4.18 PLATE NO.18 WITH 6 NODES

This is a curvilinear Serendipity Reissner- Mindlin plate element with square shape functions. The transformation is isoparametric. The integration is carried out numerically in both axises according to Gauss- Legendre. Consequently, the integration order can be selected in Z88I1.TXT in the material information lines. The order 3 (= 3 points) is mostly sufficient (reduced integration). This element calculates both displacements and stresses quite good. The integration order can be chosen again for the stress calculation. The stresses are calculated in the corner nodes (good for an overview) or calculated in the Gauss points (substantially more exactly). Area loads are defined in the appropriate material lines, file Z88I1.TXT , instead of Second moment of inertia RIYY. For this element you need to set the plate flag IPFLAG to 1. Attention: In contrary to the usual rules of the classic mechanics Z88 defines ThetaX the rotation around the X- axis and ThetaY the rotation around the Y- axis.

This element type is implemented for use with automeshers e.g. Pro/MECHANICA for the 3D CAD system Pro/ENGINEER by Parametric Technology. Thus, a mesh generation with Z88N is not possible, because this will make no sense. Use plates No.20 for the mesher Z88N.

Because plates No.20 compute both the deflections and the stresses more exactly than the curvilinear triangle plates No.18, you should prefer always plates No.20.

Input:

CAD : 1-4-2-5-3-6-1 , ref. chap. 2.7.2

Z88I1.TXT

> KFLAG for cartesian (0) or cylindrical coordinates (1)
> set plate flag IPFLAG to 1 (or 2, if you want to reduce the shear influence)
> set surface and pressure loads flag IQFLAG to 0 for your convenience. Then the entry of the pressure is done via the "Second moment of inertia RIYY", see below. If IQFLAG is set to 1, then the entry of the pressure is done via the surface and pressure loads file Z88I5.TXT
> 3 degrees of freedom for each node (w, ThetaX, ThetaY )
> Element type is 18
> 6 nodes per element
> Cross-section parameter QPARA is the element thickness
> "Second moment of inertia RIYY" is the area load
> Integration order INTORD per each mat info line. 3 is usually good. Possible is: 3 for 3 Gauss points, 7 for 7 Gauss points and 13 for 13 Gausspoints. For easy use with plate element No.20 (e.g. with Pro/ENGINEER), function SPLA88 of Z88 uses internally these values:
integration order 1 or 2 in Z88I1.TXT: 3 Gauss points
integration order 4 in Z88I1.TXT: 7 Gauss points
Example: Z88I1.TXT uses an entry of 2 for INTORD: Thus, plate elements No.20 use 2*2 = 4 Gauss points and plate elements No.18 use 3 Gauss points for integration.

Z88I3.TXT
> Integration order INTORD: Basically, it is a good idea to use the same value as chosen in Z88I1.TXT , but different values are permitted
0 = Calculation of the stresses in the corner nodes
1, 7, 13 = Calculation of the stresses in the Gauss points (e.g. 7 Gauss points) See note for Z88I1.TXT.

> KFLAG has no meaning

> Reduced stress flag ISFLAG:
0 = no calculation of reduced stresses
1 = von Mises stresses in the Gauss points ( INTORD not 0 !)
2 = principal stresses in the Gauss points (INTORD not 0!)
3 = Tresca stresses in the Gauss points (INTORD not 0!)

Z88I5.TXT

This file is optional and normally not used here because it is much more convenient to enter the pressure data for the plate elements into Z88I1.TXT in the section material informations. However, the possibility for entering the pressure loads by the surface and pressure loads file Z88I5.TXT, too, is implemented for universal use of this file. Then set IQFLAG to 1 and proceed as follows:

> Element number with pressure load

> Pressure, positive if poiting towards the edge

Results:

Displacements in Z (i.e. w) and rotations ThetaX around X- axis and ThetaY around the Y- axis.
Stresses: The stresses are calculated in the corner nodes or Gauss points and printed along with their locations. The following results will be presented:

- plate bending moments Mxx and Myy (unit: force x lenght / length)
- plate torsion moments Mxy = Myx (unit: force x length / length)
- the shear forces Qyz and Qzx (unit: force / length)
- the true stresses resulting from plate bending moments and plate torsion moments

Optional von Mises stresses
Nodal forces in X and Y for each element and each node.