00/4p0000Y00)0000000000000+@l00#YIo 00000000q0000V Y T00)0000000000vh0000 000000C000000^H')Ce0000000000000000000000000000000000 >9 QF0000E009000000Y"I6S1j0000000000<\I000000V000000000000 00000000000000@00>000000005j"00000000[00000000K"f0000 00000000c;$'W00000000000000D900"00-a00!s0000.O000000 '^0h+000000`00N0000000000bd000000000000000000000000000000 *PALACE When people began concentrating in cities, their governments became more structured and formalized as well. At an early stage, the ruler of the city established headquarters buildings where the business of running the city was conducted: citizens were interviewed, edicts were issued, taxes were collected and stored, and diplomacy was carried on. In many cases, these seats of governmental power also served as the living quarters of the ruler. In cities that were sufficiently wealthy, these headquarters often became PALACES, immense and imposing structures that were a source of civic pride, and which reinforced the aura of power attached to the ruler. *PALACE2 A center of administration and governmental power. The further cities are from a PALACE, the more corruption is likely. *BARRACKS Warfare has been a recurring phenomenon in the history of civilization and continues to plague the world today. Those unprepared for war, either philosophically, materially, or technologically, soon fall out of the parade. Throughout history, warfare has been a prime agent of expansion. The neighbors of Rome joined the empire in most cases only after spirited hand-to-hand negotiations with Roman legions. When warring civilizations were closely matched in technology and material, victory normally went to the side with the best training, organization, morale, strategy, and tactics. The fostering of these skills and traditions took place in the BARRACKS. *BARRACKS2 New units are Veterans when produced at a city containing a BARRACKS, giving them advantages in combat against similar, non-Veteran units. *GRANARY Cities became possible only when the development of agriculture made the supply of food more abundant and dependable. However, the new cities needed a way of stabilizing the food supply; seasonal crops had to be stored for later use. The GRANARY was designed for the storage and protection of food surpluses. The new agricultural techniques and the ability to store food meant that only some of the people had to work producing food for all. The rest could devote their time to dreaming up the alphabet, mathematics, computer games, and other important advances of civilization. *GRANARY2 Only 50% of food storage is used to create new population. Protects the city against the disaster of Famine. *TEMPLE In ancient times, nearly every city had a TEMPLE consecrated to its own god, as well as those dedicated to other deities. But although today TEMPLES and churches are places of worship, to the Greeks, Romans, and others, TEMPLES were perceived primarily as dwelling places for their respective gods and goddesses. Here the deity was honored and revered, and here the faithful brought gifts of food, rare metals, and spices. Having a TEMPLE in their city comforted the people, and the wise ruler often invested in TEMPLES as soon as a city began to grow. *TEMPLE2 Unhappy people are made content (1 if you have Ceremonial Burial, 2 if Mysticism). This is doubled if you have the Oracle Wonder. *MARKETPLACE As cities grew and prospered, trade between the farmers, artisans and craftsmen who lived in the vicinity contributed to the economic health of the city. It soon became apparent that the best means for conducting such activities was to have a central location, or MARKETPLACE, where those persons offering goods and services for sale, or seeking to find them, could meet. Here, among the tumult and bustle of the tents and stalls, people, wares, and livestock would all be gathered for display, trade and sale. As the MARKETPLACE grew in importance, so grew the economic vitality of the city itself. *MARKETPLACE2 Luxuries and tax revenues are increased by 50%. *LIBRARY The development of WRITING meant that the accumulated knowledge of a society no longer needed to be memorized and passed along orally. It could be written down, stored, and consulted later. This made possible a great body of knowledge in written texts that could be transferred throughout the world. The storehouse for the accumulated texts was called a LIBRARY, after the Latin word liber, meaning book. The great LIBRARIES of the ancient world, especially the ones at Alexandria and Pergamum, became leading centers of science and scholarship. The librarians actively collected the books of the world, accelerating the spread of new knowledge. *LIBRARY2 Knowledge production increased by 50%. *COURTHOUSE As kingdoms and empires grew, it became increasingly difficult for the ruler to maintain control over the more distant segments of the realm. To insure that