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NAME
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mogrify - mogrify an image
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Contents
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Synopsis
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mogrify [ options ... ] file ...
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Description
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Mogrify transforms an image or a sequence of images. These transforms
include image scaling, image rotation, color reduction, and others. Each
transmogrified image overwrites the corresponding original image, unless an
option such as
-format causes the output filename to be different from the input
filename.
The graphics formats supported by mogrify are listed in
GraphicsMagick(1).
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Examples
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To convert all the TIFF files in a particular directory to JPEG, use:
gm mogrify -format jpeg *.tiff
To convert a directory full of JPEG images to thumbnails, use:
gm mogrify -size 120x120 *.jpg -resize 120x120 +profile "*"
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In this example, '-size 120x120' gives a hint to the JPEG decoder
that the images are going to be downscaled to 120x120, allowing it to run
faster by avoiding returning full-resolution images to GraphicsMagick for
the subsequent resizing operation. The
'-resize 120x120' specifies the desired dimensions of the
output images. It will be scaled so its largest dimension is 120 pixels. The
'+profile "*"' removes any ICM, EXIF, IPTC, or other profiles
that might be present in the input and aren't needed in the thumbnails. |
To scale an image of a cockatoo to exactly 640 pixels in width and 480
pixels in height, use:
gm mogrify -resize 640x480! cockatoo.miff
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Options
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Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on
the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows,
until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop.
For a more detailed description of each option, see
Options, above.
GraphicsMagick(1).
| decrypt image with this password |
| blue chromaticity primary point |
| blur the image with a Gaussian operator |
| surround the image with a border of color |
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-charcoal <factor>
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| simulate a charcoal drawing |
| colorize the image with the pen color |
| preferred number of colors in the image |
| annotate an image with a comment |
| the type of image composition |
| the type of image compression |
| enhance or reduce the image contrast |
| convolve image with the specified convolution kernel |
| create output directory if required |
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-crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-}<y>{%}
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| preferred size and location of the cropped image |
| displace image colormap by amount |
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-debug <events>
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| add coder/decoder specific options |
| display the next image after pausing |
| horizontal and vertical resolution in pixels of the image |
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-despeckle
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| reduce the speckles within an image |
| specifies the X server to contact |
| apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image |
| annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives |
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-edge <radius>
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| detect edges within an image |
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-emboss <radius>
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| specify the text encoding |
| specify endianness (MSB or LSB) of output image |
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-enhance
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| apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image |
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-equalize
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| perform histogram equalization to the image |
| color to use when filling a graphic primitive |
| use this type of filter when resizing an image |
| use this font when annotating the image with text |
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-frame <width>x<height>+<outer bevel width>+<inner bevel width>
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| surround the image with an ornamental border |
| colors within this distance are considered equal |
| level of gamma correction |
| blur the image with a Gaussian operator |
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-geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-}<y>{%}{@} {!}{<}{>}
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| preferred size and location of the Image window. |
| direction primitive gravitates to when annotating the image. |
| green chromaticity primary point |
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-help
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-implode <factor>
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| implode image pixels about the center |
| the type of interlacing scheme |
| assign a label to an image |
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-lat <width>x<height>{+-}<offset>{%}
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| perform local adaptive thresholding |
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-level <black_point>{,<gamma>}{,<white_point>}{%}
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| adjust the level of image contrast |
| Disk, File, Map, Memory, or Pixels resource limit |
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-linewidth
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| the line width for subsequent draw operations |
| Specify format for debug log |
| add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation |
| choose a particular set of colors from this image |
| store matte channel if the image has one |
| specify the color to be used with the -frame option |
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-median <radius>
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| apply a median filter to the image |
| vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image |
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-monitor
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-monochrome
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| transform the image to black and white |
| replace every pixel with its complementary color |
| add or reduce noise in an image |
| transform image to span the full range of color values |
| change this color to the pen color within the image |
| apply a mathematical or bitwise operator to an image channel |
| output files to directory |
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-page <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-}<y>{%}{!}{<}{>}
