SYNOPSIS
ld86 [-03MNdimrstyz[-]] [-llib_extension] [-o outfile]
[-Ccrtfile] [-Llibdir] [-Olibfile] [-Ttextaddr]
[-Hheapsize] [-Ddataaddr] infile...
DESCRIPTION
This linker understands only the object files produced by
the as86 assembler, it can link them into either an impure
or a separate I&D executable.
The linking defaults are everything off or none except for
-0 and the output file is a.out. There is not a standard
library location defined in the linker.
OPTIONS
-0 produce header with 16-bit magic
-3 produce header with 32-bit magic
-d delete the header from the output file, used for
MSDOS COM files. As a side effect this also
includes -s as there's nowhere to put a symbol
table.
-Cx add file libdir-from-search/crtx.o to list of files
linked
-D data base address follows (in format suitable for
strtoul)
-H the top of heap (initial stack) address (in format
suitable for strtoul)
-Lx add dir name x to the head of the list of library
dirs searched
-M print symbols linked on stdout
-N Create a native Linux OMAGIC output file. If the
contents are i386 code the binary can be either
linked by GCC or executed by linux. If the -z
option is also included the linker can generate a
QMAGIC executable.
-Ox add library libdir-from-search/x to list of files
linked
-T text base address follows (in format suitable for
strtoul)
if possible.
-t trace modules being looked at on stdout
-y Alter the symbol tables to add label 'extensions'
so that labels with more than 8 characters can be
stored in elks executables.
-z produce "unmapped zero page" or "QMAGIC"
executables
All the options not taking an argument may be turned off
by following the option letter by a '-', as for cc1.
PREDEFINED LABELS
The linker predefines several labels that can be imported
into user programs.
__etext
Standard C variable for the end of the text
segment.
__edata
Standard C variable for the end of the initilised
data.
__end Standard C variable for the end of the bss area.
__segoff
The offset within the executable file between the
start of the text segment and the start of the data
segment in 16 byte 'paragraphs'. Note this is zero
for impure (tiny model) executables and is adjusted
for executables that don't start at offset 0 within
the segment.
__segXDL
The lowest address with data in segment 'X'. (eg
__seg0DL is for segment zero or the text segment,
__seg3DL is for the data segment) The value 'X' is
a hex digit.
__segXDH
The top of segment 'X's data area.
__segXCL
The bottom of segment 'X's 'common data' or
unitilised data area. Each segment has both an
initilised and unitilised data area.
__segXCH
The top of segment 'X's common area.
BUGS
The linker cannot deal with reverse seeks caused by org
instructions in the object file. Unlike previous versions
the current one traps the error rather than trying to fill
up the hard disk.
The linker produces a broken a.out object file if given
one input and the -r option this is so it is compatible
with pre-dev86 versions.
Apr, 1997 ld86(1)
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