the far-flung cities of the empire contributed their expected share to the coffers, local magistrates and courts were established. In the COURTHOUSE the ruler's representatives listened to the grievances of the people and meted out justice. Here the laws that governed social interaction were defined and enforced. The COURTHOUSE reduced crime, and thereby kept the local population productive and content. Unhappy and unproductive citizens were not willing taxpayers. *COURTHOUSE2 Reduces corruption in city by 50%. *CITY WALLS Before the development, of large publicly-financed, centralized governments capable of supporting strong national armies, cities were normally left to their own devices for protection. As a result, many civilizations constructed WALLS around their cities to protect against invaders from other regions, or from bandits and pirates. CITY WALLS represented a major investment of resources and required many years to complete. But these WALLS transformed the city into a fortress, capable of withstanding all but the most determined attack. *CITY WALLS2 Defense bonus = +200%; no population loss when attacked. *AQUEDUCT A major obstacle to growth in early cities was the scarcity of water. The answer to this problem in many cases was an AQUEDUCT: a large, elevated stone "canal" that brought water from nearby hills directly into the city. This assured a convenient and dependable supply of fresh water to the city. AQUEDUCTS allowed cities to grow to unprecedented size, while at the same time they reduced the incidence of water-borne disease. Not only were larger cities now possible, but cities could be placed in otherwise inhospitable places, such as Los Angeles, which is located in a desert. *AQUEDUCT2 A city without an AQUEDUCT may not grow beyond a size of 10. *BANK A highly developed banking system is one of the hallmarks of an advanced civilization. BANKS lend money to individuals or groups of individuals, providing capital for industrial and real estate development. BANKS contribute to the economic growth of a city or region by stimulating the development of production facilities. In addition, individuals can invest their own surplus money and earn interest on it. *BANK2 Luxuries and tax revenue increased by 50%. *CATHEDRAL Through the Dark Ages that followed the fall of the Roman Empire in Europe, a major influence in the revival of civilization was the Christian Church. Elsewhere, other great religions were also expanding their influence. In recognition of the importance of religion in local affairs, the largest European towns built CATHEDRALS, centers of religious study and worship, presided over by the local bishop. When completed, CATHEDRALS became the centers of social and cultural activity, as well as religious worship. They brought great pride, stability, and tradition to their community. *CATHEDRAL2 Four unhappy people are made content. *UNIVERSITY A UNIVERSITY is an institution of higher education, offering courses of study to individuals seeking specialized instruction. In the West, UNIVERSITIES were first founded in the Middle Ages, mostly in cities that had important CATHEDRALS, to study the matters of interest to church leaders. The curricula quickly expanded to include classical art, literature, and languages. The modern UNIVERSITY has become a research powerhouse in addition to being an educational institution. Experiments are conducted in a wide variety of areas, including weaponry, computers, physics, and football. *UNIVERSITY2 Knowledge production increased by 50%. *COLOSSEUM The original COLOSSEUM of Rome presented spectacles intended to entertain and divert the landless, jobless citizenry who were supported by massive handouts. As the Empire declined, the increasing barbarity of the spectacles came to reflect the moral bankruptcy of Rome. In the 20th Century, COLOSSEUMS have been revived, again to provide entertainment and diversion. The promotions today are music concerts and professional sports contests. However, the modern spectacles have not exhibited the barbarity of ancient times, with the notable exception of ice hockey games. *COLOSSEUM2 Three unhappy people changed to content in city. *RECYCLING CNTR. As cities grew, they produced more and more refuse, until eventually the traditional dumping sites were filled. As a result, pollution gradually began spoiling the environment. To reverse this tide many cities installed RECYCLING CENTERS, where a large percentage of this trash was sorted, melted down, or otherwise reduced to reusable components that could be RECYCLED into the process of manufacturing new products. In this way, much of the city's trash ended up as raw material for production, not waste in a landfill. *RECYCLING CNTR.2 Reduces industrial pollution in city by two-thirds. *FACTORY The development of the FACTORY evolved from the specialization of labor, where each worker learned