- pacing
- In SNA, a technique by which a receiving component controls the rate
of transmission of a sending component to prevent overrun or congestion.
- page
- (1) A fixed-length block of instructions, data, or both that has a virtual
address and is transferred as a unit between real storage and auxiliary storage.
The block may exist in processor storage or on disk.
- (2) The information
that can be displayed at one time on the screen of a display device or in
a window.
- pageable link pack area (PLPA)
- An element of MVS/ESA virtual storage.
This area contains supervisor call routines, access methods, and other read-only
system programs along with read-only reenterable user programs selected by
an installation to be shared among users of the system. Optional functions
or devices selected by an installation during system generation add additional
modules to the PLPA. See also link pack area (LPA) and modified link pack area (MLPA).
- page allocation map (PAM)
- A map containing information used by
the storage domain to manage each of its five dynamic storage areas (DSAs).
- page chaining
- A facility available under full-function BMS. The
terminal operator invokes a transaction that communicates with the terminal
in the normal way. This invoked transaction might, in turn, build pages that
are (if the SEND PAGE command in the invoked transaction specified RETAIN
or RELEASE) chained to the pages built by the original transaction. The operator
can then retrieve pages for either transaction, for example, for comparison.
- page control area (PCA)
- A 4-byte area placed by BMS at the end
of the device-dependent data stream returned to the application.
- page fault
- A program interruption that occurs when an active page refers to a page that
is not in memory.
- page overflow
- A condition that occurs
when the next BMS map or block of text does not fit on the current page of
the target terminal.
- paging
- The process of transferring instructions,
data, or pages between real storage and external page storage.
- PAM
- See page allocation map (PAM).
- PAPL
- See participant adapter parameter list (PAPL).
- parallel
activity
- An activity that is being executed at the same time as
another, within the same process instance. During the time that the two activities
are both running, they are said to be executing in parallel.
- parallel
session
- A single intersystem link that can carry multiple independent
sessions. Parallel sessions are supported by CICS intersystem communication
(ISC).
- Parallel Sysplex
- An MVS sysplex where
all the MVS images are linked through a coupling facility.
- parameter
- (1) A variable that is given a constant value for a specified application and
that may denote the application.
- (2) Data passed between programs
or procedures, or presented to a program at startup
- parameter
manager domain
- Major component of CICS providing a facility to
inform CICS domains of system parameters during CICS initialization. These
parameters are specified in the system initialization table (SIT), as temporary
override parameters read from the SYSIN data stream or specified interactively
at the system console. It also provides an operator correction facility for
incorrectly specified system initialization parameter keywords early in CICS
initialization.
- parent activity
- An activity that starts
another activity, its child.
- participant
adapter parameter list (PAPL)
- An area in DRA storage used for
communication between CICS and DRA. The PAPL holds CICS request codes and
DRA return codes.
- partition
- (1) In VSE, a division of the virtual
address area that is available for program execution.
- (2) In BMS, an addressable subset of a display device's internal resources,
consisting of a fixed part of the device's screen, and a fixed part of its
internal storage. See also presentation space, screen, viewport.
- partition balancing, dynamic
- In CICS/VSE, A VSE facility that allows the user to specify that two
or more or all partitions of the system should receive about the same amount
of time on the processor.
- partition dump
- An unformatted dump of
the entire CICS partition. It is produced by CICS from within the partition
without operating system assistance.
- partitioned data
set (PDS)
- In an z/OS environment, a data set in direct-access
storage that is divided into partitions, which are called members. Each partition
can contain a program, part of a program, or data. See also sequential data set.
- partitioned data set extended (PDSE)
- A system-managed data set
that contains an indexed directory and members that are similar to the directory
and members of partitioned data sets. See also library.
- partition set
- In BMS, a group of partitions designed to share
the same screen. CICS must load the whole partition set onto a terminal before
it can communicate with any of the partitions.
- partition
specification table (PST)
- An IMS control block that contains information
about a dependent region. In a CICS-DBCTL environment, the dependent region
is CICS.
- partner
- In distributed processing, any one of the separate communicating
parts of an application. In CICS Transaction Server intercommunication, a
transaction communicating with a remote transaction or system. A CICS program
using the SAA communications interface requires a local PARTNER resource definition
for its remote partner. An EXEC CICS INQUIRE|SET PARTNER command can query
or change the status of a partner. In FEPI this is equivalent to back-end
system.
- partner logical unit (partner LU)
- In SNA, one of an LU pair between
which a session is established.
- PassTicket
- In RACF secured
sign-on, a dynamically generated, random, one-time-use, password substitute
that a workstation or other client can use to sign on to the host rather than
sending a RACF password across the network.
