.
top-down development
In Web services, the process of developing a service from a Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) file. See also bottom-up development.
top-down mapping
An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which existing enterprise beans and their design determines the database design.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A communication protocol used in the Internet and in any network that follows the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards for internetwork protocol. TCP provides a reliable host-to-host protocol in packet-switched communication networks and in interconnected systems of such networks. See also Internet Protocol.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
An industry-standard, nonproprietary set of communication protocols that provides reliable end-to-end connections between applications over interconnected networks of different types.
transport
The request queue between a WebSphere Application Server plug-in for Web servers and a Web container in which the Web modules of an application reside. When a user at a Web browser requests an application, the request is passed to the Web server, then along the transport to the Web container.
trigger
In database technology, a program that is automatically called whenever a specified action is performed on a specific table or view.
A monitor that specifies one or more standard programs or built-in actions to be executed whenever a certain ClearCase operation is performed.
trunk
In the CVS team development environment, the main stream of development, also referred to as the HEAD stream.
type
In a WSDL document, an element that contains data type definitions using some type system (such as XSD).
An object that defines a ClearCase data structure. Users can create instances of these structures: metadata annotations are placed on objects by creating instances of label types, attribute types, and hyperlink types. Each file and directory is an instance of an element type; each branch is an instance of a branch type.
In Java programming, a class or interface.
typedef
In EGL, a part definition that can be used as a model of format.
type hierarchy
The complete context for a Java class or interface including its superclasses and subclasses.
UCM
See Unified Change Management.
UDDI
See Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration.
UDDI Business Registry
A collection of peer directories that contain information about businesses and services.
UDDI registry
A distributed registry of businesses and their service descriptions that adheres to the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) standard for managing the discovery of Web services. UDDI registries come in two forms, public and private, both of which are implemented in a common XML format.
UDF
See user-defined function.
uid (user ID)
See user identifier.
UI part
An EGL declaration that is used for data presentation. The types of UI parts are forms, form groups, and UI records.
UI record
In EGL, a data structure that makes communication possible between an action program and a specific Web page. This type of record is used to migrate VisualAge Generator Web transactions.
Unified Change Management (UCM)
A process, layered on base ClearCase and ClearQuest functionality, for organizing software development teams and their work products. Members of a project team use activities and components to organize their work.
Unified Modeling Language
A standard notation for the modeling of real-world objects as a first step in developing an object-oriented design methodology.
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
A unique address that is used to identify content on the Web, such as a page of text, a video or sound clip, a still or animated image, or a program. The most common form of URI is the Web page address, which is a particular form or subset of URI called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A URI typically describes how to access the resource, the computer that contains the resource, and the name of the resource (a file name) on the computer. See also Uniform Resource Name.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
The unique address of an information resource that is accessible in a network such as the Internet. The URL includes the abbreviated name of the protocol used to access the information resource and the information used by the protocol to locate the information resource.
Uniform Resource Name (URN)
A name that uniquely identifies a Web service to a client. See also Uniform Resource Identifier.
United Nations Standard Products and Services Classification (UNSPSC)
An open global standard for classifying products and services based on common function, purpose, and task.
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)
A set of standards-based specifications that enables companies and applications to quickly and easily find and use Web services over the Internet.
unrealized
Pertains to a Web diagram node that is not yet associated with an actual resource. See also realize.
UNSPSC
See United Nations Standard Products and Services Classification.
URI
See Uniform Resource Identifier. See also Uniform Resource Name.
URL
See Uniform Resource Locator.
