This glossary includes terms and definitions for the Rational Software Development Platform.
The following cross-references are used in this glossary:
- See refers you from a term to a preferred synonym, or from an
acronym or abbreviation to the defined full form.
- See also refers you to a related or contrasting term.
To view glossaries for other IBM products, go to http://www-306.ibm.com/software/globalization/terminology/
- abstract schema
- Part of the deployment descriptor for an entity bean that is used to define
the bean's relationships, persistent fields, or query statements.
- abstract test
- A component or unit test that is used to test Java interfaces, abstract
classes, and superclasses; that cannot be run on its own; and that does not
include a test suite. See also component
test.
- Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)
- In Java programming, a collection of GUI components that were implemented
using native-platform versions of the components. These components provide
that subset of functionality which is common to all operating system environments.
(Sun) See also Swing Set, Standard Widget Toolkit.
- access bean
- An enterprise bean wrapper that is typically used by client programs,
such as JSP files and servlets. Access beans hide the complexity of using
enterprise beans and improve the performance of reading and writing multiple
EJB properties.
- access control
- In computer security, the process of ensuring that users can access only
those resources of a computer system for which they are authorized.
- accessibility
- An attribute of a software or hardware product that is usable by individuals
who have disabilities.
- access intent
- Metadata that optimizes and controls the runtime behavior of an entity
bean with respect to concurrency control, resource management, and database
access strategies.
- Action class
- In Struts, the superclass of all action classes.
- action mapping
- A Struts configuration file entry that associates an action name with
an Action class, a form bean, and a local forward.
- action set
- In Eclipse, a group of commands that a perspective contributes to the
main toolbar and menu bar.
- activation
- In EJB, the process of transferring an enterprise bean from secondary
storage to memory. (Sun)
- activity
- A ClearCase Unified Change Management (UCM) object that tracks the work
required to complete a development task. An activity includes a text headline,
which describes the task, and a change set, which identifies all versions
that developers create or modify while working on the activity.
- activity log
- An audit trail of every function that has altered the data in the active
ledger.
- administrative VOB
- A versioned object base (VOB) that contains global type objects. Local
copies of global type objects can be created in any VOB that has an AdminVOB
hyperlink to the administrative VOB that defines the global type object.
- agent
- A program that automatically performs a specific service, such as data
collection, without user intervention or on a regular schedule.
- Agent Controller
- A daemon process that resides on each deployment host and provides the
mechanism by which client applications either launch new host processes or
attach to agents that coexist within existing processes on the host.
- aggregation
- The structured collection of data objects for subsequent presentation
within a portal.
- AJAX
- See Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
- alias
- In EGL generation, a name that is placed in the output source file in
place of the name that was in the EGL source code. In most cases, the original
name is aliased because it was not valid in the target generation language.
- anonymous user
- A user who does not use a valid user ID and password to log into a site.
- Apache HTTP Server
- An open-source Web server. IBM offers a Web server, called the IBM HTTP
Server, which is based on Apache.
- APAR
- See authorized program analysis report.
- API
- See application programming interface.
- applet
- A small application program that performs a specific task and is usually
portable between operating systems. Often written in Java, applets can be
downloaded from the Internet and run in a Web browser.
- application client
- In J2EE, a first-tier client component that executes in its own Java virtual
machine. Application clients have access to some J2EE platform APIs, for example
JNDI, JDBC, RMI-IIOP, and JMS. (Sun)
- application client module
- A Java archive (JAR) file that contains a client that accesses a Java
application. The Java application runs inside a client container and can connect
to remote or client-side J2EE resources.
- Application Client project
- A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a first-tier
client component that executes in its own Java virtual machine.
- application programming interface (API)
- An interface that allows an application program that is written in a high-level
language to use specific data or functions of the operating system or another
program.
- application server
- A program in a distributed network that provides the execution environment
for an application program.
- artifact
- A physical piece of information that is used or produced by a software
development process. Examples of artifacts include models, source files, scripts,
and binary executable files.
- association
- In enterprise beans, a relationship that exists between two container-managed
persistence (CMP) entity beans. There are two types of association: one-to-one
and one-to-many.
- For XML documents, the linkage of the document itself to the rules that
govern its structure, which may be defined by a Document Type Definition (DTD)
or an XML schema.
- ASYNC
- See asynchronous.
- asynchronous (ASYNC)
- Pertaining to events that are not synchronized in time or do not occur
in regular or predictable time intervals.
- Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
- A group of technologies used to create dynamic, interactive Web pages
that respond quickly to requests through the exchange of smaller chunks of
data. AJAX uses a combination of existing technologies and protocols including
XHTML, CSS, XML, client-side scripting languages such as JavaScript, Document
Object Model, and an asynchronous data retrieval mechanism such as XMLHttpRequest.
- attribute
- A characteristic or trait of an entity that describes the entity; for
example, the telephone number of an employee is one of that employee's attributes.
- authentication
- The security service that provides proof that a user of a computer system
is genuinely who that person claims to be. Common mechanisms for implementing
this service are passwords and digital signatures. Authentication is distinct
from authorization; authentication is not concerned with granting or denying
access to system resources.
- authorization
- The method that determines which portlets a user or a user group can access.
- authorized program analysis report (APAR)
- A request for correction of a defect in a current release of an IBM-supplied
program.
- AWT
- See Abstract Window Toolkit.
See also Swing Set, Standard
Widget Toolkit.
- Axis
- An implementation of SOAP on which Java Web services can be implemented.
- B2B
- See business-to-business.
- BA
- See basic authentication.
- baseline
- A ClearCase Unified Change Management (UCM) object that typically represents
a stable configuration for one or more components. A baseline identifies activities
and one version of every element that is visible in one or more components.
Developers can create a development stream or rebase an existing development
stream from a baseline.
- base time
- The time spent executing a particular method. Base time does not include
time spent in other Java methods that this method calls.
- basic authentication (BA)
- An authentication method that uses a user name and a password.
- basic program
- A type of EGL program part that performs tasks without interacting with
users in real time.
- bean
- A definition or instance of a JavaBeans component. See also enterprise
bean, JavaBeans.
- bean class
- In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, a Java class that implements
a javax.ejb.EntityBean class or javax.ejb.SessionBean class.
- bean-managed persistence (BMP)
- The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables
and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean. (Sun) See also container-managed persistence.
- bind
- To establish a connection between software components on a network using
an agreed-to protocol. In Web services, the bind operation occurs when the
service requestor invokes or initiates an interaction with the service at
run time using the binding details in the service description to locate, contact,
and invoke the service.
- BMP
- See bean-managed persistence.
See also container-managed persistence.
- bottleneck
- A place in the system where contention for a resource is affecting performance.
- bottom-up development
- In Web services, the process of developing a service from an existing
artifact such as a Java bean or enterprise bean rather than a Web Services
Definition Language (WSDL) file. See also top-down
development.
- bottom-up mapping
- In Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) programming, an approach for mapping enterprise
beans to database tables, in which the schema is first imported from an existing
database and then enterprise beans and mappings are generated.
- boundary class
- In performance profiling, a class that is normally excluded in the filtering
criteria, but which is directly invoked by the classes that are included as
filters.
- branch
- An object that specifies a linear sequence of versions of an element.
Each branch is an instance of a branch type object.
- In the CVS team development environment, a separate line of development
where changes can be isolated. When a programmer changes files on a branch,
those changes do not appear on the main trunk or other branches.
- breakpoint
- A specified point in a program where the system stops processing and can
be resumed after manual intervention.
- build
- The process during which a ClearCase build program (clearmake, clearaudit,
or omake) produces one or more derived objects. This may involve actual translation
of source files and construction of binary files by compilers, linkers, text
formatters, and so on. A system build consists of a combination of actual
target rebuilds and build avoidance.
- To create or modify resources, usually based on the state of other resources.
A Java builder converts Java source files into executable class files, for
example, and a Web link builder updates links to files whose name or location
has changed.
- build avoidance
- The ability of a ClearCase build program to fulfill a build request by
using an existing derived object instead of creating a new one by executing
a build script. The build program can reuse a derived object currently in
the view or wink in a derived object that exists in another view. The process
by which the build program decides how to produce a derived object is called
configuration lookup.
- build descriptor option
- In a build descriptor part, a property that helps control generation or
preparation.
- build descriptor part
- An EGL part that controls the generation process through option-and-value
pairs that specify how to generate and prepare output.
- build path
- The path that is used during compilation of Java source code, in order
to find referenced classes that reside in other projects.
- build plan
- An XML file that defines the processing necessary to build generation
outputs and that specifies the machine where processing takes place.
- business entity
- In Web services programming, a data structure type that contains information
about the business that has published the service. The business entity is
specified when the service is registered.
- business method
- A method of an enterprise bean that implements the business logic or rules
of an application. (Sun)
- business service
- In Web services programming, a data structure type that contains information
about groups of Web services.The business service structure is specified when
a service is registered.
- business-to-business (B2B)
- Refers to Internet applications that exchange information or execute transactions
between businesses.
- bytecode
- Machine-independent code generated by the Java compiler and executed by
the Java interpreter. (Sun)
- C2A
- See Click-to-Action. See also cooperative portlets, wire.
- call stack
- A list of data elements that is constructed and maintained by the by the
Java virtual machine (JVM) for a program to successfully call and return from
a method.
- capability
- In Eclipse, a group of functions that can be hidden or revealed in order
to simplify the user interface. Capabilities are enabled or disabled by changing
preference settings.
- cascading style sheet (CSS)
- A file that defines a hierarchical set of style rules for controlling
the rendering of HTML or XML files in browsers, viewers, or in print.
- change set
- A list of related versions associated with a Unified Change Management
(UCM) activity. ClearCase records the versions that developers create while
working on an activity. An activity uses a change set to record the versions
of files that are delivered, integrated, and released together.
- channel
- A specialized Web application within a portal to which a user can subscribe.
- cheat sheet
- An interface that guides users through the wizards and steps required
to perform a complex task, and that links to relevant sections of the online
help.
- check box
- A square box with associated text that represents a choice. When a user
selects the choice, the check box is filled to indicate that the choice is
selected. The user can clear the check box by selecting the choice again,
thereby deselecting the choice.
- checked-out version
- The view-private file that corresponds to the object created in a VOB
database by the checkout command. See also version.
- check in
- In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems, to copy files
back into the repository after changing them.
- checkin
- The second part of the two-part process that extends a branch of an element's
version tree with a new version. Checkin completes the process by creating
the new version.
- check out
- In certain software configuration management (SCM) systems, to copy the
latest revision of a file from the repository so that it can be modified.
- cHTML
- See Compact Hypertext Markup Language.
- class
- In object-oriented design or programming, a model or template that can
be used to create objects with a common definition and common properties,
operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of a class.
- class diagram
- A diagram that shows a collection of declarative (static) model elements,
such as classes, types, and their contents and relationships.
- class file
- A compiled Java source file.
- class hierarchy
- The relationships between classes that share a single inheritance.
- class loader
- Part of the Java virtual machine (JVM) that is responsible for finding
and loading class files. A class loader affects the packaging of applications
and the runtime behavior of packaged applications deployed on application
servers.
- class path
- A list of directories and JAR files that contain resource files or Java
classes that a program can load dynamically at run time.
- class statistics
- Statistical information that includes information such as the number of
instances of the class in the application, the CPU time spent in that class,
the number of calls made to the class, and so on.
