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## org.apache.lucene.search
Class NumericRangeQuery<T extends Number>

    java.lang.Object
      org.apache.lucene.search.Query
          org.apache.lucene.search.MultiTermQuery
              org.apache.lucene.search.NumericRangeQuery<T>

All Implemented Interfaces:
  Serializable, Cloneable

    public final class NumericRangeQuery<T extends Number>

extends MultiTermQuery

A `Query` that matches numeric values within a specified range. To use this, you must first index the numeric values using `NumericField` (expert: `NumericTokenStream`). If your terms are instead textual, you should use `TermRangeQuery`. `NumericRangeFilter` is the filter equivalent of this query.

You create a new NumericRangeQuery with the static factory methods, eg:

     Query q = NumericRangeQuery.newFloatRange("weight", 0.03f, 0.10f, true, true);

matches all documents whose float valued "weight" field ranges from 0.03 to 0.10, inclusive.

The performance of NumericRangeQuery is much better than the corresponding `TermRangeQuery` because the number of terms that must be searched is usually far fewer, thanks to trie indexing, described below.

You can optionally specify a `precisionStep` when creating this query. This is necessary if you've changed this configuration from its default (4) during indexing. Lower values consume more disk space but speed up searching. Suitable values are between 1 and 8. A good starting point to test is 4, which is the default value for all `Numeric*` classes. See below for details.

This query defaults to MultiTermQuery.CONSTANT_SCORE_AUTO_REWRITE_DEFAULT for 32 bit (int/float) ranges with precisionStep ≤8 and 64 bit (long/double) ranges with precisionStep ≤6. Otherwise it uses MultiTermQuery.CONSTANT_SCORE_FILTER_REWRITE as the number of terms is likely to be high. With precision steps of ≤4, this query can be run with one of the BooleanQuery rewrite methods without changing BooleanQuery's default max clause count.

### How it works

See the publication about panFMP, where this algorithm was described (referred to as `TrieRangeQuery`):

> Schindler, U, Diepenbroek, M, 2008. Generic XML-based Framework for Metadata Portals. Computers & Geosciences 34 (12), 1947-1955. doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.023

A quote from this paper: Because Apache Lucene is a full-text search engine and not a conventional database, it cannot handle numerical ranges (e.g., field value is inside user defined bounds, even dates are numerical values). We have developed an extension to Apache Lucene that stores the numerical values in a special string-encoded format with variable precision (all numerical values like doubles, longs, floats, and ints are converted to lexicographic sortable string representations and stored with different precisions (for a more detailed description of how the values are stored, see `NumericUtils`). A range is then divided recursively into multiple intervals for searching: The center of the range is searched only with the lowest possible precision in the trie, while the boundaries are matched more exactly. This reduces the number of terms dramatically.

For the variant that stores long values in 8 different precisions (each reduced by 8 bits) that uses a lowest precision of 1 byte, the index contains only a maximum of 256 distinct values in the lowest precision. Overall, a range could consist of a theoretical maximum of `7*255*2 + 255 = 3825` distinct terms (when there is a term for every distinct value of an 8-byte-number in the index and the range covers almost all of them; a maximum of 255 distinct values is used because it would always be possible to reduce the full 256 values to one term with degraded precision). In practice, we have seen up to 300 terms in most cases (index with 500,000 metadata records and a uniform value distribution).

### Precision Step

You can choose any `precisionStep` when encoding values. Lower step values mean more precisions and so more terms in index (and index gets larger). On the other hand, the maximum number of terms to match reduces, which optimized query speed. The formula to calculate the maximum term count is:

      n = [ (bitsPerValue/precisionStep - 1) * (2^precisionStep - 1 ) * 2 ] + (2^precisionStep - 1 )

(this formula is only correct, when `bitsPerValue/precisionStep` is an integer; in other cases, the value must be rounded up and the last summand must contain the modulo of the division as precision step). For longs stored using a precision step of 4, `n = 15*15*2 + 15 = 465`, and for a precision step of 2, `n = 31*3*2 + 3 = 189`. But the faster search speed is reduced by more seeking in the term enum of the index. Because of this, the ideal `precisionStep` value can only be found out by testing. Important: You can index with a lower precision step value and test search speed using a multiple of the original step value.

Good values for `precisionStep` are depending on usage and data type:

- The default for all data types is 4, which is used, when no `precisionStep` is given.
- Ideal value in most cases for 64 bit data types (long, double) is 6 or 8.
- Ideal value in most cases for 32 bit data types (int, float) is 4.
- For low cardinality fields larger precision steps are good. If the cardinality is < 100, it is fair to use `Integer.MAX_VALUE` (see below).
- Steps ≥64 for long/double and ≥32 for int/float produces one token per value in the index and querying is as slow as a conventional `TermRangeQuery`. But it can be used to produce fields, that are solely used for sorting (in this case simply use `Integer.MAX_VALUE` as `precisionStep`). Using `NumericFields` for sorting is ideal, because building the field cache is much faster than with text-only numbers. These fields have one term per value and therefore also work with term enumeration for building distinct lists (e.g. facets / preselected values to search for). Sorting is also possible with range query optimized fields using one of the above `precisionSteps`.

