Table of Contents
You cannot skip major verisons upgrading. If you are upgrading from version 0.90.x to 0.94.x, you must first go from 0.90.x to 0.92.x and then go from 0.92.x to 0.94.x.
Review ???, in particular the section on Hadoop version.
HBase has not walked a straight line where version numbers are concerned. Since we came up out of hadoop itself, we originally tracked hadoop versioning. Later we left hadoop versioning behind because we were moving at a different rate to that of our parent. If you are into the arcane, checkout our old wiki page on HBase Versioning which tries to connect the HBase version dots.
Ahead of big releases, we have been putting up preview versions to start the feedback cycle turning-over earlier. These "Development" Series releases, always odd-numbered, come with no guarantees, not even regards being able to upgrade between two sequential releases (we reserve the right to break compatibility across "Development" Series releases). Needless to say, these releases are not for production deploys. They are a preview of what is coming in the hope that interested parties will take the release for a test drive and flag us early if we there are issues we've missed ahead of our rolling a production-worthy release.
Our first "Development" Series was the 0.89 set that came out ahead of HBase 0.90.0. HBase 0.95 is another "Development" Series that portends HBase 0.96.0.
When we say two HBase versions are compatible, we mean that the versions are wire and binary compatible. Compatible HBase versions means that clients can talk to compatible but differently versioned servers. It means too that you can just swap out the jars of one version and replace them with the jars of another, compatible version and all will just work. Unless otherwise specified, HBase point versions are binary compatible. You can safely do rolling upgrades between binary compatible versions; i.e. across point versions: e.g. from 0.94.5 to 0.94.6[1].
Unless otherwise specified, HBase point versions are binary compatible. you can do a rolling upgrade between hbase point versions; for example, you can go to 0.94.6 from 0.94.5 by doing a rolling upgrade across the cluster replacing the 0.94.5 binary with a 0.94.6 binary.
You will have to stop your old 0.94.x cluster completely to upgrade. If you are replicating between clusters, both clusters will have to go down to upgrade. Make sure it is a clean shutdown. The less WAL files around, the faster the upgrade will run (the upgrade will split any log files it finds in the filesystem as part of the upgrade process). All clients must be upgraded to 0.96 too.
The API has changed. You will need to recompile your code against 0.96 and you may need to adjust applications to go against new APIs (TODO: List of changes).
HDFS and ZooKeeper should be up and running during the upgrade process.
hbase-0.96.0 comes with an upgrade script. Run
$ bin/hbase upgrade
to see its usage. The script has two main modes: -check, and -execute.
The check step is run against a running 0.94 cluster.
Run it from a downloaded 0.96.x binary. The check step
is looking for the presence of HFileV1
files. These are
unsupported in hbase-0.96.0. To purge them -- have them rewritten as HFileV2 --
you must run a compaction.
The check step prints stats at the end of its run (grep for “Result:” in the log) printing absolute path of the tables it scanned, any HFileV1 files found, the regions containing said files (the regions we need to major compact to purge the HFileV1s), and any corrupted files if any found. A corrupt file is unreadable, and so is undefined (neither HFileV1 nor HFileV2).
To run the check step, run
$ bin/hbase upgrade -check
. Here is sample output:
Tables Processed: hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/.META. hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/usertable hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/TestTable hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/t Count of HFileV1: 2 HFileV1: hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/usertable /fa02dac1f38d03577bd0f7e666f12812/family/249450144068442524 hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/usertable /ecdd3eaee2d2fcf8184ac025555bb2af/family/249450144068442512 Count of corrupted files: 1 Corrupted Files: hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/usertable/fa02dac1f38d03577bd0f7e666f12812/family/1 Count of Regions with HFileV1: 2 Regions to Major Compact: hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/usertable/fa02dac1f38d03577bd0f7e666f12812 hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/usertable/ecdd3eaee2d2fcf8184ac025555bb2af There are some HFileV1, or corrupt files (files with incorrect major version)
In the above sample output, there are two HFileV1 in two regions, and one corrupt file. Corrupt files should probably be removed. The regions that have HFileV1s need to be major compacted. To major compact, start up the hbase shell and review how to compact an individual region. After the major compaction is done, rerun the check step and the HFileV1s shoudl be gone, replaced by HFileV2 instances.
By default, the check step scans the hbase root directory (defined as hbase.rootdir in the configuration). To scan a specific directory only, pass the -dir option.
$ bin/hbase upgrade -check -dir /myHBase/testTable
The above command would detect HFileV1s in the /myHBase/testTable directory.
Once the check step reports all the HFileV1 files have been rewritten, it is safe to proceed with the upgrade.