- ClearCase administrators group
- On Windows systems, a special group that is usually created in the Windows
domain when ClearCase is installed. Only ClearCase administrative accounts
and the login account for the ALBD Service should be members of this group.
- ClearCase registry
- A set of files on the registry server host that map logical versioned
object base (VOB) and view names (VOB tags and view tags) to physical storage
locations (VOB storage directories and view storage directories).
- Click-to-Action (C2A)
- A method for implementing cooperative portlets, whereby users can click
an icon on a source portlet to transfer data to one or more target portlets.
See also cooperative portlets, wire.
- client
- A system or process that is dependent on another system or process (usually
called the server) to provide it with access to data, services, programs,
or resources. See also server, host.
- client proxy
- An object on the client side of a network connection that provides a remote
procedure call interface to a service on the server side.
- client/server
- Pertaining to the model of interaction in distributed data processing
in which a program on one computer sends a request to a program on another
computer and awaits a response. The requesting program is called a client;
the answering program is called a server. See also distributed
application.
- clipboard
- An area of computer memory, or storage, that temporarily holds data. Data
in the clipboard is available to other applications.
- clock time
- The elapsed time in real time. Clock time differs from CPU time as thread
switches and process context switches introduce uncertainty in performance
calculation; clock time does not account for this execution behavior.
- CMP
- See container-managed persistence.
See also bean-managed persistence.
- code assist
- See content assist.
- collaboration
- The ability to connect customers, employees, or business partners to the
people and processes in a business or organization, in order to facilitate
improved decision-making. Collaboration involves two or more individuals with
complementary skills interacting together to resolve a business problem.
- common area
- In a Web page that is based on a page template, the fixed region of the
page.
- Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
- An architecture and a specification for distributed object-oriented computing
that separates client and server programs with a formal interface definition.
See also Internet Inter-ORB Protocol.
- Compact Hypertext Markup Language (cHTML)
- A format for publishing hypertext information on wireless devices.
- compilation unit
- A portion of a computer program sufficiently complete to be compiled correctly.
- complex type
- In XML, a type that allows elements in its content and may carry attributes.
See also simple type.
- component
- In Eclipse, one or more plug-ins that work together to deliver a discrete
set of functions.
- A ClearCase object that is used to group a set of related directory and
file elements within a Unified Change Management (UCM) project. Typically,
the elements that make up a component are developed, integrated, and released
together. A project must contain at least one component, and it can contain
multiple components. Projects can share components.
- A reusable object or program that performs a specific function and is
designed to work with other components and applications.
- component test
- An automated test of one or more components of an enterprise application,
which may include Java classes, EJB beans, or Web services. A component test
comprises a Java test script based on the JUnit framework plus validation
actions, initialization points, timing constraints, and associated test data
that is maintained separately from the test script. See also abstract
test, test pattern.
- composer
- In EJB, a class used to map a single complex bean field to multiple database
columns. Composition is needed for complex fields that are themselves objects
with fields and behavior.
- concrete portlet
- A logical representation of a portlet object distinguished by a unique
configuration parameter (PortletSettings). You can have multiple concrete
portlets for each portlet object.
- Concurrent Versions System (CVS)
- An open-source, network-transparent version control system.
- config spec
- See configuration specification.
- configuration file
- A Struts file that contains information about data sources, form beans,
global forwards, and action mappings.
- configuration specification (config spec)
- A set of rules that specify which versions of VOB elements a view selects.
The config spec for a snapshot view also specifies which elements to load
into the view.
- connection factory
- A set of configuration values that produces connections that enable a
J2EE component to access a resource. Connection factories provide on-demand
connections from an application to an enterprise information system (EIS).
- connector
- A servlet that provides a portlet access to external sources of content,
for example, a news feed from a Web site of a local television station.
- In J2EE, a standard extension mechanism for containers to provide connectivity
to enterprise information systems (EISs). A connector consists of a resource
adapter and application development tools (Sun). See also container.
- container
- A column or row that is used to arrange the layout of a portlet or other
container on a page.
- An entity that provides life-cycle management, security, deployment, and
runtime services to components. (Sun) See also resource
adapter, connector.
- container-managed persistence (CMP)
- The mechanism whereby data transfer between an entity bean's variables
and a resource manager is managed by the entity bean's container. (Sun) See
also bean-managed persistence.
- container-managed transaction
- A transaction whose boundaries are defined by an EJB container. An entity
bean must use container-managed transactions. (Sun)
- container transaction
- See container-managed transaction.
- content area
- In a Web page that is based on a page template, the editable region of
the page.
- content assist
- A feature of some source editors that prompts the user with a list of
valid alternatives for completing the current line of code or input field.
- contention
- A situation in which a transaction attempts to lock a row or table that
is already locked.
- content model
- The representation of any data that may be contained inside an XML element.
There are four kinds of content models: element content, mixed content, EMPTY
content and ANY content.
- content provider
- A source for content that can be incorporated into a portal page as a
portlet.
- content spot
- A class file that is added to a JSP file to designate display of personalized
data or content. Each content spot has a name and will accept a specific type
of data from a rule.
- context root
- The Web application root, which is the top-level directory of an application
when it is deployed to a Web server.
- control
- See widget.
- converter
- In EJB programming, a class that translates a database representation
to an object type and back.
- cooperative portlets
- Two or more portlets on the same Web page that interact by sharing information.
An action or event in the source portlet triggers changes in the target portlets.
See also Click-to-Action, wire, property
broker.
- copy helper
- An access bean that contains a local copy of attributes from a remote
entity bean. Unlike Java bean wrappers, copy helpers are optimized for use
with a single instance of an entity bean.
- CORBA
- See Common Object Request Broker
Architecture. See also Internet
Inter-ORB Protocol.
- create method
- In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked
by a client to create an enterprise bean. (Sun)
- CSS
- See cascading style sheet.
- cumulative time
- The time that a method spends on the execution stack, including both time
spent in the method itself and in other methods that it calls.
- custom action
- In JSP programming, an action described in a portable manner by a tag
library descriptor and a collection of Java classes and imported into a JSP
page by a taglib directive. (Sun)
- custom finder
- See finder method.
- customization
- The modification of a portal page or portlet by a user. WebSphere Portal
enables a user to customize a portal page by modifying the page layout and
by selecting which portlets will display per device. See also personalization.
- customizer
- A Java class (implementing the java.beans.Customizer interface) that is
associated with a bean to provide a richer user interface for that bean's
properties.
- custom tag
- An extension to the JavaServer Pages (JSP) language that performs a specialized
task. Custom tags are usually distributed in the form of a tag library, which
also contains the Java classes that implement the tags.
- CVS
- See Concurrent Versions System.
- DAD
- See document access definition.
- DAD script
- A file that is used by the DB2 XML Extender, either to compose XML documents
from existing DB2 data or to decompose XML documents into DB2 data.
- DADX
- See document access definition extension.
- DADX group
- A folder that contains database connection (JDBC and JNDI) and other information
that is shared between DADX files within the group.
- DADX runtime
- In a DADX Web service, the period of time during which SOAP requests are
sent to the new Web service. The DADX runtime environment provides information
to the DADX Web service, including the HTTP GET and POST bindings, the test
page, WSDL generation, and the translation of DTD data into XML schema data.
- daemon
- A program that runs unattended to perform continuous or periodic functions,
such as network control.
- data class
- An access bean that provides data storage and access methods for caching
enterprise bean properties. Unlike copy helpers, data class access beans work
with enterprise beans that have local client views as well as remote client
views.
- data definition
- A data object that defines a database or table.
- Data Definition Language (DDL)
- A language for describing data and its relationships in a database.
- data item
- In EGL, an area of memory that is not in a structure and is based either
on a data item part or on an explicit primitive-type description such as CHAR(3).
- data object
- Any object (such as tables, views, indexes, functions, triggers, and packages)
that can be created or manipulated using SQL statements.
- data object filter
- A control that allows the exclusion of data objects (such as tables and
schemas) from the tree view of the database.
- data part
- An EGL definition that specifies a data structure. The types of data parts
are dataItem, dataTable, and record parts.
- data source
- In JDBC, an interface that provides a logical representation of a pool
of connections to a physical data source. Data source objects provide application
portability by making it unnecessary to supply information specific to a particular
database driver.
- DB2
- A family of IBM licensed programs for relational database management.
- DB2 XML Extender
- A program that is used to store and manage XML documents in DB2 tables.
Well-formed and validated XML documents can be generated from existing relational
data, stored as column data, and the content of XML elements and attributes
can be stored in DB2 tables.
- DDL
- See Data Definition Language.
- deadlock
- A condition in which two independent threads of control are blocked, each
waiting for the other to take some action. Deadlock often arises from adding
synchronization mechanisms to avoid race conditions.
- debug engine
- The server component of the debugger, whose client/server design enables
both local and remote debugging. The debug engine runs on the same system
as the program being debugged.
- debugger
- A tool used to detect and trace errors in computer programs.
- debugging session
- The debugging activities that occur between the time that a developer
starts a debugger and the time that the developer exits from it.
- declaration
- In Java programming, a statement that establishes an identifier and associates
attributes with it, without necessarily reserving its storage or providing
the implementation. (Sun)
- decoration
- In graphical user interfaces (GUIs), a glyph that annotates a resource
with status information, for example to indicate that a file has changed since
it was last saved or checked out of a repository.
- deliver
- A ClearCase operation in which developers merge the work from their own
development streams to the project's integration stream or to a feature-specific
development stream. If required, the deliver operation invokes the Merge Manager
to merge versions.
- deploy
- To place files or install software into an operational environment. In
J2EE, this involves creating a deployment descriptor suitable to the type
of application that is being deployed.
- deployment code
- Additional code that enables bean implementation code written by an application
developer to work in a particular EJB runtime environment. Deployment code
can be generated by tools that the application server vendor supplies.
- deployment descriptor
- An XML file that describes how to deploy a module or application by specifying
configuration and container options. For example, an EJB deployment descriptor
passes information to an EJB container about how to manage and control an
enterprise bean.
- deployment directory
- The directory where the published server configuration and Web application
are located on the machine where the application server is installed.
- deprecated
- Pertaining to an entity, such as a programming element or feature, that
is supported but no longer recommended and that might become obsolete.
- derived object (DO)
- An MVFS file produced by a clearmake or omake build or a clearaudit session.
Each derived object is associated with the configuration record that is created
by the ClearCase build program to document the build. A shareable DO can be
winked in by other views; a nonshareable DO cannot be winked in unless you
explicitly make it available.
- deserializer
- A method for converting a serialized variable into object data. See also serializer.
- development stream
- A ClearCase Unified Change Management (UCM) object that determines which
versions of elements appear in a development view and maintains a list of
a developer's activities. The development stream configures the development
view to select the versions associated with the foundation baselines plus
any activities and versions that developers create after they join the project
or rebase their development stream.
- dialog box
- A secondary window that solicits user input for a specific task or subtask.
Common examples are the Print and Save As dialog boxes. Dialog boxes are modal;
that is, they must be closed before the user can continue working in the window
that launched the dialog box.
- directive
- A first-failure data capture (FFDC) construct that may be contained in
a WebSphere Application Server symptom database in order to provide information
and suggested actions to assist a diagnostic module in customizing the data
that is logged.
- discover
- In UDDI, to browse the business registry to locate existing Web services
for integration.
- distributed application
- An application made up of distinct components that are physically located
on different computer systems, connected by a network. See also client/server.
- DO
- See derived object.
- document access definition (DAD)
- An XML document format used by DB2 XML Extender to define the mapping
between XML and relational data.
