8. Файлы
Пред. |  |

## 8. Файлы

Вот три файла, которые вам нужны кроме тех конфигурационных, что уже показаны выше.

Это скрипт `stage_1.sh`, который вы не должны модифицировать.

# This file: stage_1.conf.default, sourced by stage_1.sh. # # $Id: stage_1.conf.default,v 1.5 2011-05-14 20:44:31 hrs Exp $ # $FreeBSD: release/9.2.0/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default 38826 2012-05-17 19:12:14Z hrs $ # Root mount point where you create the new system. Because it is only # used as a mount point, no space will be used on that file system as all # files are of course written to the mounted file system(s). DESTDIR="/newroot" # Where your src tree is. SRC="/usr/src" # Where your obj is. MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX="/usr/obj" # Your kernel config name as from make buildkernel KERNCONF=... KERNCONF="HAL9000" # Your target architecture as used for make buildworld TARGET=... # If you did not specify a TARGET when building world, it defaulted # to the build architecture (run "uname -m" to find out if you are unsure). TARGET="i386" # amd64 arm i386 ia64 mips pc98 powerpc sparc64 # Available time zones are those under /usr/share/zoneinfo. TIMEZONE="Europe/Berlin" # # The create_file_systems function must create the mountpoints under # DESTDIR, create the file systems, and then mount them under DESTDIR. # create_file_systems () { # The new root file system. Mandatory. # Change DEVICE names. DEVICE=/dev/daXYZs1a mkdir -m 755 -p ${DESTDIR} chown root:wheel ${DESTDIR} newfs -U ${DEVICE} mount -o noatime ${DEVICE} ${DESTDIR} # Additional file systems and initial mount points. Optional. DEVICE=/dev/daXYZs1e mkdir -m 755 -p ${DESTDIR}/var chown root:wheel ${DESTDIR}/var newfs -U ${DEVICE} mount -o noatime ${DEVICE} ${DESTDIR}/var DEVICE=/dev/daXYZs1e mkdir -m 755 -p ${DESTDIR}/usr chown root:wheel ${DESTDIR}/usr newfs -U ${DEVICE} mount -o noatime ${DEVICE} ${DESTDIR}/usr } # # The create_etc_fstab function must create an fstab matching the # file systems created in create_file_systems. # create_etc_fstab () { cat <<EOF >${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/da0s1b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/da1s1b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/da2s2b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/da3s2b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/da0s1a / ufs rw,noatime 1 1 /dev/da0s1e /var ufs rw,noatime 1 1 /dev/da2s1e /usr ufs rw,noatime 1 1 /dev/vinum/Share /share ufs rw,noatime 0 2 /dev/vinum/home /home ufs rw,noatime 0 2 /dev/vinum/ncvs /home/ncvs ufs rw,noatime 0 2 /dev/vinum/ports /usr/ports ufs rw,noatime 0 2 /dev/ad1s1a /flash ufs rw,noatime 0 0 /dev/ad0s1 /2k ntfs ro,noauto 0 0 /dev/ad0s6 /linux ext2fs ro,noauto 0 0 # /dev/cd0 /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0 /dev/cd1 /dvd cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0 proc /proc procfs rw 0 0 linproc /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 0 EOF chmod 644 ${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab chown root:wheel ${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab } # # The copy_files function is used to copy files before mergemaster is run. # copy_files () { # Add or remove from this list at your discretion. Mostly mandatory. for f in \ /.profile \ /etc/devd.conf \ /etc/devd.rules \ /etc/exports \ /etc/group \ /etc/hosts \ /etc/inetd.conf \ /etc/ipfw.conf \ /etc/make.conf \ /etc/master.passwd \ /etc/nsswitch.conf \ /etc/ntp.conf \ /etc/printcap \ /etc/profile \ /etc/rc.conf \ /etc/resolv.conf \ /etc/src.conf \ /etc/sysctl.conf \ /etc/ttys \ /etc/mail/aliases \ /etc/mail/aliases.db \ /etc/mail/hal9000.mc \ /etc/mail/service.switch \ /etc/ssh/*key* \ /etc/ssh/*_config \ /etc/X11/xorg.conf \ /var/cron/tabs/* \ /root/.profile \ /boot/*.bmp \ /boot/loader.conf \ /boot/device.hints ; do cp -p ${f} ${DESTDIR}${f} done } # # Everything else you want to tune in the new system. # NOTE: Do not install too many binaries here. With the old system running and # the new binaries and headers installed you are likely to run into bootstrap # problems. Ports should be compiled after you have booted in the new system. # all_remaining_customization () { # Without the compat symlink the linux_base files end up on the root fs: cd ${DESTDIR} mkdir -m 755 usr/compat; chown root:wheel usr/compat; ln -s usr/compat mkdir -m 755 usr/compat/linux; chown root:wheel usr/compat/linux mkdir -m 555 usr/compat/linux/proc; chown root:wheel usr/compat/linux/proc mkdir -m 755 boot/grub; chown root:wheel boot/grub mkdir -m 755 linux 2k; chown root:wheel linux 2k mkdir -m 755 src; chown root:wheel src mkdir -m 755 share; chown root:wheel share mkdir -m 755 dvd cdrom flash; chown root:wheel dvd cdrom flash mkdir -m 755 home; chown root:wheel home mkdir -m 755 usr/ports; chown root:wheel usr/ports # Create the ntp and slip log files. touch ${DESTDIR}/var/log/ntp ${DESTDIR}/var/log/slip.log # Make /usr/src point to the right directory. Optional. # Note: some ports need part of the src tree, e.g. emulators/kqemu, # sysutils/lsof, sysutils/fusefs, ... cd ${DESTDIR}/usr if test "${SRC}" != /usr/src; then rmdir src; ln -s ${SRC} fi if test "${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}" != /usr/obj; then rmdir obj; ln -s ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX} fi # My personal preference is to symlink tmp -> var/tmp. Optional. cd ${DESTDIR}; rmdir tmp; ln -s var/tmp # Make spooldirs for the printers in my /etc/printcap. cd ${DESTDIR}/var/spool/output/lpd; mkdir -p as od ev te lp da touch ${DESTDIR}/var/log/lpd-errs # If you do not have /home on a shared partition, you may want to copy it: # mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/home # cd /home; tar cf - . | (cd ${DESTDIR}/home; tar xpvf -) } # vim: tabstop=2:expandtab:shiftwidth=2:syntax=sh: # EOF $RCSfile: stage_1.conf.default,v $

