R

RA
See repeat-to-address (RA).
RACE
See receive-any control element (RACE).
RACF
See Resource Access Control Facility (RACF).
RACF database
A collection of interrelated or independent data items stored together without redundancy, to serve the Resource Access Control Facility (RACF).
RACF-protected
Pertaining to a resource that has either a discrete profile or an applicable generic profile. A data set that is RACF-protected by a disrete profile must also be RACF-indicated.
RACF report writer
A RACF function that produces reports on system use and resource use from information found in the RACF SMF records.
RACF segment
The portion of a RACF profile that contains basic information needed to define a user, group, or resource to RACF. Also called base segment.
RACHECK request
In RACF, the issuing of the RACHECK macro or the RACROUTE macro with REQUEST=AUTH specified. The primary function of a RACHECK request is to check a user's authorization to a RACF-protected resource or function. See FRACHECK request, authorization checking.
RACINIT request
In RACF, the issuing of the RACINIT macro or the RACROUTE macro with REQUEST=VERIFY or REQUEST=VERIFYX specified. A RACINIT request is used to verify the authority of a user to enter work into the system.
RACROUTE
In RACF, a macro that provides a means of calling RACF to provide security functions. See also FRACHECK request, RACHECK request, and RACINIT request.
RAIA
See receive-any input area (RAIA).
RBA
See relative byte address (RBA).
RCT
See resource control table (RCT).
RDM
See resource definition macro (RDM).
RDO
See resource definition online (RDO).
RDSA
See read-only dynamic storage area (RDSA)
read integrity
An attribute of a read request, which ensures the integrity of the data passed to a program that issues a read-only request. CICS recognizes two forms of read integrity: consistent and repeatable. See also dirty read, repeatable, consistent.
read intent
The type of access intent that subsystems use to read data from a database.
read-only dynamic storage area (RDSA)
The key-0 storage area for all reentrant programs and tables below the 16MB boundary.
real storage
The main storage in a virtual storage system. Physically, real storage and main storage are identical. Conceptually, however, real storage represents only part of the range of addresses available to the user of a virtual storage system.
real-time analysis (RTA)
In CICSPlex SM, a function that provides the automatic notification of requested error conditions and all aspects of a resource's status. The notifications appear in console messages, or generic NetView for OS/390 alerts, or both.
reattachment event
An event whose firing has caused an activity to be activated.
reattachment queue
A list of the reattachment events that have caused a particular activity to be activated. Each activity has a reattachment queue associated with it. The queue may be empty. Events remain on the reattachment queue until they are retrieved by the activity, or until a syncpoint occurs.
receive-any control element (RACE)
Type of control field held in the CICS receive-any pool set aside for VTAM receive-any operations. The number of RACEs maintained depends on the RAPOOL and MXT system initialization parameters and on the number of active tasks. See Setting the size of the receive-any pool and Setting the maximum task specification (MXT) for more information.
receive-any input area (RAIA)
Type of input area held in the CICS receive-any pool set aside for VTAM receive-any operations. The number of RACEs maintained depends on the RAPOOL and MXT system initialization parameters and on the number of active tasks. See the CICS Transaction Server System Definition Guide for more information.
RECON data sets
See recovery control data sets (RECON).
recoverability
The ability of a system to continue processing without loss of data when an unplanned interruption occurs.
recoverable in-doubt structure (RIS)
In DBCTL, an area constructed for each unit of recovery when a failure occurs. Each RIS is written to the IMS log. RIS contents include the recovery token, the changed data records, and the identity of the data block that cannot be accessed because of unresolved in-doubts.
recoverable resource
A resource that can be modified only in accordance with sync point protocols
recoverable service element (RSE)
A set of DBCTL subsystem identifiers of equivalent DBCTL subsystems, their associated job names, and the specific APPLIDs of the CICS systems that will use them. RSEs are defined by CICS resource definition macros and are held in the recoverable service table (RST). See also equivalent, recoverable service table (RST).
recoverable service table (RST)
CICS control table used for IMS/ESA DBCTL support. The RST consists of recoverable service elements (RSEs), which define the DBCTL subsystems to which each CICS system can connect. See also equivalent, end-of-file label.
recovery
(1) The process of returning the system to a state from which operation can be resumed.