After the check step shows the cluster is free of HFileV1, it is safe to proceed with the upgrade. Next is the execute step. You must SHUTDOWN YOUR 0.94.x CLUSTER before you can run the execute step. The execute step will not run if it detects running HBase masters or regionservers.
HDFS and ZooKeeper should be up and running during the upgrade process. If zookeeper is managed by HBase, then you can start zookeeper so it is available to the upgrade by running
$ ./hbase/bin/hbase-daemon.sh start zookeeper
The execute upgrade step is made of three substeps.
Namespaces: HBase 0.96.0 has support for namespaces. The upgrade needs to reorder directories in the filesystem for namespaces to work.
ZNodes: All znodes are purged so that new ones can be written in their place using a new protobuf'ed format and a few are migrated in place: e.g. replication and table state znodes
WAL Log Splitting: If the 0.94.x cluster shutdown was not clean, we'll split WAL logs as part of migration before we startup on 0.96.0. This WAL splitting runs slower than the native distributed WAL splitting because it is all inside the single upgrade process (so try and get a clean shutdown of the 0.94.0 cluster if you can).
To run the execute step, make sure that first you have copied hbase-0.96.0 binaries everywhere under servers and under clients. Make sure the 0.94.0 cluster is down. Then do as follows:
$ bin/hbase upgrade -execute
Here is some sample output
Starting Namespace upgrade Created version file at hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase with version=7 Migrating table testTable to hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase/.data/default/testTable ….. Created version file at hdfs://localhost:41020/myHBase with version=8 Successfully completed NameSpace upgrade. Starting Znode upgrade …. Successfully completed Znode upgrade Starting Log splitting … Successfully completed Log splitting
If the output from the execute step looks good, start hbase-0.96.0.
It will fail with an exception like the below. Upgrade.
17:22:15 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Not a host:port pair: PBUF 17:22:15 * 17:22:15 api-compat-8.ent.cloudera.com �� ���( 17:22:15 at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Addressing.parseHostname(Addressing.java:60) 17:22:15 at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ServerName.&init>(ServerName.java:101) 17:22:15 at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ServerName.parseVersionedServerName(ServerName.java:283) 17:22:15 at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterAddressTracker.bytesToServerName(MasterAddressTracker.java:77) 17:22:15 at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterAddressTracker.getMasterAddress(MasterAddressTracker.java:61) 17:22:15 at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnectionManager$HConnectionImplementation.getMaster(HConnectionManager.java:703) 17:22:15 at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin.&init>(HBaseAdmin.java:126) 17:22:15 at Client_4_3_0.setup(Client_4_3_0.java:716) 17:22:15 at Client_4_3_0.main(Client_4_3_0.java:63)
We used to think that 0.92 and 0.94 were interface compatible and that you can do a rolling upgrade between these versions but then we figured that HBASE-5357 Use builder pattern in HColumnDescriptor changed method signatures so rather than return void they instead return HColumnDescriptor. This will throw
java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor.setMaxVersions(I)V
.... so 0.92 and 0.94 are NOT compatible. You cannot do a rolling upgrade between them.
You will find that 0.92.0 runs a little differently to 0.90.x releases. Here are a few things to watch out for upgrading from 0.90.x to 0.92.0.
If you've not patience, here are the important things to know upgrading.
To move to 0.92.0, all you need to do is shutdown your cluster, replace your hbase 0.90.x with hbase 0.92.0 binaries (be sure you clear out all 0.90.x instances) and restart (You cannot do a rolling restart from 0.90.x to 0.92.x -- you must restart).
On startup, the .META.
table content is rewritten removing the table schema from the info:regioninfo
column.
Also, any flushes done post first startup will write out data in the new 0.92.0 file format, HFile V2.
This means you cannot go back to 0.90.x once you’ve started HBase 0.92.0 over your HBase data directory.
In 0.92.0, the hbase.hregion.memstore.mslab.enabled flag is set to true
(See ???). In 0.90.x it was false
. When it is enabled, memstores will step allocate memory in MSLAB 2MB chunks even if the
memstore has zero or just a few small elements. This is fine usually but if you had lots of regions per regionserver in a 0.90.x cluster (and MSLAB was off),
you may find yourself OOME'ing on upgrade because the thousands of regions * number of column families * 2MB MSLAB (at a minimum)
puts your heap over the top. Set hbase.hregion.memstore.mslab.enabled
to
false
or set the MSLAB size down from 2MB by setting hbase.hregion.memstore.mslab.chunksize
to something less.
Previous, WAL logs on crash were split by the Master alone. In 0.92.0, log splitting is done by the cluster (See See “HBASE-1364 [performance] Distributed splitting of regionserver commit logs”). This should cut down significantly on the amount of time it takes splitting logs and getting regions back online again.