Скачайте `stage_1.sh`.

Это скрипт `stage_2.sh`. Вам может понадобиться изменить переменные в самом начале файла.

#!/bin/sh # # stage_1.sh - FreeBSD From Scratch, Stage 1: System Installation. # Usage: ./stage_1.sh profile # will read profile # and write ./stage_1.log.profile # # Author: Jens Schweikhardt # $Id: stage_1.sh,v 1.7 2008-12-11 19:48:21 schweikh Exp $ # $FreeBSD: release/9.2.0/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.sh 38826 2012-05-17 19:12:14Z hrs $ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin # Prerequisites: # # a) Successfully completed "make buildworld" and "make buildkernel" # b) Unused partitions (at least one for the root fs, probably more for # the new /usr and /var, to your liking.) # c) A customized profile file. if test $# -ne 1; then echo "usage: stage_1.sh profile" 1>&2 exit 1 fi # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Step 1: Create an empty directory tree below $DESTDIR. # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # step_one () { create_file_systems # Now create all the other directories. Mandatory. cd ${SRC}/etc; make distrib-dirs DESTDIR=${DESTDIR} TARGET=${TARGET} } # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Step 2: Fill the empty /etc directory tree and put a few files in /. # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # step_two () { copy_files # Delete mergemaster's temproot, if any. TEMPROOT=/var/tmp/temproot.stage1 if test -d ${TEMPROOT}; then chflags -R 0 ${TEMPROOT} rm -rf ${TEMPROOT} fi export MAKEDEVPATH="/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin" mergemaster -i -m ${SRC}/etc -t ${TEMPROOT} -D ${DESTDIR} cap_mkdb ${DESTDIR}/etc/login.conf pwd_mkdb -d ${DESTDIR}/etc -p ${DESTDIR}/etc/master.passwd # Mergemaster does not create empty files, e.g. in /var/log. Do so now, # but do not clobber files that may have been copied with copy_files. cd ${TEMPROOT} find . -type f | sed 's,^\./,,' | while read f; do if test -r ${DESTDIR}/${f}; then echo "${DESTDIR}/${f} already exists; not copied" else echo "Creating empty ${DESTDIR}/${f}" cp -p ${f} ${DESTDIR}/${f} fi done chflags -R 0 ${TEMPROOT} rm -rf ${TEMPROOT} } # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Step 3: Install world. # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # step_three () { cd ${SRC} make installworld DESTDIR=${DESTDIR} TARGET=${TARGET} } # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Step 4: Install kernel and modules. # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # step_four () { cd ${SRC} # The loader.conf and device.hints are required by the installkernel target. # If you have not copied them in Step 2, cp them as shown in the next 2 lines. # cp sys/boot/forth/loader.conf ${DESTDIR}/boot/defaults # cp sys/${TARGET}/conf/GENERIC.hints ${DESTDIR}/boot/device.hints make installkernel DESTDIR=${DESTDIR} KERNCONF=${KERNCONF} TARGET=${TARGET} } # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Step 5: Install /etc/fstab and time zone info. # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # step_five () { create_etc_fstab # Setup time zone info; pretty much mandatory. cp ${DESTDIR}/usr/share/zoneinfo/${TIMEZONE} ${DESTDIR}/etc/localtime if test -r /etc/wall_cmos_clock; then cp -p /etc/wall_cmos_clock ${DESTDIR}/etc/wall_cmos_clock fi } # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Step 6: All remaining customization. # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # step_six () { all_remaining_customization } do_steps () { echo "PROFILE=${PROFILE}" echo "TARGET=${TARGET}" echo "DESTDIR=${DESTDIR}" echo "SRC=${SRC}" echo "KERNCONF=${KERNCONF}" echo "TIMEZONE=${TIMEZONE}" echo "TYPE=${TYPE}" echo "REVISION=${REVISION}" echo "BRANCH=${BRANCH}" echo "RELDATE=${RELDATE}" step_one step_two step_three step_four step_five step_six } # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # The ball starts rolling here. # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # PROFILE="$1" set -x -e -u # Stop for any error or use of an undefined variable. . ${PROFILE} # Determine a few variables from the sources that were used to make the # world. The variables can be used to modify actions, e.g. depending on # the system's version. The __FreeBSD_version numbers # for RELDATE are documented in the Porter's Handbook, # doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/porters-handbook/freebsd-versions.html. # Scheme is: <major><two digit minor><0 if release branch, otherwise 1>xx # The result will be something like # # TYPE="FreeBSD" # REVISION="8.0" # BRANCH="RC" { "CURRENT", "STABLE", "RELEASE" } # RELDATE="800028" # eval $(awk '/^(TYPE|REVISION|BRANCH)=/' ${SRC}/sys/conf/newvers.sh) RELDATE=$(awk '/^[ \t]*#[ \t]*define[ \t][ \t]*__FreeBSD_version[ \t]/ { print $3 }' ${SRC}/sys/sys/param.h) echo "=> Logging to stage_1.${PROFILE}.log" do_steps 2>&1 | tee "stage_1.${PROFILE}.log" # vim: tabstop=2:expandtab:shiftwidth=2: # EOF $RCSfile: stage_1.sh,v $