- path
- (1) In an online IMS system,
the route a message takes from the time it is originated through processing;
in a multisystem environment, the route can include more than one IMS system.
- (2) In DL/I, the chain of segments within a record that leads to
the currently-retrieved segment. The formal path contains only one segment
occurrence from each level, from the root down to the segment for which the
path exists.
- path information unit (PIU)
- In VTAM, data sent by the host according
to the definition of the VPACING parameter that determines how many messages
can be sent in a session to the VTAM application by another VTAM logical unit
without requiring that an acknowledgement be sent.
- pathlength
- The number of instructions executed, for example, per task.
- PCA
- See page control area (PCA).
- PCB
- See program communication block (PCB).
- PCP
- See program control program (PCP).
- PDI
- See primary delay interval (PDI).
- PDIR
- See PSB directory (PDIR).
- PDS
- See partitioned data set (PDS).
- PDSE
- See partitioned data set extended (PDSE).
- peer-to-peer
- A form of distributed processing,
in which the front-end and back-end of a conversation switch control between
themselves. It is communication between equals.
- PEM requester
- Any
APPC device or node capable of initiating a conversation with the architected
signon transaction.
- PEM server
- Any APPC LU that supports the
receive side of APPC PEM; that is, it can attach, but not initiate, the signon
transaction.
- PEP
- See program error program (PEP).
- performance
- A major
factor in measuring system productivity. Performance is determined by a combination
of throughput, response time, and availability.
- performance analysis
- The use of one or more performance tools to investigate the reasons
for performance deterioration.
- performance class data
- Detailed transaction-level monitoring data, which includes; Task identification
information, resource request counts, CPU and dispatch times, and time spent
waiting for I/O. Monitoring of performance (that is, the collection of performance
class data) is activated by the MNPER system initialization parameter in CICS
Transaction Server or by the MONITOR system initialization parameter in CICS/VSE.
See also monitoring record.
- performance data section
- One of the CICS data sections in a CICS monitoring record. It
consists of a string of field connectors followed by one or more performance
data records.
- performance evaluation
- The determination of how well a specific
system is meeting or may be expected to meet specific processing requirements
at specific interfaces. Performance evaluation, by determining such factors
as throughput rate, turnaround time, and constrained resources, can provide
important inputs and data for the performance improvement process.
- performance improvement
- The increase of the average throughput
rate and operational capability, or the reduction of turnaround time.
- persistent reusable JVM
- The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is
created by the IBM Software Developer Kit for z/OS, Java 2 Technology Edition, Version 1.4.2. It is a reusable JVM that includes IBM optimizations
for transaction processing, which are the use of the shared class cache (the
JVMSet) and resettability.
- persistent session
- (1) A session that
remains active even though there is no activity on the session for a specified
period of time.
- (2) An LU-LU session that VTAM retains after the failure
of a VTAM application program. Following the application program's recovery,
the application program restores or terminates the session.
- persistent verification (PV)
- The retention of a sign-on from a
remote system across multiple conversations until it is no longer needed.
In CICS Transaction Server, the PVDELAY system initialization parameter defines
how long entries can remain in the signed-on-from list relating to a connection
for which persistent verification is specified.
- PF key
- See program function key (PF key).
- physical database
- An ordered set of physical database records.
- physical map
- A set of instructions telling BMS how to format a
display for a given device. BMS does this by imbedding control characters
in the data stream.
- physical partition
- Part of a central
processing complex (CPC) that operates as a CPC in its own right, with its
own copy of the operating system.
- physical recovery
- Restoring a facility to its status at the time of failure.
- PI
- See program isolation (PI).
- PIP
- See program initialization parameters (PIP).
- pipe
- A one-way communication
path between a sending process and a receiving process.
- PIU
- See path information unit (PIU).
- planned takeover
- In XRF, a planned
shutdown of the active system, and takeover by the alternate system, for maintenance
or operational reasons.
- PlexManager
- A service utility that can
be used to manage the communication connections between multiple coordinating
address spaces (CASs) and between a CAS and associated CICSPlex SM address
spaces (CMASs) and CICSplexes.
- PL/I
- A programming language designed
for use in a wide range of commercial and scientific computer applications.
- PLPA
- See pageable link pack area (PLPA).
- PLT
- See program list table (PLT).
- PLU
- See primary logical unit (PLU).
- pointer
- A variable containing
an address. It is used in conjunction with a variable whose data description
is applied to the data at the location addressed by the pointer variable.
See based addressing.
- polling
- The process whereby stations are invited,
one at a time, to transmit. The polling process usually involves the sequential
interrogation of several data stations.