- document access definition extension (DADX)
- An XML document format that specifies how to create a Web service using
a set of operations that are defined by DAD documents and SQL statements.
- Document Object Model (DOM)
- A system in which a structured document, for example an XML file, is viewed
as a tree of objects that can be programmatically accessed and updated.
- document type definition (DTD)
- The rules that specify the structure for a particular class of SGML or
XML documents. The DTD defines the structure with elements, attributes, and
notations, and it establishes constraints for how each element, attribute,
and notation can be used within the particular class of documents.
- DOM
- See Document Object Model.
- DOM element
- One member of a tree of elements that is created when an XML file is parsed
with a DOM parser. DOM elements make it easy to quickly identify all elements
in the source XML file.
- Domino directory
- A database that provides a domain-wide directory of Domino servers, users,
certifiers, foreign domains, and groups. It also contains documents that manage
server-to-server communication and server programs.
- drop-down
- Pertaining to a list or menu that opens when clicked and stays open until
the user selects a menu or list item or clicks elsewhere in the user interface.
- DTD
- See document type definition.
- dynaform
- An instance of a DynaActionForm class or subclass that stores HTML form
data from a submitted client request or that stores input data from a link
that a user clicked.
- dynamic view
- A view that is always current with the versioned object base (VOB) (as
specified by the config spec). Dynamic views use the multiversion file system
(MVFS) to create and maintain a directory tree that contains versions of VOB
elements and view-private files.
- dynamic Web content
- Programming elements such as JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, servlets, and
scripts that require client or server-side processing for accurate runtime
rendering in a Web browser.
- dynamic Web project
- A project that contains resources for a Web application with dynamic content
such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files. The structure of a dynamic
Web project reflects the J2EE standard for Web content, classes, class paths,
the deployment descriptor, and so on.
- EAR
- See enterprise archive. See
also Web archive, Java
archive.
- EAR file
- See also Web archive, Java archive. See enterprise
archive.
- EAR project
- See enterprise application project.
- e-business
- The transaction of business over an electronic medium such as the Internet.
- Eclipse
- An open-source initiative that provides ISVs and other tool developers
with a standard platform for developing plug-compatible application development
tools.
- eclipsed
- Pertaining to a versioned object base (VOB) object that is not visible
because another object with the same name is currently selected by the view.
- Eclipse Modeling Framework
- The Eclipse components that define and implement structured data models,
which are a set of related classes that are used to handle data in applications.
- editor area
- In Eclipse and Eclipse-based products, the area in the workbench window
where files are opened for editing.
- EGL
- See Enterprise Generation Language.
- EGL build file
- An XML file with an .eglbld extension, used to store definitions of EGL
build parts.
- EGL file
- An Enterprise Generation Language program file (extension .eglpgm), definitions
file (extension .egldef), or build file (extension .eglbld).
- EGL keyword
- A term that begins an EGL statement that is neither a function invocation
nor an assignment statement. Keywords include add and delete.
- EGL source file
- A text file with an .egl extension, used to store definitions of EGL data,
logic, and UI parts.
- EGL statement
- A directive that is coded into an EGL function part to cause an action
when the generated program runs. Examples include an EGL assignment statement
and an EGL add statement.
- EIS
- See enterprise information system.
See also resource adapter.
- EJB
- See Enterprise JavaBeans.
- EJB bean
- See also bean. See enterprise
bean.
- EJB container
- A container that implements the EJB component contract of the J2EE architecture.
This contract specifies a runtime environment for enterprise beans that includes
security, concurrency, life cycle management, transaction, deployment, and
other services. (Sun) See also EJB server.
- EJB factory
- An access bean that simplifies the creating or finding of an enterprise
bean instance.
- EJB home object
- In EJB, an object that provides the life cycle operations (create, remove,
find) for an enterprise bean. (Sun)
- EJB inheritance
- A form of inheritance in which an enterprise bean inherits properties,
methods, and method-level control descriptor attributes from another enterprise
bean that resides in the same group.
- EJB JAR file
- A Java archive that contains an EJB module. (Sun)
- EJB module
- A software unit that consists of one or more enterprise beans and an EJB
deployment descriptor. (Sun)
- EJB object
- In enterprise beans, an object whose class implements the enterprise bean
remote interface (Sun).
- EJB project
- A project that contains the resources needed for EJB applications, including
enterprise beans; home, local, and remote interfaces; JSP files; servlets;
and deployment descriptors.
- EJB query
- In the EJB query language, a string that contains an optional SELECT clause
specifying the EJB objects to return, a FROM clause that names the bean collections,
an optional WHERE clause that contains search predicates over the collections,
an optional ORDER BY clause that specifies the ordering of the result collection;
and input parameters that correspond to the arguments of the finder method.
- EJB query language
- A query language that defines finder methods for entity beans with container
managed persistence. The definition uses a language based on SQL that allows
searches on the persistent attributes of an enterprise bean and associated
bean attributes.
- EJB reference
- A logical name used by an application to locate the home interface of
an enterprise bean in the target operational environment.
- EJB server
- Software that provides services to an EJB container. An EJB server may
host one or more EJB containers. (Sun) See also EJB
container.
- element
- In the Java development tools (JDT) feature of Eclipse, a generic term
that can refer to Java packages, classes, types, interfaces, methods, or fields.
- In markup languages such as SGML, XML, and HTML, a basic unit consisting
of a start tag, end tag, associated attributes and their values, and any text
that is contained between the two.
- An object that encompasses a set of versions, organized into a version
tree.
- element type
- A class of versioned file or directory objects. ClearCase supports predefined
element types. Users can define additional types that are refinements of the
predefined types. When an element is created, it is assigned one of the currently
defined element types in its versioned object base (VOB). Each user-defined
element type is implemented as a separate VOB object.
- endpoint
- The system that is the origin or destination of a session.
- endpoint listener
- The point or address at which incoming messages for a Web service are
received by a service integration bus.
- enterprise application
- See J2EE application.
- enterprise application project (EAR project)
- A structure and hierarchy of folders and files that contain a deployment
descriptor and IBM extension document as well as files that are common to
all J2EE modules that are defined in the deployment descriptor.
- enterprise archive (EAR)
- A specialized type of JAR file, defined by the J2EE standard, used to
deploy J2EE applications to J2EE application servers. An EAR file contains
EJB components, a deployment descriptor, and Web archive (WAR) files for individual
Web applications. See also Web archive, Java archive.
- enterprise bean
- A component that implements a business task or business entity and resides
in an EJB container. Entity beans, session beans, and message-driven beans
are all enterprise beans. (Sun) See also bean.
- Enterprise Generation Language (EGL)
- A high-level language that allows developers to focus on business logic
as they create complex business applications for deployment in any of several
environments, including the Web. The language simplifies database and message-queue
access, as well as the use of J2EE.
- enterprise information system (EIS)
- The applications that comprise an enterprise's existing system for handling
companywide information. An enterprise information system offers a well-defined
set of services that are exposed as local or remote interfaces or both. (Sun)
See also resource adapter.
- Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
- A component architecture defined by Sun Microsystems for the development
and deployment of object-oriented, distributed, enterprise-level applications.
- entity
- In markup languages such as XML, a collection of characters that can be
referenced as a unit, for example to incorporate often-repeated text or special
characters within a document.
- entity bean
- In EJB programming, an enterprise bean that represents persistent data
maintained in a database. Each entity bean carries its own identity. (Sun)
See also session bean.
- extend
- To install more than one package in the same version of Eclipse in order
for their application functions to work together in the workbench environment.
- extended namespace
- The ClearCase extension of the standard Windows or UNIX pathname hierarchy.
Each host has a view-extended namespace, which allows a pathname to access
VOB data using any view that is active on that host. Each versioned object
base (VOB) has a VOB-extended namespace, which allows a pathname to access
any version of any element, independently of (and overriding) version selection
by views. Derived objects also have extended pathnames, which include derived
object (DO) IDs.
- Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)
- A reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML. XHTML is a family
of current and future DTDs and modules that reproduce, subset, and extend
HTML.
- Extensible Markup Language (XML)
- A standard metalanguage for defining markup languages that is based on
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
- Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)
- A language for specifying style sheets for XML documents. Extensible Stylesheet
Language Transformation (XSLT) is used with XSL to describe how an XML document
is transformed into another document.
- extension
- In Eclipse, the mechanism that a plug-in uses to extend the platform.
See also extension point.
- extension point
- In Eclipse, the specification that defines what attributes and values
must be declared by an extension. See also extension.
- Faces component
- One of a collection of user interface components (such as input fields)
and data components (representing data such as records in a database) that
can be dragged to a Faces JSP file and then bound to each other to build a
dynamic Web project. See also JavaServer
Faces.
- Faces JSP file
- A file that represents a page in a dynamic Web project and contains JavaServer
Faces UI and data components. See also JavaServer
Faces.
- factory
- In object-oriented programming, a class that is used to create instances
of another class. A factory is used to isolate the creation of objects of
a particular class into one place so that new functions can be provided without
widespread code changes.
- fast view
- In Eclipse, a view that is opened and closed by clicking a button on the
shortcut bar.
- feature
- In Eclipse, a JAR file that is packaged in a form that the update manager
accepts and uses to update the platform. Features have a manifest that provides
basic information about the content of the feature, which can include plug-ins,
fragments and other files.
- FFDC
- See first-failure data capture.
- field
- In Java programming, a data member of a class.
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- In the Internet suite of protocols, an application layer protocol that
uses TCP and Telnet services to transfer bulk-data files between machines
or hosts.
- find
- See discover.
- finder method
- In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked
by a client to locate an entity bean. (Sun)
- fire
- In object-oriented programming, to cause a state transition.
- first-failure data capture (FFDC)
- A problem diagnosis aid that identifies errors, gathers and logs information
about these errors, and returns control to the affected run-time software.
- fix pack
- A cumulative collection of fixes that is made available between scheduled
refresh packs, manufacturing refreshes, or releases. It is intended to allow
customers to come up to a specific maintenance level. See also program
temporary fix, interim fix, refresh pack.
- foreign key
- In a relational database, a key in one table that references the primary
key in another table. See also primary
key.
- form
- A display screen, printed document, or file with defined spaces for information
to be inserted.
- form bean
- In Struts, a class that stores HTML or JSP form data from a submitted
client request or that stores input data from a link that a user clicked.
The superclass for all form beans is the ActionForm class.
- formGroup
- In EGL, a collection of form parts. A formGroup part is generated as an
output separate from an EGL program.
- forward
- In Struts, an object that is returned by an action and that has two fields:
a name and a path (typically the URL of a JSP). The path indicates where a
request is to be sent. A forward can be local (pertaining to a specific action)
or global (available to any action).
- foundation baseline
- In ClearCase UCM, a baseline that configures a stream. Foundation baselines
specify the versions and activities that appear in a view.
- frame
- In hypertext markup language (HTML) coding, a subset of the Web browser
window.
- frameset
- An HTML file that defines the layout of a Web page that is composed of
other, separate HTML files.
- free-form surface
- The open area in a visual editor where developers can add and manipulate
objects. For example, the Struts application diagram editor provides a free-form
surface for representing JSP pages, HTML pages, action mappings, other Struts
application diagrams, links from JSP pages, and forwards from action mappings.
- FTP
- See File Transfer Protocol.
- full build
- In Eclipse, a build in which all resources within the scope of the build
are considered. See also incremental
build.