Скачайте `stage_2.sh`.

Это мой файл `stage_3.mk`, который даст вам идею о том, как автоматизировать всю повторную конфигурацию.

# This file: stage_1.conf.default, sourced by stage_1.sh. # # $Id: stage_1.conf.default,v 1.5 2011-05-14 20:44:31 hrs Exp $ # $FreeBSD: release/9.2.0/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default 38826 2012-05-17 19:12:14Z hrs $ # Root mount point where you create the new system. Because it is only # used as a mount point, no space will be used on that file system as all # files are of course written to the mounted file system(s). DESTDIR="/newroot" # Where your src tree is. SRC="/usr/src" # Where your obj is. MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX="/usr/obj" # Your kernel config name as from make buildkernel KERNCONF=... KERNCONF="HAL9000" # Your target architecture as used for make buildworld TARGET=... # If you did not specify a TARGET when building world, it defaulted # to the build architecture (run "uname -m" to find out if you are unsure). TARGET="i386" # amd64 arm i386 ia64 mips pc98 powerpc sparc64 # Available time zones are those under /usr/share/zoneinfo. TIMEZONE="Europe/Berlin" # # The create_file_systems function must create the mountpoints under # DESTDIR, create the file systems, and then mount them under DESTDIR. # create_file_systems () { # The new root file system. Mandatory. # Change DEVICE names. DEVICE=/dev/daXYZs1a mkdir -m 755 -p ${DESTDIR} chown root:wheel ${DESTDIR} newfs -U ${DEVICE} mount -o noatime ${DEVICE} ${DESTDIR} # Additional file systems and initial mount points. Optional. DEVICE=/dev/daXYZs1e mkdir -m 755 -p ${DESTDIR}/var chown root:wheel ${DESTDIR}/var newfs -U ${DEVICE} mount -o noatime ${DEVICE} ${DESTDIR}/var DEVICE=/dev/daXYZs1e mkdir -m 755 -p ${DESTDIR}/usr chown root:wheel ${DESTDIR}/usr newfs -U ${DEVICE} mount -o noatime ${DEVICE} ${DESTDIR}/usr } # # The create_etc_fstab function must create an fstab matching the # file systems created in create_file_systems. # create_etc_fstab () { cat <<EOF >${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/da0s1b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/da1s1b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/da2s2b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/da3s2b none swap sw 0 0 /dev/da0s1a / ufs rw,noatime 1 1 /dev/da0s1e /var ufs rw,noatime 1 1 /dev/da2s1e /usr ufs rw,noatime 1 1 /dev/vinum/Share /share ufs rw,noatime 0 2 /dev/vinum/home /home ufs rw,noatime 0 2 /dev/vinum/ncvs /home/ncvs ufs rw,noatime 0 2 /dev/vinum/ports /usr/ports ufs rw,noatime 0 2 /dev/ad1s1a /flash ufs rw,noatime 0 0 /dev/ad0s1 /2k ntfs ro,noauto 0 0 /dev/ad0s6 /linux ext2fs ro,noauto 0 0 # /dev/cd0 /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0 /dev/cd1 /dvd cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0 proc /proc procfs rw 0 0 linproc /compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 0 EOF chmod 644 ${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab chown root:wheel ${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab } # # The copy_files function