2. Typographic Conventions

This table describes the typographic conventions used in this book.

MeaningExamples
The names of commands.Use ls -l to list all files.
The names of files.Edit .login.
On-screen computer output.
You have mail.
What the user types, contrasted with on-screen computer output.
% date +"The time is %H:%M" The time is 09:18
Manual page references.Use su(1) to change user identity.
User and group names.Only root can do this.
Emphasis.The user must do this.
Text that the user is expected to replace with the actual text.To search for a keyword in the manual pages, type man -k keyword
Environment variables.$HOME is set to the user's home directory.

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