- pool
- In the CICS/ESA Front
End Programming Interface (FEPI), a collection of nodes and targets.
- pool thread
- A thread which is used by the CICS
DB2 attachment facility for transactions and commands that do not use an entry thread or a command thread.
- POSIT
- A keyword in the ICHERCDE
macro that determines the position of a resource class in the RACF class descriptor
table (CDT). All classes with the same POSIT value are controlled together
by the SETROPTS command.
- post-takeover
- The XRF phase, immediately
following takeover, when the new active CICS system does not have an alternate
system.
- predicate
- A logical expression, typically
involving sub-events , used to define a composite event. When the predicate
becomes true, the composite event fires.
- prefixed save area
(PSA)
- An element of MVS/ESA virtual storage which contains processor-dependent
status information. See MVS storage for more information.
- prefixing
- Specifying at system initialization that you want CICS
to prefix the resource names that it passes to RACF for authorization with
the RACF userid under which the CICS region is running.
- pregenerated
system
- A CICS system distributed in a form that has already undergone
the system generation process.
- prepare
- The first phase of a two-phase
commit process in which all participants are requested to prepare for commit.
- presentation logic
- The part of a distributed application that
is concerned with the user interface of the application. See business logic.
- presentation space
- A portion of the device's buffer storage, allocated
to a partition, that contains only display data that CICS sends to that partition.
- preset terminal security
- When a CICS region is started, the signing
on of selected terminals as users whose userids are the terminal identifiers.
Persons using these terminals have the authorizations given to the terminals.
- primary delay interval (PDI)
- The interval that must elapse between
the apparent loss of surveillance signal from the alternate system and any
reaction by the active system. This interval is set by the PDI system initialization
parameter and, in CICS/VSE, defaults to 30 seconds. See the CICS Transaction
Server System Definition Guide or the CICS/VSE System Definition and Operations
Guide for more information.
- primary index
- In VSAM, the set of primary
keys that provide the standard path for access to the data set.
- primary key
- In each record of a VSAM KSDS, an identifying field. The key of each
record is a field in a predefined position within the record. Each key must
be unique in the data set.
- primary logical unit
(PLU)
- In SNA, the logical unit (LU) that sends the bind command
to activate a session with its partner LU. See also secondary logical unit (SLU).
- primary mode
- If a program runs in primary mode, the system resolves
all addresses within the current (primary) address space. See also AR (access
register) mode. See also address space control (ASC) mode.
- principal facility
- The terminal or logical unit that is connected
to a transaction at its initiation. See also alternate facility.
- priority
- A rank assigned to a task that determines its precedence in receiving
system resources.
- private area
- In CICS Transaction Server,
a major element of MVS/ESA virtual storage below the 16MB line. It contains
the local system queue area (LSQA), scheduler work area, subpools 229 and
230, a 16KB system region area, and a private user region for running programs
and storing data. See The CICS private area for
more information. This area is duplicated (except for the 16KB system region
area) above the 16MB line as the extended private area.
- private partition
- In VSE, a partition allocated for the execution of a specific
program or application program. Storage in a private partition is not addressable
by programs running in other virtual address spaces. See also shared partition.
- problem determination
- The process of determining the source of
a problem; for example, a program component, machine failure, telecommunication
facilities, user or contractor-installed programs or equipment, environmental
failure such as a power loss, or user error.
- process
- In Business Transaction
Services (BTS), a collection of one or more activities. A process is the largest
unit that CICS business transaction services can work with, and has a unique
name by which it can be referenced and invoked. Typically, a process is an
instance of a business transaction.
- process container
- A data-container associated with a process. Process containers can be read
by all the activities that make up the process. Note that they are not the
same as the root activity's containers.
- processing intent
- The attribute defined in the PSB which specifies the program's database access
privileges such as insert, delete, and replace.
- processing thread
- A connection between an application program and the CICSPlex SM API. A program
can establish multiple processing threads, but each one is considered a unique
API user; no resources can be shared across the boundary of a thread.
- processor
- In a computer, a functional unit that interprets and
executes instructions. A processor consists of at least an instruction control
unit and an arithmetic and logic unit.
- Processor Resource/Systems Manager (PR/SM)
- The feature that allows
the processor to use several MVS images simultaneously and provides logical
partitioning capability. See also multi-MVS environment.
- process-type
- The category to which a process belongs. All the activities in
a process inherit the same process-type attribute. Categorizing processes
makes it easier to find a particular process or activity - the BTS browsing
commands allow filtering by process-type.
- product distribution
tape
- Tape on which CICS Transaction Server or CICS/VSE is supplied
to users as a pregenerated system.