URN
See Uniform Resource Name. See also Uniform Resource Identifier.
user-defined function (UDF)
A function that is defined to the DB2 database system by using the CREATE FUNCTION statement and that can be referenced thereafter in SQL statements. A user-defined function can be an external function or an SQL function.
user ID (uid)
See user identifier.
user identifier (uid, user ID)
A string of characters that uniquely identifies a user to a system.
validation
The checking of data or code for correctness or for compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions.
validation action
A mechanism for verifying whether the actual value of a variable at run time corresponds to the expected value of that variable. See also timing constraint.
validator
A program that checks data or code for correctness or for compliance with applicable standards, rules, and conventions.
version
An object that implements a particular revision of an element. The versions of an element are organized into a version tree structure. See also checked-out version.
version control
The coordination and integration of the history of work submitted by a team.
versioned object base (VOB)
A repository that stores versions of file elements, directory elements, derived objects, and metadata associated with these objects.
version tree
The hierarchical structure in which all the versions of an element are (logically) organized. The version tree display also shows merge operations.
view
A ClearCase object that provides a work area for one or more users. For each element in a VOB, a view's configuration specification selects one version from the element's version tree. Each view can also store view-private files and view-private directories, which do not appear in other views. There are two kinds of views: snapshot views and dynamic views.
In Eclipse-based user interfaces, any pane in the workbench that is outside the editor area and can be stacked (dragged and dropped) on top of other views. Views provide different ways to look at or work with the resources in the workbench.
view-private object
A file or directory that exists only in a particular view. View-private objects are not version controlled.
VOB
See versioned object base.
VOB database
The part of a versioned object base (VOB) storage directory in which ClearCase metadata and VOB objects are stored. This area is managed by the database management software embedded in ClearCase. The actual file system data is stored in the VOB's storage pools.
VOB family
In ClearCase Multisite, the set of all replicas of a particular versioned object base (VOB). All the replicas share the same VOB family UUID; each replica has its own VOB replica UUID.
WAP
See Wireless Application Protocol.
WAR
See Web archive. See also enterprise archive, Java archive.
WAR file
See also enterprise archive, Java archive. See Web archive.
watchpoint
A breakpoint that suspends execution when a specified field or expression is modified.
Web application
An application that is accessible by a Web browser and that provides some function beyond static display of information, for instance by allowing the user to query a database. Common components of a Web application include HTML pages, JSP pages, and servlets.
Web archive (WAR)
A compressed file format, defined by the J2EE standard, for storing all the resources required to install and run a Web application in a single file. See also enterprise archive, Java archive.
Web browser
A client program that initiates requests to a Web server and displays the information that the server returns.
Web container
A container that implements the Web component contract of the J2EE architecture. (Sun)
Web diagram
A Struts file that uses icons and other images on a free-form surface to help application developers visualize the flow structure of a Struts-based Web application.
Web module
A unit that consists of one or more Web components and a Web deployment descriptor. (Sun)
Web project
A container for other resources such as source files and metadata that corresponds to the J2EE-defined container structure and hierarchy of files necessary for Web applications to be deployed.
Web resource
Any one of the resources that are created during the development of a Web application for example Web projects, HTML pages, JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, servlets, custom tag libraries, and archive files.
Web server
A software program that is capable of servicing Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests.
Web service
A self-contained, self-describing modular application that can be published, discovered, and invoked over a network using standard network protocols. Typically, XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data, WSDL is used for describing the services available, and UDDI is used for listing what services are available.
Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
An XML-based specification for describing networked services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information.
Web Services Interoperability Organization (WSI)
An open industry organization that promotes Web services interoperability across platforms, operating systems, and programming languages.
Web Services Invocation Language (WSIL)
An XML document format that facilitates the discovery of existing Web services and provides a set of rules for how inspection-related information should be made available for consumption.
Web site
A related collection of files available on the Web that is managed by a single entity (an organization or an individual) and contains information in hypertext for its users. A Web site often includes hypertext links to other Web sites.
WebSphere
An IBM brand name that encompasses tools for developing e-business applications and middleware for running Web applications.
WebSphere Application Server
Web application server software that runs on a Web server and that can be used to deploy, integrate, execute, and manage e-business applications.