is used to copy files before mergemaster is run. # copy_files () { # Add or remove from this list at your discretion. Mostly mandatory. for f in \ /.profile \ /etc/devd.conf \ /etc/devd.rules \ /etc/exports \ /etc/group \ /etc/hosts \ /etc/inetd.conf \ /etc/ipfw.conf \ /etc/make.conf \ /etc/master.passwd \ /etc/nsswitch.conf \ /etc/ntp.conf \ /etc/printcap \ /etc/profile \ /etc/rc.conf \ /etc/resolv.conf \ /etc/src.conf \ /etc/sysctl.conf \ /etc/ttys \ /etc/mail/aliases \ /etc/mail/aliases.db \ /etc/mail/hal9000.mc \ /etc/mail/service.switch \ /etc/ssh/*key* \ /etc/ssh/*_config \ /etc/X11/xorg.conf \ /var/cron/tabs/* \ /root/.profile \ /boot/*.bmp \ /boot/loader.conf \ /boot/device.hints ; do cp -p ${f} ${DESTDIR}${f} done } # # Everything else you want to tune in the new system. # NOTE: Do not install too many binaries here. With the old system running and # the new binaries and headers installed you are likely to run into bootstrap # problems. Ports should be compiled after you have booted in the new system. # all_remaining_customization () { # Without the compat symlink the linux_base files end up on the root fs: cd ${DESTDIR} mkdir -m 755 usr/compat; chown root:wheel usr/compat; ln -s usr/compat mkdir -m 755 usr/compat/linux; chown root:wheel usr/compat/linux mkdir -m 555 usr/compat/linux/proc; chown root:wheel usr/compat/linux/proc mkdir -m 755 boot/grub; chown root:wheel boot/grub mkdir -m 755 linux 2k; chown root:wheel linux 2k mkdir -m 755 src; chown root:wheel src mkdir -m 755 share; chown root:wheel share mkdir -m 755 dvd cdrom flash; chown root:wheel dvd cdrom flash mkdir -m 755 home; chown root:wheel home mkdir -m 755 usr/ports; chown root:wheel usr/ports # Create the ntp and slip log files. touch ${DESTDIR}/var/log/ntp ${DESTDIR}/var/log/slip.log # Make /usr/src point to the right directory. Optional. # Note: some ports need part of the src tree, e.g. emulators/kqemu, # sysutils/lsof, sysutils/fusefs, ... cd ${DESTDIR}/usr if test "${SRC}" != /usr/src; then rmdir src; ln -s ${SRC} fi if test "${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}" != /usr/obj; then rmdir obj; ln -s ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX} fi # My personal preference is to symlink tmp -> var/tmp. Optional. cd ${DESTDIR}; rmdir tmp; ln -s var/tmp # Make spooldirs for the printers in my /etc/printcap. cd ${DESTDIR}/var/spool/output/lpd; mkdir -p as od ev te lp da touch ${DESTDIR}/var/log/lpd-errs # If you do not have /home on a shared partition, you may want to copy it: # mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/home # cd /home; tar cf - . | (cd ${DESTDIR}/home; tar xpvf -) } # vim: tabstop=2:expandtab:shiftwidth=2:syntax=sh: # EOF $RCSfile: stage_1.conf.default,v $

Скачайте `stage_3.mk`.

Пред. |  |
7. Ограничения | Начало |

Этот, и другие документы, могут быть скачаны с http://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.

По вопросам, связанным с FreeBSD, прочитайте документацию прежде чем писать в <questions@FreeBSD.org>.
По вопросам, связанным с этой документацией, пишите в рассылку <doc@FreeBSD.org>.