only one step in the manufacturing process. When the worker became expert at that one task, the total production of the FACTORY increased. In Adam Smith's classic example from his book, The Wealth of Nations, a FACTORY of specialists made many more nails than one where each worker handcrafted nails one at a time. The FACTORY system was one prerequisite for the Industrial Revolution that soon followed. *FACTORY2 Production is increased by 50%. *MFG. PLANT MANUFACTURING PLANTS were large industrial complexes that produced goods of all types, but especially durable consumer goods such as the AUTOMOBILE. A MANUFACTURING PLANT was essentially a large, sophisticated FACTORY. In addition to specialization of labor, it employed interchangeable parts, complex machinery, and assembly lines to gain efficiency and economies of scale. The result was highly productive workers and relatively low costs. *MFG. PLANT2 Production is increased by 100%. *POWER PLANT POWER PLANTS burn fossil fuels, mainly oil and coal, to produce the heat and steam necessary to generate electricity. The importance of electric power is that each factory does not need a steam engine to power its machines. Centrally generated electricity is transmitted throughout the countryside to power machines everywhere. However, increasing demand for electricity requires the burning of ever greater amounts of fossil fuels, and this has led to problems with air pollution and acid rain. Since modern society cannot function without electricity, researchers are working to perfect other methods of power generation. *POWER PLANT2 Factory production is increased by 50%; high pollution level. *HYDRO PLANT One alternative to fossil fuel power generation is the HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT. These use the energy of falling water to turn turbines at high speed and thereby generate electricity. Where water flow rates make HYDRO PLANTS practical, they offer safe and clean electricity, free of the pollution and acid rain caused by burning fossil fuels. HYDRO PLANTS are not free of problems, however. They create their own environmental disruptions, flooding large areas behind their dams, interrupting the normal flow of rivers, and destroying the habitats of wild animal species. *HYDRO PLANT2 Factory production is increased by 50%; existing pollution is reduced. *NUCLEAR PLANT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS burn atomic fuels through the process of nuclear fission to generate the heat and steam needed to produce electricity. Because it doesn't cause the pollution problems associated with the burning of fossil fuels, NUCLEAR POWER is being examined as a possible alternative to these "dirty" sources of energy. However, the extremely dangerous nature of Nuclear Fission creates its own hazards, including the risk of a meltdown of the nuclear reactor. While the future of NUCLEAR POWER is unclear now, continuing research in Nuclear Fusion may result in a safe and cheap source of power. *NUCLEAR PLANT2 Factory production is increased by 50%; low pollution level -- risk of MELTDOWN! *MASS TRANSIT Within a few decades of the invention of the AUTOMOBILE, the horse and carriage disappeared from city streets. However, the AUTOMOBILE brought new problems, including air pollution and the release of large quantities of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. As cities became larger and more crowded, travel around town became difficult and time consuming. The development of MASS TRANSIT, including buses, trolleys, subways, and light rail, led to a reduction in traffic and an accompanying reduction in pollution. *MASS TRANSIT2 Reduces pollution produced by city population. *SDI DEFENSE The history of warfare has been a struggle between offense and defense, with sometimes one side having the upper hand, and sometimes the other. The development of nuclear weapons seemed to demonstrate that for the very first time, an offensive weapon existed for which there was no effective defense. SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative), however, could be the answer. Using either orbital laser weapons, or thousands of missile-launched "Brilliant Pebbles," which are intended to collide with nuclear-tipped missiles in mid-air, SDI DEFENSE offers the real possibility of negating the threat posed by nuclear missiles. *SDI DEFENSE2 Protects city from nuclear weapons. *SS MODULE The MODULES are the central features of your spaceship. There are three types: Habitation, Life Support, and Solar Panels. The Habitation MODULES each provide living space for 10,000 colonists. The Life Support MODULES each provide the food and other requirements for the colonists carried in one Habitation MODULE. One Solar Power MODULE provides enough energy to run two other MODULES. At the minimum, a succesful spaceship must contain one of each type of MODULE. To transport more