- garbage collection
- Part of a language's runtime system or an add-on library that automatically
determines the memory that a program no longer uses, and recycles it for other
use. Garbage collection may be assisted by the compiler, the hardware, the
operating system, or any combination of the three.
- getter method
- A method whose purpose is to get the value of an instance or class variable.
This allows another object to find out the value of one of its variables.
See also setter method.
- GIF
- See Graphics Interchange Format.
- global attribute
- In XML, an attribute that is declared as a child of the schema element
rather than as part of a complex type definition. Global attributes can be
referenced in one or more content models using the ref attribute.
- global element
- In XML, an element that is declared as a child of the schema element rather
than as part of a complex type definition. Global elements can be referenced
in one or more content models using the ref attribute.
- Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
- A file format for storing images. GIF files are common on the World Wide
Web because they only contain a maximum of 256 colors and are therefore very
small.
- group
- In places, two or more people who are grouped for membership in a place.
- A collection of users who can share access authorities for protected resources.
- handle
- In the J2EE specification, an object that identifies an enterprise bean.
A client may serialize the handle, and then later deserialize it to obtain
a reference to the enterprise bean. (Sun)
- handler
- In Web services, a mechanism for processing service content and extending
the function of a JAX-RPC runtime system.
- handshake
- The exchange of messages at the start of a Secure Sockets Layer session
that allows the client to authenticate the server using public key techniques
(and, optionally, for the server to authenticate the client), then allows
the client and server to cooperate in creating symmetric keys for encryption,
decryption, and detection of tampering.
- headless
- Pertains to a program or application that can run without a graphical
user interface or, in some cases, without any user interface at all. Headless
operation is often used for network servers or embedded systems.
- heap
- In Java programming, a block of memory that the Java virtual machine uses
at run time to store Java objects. Java heap memory is managed by a garbage
collector, which automatically de-allocates Java objects that are no longer
in use.
- hijacked file
- A version in a snapshot view that is modified but not checked out. By
default, a non-checked-out version in a snapshot view is given the file attribute
of read-only. If this attributed is changed and the file is modified, the
file is out of direct ClearCase control and is considered hijacked.
- history
- Metadata in a versioned object base (VOB), consisting of event records
for that VOB's objects. The history of a file element includes the creation
event of the element itself, the creation event of each version of the file,
the creation event of each branch, the attributes assigned to the element
and/or its versions, the hyperlinks attached to the element and/or its versions,
and so on.
- home interface
- In enterprise beans, an interface that defines zero or more create and
remove methods for a session bean or zero or more create, finder, and remove
methods for an entity bean. See also remote
interface.
- home page
- The top-level Web page of a portal.
- host
- In performance profiling, a machine that owns processes that are being
profiled. See also server.
- A computer that is connected to a network and provides an access point
to that network. The host can be a client, a server, or both a client and
server simultaneously. See also server, client.
- host name
- In Internet communication, the name given to a computer. Sometimes, host
name is used to mean the fully qualified domain name; other times, it is used
to mean the most specific subname of a fully qualified domain name. For example,
if mycomputer.city.company.com is the fully qualified domain name, either
of the following host names can be used: mycomputer.city.company.com or mycomputer.
- hover help
- A form of online help that can be viewed by moving a cursor over a GUI
item such as an icon or field.
- HTML
- See Hypertext Markup Language.
- HTTP
- See Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
- HTTP over SSL (HTTPS)
- A Web protocol for secure transactions that encrypts and decrypts user
page requests and pages returned by the Web server.
- HTTPS
- See HTTP over SSL.
- Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
- A markup language that conforms to the Standard Generalized Markup Language
(SGML) standard and was designed primarily to support the online display of
textual and graphical information, including hypertext links.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- An Internet protocol that is used to transfer and display hypertext and
XML documents on the Web.
- IDE
- See integrated development environment.
- identity assertion
- The invocation credential that is asserted to the downstream server. This
credential can be set as the originating client identity, the server identity,
or another specified identity, depending on the RunAs mode for the enterprise
bean.
- IIOP
- See Internet Inter-ORB Protocol.
See also Common Object Request Broker
Architecture.
- i-mode
- An Internet service for wireless devices.
- incremental build
- In Eclipse, a build in which only resources that have changed since the
last build are considered. See also full
build.
- infopop
- A small window that displays context-sensitive help for a particular UI
element and links to related online help topics.
- information center
- A collection of information that provides support for users of one or
more products, can be launched separately from the product, and includes a
list of topics for navigation and a search engine.
- inheritance
- An object-oriented programming technique that allows the use of existing
classes as a basis for creating other classes.
- initialization point
- A user-defined constant or variable used to initialize the attributes
of an object.
- installation directory
- A directory in which unique files for a package are stored. See also shared resource.
- instance document
- An XML document that conforms to a particular schema.
- instance statistics
- Statistical information that includes information about an application
such as instances of different classes and their size, the packages to which
the classes belong, the CPU time spent in an instance of a class, and so on.
See also package statistics.
- integrated development environment (IDE)
- A set of software development tools, such as source editors, compilers,
and debuggers, that are accessible from a single user interface.
- interim fix
- A certified fix that is generally available to all customers between regularly
scheduled fix packs, refresh packs, or releases. See also fix
pack, refresh pack.
- Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP)
- A protocol used for communication between Common Object Request Broker
Architecture (CORBA) object request brokers. See also Common
Object Request Broker Architecture.
- Internet Protocol (IP)
- A protocol that routes data through a network or interconnected networks.
This protocol acts as an intermediary between the higher protocol layers and
the physical network. See also Transmission
Control Protocol.
- interoperability
- The ability of a computer or program to work with other computers or programs.
- introspector
- In Java, a class (java.beans.Introspector) that provides a standard way
for tools to learn about the properties, events, and methods supported by
a target bean. Introspectors follow the JavaBeans specification.
- IP
- See Internet Protocol. See
also Transmission Control Protocol.
- item
- In EGL, a named area of memory that contains a single value.
- J2C (JCA)
- See J2EE Connector architecture.
- J2EE
- See Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition.
See also Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
- J2EE application
- Any deployable unit of J2EE functionality. This unit can be a single module
or a group of modules packaged into an enterprise archive (EAR) file with
a J2EE application deployment descriptor. (Sun)
- J2EE Connector architecture (J2C, JCA)
- A standard architecture for connecting the J2EE platform to heterogeneous
enterprise information systems (EIS).
- J2EE Request Profiler
- The name of an agent that is attached to the application server process
for the purpose of collecting data on the interception points of the application's
requests.
- J2EE server
- A runtime environment that provides EJB or Web containers.
- J2SE
- See Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
See also Java 2 Platform, Enterprise
Edition, Java Development Kit.
- JAAS
- See Java Authentication and Authorization
Service.
- JAR file
- A Java archive file. See also enterprise
archive, Web archive.
- Java
- An object-oriented programming language for portable interpretive code
that supports interaction among remote objects. Java was developed and specified
by Sun Microsystems, Incorporated.
- Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
- An environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications, defined
by Sun Microsystems Inc. The J2EE platform consists of a set of services,
application programming interfaces (APIs), and protocols that provide the
functionality for developing multitiered, Web-based applications. (Sun) See
also Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
- Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE)
- The core Java technology platform. (Sun) See also Java
2 Platform, Enterprise Edition, Java
Development Kit.
- Java API for XML (JAX)
- A set of Java-based APIs for handling various operations involving data
defined through Extensible Markup Language (XML).
- Java API for XML-based RPC (JAX-RPC)
- A specification that describes application programming interfaces (APIs)
and conventions for building Web services and Web service clients that use
remote procedure calls (RPC) and XML. JAX-RPC is also known as JSR 101.
- Java archive
- A compressed file format for storing all of the resources that are required
to install and run a Java program in a single file. See also enterprise
archive, Web archive.
- Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)
- In J2EE technology, a standard API for performing security-based operations.
Through JAAS, services can authenticate and authorize users while enabling
the applications to remain independent from underlying technologies.
- Java bean
- See also enterprise bean, JavaBeans. See bean.
- JavaBeans
- As defined for Java by Sun Microsystems, a portable, platform-independent,
reusable component model. See also bean.
- Java class
- A class that is written in the Java language.
- Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
- An industry standard for database-independent connectivity between the
Java platform and a wide range of databases. The JDBC interface provides a
call-level API for SQL-based and XQuery-based database access.
- Java Development Kit (JDK)
- The name of the software development kit that Sun Microsystems provides
for the Java platform. See also Java
2 Platform, Standard Edition.
- Javadoc
- A tool that parses the declarations and documentation comments in a set
of source files and produces a set of HTML pages describing the classes, inner
classes, interfaces, constructors, methods, and fields. (Sun)
- Java file
- An editable source file (with .java extension) that can be compiled into
bytecode (a .class file).
- Java Message Service (JMS)
- An application programming interface that provides Java language functions
for handling messages.
- Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)
- An extension to the Java platform that provides a standard interface for
heterogeneous naming and directory services.
- Java platform
- A collective term for the Java language for writing programs; a set of
APIs, class libraries, and other programs used in developing, compiling, and
error-checking programs; and a Java virtual machine which loads and executes
the class files. (Sun)
- Java Profiling Agent
- The agent that is attached to the Java virtual machine (JVM) within which
the profiled application runs. This is the agent that is used by default to
measure the performance of a Java application as it executes.
- Java project
- In Eclipse, a project that contains compilable Java source code and is
a container for source folders or packages.
- Java runtime environment (JRE)
- A subset of a Java developer kit that contains the executable files and
other files that constitute the Java platform. The JRE includes a Java virtual
machine, core classes, and supporting files.
- JavaScript
- A Web scripting language that is used in both browsers and Web servers.
(Sun)
- JavaServer Faces (JSF)
- A framework for building Web-based user interfaces in Java. Web developers
can build applications by placing reusable UI components on a page, connecting
the components to an application data source, and wiring client events to
server event handlers. See also JavaServer
Pages, Faces component, Faces JSP file.
- JavaServer Pages (JSP)
- A server-side scripting technology that enables Java code to be dynamically
embedded within Web pages (HTML files) and executed when the page is served,
in order to return dynamic content to a client. See also JSP
file, JSP page, JavaServer
Faces.
- Java Specification Request (JSR)
- A formally proposed specification for the Java platform.
- Java virtual machine (JVM)
- A software implementation of a processor that runs compiled Java code
(applets and applications).
- JAX
- See Java API for XML.
- JAX-RPC
- See Java API for XML-based RPC.
- JCA (J2C)
- See J2EE Connector architecture.
- JDBC
- See Java Database Connectivity.
- JDBC connection filter
- A control that limits the amount of data that is transferred during the
JDBC metadata load. The filter enhances performance.
- JDK
- See Java Development Kit.
See also Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition.
- JMS
- See Java Message Service.
- JNDI
- See Java Naming and Directory Interface.
- join
- An SQL relational operation that allows retrieval of data from two or
more tables based on matching column values.
- JRE
- See Java runtime environment.
- JSF
- See JavaServer Faces. See
also JavaServer Pages, Faces
component, Faces JSP file.
- JSF widget library
- A JavaServer Faces (JSF) and JavaScript-based widget library, included
in the product, that augments JSP and HTML pages with a rich set of input,
output and navigation components.
- JSP
- See JavaServer Pages. See
also JSP file, JSP
page, JavaServer Faces.
- JSP file
- A scripted HTML file that has a .jsp extension and allows for the inclusion
of dynamic content in Web pages. A JSP file can be directly requested as a
URL, called by a servlet, or called from within an HTML page. See also JavaServer Pages, JSP
page.