In 0.92.0, ??? indices and bloom filters take up residence in the same LRU used caching blocks that come from the filesystem. In 0.90.x, the HFile v1 indices lived outside of the LRU so they took up space even if the index was on a ‘cold’ file, one that wasn’t being actively used. With the indices now in the LRU, you may find you have less space for block caching. Adjust your block cache accordingly. See the ??? for more detail. The block size default size has been changed in 0.92.0 from 0.2 (20 percent of heap) to 0.25.
Run 0.92.0 on Hadoop 1.0.x (or CDH3u3 when it ships). The performance benefits are worth making the move. Otherwise, our Hadoop prescription is as it has been; you need an Hadoop that supports a working sync. See ???.
If running on Hadoop 1.0.x (or CDH3u3), enable local read. See Practical Caching presentation for ruminations on the performance benefits ‘going local’ (and for how to enable local reads).
If you can, upgrade your zookeeper. If you can’t, 3.4.2 clients should work against 3.3.X ensembles (HBase makes use of 3.4.2 API).
In 0.92.0, we’ve added an experimental online schema alter facility (See ???). Its off by default. Enable it at your own risk. Online alter and splitting tables do not play well together so be sure your cluster quiescent using this feature (for now).
The webui has had a few additions made in 0.92.0. It now shows a list of the regions currently transitioning, recent compactions/flushes, and a process list of running processes (usually empty if all is well and requests are being handled promptly). Other additions including requests by region, a debugging servlet dump, etc.
We now ship with two tarballs; secure and insecure HBase. Documentation on how to setup a secure HBase is on the way.
A new cache was contributed to 0.92.0 to act as a solution between using the “on-heap” cache which is the current LRU cache the region servers have and the operating system cache which is out of our control. To enable, set “-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize” in hbase-env.sh to the value for maximum direct memory size and specify hbase.offheapcache.percentage in hbase-site.xml with the percentage that you want to dedicate to off-heap cache. This should only be set for servers and not for clients. Use at your own risk. See this blog post for additional information on this new experimental feature: http://www.cloudera.com/blog/2012/01/caching-in-hbase-slabcache/
0.92.0 adds two new features: multi-slave and multi-master replication. The way to enable this is the same as adding a new peer, so in order to have multi-master you would just run add_peer for each cluster that acts as a master to the other slave clusters. Collisions are handled at the timestamp level which may or may not be what you want, this needs to be evaluated on a per use case basis. Replication is still experimental in 0.92 and is disabled by default, run it at your own risk.
If an OOME, we now have the JVM kill -9 the regionserver process so it goes down fast. Previous, a RegionServer might stick around after incurring an OOME limping along in some wounded state. To disable this facility, and recommend you leave it in place, you’d need to edit the bin/hbase file. Look for the addition of the -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError="kill -9 %p" arguments (See [HBASE-4769] - ‘Abort RegionServer Immediately on OOME’)
0.92.0 stores data in a new format, ???. As HBase runs, it will move all your data from HFile v1 to HFile v2 format. This auto-migration will run in the background as flushes and compactions run. HFile V2 allows HBase run with larger regions/files. In fact, we encourage that all HBasers going forward tend toward Facebook axiom #1, run with larger, fewer regions. If you have lots of regions now -- more than 100s per host -- you should look into setting your region size up after you move to 0.92.0 (In 0.92.0, default size is now 1G, up from 256M), and then running online merge tool (See “HBASE-1621 merge tool should work on online cluster, but disabled table”).
This version of 0.90.x HBase can be started on data written by HBase 0.20.x or HBase 0.89.x. There is no need of a migration step. HBase 0.89.x and 0.90.x does write out the name of region directories differently -- it names them with a md5 hash of the region name rather than a jenkins hash -- so this means that once started, there is no going back to HBase 0.20.x.
Be sure to remove the hbase-default.xml
from
your conf
directory on upgrade. A 0.20.x version of this file will have
sub-optimal configurations for 0.90.x HBase. The
hbase-default.xml
file is now bundled into the
HBase jar and read from there. If you would like to review
the content of this file, see it in the src tree at
src/main/resources/hbase-default.xml
or
see ???.
Finally, if upgrading from 0.20.x, check your
.META.
schema in the shell. In the past we would
recommend that users run with a 16kb
MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE
.
Run hbase> scan '-ROOT-'
in the shell. This will output
the current .META.
schema. Check
MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE
size. Is it 16kb (16384)? If so, you will
need to change this (The 'normal'/default value is 64MB (67108864)).
Run the script bin/set_meta_memstore_size.rb
.
This will make the necessary edit to your .META.
schema.
Failure to run this change will make for a slow cluster [2]
.
[1] See Does compatibility between versions also mean binary compatibility? discussion on the hbaes dev mailing list.