than the minimum number of colonists possible you must build additional sets of MODULES. *SS MODULE2 Habitation and Life Support MODULES have a mass of 1,600 tons and Solar Panel MODULES have a mass of 400 tons. A spaceship may include a maximum of four MODULES of each type. *SS COMPONENT The COMPONENTS provide the motive power of your spaceship. There are two types: Propulsion and Fuel. Propulsion COMPONENTS are the spaceship engines, providing the acceleration and deceleration needed for the journey. Fuel COMPONENTS are supplies of fuel, each sufficient for one Propulsion COMPONENT. The minimum a spaceship requires is one of each COMPONENT, but to arrive at the best speed, it requires many more of both. *SS COMPONENT2 Spaceship COMPONENTS have a mass of 400 tons each and a spaceship may include a maximum of eight of each type. *SS STRUCTURAL The STRUCTURAL parts of your spaceship constitute the frame to which all other parts are attached. There must be sufficient STRUCTURE to connect the other parts together or the others cannot function. A MODULE or COMPONENT that is not connected by STRUCTURAL parts appears in a red box in the spaceship display. When enough STRUCTURAL parts are added, the red box disappears. *SS STRUCTURAL2 Spaceship STRUCTURAL parts each have a mass of 100 tons and a spaceship may include up to thirty-nine STRUCTURAL pieces. *PYRAMIDS Built by the fourth dynasty of Eqyptian rulers on the Giza plateau outside modern-day Cairo, the PYRAMIDS represent the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian cultural achievement. These Wonders were burial tombs and monuments for the Pharaohs and may have required generations and tens of thousands of workers to complete. They were ancient monuments when visited by Herodutus, centuries before the time of Christ. They are the only one of the generally accepted seven wonders of the ancient world that still stand. The construction of the PYRAMIDS implied a highly stable government and well organized society. *PYRAMIDS2 Allows change of government without Anarchy; Makes available all forms of government. Both of these effects last until the development of COMMUNISM. *HANGING GARDENS The HANGING GARDENS of Babylon are believed to have been a series of ascending, tiered gardens built within the palace to please a queen from a more verdant region. The gardens contained all manner of trees, shrubs, and vines, and appeared to be a large green mountain in a city built of sun-dried mud bricks. Pleasing to look at, cool to linger in, and a remarkable piece of engineering, the gardens were a distinctive feature of Babylon. They were written about by many visitors and were a great source of pride to the people. *HANGING GARDENS2 +1 happy face in each city, until the development of INVENTION. *COLOSSUS The COLOSSUS of Rhodes was a bronze statue of Helios, the God of the Sun, erected near the city harbor. It stood over 100 feet high, about two-thirds the height of the Statue of Liberty. Unfortunately, it was knocked down by an earthquake only 56 years after its construction. Taking the counsel of an oracle, the city elected to leave the statue where it lay, and it stayed there for 900 years until sold for scrap by Muslims who plundered the city in 654 A.D. Travelers from all over the ancient world came to Rhodes to see the Colossus, both when it stood and after it fell. *COLOSSUS2 +1 trade per trade square in the city, until the development of ELECTRICITY. *LIGHTHOUSE The Pharos of Alexandria was a marble watch tower and LIGHTHOUSE built on an island in the harborof the city. Estimated to have been 300 feet high, the building was erected around 280 B.C. The primary function of the LIGHTHOUSE was to guide approaching ships to the harbor on an otherwise unmarked coast. Historians debate whether fires were burned on the top of the tower, or whether mirrors were used to reflect sunlight. Since ships rarely sailed along coasts at night, there may have been little need for light after dark. The Pharos was finally ruined in the 14th Century after having been damaged in several earthquakes. *LIGHTHOUSE2 Increases sea movement rates by 1 MP, until the development of MAGNETISM. *GREAT LIBRARY The Royal GREAT LIBRARY of Alexandria was one of the two most important libraries of the ancient world. It was founded around 300 B.C. by Ptolemy I, and was greatly enhanced by the later Ptolemaic rulers, when Alexandria served as the cultural center of the Hellenistic world. The LIBRARY attempted to obtain copies of all known scrolls of any consequence, and it was said to have contained over 700,000 volumes. It became a center for learning as well as a repository of knowledge. The LIBRARY was ultimately destroyed by religious fanatics in 391 A.D. Only part of the catalog survives to tantalize us about the treasures it contained. *GREAT LIBRARY2 Gives you any technology that two other civilizations