- JSP page
- A text-based document using fixed template data and JSP elements that
describes how to process a request to create a response. (Sun) See also JavaServer Pages, JSP
file.
- JSR
- See Java Specification Request.
- JUnit
- An open-source regression testing framework for unit-testing Java programs.
- JVM
- See Java virtual machine.
- keyboard shortcut
- A key or combination of keys that a user can press to perform an action
that is available from a menu.
- key class
- In EJB, a class that is used to create or find an entity bean. It represents
the identity of the entity bean, corresponding to the primary-key columns
of a row in a relational database.
- key field
- In EJB, a container-managed field in an entity bean that corresponds to
one of the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database. Each key
field is a member of the entity bean's key class.
- key file
- See also keystore file. See key ring.
- key locator
- A mechanism that retrieves the key for XML signing, XML digital signature
verification, XML encryption, and XML decryption.
- key ring
- In computer security, a file that contains public keys, private keys,
trusted roots, and certificates. See also keystore
file.
- keystore file
- A key ring that contains both public keys that are stored as signer certificates
and private keys that are stored in personal certificates.
- label
- An instance of a label type object, supplying a user-defined name for
a version. See also object.
- label type
- A type object that defines a version label for use within a versioned
object base (VOB).
- launch configuration
- A mechanism for defining and saving different workbench configurations
that can be launched separately. Configurable options include run and debug
settings.
- layout box
- In Page Designer, a control that allows Web designers to position text
and images within the page. Layout boxes can be stacked or aligned using a
grid.
- layout manager
- In programming graphical user interfaces, an object that controls the
size and position of Java components within a container. The Java platform
supplies several commonly used layout managers for AWT and Swing containers.
- LDAP
- See Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol.
- LDAP directory
- A type of repository that stores information on people, organizations,
and other resources and that is accessed using the LDAP protocol. The entries
in the repository are organized into a hierarchical structure, and in some
cases the hierarchical structure reflects the structure or geography of an
organization.
- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
- An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories that
support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements of
the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example, LDAP
can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources in an Internet
or intranet directory.
- link
- A line or arrow that connects activities in a process. A link passes information
between activities and determines the order in which they are executed.
- linkage options part
- In EGL, a build part that gives details on how a generated program calls
and is called by other programs. The part also gives details on how a generated
COBOL program accesses files on remote CICS regions. The information in this
part is used at generation time, test time, and run time.
- linkage properties file
- An EGL-generated or handwritten text file that can be used at J2EE run
time to give details on how an EGL-generated Java program or wrapper calls
other code.
- listener port
- An object that defines the association between a connection factory, a
destination, and a deployed message-driven bean. Listener ports simplify the
administration of the associations between these resources.
- Literal XML
- An encoding style for serializing data over SOAP protocol. Literal XML
is based on an XML schema instance.
- load
- To copy a version of an element to a snapshot view and keep track of the
checkins, updates, and other ClearCase operations that affect the element.
- load rule
- A statement in the config spec that specifies an element or subtree to
load into a snapshot view. Config specs can have more than one load rule.
- local
- Pertaining to a device, file, or system that is accessed directly from
a user's system, without the use of a communication line. See also remote.
- local history
- Copies of files that are saved in the workbench in order to compare the
current version with previous versions. Subject to configurable preferences,
the workbench updates the local history each time an editable file is saved.
- local home interface
- In EJB, an interface that specifies the methods used by local clients
for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean classes.
See also remote home interface.
- logging agent
- An agent that programmers can create in order to write data (for example
Java primitives, objects, or predefined logging structures) to one or more
output sources (for example text or XML), for an application under test.
- logic part
- An EGL declaration that defines a runtime sequence. The types of logic
parts are program, function, library, and page handler.
- log record
- An entry in a log view that consists of properties and their values. A
log record does not contain instances of other log records but has nested
levels of entries or children.
- loop
- A sequence of instructions performed repeatedly until an ending condition
is reached.
- main branch
- The starting branch of an element's version tree. The default name for
this branch is main.
- manifest
- A special file that can contain information about the files packaged in
a JAR file. (Sun)
- map
- In the EJB development environment, the specification of how an enterprise
bean's container-managed persistent fields correspond to columns in a relational
database table or other persistent storage.
- marker bar
- The gray border at the left of the editor area of the workbench, where
bookmarks and breakpoints are shown.
- master build descriptor
- In EGL, a build descriptor part whose options cannot be overridden.
- master replica
- In ClearCase MultiSite, the master replica of a ClearCase object is the
only replica at which the object can be modified or instances of the object
can be created.
- mastership
- In ClearCase MultiSite, the ability to modify an object or to create instances
of a type object.
- MDB
- See message-driven bean.
- meet-in-the-middle mapping
- An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables in which enterprise
beans and database schema are created simultaneously but independently.
- membership
- The state of being a portal user and a place member. Membership in the
portal is controlled by the administrator during the installation and set
up of portal servers. Membership in places is controlled by a place manager,
who determines the level of access for each place member: participant, place
designer, or place manager.
- memory leak
- The effect of a program that maintains references to objects that are
no longer required and therefore need to be reclaimed.
- message-driven bean (MDB)
- An enterprise bean that provides asynchronous message support and clearly
separates message and business processing.
- metadata
- Data that describes the characteristics of data; descriptive data.
- method
- In Java programming, a function that is defined in a class. (Sun)
- In object-oriented programming, an operation that an object can perform.
An object can have many methods.
- method permission
- A mapping between one or more security roles and one or more methods that
a member of a role can call.
- method statistics
- Information about a method that includes the package (and class) to which
the method belongs, the number of calls made to the method, the CPU time spent
in the method, and the cumulative time spent in that method.
- MIME
- See Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.
- model view controller (MVC)
- A software architecture that separates the components of the application:
the model represents the business logic or data; the view represents the user
interface; and the controller manages user input or, in some cases, the application
flow.
- module
- In J2EE programming, a software unit that consists of one or more components
of the same container type and one deployment descriptor of that type. Examples
include EJB, Web, and application client modules. (Sun)
- monitor
- In performance profiling, to collect data about an application from the
running agents that are associated with that application.
- Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
- An Internet standard that allows different forms of data including video,
audio, or binary data to be attached to e-mail without requiring translation
into ASCII text.
- multiversion file system (MVFS)
- A directory tree that, when activated (mounted as a file system of type
MVFS), implements a versioned object base (VOB). To standard operating system
commands, a VOB appears to contain a directory hierarchy; ClearCase commands
can also access the VOB's metadata. Also, MVFS file system refers to a file
system extension to the operating system, which provides access to VOB data.
The MVFS file system is not supported on all ClearCase platforms.
- MVC
- See model view controller.
- MVFS
- See multiversion file system.
- NAICS
- See North American Industry Classification
System.
- namespace
- Space reserved by a file system to contain the names of its objects.
- In XML and XQuery, a uniform resource identifier (URI) that provides a
unique name to associate with the element, attribute, and type definitions
in an XML schema or with the names of elements, attributes, types, functions,
and errors in XQuery expressions.
- naming service
- An implementation of the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) standard.
- navigation bar
- A set of links to other Web pages in a Web site. For example, navigation
bars are usually located across the top or down the side of a page and contain
direct links to the major sections within the Web site.
- nonce
- A unique cryptographic number that is embedded in a message to help detect
a replay attack.
- North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
- In Web services, an economic classification system based on groups of
goods and services that use similar or identical production processes.
- notation
- An XML construct that contains a note, a comment or an explanation about
information in an XML file. A notation can be used to associate a binary description
with an entity or attribute.
- object
- In object-oriented design or programming, a concrete realization (instance)
of a class that consists of data and the operations associated with that data.
An object contains the instance data that is defined by the class, but the
class owns the operations that are associated with the data.
- An item stored in a versioned object base (VOB). An object can be identified
by an object-selector string, which includes a prefix that indicates the kind
of object, the object's name, and a suffix that indicates the VOB in which
the object resides. Examples: lbtype:REL1@/vobs/vega on UNIX and lbtype:REL1@\vega
on Windows See also label.
- object-oriented programming
- A programming approach based on the concepts of data abstraction and inheritance.
Unlike procedural programming techniques, object-oriented programming concentrates
not on how something is accomplished but instead on what data objects comprise
the problem and how they are manipulated.
- object registry
- A networkwide database that records the storage locations of all versioned
object base (VOB) storage directories and all view storage directories. The
mktag, rmtag, mkview, rmview, mkvob, rmvob, register, and unregister commands
add, delete, or modify registry file entries.
- Object Request Broker (ORB)
- In object-oriented programming, software that serves as an intermediary
by transparently enabling objects to exchange requests and responses.
- open source
- Pertaining to software whose source code is publicly available for use
or modification. Open source software is usually developed as a public collaboration
and made freely available, although its use and redistribution might be subject
to licensing restrictions. Linux is a well known example of open source software.
- ORB
- See Object Request Broker.
- orphaned element
- An element that is no longer cataloged in any version of any directory.
Such elements are moved to the versioned object base (VOB)'s lost+found directory.
- package
- To assemble components into modules and modules into enterprise applications.
- In Java programming, a group of types. Packages are declared with the
package keyword. (Sun)
- An installable unit of a software product. Software product packages are
separately installable units that can operate independently from other packages
of that software product.
- package group
- A group of one or more packages that are designed to work together and
can be installed to one directory.
- package statistics
- Statistical details about a profiled application that are grouped by package.
See also instance statistics.
- packaging utility
- A utility that copies packages to a repository for posting.
- page
- A node in a portal that can contain content in addition to labels and
other pages. Pages can contain child nodes, column containers, row containers,
and portlets.
- page template
- In Page Designer, a page that is used as a starting point to define consistent
styles and layout for any new HTML or JavaServer Pages (JSP) page within a
Web site.
- palette
- A range of graphically displayed choices, such as colors or collections
of tools, that can be selected in an application.
- parameter (parm)
- A value or reference passed to a function, command, or program that serves
as input or controls actions. The value is supplied by a user or by another
program or process.
- parm
- See parameter.
- parse
- To break down a string of information, such as a command or file, into
its constituent parts.
- participant
- A member of a portal place who can visit and use the place. By default,
all portal users are participants in public places. Place participants cannot
edit place membership, layout, or bookmarks. See also place
designer, place manager.
- PCB
- See program communication block.
See also program specification block.
- PDA
- See personal digital assistant.
- people awareness
- The collaboration feature that provides access to people from various
contexts. People awareness lets you see references to people and contact people
by name through the Sametime online status indicator. Throughout the portal,
wherever you see the name of a person, you can view the person's online status,
send e-mail, initiate a chat, or share an application via an electronic meeting.
See also person link.
- persist
- To be maintained across session boundaries, usually in nonvolatile storage
such as a database system or a directory.
- persistence
- A characteristic of data that is maintained across session boundaries,
or of an object that continues to exist after the execution of the program
or process that created it, usually in nonvolatile storage such as a database
system.
- In J2EE, the protocol for transferring the state of an entity bean between
its instance variables and an underlying database. (Sun)
- person
- An individual authenticated by the portal and having a person record in
one or more corporate directories. Persons can be members of places, public
groups within the organization's corporate directory, or personal groups that
a user defines.
- personal digital assistant (PDA)
- A handheld device that is used for personal organization tasks (such as
calendaring, note-taking, and recording telephone and fax numbers), and networking
functions such as e-mail and synchronization.