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| size and location of an image canvas |
| (This option has been replaced by the -fill option) |
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-pointsize <value>
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| pointsize of the PostScript, X11, or TrueType font |
| add ICM, IPTC, or generic profile to image |
| JPEG/MIFF/PNG/TIFF compression level |
| lighten or darken image edges |
| random threshold the image |
| red chromaticity primary point |
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-region <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-}<y>
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| apply options to a portion of the image |
| Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution |
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-resize <width>x<height>{%}{@}{!}{<}{>}
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| roll an image vertically or horizontally |
| apply Paeth image rotation to the image |
| scale image using pixel sampling |
| chroma subsampling factors |
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-set <attribute> <value>
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-segment <cluster threshold>x<smoothing threshold>
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| shade the image using a distant light source |
| shave pixels from the image edges |
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-shear <x degrees>x<y degrees>
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| shear the image along the X or Y axis |
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-size <width>x<height>{+offset}
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| width and height of the image |
| negate all pixels above the threshold level |
| displace image pixels by a random amount |
| color to use when stroking a graphic primitive |
| swirl image pixels about the center |
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-texture <filename>
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| name of texture to tile onto the image background |
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-tile <filename>
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| tile image when filling a graphic primitive |
| make this color transparent within the image |
| tree depth for the color reduction algorithm |
| the units of image resolution |
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-unsharp <radius>{x<sigma>}{+<amount>}{+<threshold>}
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| sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator |
| print detailed information about the image |
| print GraphicsMagick version string |
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-view <string>
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| FlashPix viewing parameters |
| specify contents of "virtual pixels" |
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-wave <amplitude>x<wavelength>
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| alter an image along a sine wave |
For a more detailed description of each option, see
Options, above.
GraphicsMagick(1).
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Image Segmentation
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Use -segment to segment an image by analyzing the histograms of
the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the
fuzzy c-means technique. The scale-space filter analyzes the histograms
of the three color components of the image and identifies a set of classes.
The extents of each class is used to coarsely segment the image with thresholding.
The color associated with each class is determined by the mean color of
all pixels within the extents of a particular class. Finally, any unclassified
pixels are assigned to the closest class with the fuzzy c-means technique.
The fuzzy c-Means algorithm can be summarized as follows:
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Build a histogram, one for each color component of the image.
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For each histogram, successively apply the scale-space filter and build
an interval tree of zero crossings in the second derivative at each scale.
Analyze this scale-space "fingerprint" to determine which peaks or valleys
in the histogram are most predominant.
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The fingerprint defines intervals on the axis of the histogram. Each interval
contains either a minima or a maxima in the original signal. If each color
component lies within the maxima interval, that pixel is considered "classified"
and is assigned an unique class number.
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Any pixel that fails to be classified in the above thresholding pass is
classified using the fuzzy c-Means technique. It is assigned to one of
the classes discovered in the histogram analysis phase.
The fuzzy c-Means technique attempts to cluster a pixel by finding the
local minima of the generalized within group sum of squared error objective
function. A pixel is assigned to the closest class of which the fuzzy membership
has a maximum value.
For additional information see:
Young Won Lim, Sang Uk Lee, ``On The Color Image Segmentation
Algorithm Based on the Thresholding and the Fuzzy c-Means Techniques'',
Pattern Recognition, Volume 23, Number 9, pages 935-952, 1990.
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Environment
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COLUMNS
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| Output screen width. Used when formatting text for the screen. Many
Unix systems keep this shell variable up to date, but it may need to be
explicitly exported in order for GraphicsMagick to see it. |
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DISPLAY
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| X11 display ID (host, display number, and screen in the form
hostname:display.screen). |
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HOME
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| Location of user's home directory. GraphicsMagick searches for
configuration files in $HOME/.magick if the directory exists. See
MAGICK_CODER_MODULE_PATH, MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH, and
MAGICK_FILTER_MODULE_PATH if more flexibility is needed. |
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MAGICK_CODER_MODULE_PATH
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| Search path to use when searching for image format coder modules.
This path allows the user to arbitrarily extend the image formats
supported by GraphicsMagick by adding loadable modules to an arbitrary
location rather than copying them into the GraphicsMagick installation
directory. The formatting of the search path is similar to operating
system search paths (i.e. colon delimited for Unix, and semi-colon
delimited for Microsoft Windows). This user specified search path is used
before trying the default search path. |
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MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH
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| Search path to use when searching for configuration (.mgk) files.
