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## Read-write splitting

The plugin executes read-only statements on the configured MySQL slaves, and all other queries on the MySQL master. Statements are considered read-only if they either start with SELECT, the SQL hint /*ms=slave*/, or if a slave had been chosen for running the previous query and the query starts with the SQL hint /*ms=last_used*/. In all other cases, the query will be sent to the MySQL replication master server. It is recommended to use the constants `MYSQLND_MS_SLAVE_SWITCH`, `MYSQLND_MS_MASTER_SWITCH` and `MYSQLND_MS_LAST_USED_SWITCH` instead of /*ms=slave*/. See also the list of mysqlnd_ms constants.

SQL hints are a special kind of standard compliant SQL comments. The plugin does check every statement for certain SQL hints. The SQL hints are described within the mysqlnd_ms constants documentation, constants that are exported by the extension. Other systems involved with the statement processing, such as the MySQL server, SQL firewalls, and SQL proxies, are unaffected by the SQL hints, because those systems are designed to ignore SQL comments.

The built-in read-write splitter can be replaced by a user-defined filter, see also the user filter documentation.

A user-defined read-write splitter can request the built-in logic to send a statement to a specific location, by invoking mysqlnd_ms_is_select().

> 注意:

> The built-in read-write splitter is not aware of multi-statements. Multi-statements are seen as one statement. The splitter will check the beginning of the statement to decide where to run the statement. If, for example, a multi-statement begins with SELECT 1 FROM DUAL; INSERT INTO test(id) VALUES (1); ... the plugin will run it on a slave although the statement is not read-only.

Load balancing
Filter
Concepts
PHP Manual