- personalization
- The process of enabling information to be targeted to specific users based
on business rules and user profile information. See also customization.
- person link
- A reference to a person's name or a group name that appears with the Sametime
online status indicator. The reference lets you view the person's online status,
send an e-mail, start a chat, or share an application using an electronic
meeting, among other actions shown on the person link menu. See also people awareness.
- perspective
- A group of views that show various aspects of the resources in the workbench.
The workbench user can switch perspectives, depending on the task at hand,
and customize the layout of views and editors within the perspective.
- place designer
- A member of a place who can edit place layout and bookmarks. See also participant, place
manager.
- place manager
- A member of a place who can edit place membership, layout, and bookmarks.
See also participant, place
designer.
- place member
- A individual or group who has joined or been granted access to a place.
Place members have three levels of access to a place: manager, designer, and
participant.
- plug-in
- A software module that adds function to an existing program or application.
- pop-up menu
- A menu that appears as the result of some user action (usually clicking
the right mouse button) and that contains choices appropriate for the selected
object in its current context.
- port
- As defined in a WSDL document, a single endpoint defined as a combination
of a binding and a network address.
- portal
- A single, secure point of access to diverse information, applications,
and people that can be customized and personalized.
- Portal Administration
- The place where portal administrators set and maintain basic collaboration
permissions, place records, place membership records, and server settings
for companion products for advanced collaboration.
- portlet
- A reusable web module that runs on a portal server. Portlets have predefined
roles such as retrieving news headlines, searching a database, or displaying
a calendar.
- portlet API
- The set of interfaces and methods that are used by Java programs running
within the portal server environment to obtain services.
- portlet application
- A collection of related portlets that can share resources with one another.
- portlet framework
- The set of classes and interfaces that support Java programs running within
the portal server environment.
- portlet mode
- A form assumed by a portlet to provide a distinctive interface for users
to perform different tasks. Portlet modes can include view, edit, and help.
- port type
- An element in a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) document that
comprises a set of abstract operations, each of which refers to input and
output messages that are supported by the Web service.
- POST
- In HTTP, a parameter on the METHOD attribute of the FORM tag that specifies
that a browser will send form data to a server in an HTTP transaction separate
from that of the associated URL.
- primary key
- An object that uniquely identifies an entity bean within a home. (Sun)
- In a relational database, a key that uniquely identifies one row of a
database table. See also foreign key.
- primary part
- An EGL part whose name is the same as the source file in which the part
resides. The primary parts are data table, form group, library, page handler,
program, and UI record.
- primitive type
- In Java, a category of data type that describes a variable that contains
a single value of the appropriate size and format for its type: a number,
a character, or a Boolean value. Examples of primitive types include byte,
short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.
- probe
- A reusable set of Java code fragments and supporting attributes for collecting
detailed runtime information about objects, arguments, and exceptions. See
also Probekit.
- Probekit
- A scriptable framework for doing byte-code insertion to probe the workings
of a target program. See also probe.
- process object
- The logical representation of a Java process. A process object is identified
both by name and a process ID number (PID), and appears in the Monitors view
along with the associated agents whenever a Java process is launched or attached
to.
- profiling
- The process of analyzing the performance, resource utilization, or execution
of an application.
- profiling agent
- An agent that does a performance analysis of, and profiles an application.
- profiling filter
- A mechanism for specifying which information about an application will
be analyzed.
- program communication block (PCB)
- A control block that contains pointers to Information Management System
(IMS) databases. See also program specification
block.
- program specification block (PSB)
- In DL/I and IMS, a control block that identifies the destinations and
databases used by the application program. A PSB consists of one or more program
communication blocks (PCBs). See also program
communication block.
- program temporary fix (PTF)
- For System i, System p, and System z products, a fix that is tested by
IBM and is made available to all customers. See also fix
pack.
- project
- In Eclipse, a unit of organization used to group folders or packages.
Projects are used for building, version management, sharing, and organizing
resources.
- A ClearCase Unified Change Management (UCM) object that contains the configuration
information needed to manage a significant development effort, such as a product
release. A project includes one integration stream, which configures views
that select the latest versions of the project's shared elements, and typically
multiple development streams, which configure views that allow developers
to work in isolation from the rest of the project team.
- project VOB (PVOB)
- A versioned object base (VOB) that stores Unified Change Management (UCM)
objects, such as projects, streams, activities, and change sets. Every UCM
project must have a PVOB. Multiple projects can share the same PVOB.
- property broker
- A WebSphere Portal interface that negotiates the relationship between
cooperative source and target portlets and delivers data to the target in
the form of the corresponding portlet action. See also cooperative
portlets.
- proxy server
- A server that receives requests intended for another server and that acts
on the client's behalf (as the client's proxy) to obtain the requested service.
A proxy server is often used when the client and the server are incompatible
for direct connection. For example, the client is unable to meet the security
authentication requirements of the server but should be permitted some services.
- PSB
- See program specification block.
See also program communication block.
- PTF
- See program temporary fix.
See also fix pack.
- public
- In object-oriented programming, pertaining to a method or variable that
is accessible to all classes.
- public place
- A shared place that is open to all portal users. The person who creates
the place (and who automatically becomes the place manager) designates it
as a public place during place creation. Other users can become members of
the place by joining it; they can terminate their membership by canceling
their membership in the place. Compare with restricted place.
- publish
- To make a Web site public, for example by putting files in a path known
to the HTTP server.
- In UDDI, to advertise a Web service so that other businesses can find
it and bind with it. Service providers publish the availability of their services
through a registry.
- push button
- In a window or dialog box, a rectangular control that, when clicked, immediately
causes an action to be performed. Push buttons can be labeled with text, graphics,
or both. The most familiar push buttons are OK and Cancel.
- PVOB
- See project VOB.
- queue
- A WebSphere MQ object to which message queuing applications can put messages,
and from which they can get messages.
- radio button
- In graphical user interfaces, a control that comprises a circle with text
beside it, representing one of set of mutually exclusive choices. The circle
is partially filled when a choice is selected.
- rapid deployment tool
- One of a set of tools to rapidly develop and deploy J2EE artifacts on
the server and package the J2EE artifacts into the deployed EAR file.
- Rational Unified Process (RUP)
- A configurable software development process platform that is used to assign
and manage tasks and responsibilities within a development organization.
- RDB
- See relational database.
- realize
- In the Web diagram editor, to associate a node with an actual resource
by creating that resource or by editing the node's path so that it points
to an existing resource. See also unrealized.
- rebase
- A ClearCase operation that makes a development work area current with
the set of versions represented by a more recent baseline in another stream,
usually the project's integration stream or a feature-specific development
stream.
- recursion
- A programming technique in which a program or routine calls itself to
perform successive steps in an operation, with each step using the output
of the preceding step.
- refactor
- To transform a program, for example by renaming a package or method, while
preserving its behavior.
- referential integrity
- In Extensible Markup Language (XML) tools, the condition that exists when
all references to items in the XML schema editor or DTD editor are automatically
cleaned up when the schema is detected or renamed.
- The condition that exists when all intended references from data in one
column of a table to data in another column of the same or a different table
are valid.
- refresh pack
- A cumulative collection of fixes that contains new functions. See also fix pack, interim
fix.
- registered user
- A portal user who has a user ID and password for logging in to the portal.
Compare with anonymous user and authenticated user.
- relational database (RDB)
- A database that can be perceived as a set of tables and manipulated in
accordance with the relational model of data. Each database includes a set
of system catalog tables that describe the logical and physical structure
of the data, a configuration file containing the parameter values allocated
for the database, and a recovery log with ongoing transactions and archivable
transactions.
- relationship role
- In EJB, a traversal of the relationship between two entity beans in one
direction or the other. Each relationship that is coded in the deployment
descriptor defines two roles.
- release
- To send changed files from the workbench to the team server so that other
developers on the team can catch up (synchronize) with the updated version.
- remote
- Pertaining to a system, program, or device that is accessed through a
communication line.
- remote file transfer instance
- A file that contains information about the method used for remotely transferring
a file.
- remote home interface
- In enterprise beans, an interface that specifies the methods used by remote
clients for locating, creating, and removing instances of enterprise bean
classes. See also local home interface.
- remote interface
- In EJB, an interface that defines the business methods that can be called
by a client. See also home interface.
- remote method
- A business method in the remote interface that is callable by a client.
- Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
- A protocol that is used to communicate method invocations over a network.
Java Remote Method Invocation is a distributed object model in which the methods
of remote objects written in the Java programming language can be invoked
from other Java virtual machines, possibly on different hosts.
- Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
- A protocol that allows a program on a client computer to run a program
on a server.
- remove method
- In enterprise beans, a method defined in the home interface and invoked
by a client to destroy an enterprise bean.
- replica
- In ClearCase Multisite, an instance of a versioned object base (VOB),
located at a particular site. A replica consists of the VOB's database, along
with all of the VOB's data containers.
- repository
- A persistent storage area where packages are available for download.
- A persistent storage area for data and other application resources.
- resource
- The collective term for projects, folders, subfolders, and files that
can be manipulated in the Eclipse workbench.
- resource adapter
- A system-level software driver that is used by an EJB container or an
application client to connect to an enterprise information system (EIS). A
resource adapter plugs in to a container; the application components deployed
on the container then use the client API (exposed by adapter) or tool-generated,
high-level abstractions to access the underlying EIS. (Sun) See also container, enterprise
information system.
- resource property
- A property for a JDBC data source in a server configuration, for example
the server name, user ID, or password.
- result set
- The set of rows that a procedure returns.
- result tree
- The output document that is created when an XSL file is used to transform
an XML file.
- rich media
- In a Web page, content that is aural, visual, or interactive, such as
audio or video files.
- rich text
- A field that can contain objects, file attachments, or pictures as well
as text with formatting options such as italics or boldface.
- RMI
- See Remote Method Invocation.
- role
- A job function that identifies the tasks that a user can perform and the
resources to which a user has access. A user can be assigned one or more roles.
- root node
- In a graphical representation of data as a tree, a node that has no parents
but typically has children.
- RPC
- See Remote Procedure Call.
- run time
- The time period during which a computer program is running.
- RUP
- See Rational Unified Process.
- schema
- A collection of database objects such as tables, views, indexes, or triggers
that define a database. A database schema provides a logical classification
of database objects.
- SCM
- See software configuration management.
- scope
- In Web services, a property that identifies the lifetime of the object
serving the invocation request.
- scrapbook
- An editor that can be used to experiment and evaluate Java expressions.
Workbench users can run, inspect, and display snippets of code in the scrapbook.
- script
- A series of commands, combined in a file, that carry out a particular
function when the file is run. Scripts are interpreted as they are run.
- scriptlet
- A mechanism for adding scripting language fragments to a source file.
- scrubbing
- The removal of objects that are no longer used to free storage space.
ClearCase provides different utilities to discard data container files from
cleartext pools and derived object storage pools, event records and MultiSite
oplog entries from a VOB database, and derived object containers from the
view storage directory.
- SDK
- See software development kit.
- SDO
- See Service Data Objects.
- Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
- A security protocol that provides communication privacy. With SSL, client/server
applications can communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping,
tampering, and message forgery.
- security role
- In J2EE, an abstract logical grouping of users that is defined by the
application assembler. When an application is deployed, the roles are mapped
to security identities, such as principals or groups, in the operational environment.
(Sun)
- serializer
- A method for converting object data to another form such as binary or
XML. See also deserializer.
- server
- A definition that identifies where an application will be tested or published.
See also host.