Comparisons of the different types of RangeQueries on an index with about 500,000 docs showed that `TermRangeQuery` in boolean rewrite mode (with raised `BooleanQuery` clause count) took about 30-40 secs to complete, `TermRangeQuery` in constant score filter rewrite mode took 5 secs and executing this class took <100ms to complete (on an Opteron64 machine, Java 1.5, 8 bit precision step). This query type was developed for a geographic portal, where the performance for e.g. bounding boxes or exact date/time stamps is important.

Since:
  2.9
See Also:
  Serialized Form

Nested Class Summary

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class org.apache.lucene.search.MultiTermQuery
`MultiTermQuery.ConstantScoreAutoRewrite, MultiTermQuery.RewriteMethod, MultiTermQuery.TopTermsBoostOnlyBooleanQueryRewrite, MultiTermQuery.TopTermsScoringBooleanQueryRewrite`

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class org.apache.lucene.search.MultiTermQuery
`CONSTANT_SCORE_AUTO_REWRITE_DEFAULT, CONSTANT_SCORE_BOOLEAN_QUERY_REWRITE, CONSTANT_SCORE_FILTER_REWRITE, rewriteMethod, SCORING_BOOLEAN_QUERY_REWRITE`

Method Summary
`boolean` | `equals(Object o)`
`protected FilteredTermEnum` | `getEnum(IndexReader reader)` Construct the enumeration to be used, expanding the pattern term.
`String` | `getField()` Returns the field name for this query
`T` | `getMax()` Returns the upper value of this range query
`T` | `getMin()` Returns the lower value of this range query
`int` | `getPrecisionStep()` Returns the precision step.
`int` | `hashCode()`
`boolean` | `includesMax()` Returns `true` if the upper endpoint is inclusive
`boolean` | `includesMin()` Returns `true` if the lower endpoint is inclusive
`static NumericRangeQuery<Double>` | `newDoubleRange(String field, Double min, Double max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive)` Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `double` range using the default `precisionStep` `NumericUtils.PRECISION_STEP_DEFAULT` (4).
`static NumericRangeQuery<Double>` | `newDoubleRange(String field, int precisionStep, Double min, Double max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive)` Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `double` range using the given `precisionStep`.
`static NumericRangeQuery<Float>` | `newFloatRange(String field, Float min, Float max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive)` Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `float` range using the default `precisionStep` `NumericUtils.PRECISION_STEP_DEFAULT` (4).
`static NumericRangeQuery<Float>` | `newFloatRange(String field, int precisionStep, Float min, Float max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive)` Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `float` range using the given `precisionStep`.
`static NumericRangeQuery<Integer>` | `newIntRange(String field, Integer min, Integer max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive)` Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `int` range using the default `precisionStep` `NumericUtils.PRECISION_STEP_DEFAULT` (4).
`static NumericRangeQuery<Integer>` | `newIntRange(String field, int precisionStep, Integer min, Integer max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive)` Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `int` range using the given `precisionStep`.
`static NumericRangeQuery<Long>` | `newLongRange(String field, int precisionStep, Long min, Long max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive)` Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `long` range using the given `precisionStep`.
`static NumericRangeQuery<Long>` | `newLongRange(String field, Long min, Long max, boolean minInclusive, boolean maxInclusive)` Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `long` range using the default `precisionStep` `NumericUtils.PRECISION_STEP_DEFAULT` (4).
`String` | `toString(String field)` Prints a query to a string, with `field` assumed to be the default field and omitted.

Methods inherited from class org.apache.lucene.search.MultiTermQuery
`clearTotalNumberOfTerms, getRewriteMethod, getTotalNumberOfTerms, incTotalNumberOfTerms, rewrite, setRewriteMethod`

Methods inherited from class org.apache.lucene.search.Query
`clone, combine, createWeight, extractTerms, getBoost, getSimilarity, mergeBooleanQueries, setBoost, toString, weight`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

Method Detail

### newLongRange

    public static NumericRangeQuery<Long> newLongRange(String field,
                                                       int precisionStep,
                                                       Long min,
                                                       Long max,
                                                       boolean minInclusive,
                                                       boolean maxInclusive)

  Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `long` range using the given `precisionStep`. You can have half-open ranges (which are in fact </≤ or >/≥ queries) by setting the min or max value to `null`. By setting inclusive to false, it will match all documents excluding the bounds, with inclusive on, the boundaries are hits, too.

### newLongRange

    public static NumericRangeQuery<Long> newLongRange(String field,
                                                       Long min,
                                                       Long max,
                                                       boolean minInclusive,
                                                       boolean maxInclusive)

  Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `long` range using the default `precisionStep` `NumericUtils.PRECISION_STEP_DEFAULT` (4). You can have half-open ranges (which are in fact </≤ or >/≥ queries) by setting the min or max value to `null`. By setting inclusive to false, it will match all documents excluding the bounds, with inclusive on, the boundaries are hits, too.