(2) The restoration of resources following an error.
recovery control data sets (RECON data sets)
Dual recovery control data sets in which Data Base Recovery Control automatically records information about logging activity and events that might affect the recovery of databases. Both data sets contain identical information, and so are usually referred to as one - the RECON. DBRC selects the correct data sets to be used by a recovery utility.
recovery log data set (RLDS)
A log data set that contains only the log records that are required for database recovery.
recovery manager
CICS resource recovery mechanism that provides a CICS resource manager, for example file control, with more flexibility than the DWE two-phase commit support for syncpoint and backout processing.
recovery point
In the CICS backup-while-open facility, the latest point, on the CICS forward recovery log series for this data set, from which forward recovery can start and restore any image copy taken at that point to a consistent state. The recovery point is held as a time that can be converted to a position on the forward recovery log.
recovery routine
A routine that is entered when an error occurs during the performance of an associated operation. It isolates the error, assesses the extent of the error, and attempts to correct the error and resume operation.
recovery token
A 16-byte unique identifier that is created by CICS (and passed to DBCTL) for each LUW. Its lifetime is the same as the LUW. The first 8 bytes are the CICS APPLID (in an XRF environment, this is the generic APPLID) and the second 8 bytes are a unit of recovery ID. (CICS creates a unit of recovery ID for every LUW.) DBCTL validates the recovery token to protect against duplication of units of recovery. The DBCTL operator can display the recovery token and it is also displayed in a number of CICS and IMS messages. See also pseudorecovery token.
REDO
The DEDB process in the second phase of a two-phase commit process if the chosen action is COMMIT. For DEDBs, if phase two action is COMMIT, the changes are written to the database using REDO, because the DEDB changes have only been made in main storage. If the action is BACKOUT, no changes are required to the database because the updates are still in main storage. The process applied is called UNDO. REDO is also used to refer to the action required for committed DEDBs during emergency restart of IMS, DL/I, or SQL/DS.
reentrable
Pertaining to a module that is designed for concurrent execution by multiple tasks. If a reenterable module modifies its own data areas or other shared resources in any way, it must use appropriate serialization methods to prevent interference between using tasks. See also quasi-reentrant.
reentrant
The attribute that describes a load module, of which only one copy is loaded into virtual storage to satisfy the requirements of any number of tasks. A single copy of a reentrant load module can be executed concurrently by any number of tasks. A reentrant load module is also one that does not modify itself, and must be link-edited with the RENT attribute. See also quasi-reentrant.
reference modification
In the COBOL licensed program, a method of establishing and referring to a data item by specifying a leftmost character position and length within a character string.
reference set
The amount of real storage required so that minimal (almost zero) virtual paging occurs. It is the total amount of real storage required to process the most frequently used sequence of instructions and data for a given set of transactions performing defined tasks, without causing any virtual storage paging operations.
region
In MVS, a variable-size subdivision of virtual storage that is allocated to a job step or system task. CICS Transaction Server runs in an MVS/ESA region, usually referred to as the CICS region.
region-remote
A term used in early releases of CICS to refer to a CICS system in another region of the same processor. It can be taken to refer to a system that is accessed through an IRC (MRO) link, rather than through an SNA LU6.1 or LU6.2 link.
relational database
A database that can be perceived as a set of tables and manipulated in accordance with the relational model of data. See also hierarchic database.
relative byte address (RBA)
The displacement in bytes of a stored record or control interval from the beginning of the storage space allocated to the VSAM data set to which it belongs.
relative record data set (RRDS)
A VSAM data set organization, in which records are of fixed length and are accessed by their relative record numbers. The relative record number (RRN) of a record is its displacement (in records) from the beginning of the data set.
relative record number (RRN)
In a relative record data set (RRDS), the number of the "slot" used to hold a record, that is its displacement (in records) from the beginning of the data set.
relay program
In transaction routing, a CICS program that provides the communication mechanism between a locally-connected terminal and a transaction in a remote system. The relay program is invoked by the relay transaction.
relay transaction
In transaction routing, a CICS transaction that handles communication between a locally-connected terminal and a transaction in a remote system. The relay transaction invokes the relay program.
reliability
A measurement of the ability of a system to continue processing without failure. Shutting down an on-line system to process batch updates to the database reduces its availability to end users but has no bearing on the reliability of components required to deliver the online service.
remote
Pertaining to a system, program, or device that is accessed through a communications line.
remote DL/I
A special case of function shipping, in which CICS sends a DL/I request to another CICS system. See also function shipping.
remote MAS
A managed application system (MAS) that uses MRO or LU 6.2 to communicate with the CICSPlex SM address space (CMAS) that controls it. A remote MAS may or may not reside in the same MVS image as the CMAS that controls it.
Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
A protocol that is used to communicate method invocations over a network. Java Remote Method Invocation is a distributed object model in which the methods of remote objects written in the Java programming language can be involved from other Java virtual machines, possibly on different hosts.
remote resource
In CICS intercommunication, a resource that is owned by a remote system. See also local resource.
remote spooling communications subsystem (RSCS)
An IBM licensed program that transfers spool files, commands, and messages between VM users.
remote system
Any other system in the network with which your system can communicate. See also local system.
repeatable
A type of read integrity in which a program is permitted to issue multiple read-only requests, with repeatable read integrity, and be assured that none of the records passed can subsequently be changed until the end of the sequence of repeatable read requests. The sequence of repeatable read requests ends either when the transaction terminates, or when it takes a syncpoint, whichever is the earlier. See also read integrity, consistent.
repeat-to-address (RA)
An order to position data in the buffer of a 3270 terminal, thereby controlling the position of the data on the screen. An RA order is followed by a 2-byte buffer address, and a one-byte character to be repeated. The order copies the one-byte character repeatedly into the buffer until the 2-byte address is reached.
repository
A VSAM data set on which the states of BTS processes are stored. When a process is not executing under the control of BTS, its state (and the states of its constituent activities) are preserved by being written to a repository data set. The states of all processes of a particular process-type (and of their activity instances) are stored on the same repository data set. Records for multiple process-types can be written to the same repository.
repository utility
A CICS-supplied utility program, DFHBARUP, that enables you to print selected records from a specified BTS repository data set.
requested reset statistics
Requested reset statistics differ from requested statistics in that the statistics counters are reset to zero. In CICS Transaction Server, CICS statistics that the user has asked for by using the appropriate EXEC CICS or CEMT commands, which cause the statistics to be written to the SMF data set immediately.
requested statistics
In CICS Transaction Server, CICS statistics that the user has asked for by using the appropriate EXEC CICS or CEMT commands, which cause the statistics to be written to the SMF data set immediately, instead of waiting for the current interval to expire. See also requested reset statistics.
request header (RH)
In SNA, control information preceding a request unit.
requesting region
The region in which a dynamic routing request originates. For dynamic transaction routing and inbound client dynamic program link requests, this is typically a TOR; for dynamic START requests and peer-to-peer dynamic program link requests, this is typically an AOR. To be eligible for dynamic routing, the process or activity must be started by an EXEC CICS RUN ASYNCHRONOUS command. Compare with routing region and target region.
request parameter list (RPL)
In VTAM, a control block that contains the parameters necessary for processing a request for data transfer, for connecting or disconnecting a terminal, or for some other operation.
request unit (RU)
In SNA, a message unit that contains control information such as a request code, or function management headers (FMHs), end-user data, or both.
resettable JVM
A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is initialized once, reused many times, and can be reset to a known state after each Java program has completed. A resettable JVM has the option REUSE=RESET specified in its JVM profile.
residence mode
Attribute of a program indicating where it can reside, that is, either above or below the 16MB line.
resource
Any facility of a computing system or operating system required by a job, task, or executing program. Resources include main storage, input/output devices, the processing unit, data sets, files, libraries, folders, and control or processing programs., In NIM, a resource is any file, directory, file system, or device that is required to perform a NIM operation., In WebSphere MQ for z/OS, examples of resources are buffer pools, page sets, log data sets, queues, and messages.
Resource Access Control Facility (RACF)
An IBM licensed program that provides access control by identifying users to the system; verifying users of the system; authorizing access to protected resources; logging detected, unauthorized attempts to enter the system; and logging detected accesses to protected resources. RACF is included in OS/390 Security Server and is also available as a separate program for the MVS and VM environments.
resource control table (RCT)
A DB2 control table that defines the relationship between CICS transactions and DB2 resources.
resource definition macro (RDM)
A method of defining resources to CICS by using assembler macros. You code and assemble special CICS macros and present the assembler output to CICS at system initialization. See also resource definition online (RDO).
resource definition online (RDO)
The method of defining most resources to CICS. Resource definitions are created interactively with the CEDA transaction, or by using the utility DFHCSDUP. Both methods store definition in the CICS system definition data set (CSD). At CICS initialization, CSD definitions are selectively installed as CICS system tables, controlled by a user-supplied list of definitions. CEDA-defined resource definitions can be installed while CICS is active and used immediately. See also resource definition macro (RDM).
resource group class
A RACF class in which resource group profiles can be defined. A resource group class is related to another class, sometimes called a member class. For example, resource group class GTERMINL is related to class TERMINAL. See also resource group profile.
resource group profile
A general resource profile in a resource group class. A resource group profile can provide RACF protection for one or more resources with unlike names. See also resource group class.
resource manager interface (RMI)
A program or a group of programs that you write to enable you to structure calls from your CICS system in such a way that they can access non-CICS resources, such as databases, that you would not normally be able to access. An RMI is written using the CICS task-related user exit interface. DBCTL, for example, is accessed by means of an RMI. See also task-related user exit (TRUE).
resource measurement facility (RMF)
An IBM licensed program that collects system-wide data describing the processor activity (WAIT time), I/O activity (channel and device utilization), main storage activity (demand and swap paging statistics), and system resources manager (SRM) activity (workload). RMF produces two types of report, system-wide reports and address-space reports.
resource member class
A class to which a resource group class is related. See also resource group class.