- In a network, hardware or software that provides facilities to clients.
Examples of a server are a file server, a printer server, or a mail server.
See also host, client.
- server configuration
- A resource that contains information required to set up and deploy to
an application server.
- server project
- A project that contains information about test and deployment servers
and their configurations.
- server-side
- Pertaining to an application or component of an application that runs
on a server rather than on the client. JSP and servlets are two examples of
technologies that enable server-side programming.
- server-side include (SSI)
- A facility for including dynamic information in documents sent to clients,
such as current date, the last modification date of a file, and the size or
last modification of other files.
- Service Data Objects (SDO)
- An open standard for enabling applications to handle data from heterogeneous
data sources in a uniform way. SDO incorporates J2EE patterns but simplifies
the J2EE data programming model.
- service description
- The description of a Web service, which can be defined in any format such
as WSDL, UDDI, or HTML.
- servlet
- A Java program that runs on a Web server and extends the server's functionality
by generating dynamic content in response to Web client requests. Servlets
are commonly used to connect databases to the Web.
- servlet container
- A Web application server component that invokes the action servlet and
that interacts with the action servlet to process requests.
- session
- A logical or virtual connection between two stations, programs, or devices
on a network that allows the two elements to communicate and exchange data.
- In J2EE, an object used by a servlet to track a user's interaction with
a Web application across multiple HTTP requests.
- session bean
- An enterprise bean that is created by a client and that usually exists
only for the duration of a single client/server session. (Sun) See also entity bean.
- session facade
- A mechanism for separating the business and client tiers of an enterprise
application by abstracting the data and business methods so that clients are
not tightly coupled with the business logic and not responsible for data integrity.
Implemented as session enterprise beans, session facades also decouple lower-level
business components from one another.
- setter method
- A method whose purpose is to set the value of an instance or class variable.
This capability allows another object to set the value of one of its variables.
See also getter method.
- shared place
- A place created for a community of people with a common purpose. Shared
places can be public or restricted. The place creator (who automatically becomes
the place manager) specifies whether a place is public or restricted during
place creation.
- shared resource
- A software file or plug-in that is stored in a directory and can be shared
by packages. See also installation directory.
- shortcut bar
- In Eclipse, the vertical toolbar at the left side of the workbench window
that contains buttons for open perspectives and for fast views.
- shortcut key
- See keyboard shortcut.
- simple type
- In the XML, a type that cannot have element content and cannot carry attributes.
Elements that contain numbers (and strings, and dates, and so on) but do not
contain any sub-elements are said to have simple types. See also complex
type.
- singleton
- A class that can be instantiated only once. A singleton class cannot be
an interface.
- skeleton
- Scaffolding for an implementation class.
- skin
- An element of a graphical user interface that can be changed to alter
the appearance of the interface without affecting its functionality.
- snapshot view
- A view that contains copies of ClearCase elements and other file system
objects in a directory tree.
- snippet
- An excerpt of source code.
- SOAP
- A lightweight, XML-based protocol for exchanging information in a decentralized,
distributed environment. SOAP can be used to query and return information
and invoke services across the Internet.
- SOAP encoding
- Rules for serializing data over the SOAP protocol. SOAP encoding is based
on a simple type system that is a generalization of the common features found
in type systems in programming languages, databases, and semi-structured data.
- software configuration management (SCM)
- The tracking and control of software development. SCM systems typically
offer version control and team programming features.
- software development kit (SDK)
- A set of tools, APIs, and documentation to assist with the development
of software in a specific computer language or for a particular operating
environment.
- source code
- A computer program in a format that is readable by people. Source code
is converted into binary code that can be used by a computer.
- source tree
- The XML input document that is transformed by an XSL stylesheet.
- SQL
- See Structured Query Language.
- SQLJ
- See Structured Query Language for
Java.
- SQL query
- A component of certain SQL statements that specifies a result table.
- SSI
- See server-side include.
- SSL
- See Secure Sockets Layer.
- stack
- An area in memory that typically stores information such as temporary
register information, parameters, and return addresses of subroutines.
- stack frame
- A section of the stack that contains the local variables, arguments, and
register contents for an individual routine, as well as a pointer to the previous
stack frame.
- Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT)
- An Eclipse toolkit for Java developers that defines a common, portable,
user interface API that uses the native widgets of the underlying operating
system. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Swing Set.
- stateful session bean
- A session bean that acts on behalf of a single client and maintains client-specific
session information (called conversational state) across multiple method calls
and transactions. See also stateless
session bean.
- stateless session bean
- A session bean with no conversational state. All instances of a stateless
bean are identical. (Sun) See also stateful
session bean.
- static Web page
- A Web page that can be displayed without the additional client- or server-side
processing that would be required for JavaServer Pages, servlets, or scripts.
- static Web project
- A project that contains resources for a Web application with no dynamic
content such as servlets or JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, or Java code. A
static Web project can be deployed to a static HTTP server and does not require
additional application server support.
- stored procedure
- A block of procedural constructs and embedded SQL statements that is stored
in a database and that can be called by name. Stored procedures allow an application
program to be run in two parts, one on the client and the other on the server,
so that one call can produce several accesses to the database.
- stream
- A ClearCase UCM object that determines which versions of elements appear
in any view configured by that stream. Streams maintain a list of baselines
and activities. A project contains one integration stream and typically multiple
development streams.
- In the CVS team programming environment, a shared copy of application
resources that is updated by development team members as they make changes.
The stream represents the current state of the project.
- string
- In programming languages, the form of data used for storing and manipulating
text.
- Structured Query Language (SQL)
- A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational
database.
- Structured Query Language for Java (SQLJ)
- A standard for embedding SQL in Java programs, defining and calling Java
procedures and user-defined functions, and using database structured types
in Java.
- structured viewing
- The tabular aspect of the Design view of the XML editor that separates
the structural constituents of an XML document, such as elements and attribute
types, from values, such as attribute values and textual content.
- structure item
- In EGL, a field in a structure or record. Each structure item is substructured
(as a word is substructured into letters) or is not divisible (as a letter
is not divisible).
- Struts
- An open source framework for building Java Web applications.
- Struts action
- A class that implements a portion of a Web application and returns a forward.
The superclass for a Struts action is called the Action class.
- Struts module
- A Struts configuration file and a set of corresponding actions, form beans,
and Web pages. A Struts application comprises at least one Struts module.
- Struts project
- A dynamic Web project with Struts support added.
- stub
- A small program routine that substitutes for a longer, possibly remote,
program. For example, a stub might be a program module that transfers procedure
calls (RPCs) and responses between a client and a server. In Web services,
a stub is an implementation of a Java interface generated from a Web Services
Definition Language (WSDL) document.
- style sheet
- A specification of formatting instructions that, when applied to structured
information, provides a particular rendering of that information (for example,
online or printed). Different style sheets can be applied to the same piece
of structured information to produce different presentations of the information.
- subclass
- In Java, a class that is derived from a particular class, either directly
or indirectly.
- subquery
- In SQL, a subselect used within a predicate. For example, a select-statement
within the WHERE or HAVING clause of another SQL statement.
- superclass
- In Java, a class from which a particular class is derived, perhaps with
one or more classes in between.
- supertype
- In a type hierarchy, a type that subtypes inherit attributes from.
- Swing Set
- A collection of GUI components that runs consistently on any operating
system that supports the Java virtual machine (JVM). Because they are written
entirely in the Java programming language, these components provide functionality
above and beyond that provided by native-platform equivalents. See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Standard
Widget Toolkit.
- SWT
- See Standard Widget Toolkit.
See also Abstract Window Toolkit, Swing Set.
- symptom
- In the logging tools, an error message. A symptom can have a solution
associated with it in the symptom database.
- symptom database
- An XML file of symptoms including one or more string match patterns with
one or more associated solutions that is used in the analysis of event and
error messages that occur in an activity log.
- syntax diagram
- A diagram for a command that displays how to enter the command on the
command line.
- syntax highlighting
- In source editors, the ability to differentiate text and structural elements,
such as tags, attributes, and attribute values, using text highlighting differences,
such as font face, emphasis, and color.
- system menu
- A drop-down menu that is activated by clicking the icon at the left of
a window's title bar and that allows users to restore, move, size, minimize,
or maximize the window.
- table
- In a relational database, a database object that consists of a specific
number of columns and is used to store an unordered set of rows. See also view.
- taglib directive
- In a JSP page, a declaration stating that the page uses custom tags, defines
the tag library, and specifies its tag prefixes. (Sun)
- tag library
- In JSP technology, a collection of tags identifying custom actions described
using a taglib descriptor and Java classes. A JSP tag library can be imported
into any JSP file and used with various scripting languages. (Sun)
- target
- The destination for an action or operation.
- TCP
- See Transmission Control Protocol.
See also Internet Protocol.
- TCP/IP
- See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol.
- TCP/IP monitoring server
- A runtime environment that monitors all requests and responses between
a Web browser and an application server, as well as TCP/IP activity.
- test case
- A set of tasks, scripts, or routines that automate the task of testing
software.
- test environment
- A specific instance of a configuration of hardware and software established
for the purpose of conducting tests under known and controlled conditions.
- test harness
- A series of script files used to enable a DB2 database for use by the
DB2 XML Extender. A test harness is optionally created when a DAD file is
generated from a relational database to XML mapping. Once enabled, it tests
composing XML from data as well as decomposing XML files into relational data.
- test pattern
- A template used for the automatic generation of component tests. There
are several test patterns available for testing both Java and EJB components.
See also component test.
- test suite
- A collection of test cases that define test behavior and control test
execution and deployment.
- textUI program
- A type of EGL program part that interacts with the user by way of a character-based
display. The display appears in a 3270 screen or a command window, not in
a Web browser.
- theme
- The style element that gives a place a particular look. The portal provides
several themes, similar to virtual wallpaper, from which you can choose when
creating a place.
- thread
- A stream of computer instructions that is in control of a process. In
some operating systems, a thread is the smallest unit of operation in a process.
Several threads can run concurrently, performing different jobs.
- thread contention
- A condition in which a thread is waiting for a lock or object that another
thread holds.
- thumbnail
- An icon-sized rendering of a larger graphic image that permits a user
to preview the image without opening a viewer or graphical editor.
- timeout
- A time interval that is allotted for an event to occur or complete before
operation is interrupted.
- timing constraint
- A specialized validation action used to measure the duration of a method
call or a sequence of method calls. See also validation
action.
- tooltip
- See hover help.
- top-down development
- In Web services, the process of developing a service from a Web Services
Definition Language (WSDL) file. See also bottom-up
development.
- top-down mapping
- An approach for mapping enterprise beans to database tables, in which
existing enterprise beans and their design determines the database design.
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- A communication protocol used in the Internet and in any network that
follows the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards for internetwork
protocol. TCP provides a reliable host-to-host protocol in packet-switched
communication networks and in interconnected systems of such networks. See
also Internet Protocol.
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- An industry-standard, nonproprietary set of communication protocols that
provides reliable end-to-end connections between applications over interconnected
networks of different types.
- transport
- The request queue between a WebSphere Application Server plug-in for Web
servers and a Web container in which the Web modules of an application reside.
When a user at a Web browser requests an application, the request is passed
to the Web server, then along the transport to the Web container.
- trigger
- In database technology, a program that is automatically called whenever
a specified action is performed on a specific table or view.
- A monitor that specifies one or more standard programs or built-in actions
to be executed whenever a certain ClearCase operation is performed.