### newIntRange

    public static NumericRangeQuery<Integer> newIntRange(String field,
                                                         int precisionStep,
                                                         Integer min,
                                                         Integer max,
                                                         boolean minInclusive,
                                                         boolean maxInclusive)

  Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `int` range using the given `precisionStep`. You can have half-open ranges (which are in fact </≤ or >/≥ queries) by setting the min or max value to `null`. By setting inclusive to false, it will match all documents excluding the bounds, with inclusive on, the boundaries are hits, too.

### newIntRange

    public static NumericRangeQuery<Integer> newIntRange(String field,
                                                         Integer min,
                                                         Integer max,
                                                         boolean minInclusive,
                                                         boolean maxInclusive)

  Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `int` range using the default `precisionStep` `NumericUtils.PRECISION_STEP_DEFAULT` (4). You can have half-open ranges (which are in fact </≤ or >/≥ queries) by setting the min or max value to `null`. By setting inclusive to false, it will match all documents excluding the bounds, with inclusive on, the boundaries are hits, too.

### newDoubleRange

    public static NumericRangeQuery<Double> newDoubleRange(String field,
                                                           int precisionStep,
                                                           Double min,
                                                           Double max,
                                                           boolean minInclusive,
                                                           boolean maxInclusive)

  Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `double` range using the given `precisionStep`. You can have half-open ranges (which are in fact </≤ or >/≥ queries) by setting the min or max value to `null`. `Double.NaN` will never match a half-open range, to hit `NaN` use a query with `min == max == Double.NaN`. By setting inclusive to false, it will match all documents excluding the bounds, with inclusive on, the boundaries are hits, too.

### newDoubleRange

    public static NumericRangeQuery<Double> newDoubleRange(String field,
                                                           Double min,
                                                           Double max,
                                                           boolean minInclusive,
                                                           boolean maxInclusive)

  Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `double` range using the default `precisionStep` `NumericUtils.PRECISION_STEP_DEFAULT` (4). You can have half-open ranges (which are in fact </≤ or >/≥ queries) by setting the min or max value to `null`. `Double.NaN` will never match a half-open range, to hit `NaN` use a query with `min == max == Double.NaN`. By setting inclusive to false, it will match all documents excluding the bounds, with inclusive on, the boundaries are hits, too.

### newFloatRange

    public static NumericRangeQuery<Float> newFloatRange(String field,
                                                         int precisionStep,
                                                         Float min,
                                                         Float max,
                                                         boolean minInclusive,
                                                         boolean maxInclusive)

  Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `float` range using the given `precisionStep`. You can have half-open ranges (which are in fact </≤ or >/≥ queries) by setting the min or max value to `null`. `Float.NaN` will never match a half-open range, to hit `NaN` use a query with `min == max == Float.NaN`. By setting inclusive to false, it will match all documents excluding the bounds, with inclusive on, the boundaries are hits, too.

### newFloatRange

    public static NumericRangeQuery<Float> newFloatRange(String field,
                                                         Float min,
                                                         Float max,
                                                         boolean minInclusive,
                                                         boolean maxInclusive)

  Factory that creates a `NumericRangeQuery`, that queries a `float` range using the default `precisionStep` `NumericUtils.PRECISION_STEP_DEFAULT` (4). You can have half-open ranges (which are in fact </≤ or >/≥ queries) by setting the min or max value to `null`. `Float.NaN` will never match a half-open range, to hit `NaN` use a query with `min == max == Float.NaN`. By setting inclusive to false, it will match all documents excluding the bounds, with inclusive on, the boundaries are hits, too.

### getEnum

    protected FilteredTermEnum getEnum(IndexReader reader)
                                throws IOException

  Description copied from class: `MultiTermQuery`
  Construct the enumeration to be used, expanding the pattern term.

  Specified by:
    `getEnum` in class `MultiTermQuery`
  Throws:
    `IOException`

### getField

    public String getField()

  Returns the field name for this query

### includesMin

    public boolean includesMin()

  Returns `true` if the lower endpoint is inclusive

### includesMax

    public boolean includesMax()

  Returns `true` if the upper endpoint is inclusive

### getMin

    public T getMin()

  Returns the lower value of this range query

### getMax

    public T getMax()

  Returns the upper value of this range query

### getPrecisionStep

    public int getPrecisionStep()

  Returns the precision step.

### toString

    public String toString(String field)

  Description copied from class: `Query`
  Prints a query to a string, with `field` assumed to be the default field and omitted.

  The representation used is one that is supposed to be readable by `QueryParser`. However, there are the following limitations:

  - If the query was created by the parser, the printed representation may not be exactly what was parsed. For example, characters that need to be escaped will be represented without the required backslash.
  - Some of the more complicated queries (e.g. span queries) don't have a representation that can be parsed by QueryParser.

  Specified by:
    `toString` in class `Query`

### equals

    public final boolean equals(Object o)

  Overrides:
    `equals` in class `MultiTermQuery`

### hashCode

    public final int hashCode()

  Overrides:
    `hashCode` in class `MultiTermQuery`

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