Resource Object Data Manager (RODM)
In Tivoli NetView for z/OS, a component that provides an in-memory cache for maintaining real-time data in an address space that is accessible by multiple applications.
resource profile
A profile that provides RACF protection for one or more resources. User, group, and connect profiles are not resource profiles. The information in a resource profile can include the data set profile name, profile owner, universal access authority, access list, and other data. Resource profiles can be discrete profiles or generic profiles. See discrete profile and generic profile.
resource protection
The system function of enqueueing on a resource to provide exclusive control of that resource to a transaction until the end of a logical unit of work.
resource region
In CICS distributed program link, a CICS region to which an application region ships a LINK PROGRAM request.
resource security
In CICS/VSE, the facility provided by CICS for the control of access to resources protected by RSL security. The resources that can be protected include transactions, data sets, and transient data destinations. In CICS Transaction Server, the facility provided by CICS and RACF for the control of access to resources protected by RACF security classes. The resources that can be protected include transactions, data sets, and transient data destinations.
response
In SNA, a message unit that acknowledges receipt of a request; a response consists of a response header (RH), a response unit (RU), or both.
response mode
(1) A mode of terminal operation that synchronizes operations between the terminal operator and the application program. When IMS receives an input transaction that causes response mode to be entered, no more input is allowed until the application program response has been transmitted back to the terminal. See also non-response mode.
(2) A mode in which a system can communicate with an end-user.
response time
The elapsed time between entering an inquiry or request and receiving a response.
restart
Resumption of operation after recovery. Ability to restart requires knowledge of where to start and ability to start at that point.
restart data set (RSD)
A VSAM KSDS used only during a CICS emergency restart. The RSD temporarily holds the backout information read from the CICS system log. This allows CICS to be restored to a stable state and to be restarted following an abrupt termination.
restart in place
In XRF, the restart of a failed active CICS system, instead of a takeover by the alternate CICS system.
resynchronization
The completion of an interrupted two-phase commit process for a unit of work.
RETAIN
Database used by IBM Support Centers to record all known problems with IBM licensed programs.
retract
To remove the reference to the home of the bean in a namespace. Retract reverses the action of publish.
return code
A value returned by a program to indicate the result of its processing.
return code equate
In DBCTL, an alphanumeric equivalent of a numeric return code, such as UERCNOAC for take no action. DBCTL uses return code equates in the XRF global user exits, XXDFA, XXDFB, and XXDTO.
revoke count
Number of unsuccessful signon attempts since the last successful signon with a particular userid.
RH
See request header (RH).
RIS
See recoverable in-doubt structure (RIS).
RLDS
See recovery log data set (RLDS).
RMF
See resource measurement facility (RMF).
RMI
See resource manager interface (RMI) and remote method invocation .
RODM
Resource Object Data Manager.
rollback
(1) A programmed return to a prior checkpoint.
(2) In CICS, the cancellation by an application program of the changes it has made to all recoverable resources during the current logical unit of work.
root activity
The activity at the top of an activity tree. It has no parent activity.
rotational position sensing (RPS)
A function that permits a disk storage device to disconnect from a block multiplexer channel (or its equivalent), allowing the channel to service other devices on the channel during positional delay.
route list
A list that designates terminals or logical units, or particular operators, for which logical messages are to be scheduled for delivery.
router
An MVS program that presents a common systems interface for all products providing resource control. Resource managing components (such as CICS) call the MVS router as part of certain decision-making functions in their processing.
router exit
A point in the MVS router that can be modified to use a user-written or a vendor-supplied external security manager, instead of having the MVS router pass control to RACF.
routine
A program or sequence of instructions called by a program. Typically, a routine has a general purpose and is frequently used. CICS and the programming languages use routines.
routing region
In the dynamic routing of BTS processes and activities, the CICS region on which the distributed routing program runs. In BTS routing, the routing region is the same as the requesting region. See also requesting region, target region.
routing transaction
A CICS transaction (CRTE) that enables an operator at a terminal owned by one CICS system to sign on to another CICS system connected by means of an IRC or APPC link.
RPL
See request parameter list (RPL).
RPS
See rotational position sensing (RPS).
RRDS
See relative record data set (RRDS).
RRN
See relative record number (RRN).
RSCS
See remote spooling communications subsystem (RSCS).
RSD
See restart data set (RSD).
RSE
See recoverable service element (RSE).
RST
See recoverable service table (RST).
RTA
See real-time analysis (RTA).
RU
See request unit (RU).
runaway task
A task that has been dispatched and does not return control to CICS within a user-specified time interval. The program being used by this task is in a loop between two CICS requests. The task control program abends the task after expiration of this time interval, which is called the runaway task time interval.
run unit
In COBOL, a set of one or more programs that run as a set to solve a problem. A set starts with the first COBOL program in the call stack and includes all programs (COBOL) (non-COBOL) that are below it in the call stack.
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