WebSphere test environment
A runtime environment that is integrated into the Rational development workbench for testing applications that are targeted for WebSphere Application Server.
what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG)
A capability of an editor to continually display pages exactly as they will be printed or otherwise rendered.
widget
A reusable user interface component such as a button, scrollbar, control area, or text edit area, that can receive input from the keyboard or mouse and can communicate with an application or with another widget.
wink in
To convert a nonshareable derived object to a shared derived object.
To cause a shareable derived object to appear in a view, even though its file system data is actually located in a VOB's derived object storage pool.
wire
A technique for connecting two or more cooperative portlets so that changes in the source portlet automatically update the target portlets without any user interaction. See also Click-to-Action, cooperative portlets.
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
An open industry standard for mobile Internet access that allows mobile users with wireless devices to easily and instantly access and interact with information and services.
Wireless Markup Language (WML)
A markup language based on XML that is used to present content and user interfaces for wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers, and personal digital assistants.
wizard
An active form of help that guides users through each step of a particular task.
WML
See Wireless Markup Language.
workbench
The user interface and integrated development environment (IDE) in Eclipse and Eclipse-based tools such as IBM Rational Application Developer.
working set
The parts of a program's executable code, data areas, or both that are being used intensively and are therefore important to keep in the fastest possible type of storage. Thus a program's instruction cache working set is the set of program cache lines that need to be kept in the instruction cache if the program is to run at maximum speed.
workspace
In Eclipse, the collection of projects and other resources that the user is currently developing in the workbench. Metadata about these resources resides in a directory on the file system; the resources might reside in the same directory.
wrapper
An object that encapsulates and delegates to another object to alter its interface or behavior in some way. (Sun)
WSDL
See Web Services Description Language.
WSDL document
A file that provides a set of definitions that describe a Web service in Web Services Description Language (WSDL) format.
WSDL file
See WSDL document.
WSI
See Web Services Interoperability Organization.
WSIL
See Web Services Invocation Language.
WYSIWYG
See what you see is what you get.
Xalan processor
An XSLT processor that is part of the Apache project. See also XSL Transformation.
XDoclet
An open, source code generation engine that uses special JavaDoc tags to parse Java source files and generate output such as XML descriptors or source code, based on templates.
XHTML
See Extensible Hypertext Markup Language.
XML
See Extensible Markup Language.
XML catalog
A catalog that contains rules specifying how an XML processor should resolve references to entities. Use of a catalog eliminates the need to change URIs within XML documents as resources are moved during development.
XML parser
A program that reads XML documents and provides an application with access to their content and structure.
XML Path Language (XPath)
A language that is designed to uniquely identify or address parts of source XML data, for use with XML-related technologies, such as XSLT, XQuery, and XML parsers. XPath is a World Wide Web Consortium standard.
XML schema
A mechanism for describing and constraining the content of XML files by indicating which elements are allowed and in which combinations. XML schemas are an alternative to document type definitions (DTDs) and can be used to extend functionality in the areas of data typing, inheritance, and presentation.
XML Schema Definition Language (XSD, XSDL)
A language for describing XML files that contain XML schema.
XPath
See XML Path Language.
XPath expression
An expression that searches through an XML document and extracts information from the nodes (any part of the document, such as an element or attribute) in that document.
XSD
See XML Schema Definition Language. A language for describing XML files that contain XML schema.
XSDL
See XML Schema Definition Language. A language for describing XML files that contain XML schema.
XSL
See Extensible Stylesheet Language.
XSL style sheet
Code that describes how an XML document should be rendered (displayed or printed).
XSLT
See XSL Transformation. See also Xalan processor.
XSLT function
Function that is defined by the XSL Transform (XSLT) specification for the manipulation of numbers, strings, Boolean values, and node-sets.
XSL Transformation (XSLT)
A standard that uses XSL style sheets to transform XML documents into other XML documents, fragments, or HTML documents. See also Xalan processor.

Feedback