possess, until the development of the UNIVERSITY. *ORACLE In ancient Greek religion, an ORACLE was a priest or priestess who transmitted a god's response to questions. The Oracle interpreted dreams, the actions of entranced persons, and physical signs found in the entrails of sacrificed animals. The most famous ORACLE was the shrine of Apollo at Delphi, located on the slopes of Mt. Parnassos. It was consulted for centuries by Greeks, Romans, and others about public policy and private matters. A priestess called the Pythia would, for a fee, make predictions for the future. These ecstatic pronouncements (oracles) became famous (or infamous) for their ambiguity. *ORACLE2 Doubles the effects of Temples, until the development of RELIGION. *GREAT WALL The GREAT WALL of China, stretching from the Yellow Sea to the Asian deserts, was built over a period of approximately 1,800 years. Construction was not continual, but waxed and waned in response to barbarian threats from the north. The wall is 25 feet high and 12 feet thick; it runs 1,500 miles across northern China. The purpose of the GREAT WALL was to make it difficult for raiders to escape with their booty, and thereby discourage invasion. It was not intended to keep invaders out, because it would have been prohibitively expensive to keep it manned. *GREAT WALL2 Other civilizations always offer to make peace with you, until the development of GUNPOWDER. *MAGELLAN'S EXPEDITION In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan sailed from Spain, seeking to reach the spice-rich Moluccas Islands of Indonesia by sailing west, instead of east. Although the leader was killed by natives in the Philippines, MAGELLAN'S EXPEDITION proved conclusively that the world was round, and, more importantly, that the Americas were indeed a New World. MAGELLAN'S EXPEDITION was one of the great sea voyages of history and it inspired further expeditions by other adventurers. Its discoveries opened new worlds and reduced the dangers to those who followed in its wake. *MAGELLAN'S EXPEDITION2 Increases sea movement by 1 MP. *MICHELANGELO'S CHAPEL The beauty of Rome's Sistine Chapel, whose ceiling was painted by Michelangelo, has long served as a testament to the mixture of strong religious beliefs and the love of art which pervaded Renaissance Europe. The artist devoted four years to the work, which depicts important scenes from Genesis and other books of the Bible. Few visitors to MICHELANGELO'S CHAPEL failed to be moved by the artist's dedication to his subject, or his feeling for the nature of human struggle, suffering, and spiritual triumph. *MICHELANGELO'S CHAPEL2 Increases the effect of CATHEDRALS, until the development of COMMUNISM. *COPERNICUS' OBSERVATORY Early in the 16th Century, Nicholas Copernicus rediscovered the heliocentric theory of planetary motion, which is the belief -- now known to be fact -- that the planets revolve around the Sun. The foundation of modern astronomy was this theory and the meticulous scientific data collected by Copernicus in his OBSERVATORY, a small room in an East Prussian Cathedral spire. The methods of his research and observation that led to his correct conclusion were also a rebirth of the scientific method and an important step in the advance of knowledge. *COPERNICUS' OBSERVATORY2 Doubles knowledge production in city, until the development of the AUTOMOBILE. *SHAKESPEARE'S THEATRE Most of the plays of William Shakespeare were first performed at London's Globe Theatre during the 1600s. SHAKESPEARE'S THEATRE offered the people a diversion from their own troubles, delighting them instead with the tragedies, comedies, and triumphs acted out on stage. Similar theaters, such as the Comedie Francaise in Paris, and La Scala, the famed opera house of Milan, fulfilled similar roles, by offering entertainment to the citizens of their cities. *SHAKESPEARE'S THEATRE2 All unhappy people in city are content, until the development of ELECTRONICS. *ISAAC NEWTON'S COLLEGE Sir Isaac Newton, a mathematician and physicist, is considered by many the greatest scientist of all time. He is credited for many important discoveries including the laws of gravity, the color spectrum of light, calculus, fluid dynamics, and an understanding of ocean tides. He also built the first reflecting telescope. For 32 years he held an important teaching post on the faculty of Cambridge University, continuing his own researches and instructing a generation of students. *ISAAC NEWTON'S COLLEGE2 Increases the benefit of LIBRARIES+UNIVERSITIES, until the development of NUCLEAR FISSION. *J.S.BACH'S CATHEDRAL Few composers were more prolific or beloved than Johann Sebastian Bach, the best-known member of a gifted family of German musicians. Bach was perhaps the finest proponent of the baroque style of music, as demonstrated in his numerous choral and orchestral pieces. Bach was more renowned during his