- profile
- (1) Data that describes
the characteristics of a user, group, program, device, or remote location.
A Tivoli application specifies the template for its profiles, which includes
information about the resources that the Tivoli application can manage.
- (2) In CICS, a set of options specified in a resource definition that can
be invoked by a transaction definition. Profiles control the interactions
between the transaction and terminals or logical units.
- program check
- A condition that occurs when programming errors are detected by a processor
during execution.
- program communication block (PCB)
- DL/I or IMS control block that describes an application program's
interface to a DL/I or IMS database or, additionally, for message processing
and batch message processing programs, to the source and destination of messages.
See also program specification block (PSB).
- program compression
- An operation performed by program control to relieve space in the DSA during
a short-on-storage condition. The PPT is searched to identify programs that
have been dynamically loaded and are currently not in use. If a program is
not in use, the space it occupied is reclaimed. See also short-on-storage (SOS).
- program control program (PCP)
- The CICS program that manages CICS
application programs.
- program error program (PEP)
- A user-replaceable program containing code to obtain program addressability,
access the COMMAREA, and return control to the CICS abnormal condition program
(DFHACP) through an EXEC CICS RETURN command. For programming information,
see Program Error Program.
- program function key (PF key)
- On a keyboard, a key that passes
a signal to a program to call for a particular operation.
- program initialization parameters (PIP)
- In IBM's Systems Network
Architecture, initialization information exchanged between two transaction
programs belonging to the same logical unit.
- program isolation (PI)
- A DL/I or IMS facility that separates all the activity of an
application program from any other active application program until that application
program indicates, via a synchronization point, that the data it has modified
or created is consistent and complete.
- program library
- See partitioned data set (PDS). See also sequential data set.
- program
list table (PLT)
- CICS control table containing a list of programs.
The programs in a PLT can be executed as a group during CICS startup or shutdown,
and can be enabled and disabled as a group by a single CEMT transaction.
- program loading
- The use of MVS load under an MVS subtask or a
VSE load under a VSE subtask to load programs into CICS storage.
- programmable
terminal
- A user workstation that has computational capabilities.
- programmable workstation
- A workstation that has some degree of
processing capability and allows the user to change its functions.
- program manager domain
- A CICS domain that provides support for
the following: program control functions; transaction ABEND and condition
handling; related functions such as invoking user-replaceable modules, global
user exits, and task-related user exits; autoinstall for programs, map sets,
and partition sets.
- program specification block (PSB)
- DL/I or IMS control block that describes databases and logical
message destinations used by an application program. A PSB consists of one
or more program communication blocks (PCBs). See also program communication block (PCB).
- program status word (PSW)
- An area in storage used to indicate
the order in which instructions are executed, and to hold and indicate the
status of the computer system.
- program temporary fix
(PTF)
- For zSeries, iSeries, and pSeries products, a fix that is
made available to all customers. A program temporary fix is tested by IBM.
It contains a PTF record.
- program update tape (PUT)
- A tape that contains fixes (PTFs) for a particular product. PUTs are cumulative
and are identified by number.
- property set
- In the
CICS/ESA Front End Programming Interface (FEPI), the definition of the characteristics
of a pool.
- PR/SM
- See processor resource/systems manager (PR/SM).
- PSA
- See prefixed save area (PSA).
- PSB
- See program specification block (PSB).
- PSB directory (PDIR)
- A list or directory of program specification blocks (PSBs) that define
the use of databases by application programs for DL/I. It contains one entry
for each PSB to be used during CICS execution, and is loaded during initialization."
See the CICS Transaction Server System Definition Guide for more information.
- pseudoconversational
- (1) A type of CICS application design that appears
to the user as a continuous conversation, but that consists internally of
multiple tasks. See also conversation.
- (2) In BTS, the way
in which an activity can be reattached ("reactivated") when a predefined event
occurs, in order to take the next in a set of processing steps. See also activation.
- pseudorecovery token
- A token consisting
of eight decimal characters, which can be used in place of the recovery token
in certain circumstances. For example, a pseudorecovery token is displayed
when the status of an application thread is in-doubt. It is made shorter so
that it is easier to note and enter, for example, in certain DBCTL commands.
See also recovery token.
- PST
- See partition specification table (PST).
- PSW
- See program status word (PSW).
- PTF
- See program temporary fix (PTF).
- publish
- To bind a reference to the home of an enterprise bean
in a namespace. The naming convention for the namespace is a concatenation
of the JNDIPREFIX attribute of the CorbaServer and the name of the bean."
- purge
- The abending of a task by task control to alleviate a short-on-storage
condition.
- PUT
- See program update tape (PUT)
- PV
- See persistent verification (PV).
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