- trunk
- In the CVS team development environment, the main stream of development,
also referred to as the HEAD stream.
- type
- In a WSDL document, an element that contains data type definitions using
some type system (such as XSD).
- An object that defines a ClearCase data structure. Users can create instances
of these structures: metadata annotations are placed on objects by creating
instances of label types, attribute types, and hyperlink types. Each file
and directory is an instance of an element type; each branch is an instance
of a branch type.
- In Java programming, a class or interface.
- typedef
- In EGL, a part definition that can be used as a model of format.
- type hierarchy
- The complete context for a Java class or interface including its superclasses
and subclasses.
- UCM
- See Unified Change Management.
- UDDI
- See Universal Description, Discovery,
and Integration.
- UDDI Business Registry
- A collection of peer directories that contain information about businesses
and services.
- UDDI registry
- A distributed registry of businesses and their service descriptions that
adheres to the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) standard
for managing the discovery of Web services. UDDI registries come in two forms,
public and private, both of which are implemented in a common XML format.
- UDF
- See user-defined function.
- uid (user ID)
- See user identifier.
- UI part
- An EGL declaration that is used for data presentation. The types of UI
parts are forms, form groups, and UI records.
- UI record
- In EGL, a data structure that makes communication possible between an
action program and a specific Web page. This type of record is used to migrate
VisualAge Generator Web transactions.
- Unified Change Management (UCM)
- A process, layered on base ClearCase and ClearQuest functionality, for
organizing software development teams and their work products. Members of
a project team use activities and components to organize their work.
- Unified Modeling Language
- A standard notation for the modeling of real-world objects as a first
step in developing an object-oriented design methodology.
- Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
- A unique address that is used to identify content on the Web, such as
a page of text, a video or sound clip, a still or animated image, or a program.
The most common form of URI is the Web page address, which is a particular
form or subset of URI called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A URI typically
describes how to access the resource, the computer that contains the resource,
and the name of the resource (a file name) on the computer. See also Uniform Resource Name.
- Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- The unique address of an information resource that is accessible in a
network such as the Internet. The URL includes the abbreviated name of the
protocol used to access the information resource and the information used
by the protocol to locate the information resource.
- Uniform Resource Name (URN)
- A name that uniquely identifies a Web service to a client. See also Uniform Resource Identifier.
- United Nations Standard Products and Services Classification
(UNSPSC)
- An open global standard for classifying products and services based on
common function, purpose, and task.
- Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)
- A set of standards-based specifications that enables companies and applications
to quickly and easily find and use Web services over the Internet.
- unrealized
- Pertains to a Web diagram node that is not yet associated with an actual
resource. See also realize.
- UNSPSC
- See United Nations Standard Products
and Services Classification.
- URI
- See Uniform Resource Identifier.
See also Uniform Resource Name.
- URL
- See Uniform Resource Locator.
- URN
- See Uniform Resource Name.
See also Uniform Resource Identifier.
- user-defined function (UDF)
- A function that is defined to the DB2 database system by using the CREATE
FUNCTION statement and that can be referenced thereafter in SQL statements.
A user-defined function can be an external function or an SQL function.
- user ID (uid)
- See user identifier.
- user identifier (uid, user ID)
- A string of characters that uniquely identifies a user to a system.
- validation
- The checking of data or code for correctness or for compliance with applicable
standards, rules, and conventions.
- validation action
- A mechanism for verifying whether the actual value of a variable at run
time corresponds to the expected value of that variable. See also timing
constraint.
- validator
- A program that checks data or code for correctness or for compliance with
applicable standards, rules, and conventions.
- version
- An object that implements a particular revision of an element. The versions
of an element are organized into a version tree structure. See also checked-out version.
- version control
- The coordination and integration of the history of work submitted by a
team.
- versioned object base (VOB)
- A repository that stores versions of file elements, directory elements,
derived objects, and metadata associated with these objects.
- version tree
- The hierarchical structure in which all the versions of an element are
(logically) organized. The version tree display also shows merge operations.
- view
- A ClearCase object that provides a work area for one or more users. For
each element in a VOB, a view's configuration specification selects one version
from the element's version tree. Each view can also store view-private files
and view-private directories, which do not appear in other views. There are
two kinds of views: snapshot views and dynamic views.
- In Eclipse-based user interfaces, any pane in the workbench that is outside
the editor area and can be stacked (dragged and dropped) on top of other views.
Views provide different ways to look at or work with the resources in the
workbench.
- view-private object
- A file or directory that exists only in a particular view. View-private
objects are not version controlled.
- VOB
- See versioned object base.
- VOB database
- The part of a versioned object base (VOB) storage directory in which ClearCase
metadata and VOB objects are stored. This area is managed by the database
management software embedded in ClearCase. The actual file system data is
stored in the VOB's storage pools.
- VOB family
- In ClearCase Multisite, the set of all replicas of a particular versioned
object base (VOB). All the replicas share the same VOB family UUID; each replica
has its own VOB replica UUID.
- WAP
- See Wireless Application Protocol.
- WAR
- See Web archive. See also enterprise archive, Java
archive.
- WAR file
- See also enterprise archive, Java archive. See Web
archive.
- watchpoint
- A breakpoint that suspends execution when a specified field or expression
is modified.
- Web application
- An application that is accessible by a Web browser and that provides some
function beyond static display of information, for instance by allowing the
user to query a database. Common components of a Web application include HTML
pages, JSP pages, and servlets.
- Web archive (WAR)
- A compressed file format, defined by the J2EE standard, for storing all
the resources required to install and run a Web application in a single file.
See also enterprise archive, Java archive.
- Web browser
- A client program that initiates requests to a Web server and displays
the information that the server returns.
- Web container
- A container that implements the Web component contract of the J2EE architecture.
(Sun)
- Web diagram
- A Struts file that uses icons and other images on a free-form surface
to help application developers visualize the flow structure of a Struts-based
Web application.
- Web module
- A unit that consists of one or more Web components and a Web deployment
descriptor. (Sun)
- Web project
- A container for other resources such as source files and metadata that
corresponds to the J2EE-defined container structure and hierarchy of files
necessary for Web applications to be deployed.
- Web resource
- Any one of the resources that are created during the development of a
Web application for example Web projects, HTML pages, JavaServer Pages (JSP)
files, servlets, custom tag libraries, and archive files.
- Web server
- A software program that is capable of servicing Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) requests.
- Web service
- A self-contained, self-describing modular application that can be published,
discovered, and invoked over a network using standard network protocols. Typically,
XML is used to tag the data, SOAP is used to transfer the data, WSDL is used
for describing the services available, and UDDI is used for listing what services
are available.
- Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
- An XML-based specification for describing networked services as a set
of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or
procedure-oriented information.
- Web Services Interoperability Organization (WSI)
- An open industry organization that promotes Web services interoperability
across platforms, operating systems, and programming languages.
- Web Services Invocation Language (WSIL)
- An XML document format that facilitates the discovery of existing Web
services and provides a set of rules for how inspection-related information
should be made available for consumption.
- Web site
- A related collection of files available on the Web that is managed by
a single entity (an organization or an individual) and contains information
in hypertext for its users. A Web site often includes hypertext links to other
Web sites.
- WebSphere
- An IBM brand name that encompasses tools for developing e-business applications
and middleware for running Web applications.
- WebSphere Application Server
- Web application server software that runs on a Web server and that can
be used to deploy, integrate, execute, and manage e-business applications.
- WebSphere test environment
- A runtime environment that is integrated into the Rational development
workbench for testing applications that are targeted for WebSphere Application
Server.
- what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG)
- A capability of an editor to continually display pages exactly as they
will be printed or otherwise rendered.
- widget
- A reusable user interface component such as a button, scrollbar, control
area, or text edit area, that can receive input from the keyboard or mouse
and can communicate with an application or with another widget.
- wink in
- To convert a nonshareable derived object to a shared derived object.
- To cause a shareable derived object to appear in a view, even though its
file system data is actually located in a VOB's derived object storage pool.
- wire
- A technique for connecting two or more cooperative portlets so that changes
in the source portlet automatically update the target portlets without any
user interaction. See also Click-to-Action, cooperative portlets.
- Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
- An open industry standard for mobile Internet access that allows mobile
users with wireless devices to easily and instantly access and interact with
information and services.
- Wireless Markup Language (WML)
- A markup language based on XML that is used to present content and user
interfaces for wireless devices such as cellular phones, pagers, and personal
digital assistants.
- wizard
- An active form of help that guides users through each step of a particular
task.
- WML
- See Wireless Markup Language.
- workbench
- The user interface and integrated development environment (IDE) in Eclipse
and Eclipse-based tools such as IBM Rational Application Developer.
- working set
- The parts of a program's executable code, data areas, or both that are
being used intensively and are therefore important to keep in the fastest
possible type of storage. Thus a program's instruction cache working set is
the set of program cache lines that need to be kept in the instruction cache
if the program is to run at maximum speed.
- workspace
- In Eclipse, the collection of projects and other resources that the user
is currently developing in the workbench. Metadata about these resources resides
in a directory on the file system; the resources might reside in the same
directory.
- wrapper
- An object that encapsulates and delegates to another object to alter its
interface or behavior in some way. (Sun)
- WSDL
- See Web Services Description Language.
- WSDL document
- A file that provides a set of definitions that describe a Web service
in Web Services Description Language (WSDL) format.
- WSDL file
- See WSDL document.
- WSI
- See Web Services Interoperability
Organization.
- WSIL
- See Web Services Invocation Language.
- WYSIWYG
- See what you see is what you get.
- Xalan processor
- An XSLT processor that is part of the Apache project. See also XSL
Transformation.
- XDoclet
- An open, source code generation engine that uses special JavaDoc tags
to parse Java source files and generate output such as XML descriptors or
source code, based on templates.
- XHTML
- See Extensible Hypertext Markup Language.
- XML
- See Extensible Markup Language.
- XML catalog
- A catalog that contains rules specifying how an XML processor should resolve
references to entities. Use of a catalog eliminates the need to change URIs
within XML documents as resources are moved during development.
- XML parser
- A program that reads XML documents and provides an application with access
to their content and structure.
- XML Path Language (XPath)
- A language that is designed to uniquely identify or address parts of source
XML data, for use with XML-related technologies, such as XSLT, XQuery, and
XML parsers. XPath is a World Wide Web Consortium standard.
- XML schema
- A mechanism for describing and constraining the content of XML files by
indicating which elements are allowed and in which combinations. XML schemas
are an alternative to document type definitions (DTDs) and can be used to
extend functionality in the areas of data typing, inheritance, and presentation.
- XML Schema Definition Language (XSD, XSDL)
- A language for describing XML files that contain XML schema.
- XPath
- See XML Path Language.
- XPath expression
- An expression that searches through an XML document and extracts information
from the nodes (any part of the document, such as an element or attribute)
in that document.
- XSD
- See XML Schema Definition Language.
A language for describing XML files that contain XML schema.
- XSDL
- See XML Schema Definition Language.
A language for describing XML files that contain XML schema.
- XSL
- See Extensible Stylesheet Language.
- XSL style sheet
- Code that describes how an XML document should be rendered (displayed
or printed).
- XSLT
- See XSL Transformation. See
also Xalan processor.
- XSLT function
- Function that is defined by the XSL Transform (XSLT) specification for
the manipulation of numbers, strings, Boolean values, and node-sets.
- XSL Transformation (XSLT)
- A standard that uses XSL style sheets to transform XML documents into
other XML documents, fragments, or HTML documents. See also Xalan
processor.