12.1. | Where can I get information on «diskless booting»? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
«Diskless booting» means that the FreeBSD box is booted over a network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of its hard disk. For full details, please read the Handbook entry on diskless booting | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.2. | Can a FreeBSD box be used as a dedicated network router? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes. Please see the Handbook entry on advanced networking, specifically the section on routing and gateways. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.3. | Can I connect my Windows® box to the Internet via FreeBSD? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typically, people who ask this question have two PCs at home, one with FreeBSD and one with some version of Windows® the idea is to use the FreeBSD box to connect to the Internet and then be able to access the Internet from the Windows® box through the FreeBSD box. This is really just a special case of the previous question and works perfectly well. If you are using dialup to connect to the Internet
user-mode ppp(8) contains a If you are using kernel-mode PPP or have an Ethernet connection to the Internet, you need to use natd(8). Please look at the natd section of the Handbook for a tutorial. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.4. | Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes. See the manual pages for slattach(8), sliplogin(8), ppp(8), and pppd(8). ppp(8) and pppd(8) provide support for both incoming and outgoing connections, while sliplogin(8) deals exclusively with incoming connections, and slattach(8) deals exclusively with outgoing connections. For more information on how to use these, please see the Handbook chapter on PPP and SLIP. If you only have access to the Internet through a «shell account», you may want to have a look at the net/slirp package. It can provide you with (limited) access to services such as ftp and http direct from your local machine. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.5. | Does FreeBSD support NAT or Masquerading? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yes. If you want to use NAT over a user PPP connection, please see the Handbook entry on user PPP. If you want to use NAT over some other sort of network connection, please look at the natd section of the Handbook. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.6. | How do I connect two FreeBSD systems over a parallel line using PLIP? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Please see the PLIP section of the Handbook. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.7. | Why can I not create a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Because they are not necessary. In the Berkeley
networking framework, network interfaces are only directly
accessible by kernel code. Please see the
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.8. | How can I set up Ethernet aliases? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If the alias is on the same subnet as an address
already configured on the interface, then add
Otherwise, just specify the network address and netmask as usual:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.9. | How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If you want to use the other ports, you will have to specify
an additional parameter on the
ifconfig(8) command line. The default port is
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.10. | Why am I having trouble with NFS and FreeBSD? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it mildly) and can sometimes cause problems with network intensive applications like NFS. See the Handbook entry on NFS for more information on this topic. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.11. | Why can I not NFS-mount from a Linux® box? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Some versions of the Linux® NFS code only accept mount requests from a privileged port; try
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.12. | Why can I not NFS-mount from a Sun box? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sun™ workstations running SunOS™ 4.X only accept mount requests from a privileged port; try
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.13. | Why does | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The most frequent problem is not understanding the
correct format of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.14. | Why am I having problems talking PPP to NeXTStep machines? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Try disabling the TCP extensions in
tcp_extensions=NO Xylogic's Annex boxes are also broken in this regard and you must use the above change to connect through them. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.15. | How do I enable IP multicast support? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FreeBSD supports multicast host operations by
default. If you want your box to run as a multicast
router, you need to recompile your kernel with the
MBONE tools are available in their own ports category,
mbone.
If you are looking for the conference tools
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.16. | Which network cards are based on the DEC PCI chipset? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Here is a list compiled by Glen Foster
Πίνακας 12.1. Network cards based on the DEC PCI chipset
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.17. | Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
You will probably find that the host is actually in a
different domain; for example, if you are in foo.example.org and
you wish to reach a host called Traditionally, this was allowed by BSD BIND resolvers.
However the current version of
bind (see named(8))
that ships with FreeBSD no longer provides default
abbreviations for non-fully qualified domain names other than
the domain you are in. So an unqualified host
This is different from the previous behavior, where the
search continued across
As a good workaround, you can place the line search foo.example.org example.org instead of the previous domain foo.example.org into your | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.18. | Why do I get an error, Permission denied, for all networking operations? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If you have compiled your kernel with the
If you had unintentionally misconfigured your system
for firewalling, you can restore network operability by
typing the following while logged in as
You can also set
For further information on configuring a FreeBSD firewall, see the Handbook chapter. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.19. | How much overhead does IPFW incur? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Please see the Handbook's Firewalls section, specifically the section on IPFW Overhead & Optimization. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.20. | Why is my | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Possibly because you want to do network address translation (NAT) and not just forward packets. A «fwd» rule does exactly what it says; it forwards packets. It does not actually change the data inside the packet. Say we have a rule like: 01000 fwd When a packet with a destination address of
See the FAQ about redirecting services, the natd(8) manual, or one of the several port redirecting utilities in the ports collection for a correct way to do this. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.21. | How can I redirect service requests from one machine to another? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
You can redirect FTP (and other service) request with
the ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket where | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.22. | Where can I get a bandwidth management tool? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
There are three bandwidth management tools available for FreeBSD. dummynet(4) is integrated into FreeBSD as part of ipfw(4). ALTQ is available for free on FreeBSD 4.X and has been integrated into FreeBSD 5.X as part of pf(4). Bandwidth Manager from Emerging Technologies is a commercial product. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.23. | Why do I get /dev/bpf0: device not configured? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
You are running a program that requires the Berkeley Packet Filter (bpf(4)), but it is not in your kernel. Add this to your kernel config file and build a new kernel: pseudo-device bpf # Berkeley Packet Filter On FreeBSD 4.X and earlier, you must also create the
device node. After rebooting, go to the
Please see the Handbook entry on device nodes for more information on managing devices. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.24. | How do I mount a disk from a Windows® machine that is on my network, like smbmount in Linux®? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Use the SMBFS toolset. It includes a set of kernel modifications and a set of userland programs. The programs and information are available as net/smbfs in the ports collection, or in the base system as of 4.5-RELEASE and later. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.25. | What are these messages about «icmp-response bandwidth limit 300/200 pps» in my log files? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This is the kernel telling you that some activity is provoking it to send more ICMP or TCP reset (RST) responses than it thinks it should. ICMP responses are often generated as a result of attempted connections to unused UDP ports. TCP resets are generated as a result of attempted connections to unopened TCP ports. Among others, these are the kinds of activities which may cause these messages:
The first number in the message tells you how many
packets the kernel would have sent if the limit was not in
place, and the second number tells you the limit. You can
control the limit using the
If you do not want to see messages about this in your
log files, but you still want the kernel to do response
limiting, you can use the
Finally, if you want to disable response limiting, you
can set the | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.26. | What are these arp: unknown hardware address format error messages? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This means that some device on your local Ethernet is using a MAC address in a format that FreeBSD does not recognize. This is probably caused by someone experimenting with an Ethernet card somewhere else on the network. You will see this most commonly on cable modem networks. It is harmless, and should not affect the performance of your FreeBSD machine. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12.27. | I have just installed CVSup but trying to execute it produces errors. What is wrong? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First, see if the error message you are receiving is like the one shown below. /usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libXaw.so.6" not found Errors like these are caused by installing the net/cvsup port on a machine which does not have the XFree86™ suite. If you want to use the GUI included with CVSup you will need to install XFree86™ now. Alternatively if you just wish to use CVSup from a command line you should delete the package previously installed. Then install the net/cvsup-without-gui port. This is covered in more detail in the CVSup section of the Handbook. |
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