The formatting of the search path is similar to operating system search
paths (i.e. colon delimited for Unix, and semi-colon delimited for
Microsoft Windows). This user specified search path is used before trying
the default search path. |
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MAGICK_DEBUG
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| Debug options (see -debug for details) |
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MAGICK_FILTER_MODULE_PATH
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| Search path to use when searching for filter process modules
(invoked via -process). This path allows the user to arbitrarily
extend GraphicsMagick's image processing functionality by adding loadable
modules to an arbitrary location rather than copying them into the
GraphicsMagick installation directory. The formatting of the search path
is similar to operating system search paths (i.e. colon delimited for
Unix, and semi-colon delimited for Microsoft Windows). This user
specified search path is used before trying the default search path. |
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MAGICK_HOME
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| Path to top of GraphicsMagick installation directory. Only observed
by "uninstalled" builds of GraphicsMagick which do not have their location
hard-coded or set by an installer. |
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MAGICK_MMAP_READ
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| If MAGICK_MMAP_READ is set to TRUE, GraphicsMagick
will attempt to memory-map the input file for reading. This usually
substantially improves read performance if the file has recently been
read. However, testing shows that performance may be reduced for files
accessed for the first time via a network since some operating systems
failed to do read-ahead over network mounts for memory mapped files. |
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MAGICK_MMAP_WRITE
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| If MAGICK_MMAP_WRITE is set to TRUE, GraphicsMagick
will attempt to memory-map the output file for writing. This is an
experimental feature (which is currently broken). Write performance is
usually somewhat worse when using this approach rather than the default
one. |
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MAGICK_IOBUF_SIZE
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| The amount of I/O buffering (in bytes) to use when reading and
writing encoded files. The default is 16384, which is observed to work
well for many cases. The best value for a local filesystem is usually the
the native filesystem block size (e.g. 4096, 8192, or even 131,072 for
ZFS) in order to minimize the number of physical disk I/O operations.
I/O performance to files accessed over a network may benefit
significantly by tuning this option. Larger values are not necessarily
better (they may be slower!), and there is rarely any benefit from using
values larger than 32768. Use convert's -verbose option in order
to evaluate read and write rates in pixels per second while keeping in
mind that the operating system will try to cache files in RAM. |
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MAGICK_LIMIT_DISK
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| Maximum amount of disk space allowed for use by the pixel cache. |
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MAGICK_LIMIT_FILES
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| Maximum number of open files. |
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MAGICK_LIMIT_MAP
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| Maximum size of a memory map. |
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MAGICK_LIMIT_MEMORY
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| Maximum amount of memory to allocate from the heap. |
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MAGICK_TMPDIR
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| Path to directory where GraphicsMagick should write temporary
files. The default is to use the system default, or the location set by
TMPDIR. |
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TMPDIR
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| For POSIX-compatible systems (Unix-compatible), the path to the
directory where all applications should write temporary files.
Overridden by MAGICK_TMPDIR if it is set. |
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TMP or TEMP
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| For Microsoft Windows, the path to the directory where applications
should write temporary files. Overridden by MAGICK_TMPDIR if it
is set. |
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Configuration Files
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Authors
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John Cristy,
Bob Friesenhahn,
Glenn Randers-Pehrson,
William Radcliff,
Leonard Rosenthol.
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Copyright
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Copyright (C) 2002 - 2010 GraphicsMagick Group, an organization
dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files
("GraphicsMagick"), to deal in GraphicsMagick without restriction,
including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of GraphicsMagick,
and to permit persons to whom GraphicsMagick is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of GraphicsMagick.
The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind,
express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement.
In no event shall GraphicsMagick Group be liable for any claim, damages
or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise,
arising from, out of or in connection with GraphicsMagick or the use or
other dealings in GraphicsMagick.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of the GraphicsMagick
Group shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale,
use or other dealings in GraphicsMagick without prior written
authorization from the GraphicsMagick Group.
Additional copyrights and licenses apply to this software. You should
have received a copy of Copyright.txt with this package, which describes
additional copyrights and licenses which apply to this software;
otherwise see http://www.graphicsmagick.org/www/Copyright.html.
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