lifetime as an organist and music director of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Saxony. But since his passing, his music has found a worldwide audience and appreciation. *J.S.BACH'S CATHEDRAL2 Decreases unhappy people on continent by 2 per city. *DARWIN'S VOYAGE Charles Darwin, the main proponent of the theory of organic evolution, built up much of his evidence for natural selection while aboard the H.M.S. Beagle on its five-year cruise around the world. DARWIN'S VOYAGE was instrumental not only in the establishment of his theory, but also in the rigorous application of the scientific method to nature. Darwin published the theory and the evidence for it in his major work, The Origin of Species. He was so complete and persuasive that he was criticized only on philosophical grounds, not scientific. His work opened many new lines of inquiry and triggered a wave of new biological research. *DARWIN'S VOYAGE2 Two immediate civilization advances. *HOOVER DAM For centuries mankind has been harnessing the power of rushing water to power waterwheels, but more recently water was found useful for generating electricity. To derive power from rivers, dams were built to assure a dependable supply of water, then the overflow was released through special chambers where the moving water turned giant turbines, generating electricity. The HOOVER DAM was one of the earliest hydroelectric dams, taming the Colorado River to bring electricity to the deserts of Arizona. *HOOVER DAM2 Supplies Hydro power to all cities on the continent. *WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE After many years of struggle, women in the United States won the right to vote in 1920 with the passage of the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The achievement of WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE was accelerated by the excellent record of women in traditional male jobs during World War I. Full voting rights were given to women in Great Britain in 1928. Since then women have gained this right in most of the developed world. *WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE2 Reduces unhappy people by one per unit not in home city under Republic or Democracy. *MANHATTAN PROJECT The atomic bomb derived its power from the sudden release of nuclear energy following the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei. The MANHATTAN PROJECT, an intensive and costly research effort, developed the first atomic bombs during World War II. For a brief period the United States held a monopoly on these weapons. However, by 1949 the Soviet Union had also developed them, at least partly thanks to espionage that obtained much of the MANHATTAN PROJECT research. The nuclear standoff that resulted seems to have been largely responsible for the absence of major wars since. *MANHATTAN PROJECT2 Allows the construction of nuclear weapons. *UNITED NATIONS Established following the holocaust of World War II, the UNITED NATIONS is an international organization dedicated to promoting peace and security. It also attempts to achieve international cooperation in solving world problems concerning the environment, economics, and cultures. Even when its peace keeping role has not been effective, it has remained a forum for debate where all nations can voice their concerns. *UNITED NATIONS2 Other civilizations always offer to make peace with you. *APOLLO PROGRAM The APOLLO PROGRAM was begun by the United States in response to early Soviet successes in space, and was intended to place men on the Moon. This was dramatically accomplished on July 20, 1969, when two American astronauts first set foot on the lunar landscape. Technology developed for the APOLLO PROGRAM was later found to be invaluable in designing future space vehicles and orbital platforms. *APOLLO PROGRAM2 Allows the construction of Spaceships. Makes all cities on the map visible. *SETI PROGRAM Is anybody Out There? Are we alone? The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), initiated (officially, at least) in the U.S. during the latter decades of the 20th Century, was not immediately successful in detecting the presence of other intelligent life in the universe. However, the research invested in the effort produced many useful spinoff benefits to astronomy, telecommunications, and other fields requiring high technology. *SETI PROGRAM2 Increases knowledge production in all cities by 50%. *CURE FOR CANCER Cancer remains a terrifying and deadly plague on life, despite huge outlays on research for a CURE. We have learned that there are many types of cancer, and that many factors seem capable of triggering it, but so far a remedy for this scourge eludes us. A CURE FOR CANCER would end suffering and anguish beyond measure, and give years of happy and productive life to millions of people, otherwise doomed. *CURE FOR CANCER2 +1 happy citizen in each city. *END