Wikipedia zh_min_nanwiki https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A2u-ia%CC%8Dh MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.23 first-letter Mûi-thé Tek-pia̍t Thó-lūn Iōng-chiá Iōng-chiá thó-lūn Wikipedia Wikipedia thó-lūn tóng-àn tóng-àn thó-lūn MediaWiki MediaWiki thó-lūn Pang-bô͘ Pang-bô͘ thó-lūn Pang-chān Pang-chān thó-lūn Lūi-pia̍t Lūi-pia̍t thó-lūn Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk 模組 模組討論 Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk Statue of Liberty 0 16022 3133167 556217 2022-08-09T02:08:00Z Xqbot 3423 Bot: Siu-chèng siang têng ê choán-ia̍h kòe [[Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] gat01iuts7q5bc2idd0jiz7zifamfdm 自由神像 0 19434 3133168 556216 2022-08-09T02:08:05Z Xqbot 3423 Bot: Siu-chèng siang têng ê choán-ia̍h kòe [[Thó-lūn:Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Thó-lūn:Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Gē-su̍t-phín]] soce4etadrnelcveewt65jbny6oiagl Sada Mayumi 0 24016 3133161 1526382 2022-08-09T01:16:01Z Mr.doudesyo 54131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[tóng-àn:SONY VAIO 佐田真由美.jpg|縮圖]] '''Sada Mayumi''' ([[Ji̍t-gí]]: {{lang|ja|佐田 真由美}}, {{bd|1977 nî|8 goe̍h 23 ji̍t}}) sī [[Ji̍t-pún]] [[Tang-kiaⁿ]] chhut-sin ê model, koa-chhiú, kiam ián-goân. {{stub}} [[Category:Ji̍t-pún cha-bó͘ ián-goân]] [[Category:Ji̍t-pún cha-bó͘ koa-chhiú]] [[Category:Ji̍t-pún model]] khauklzsx0lssge0d480mnqdf14j8ro Chū-iû Sîn-siōng 0 118606 3133162 555805 2022-08-09T02:07:35Z Xqbot 3423 Bot: Siu-chèng siang têng ê choán-ia̍h kòe [[Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] gat01iuts7q5bc2idd0jiz7zifamfdm Thó-lūn:Chū-iû Sîn-siōng 1 118607 3133169 555807 2022-08-09T02:08:10Z Xqbot 3423 Bot: Siu-chèng siang têng ê choán-ia̍h kòe [[Thó-lūn:Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Thó-lūn:Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] 3im7623pik6ijrjbnxnj5hjbg3t9f9g Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez 0 234048 3133099 1566683 2022-08-08T21:34:00Z CommonsDelinker 283 Replacing Pont_du_Diable_à_Vérine.jpg with [[File:Pont_du_Diable_à_Vérines.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · suivant cartographie locale). wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune | name = Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez | image = Pont du Diable à Vérines.jpg | image_caption = Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez ê kéng-sek | image_map = Map commune FR insee code 42256.png | map_caption = Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez só͘-chāi tē-tô͘ | image_flag = | image_shield = Blason ville fr Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez (Loire).svg | latd = 45<!-- keng-hūi-tō͘--> | latm = 29 | lats = 50 | longd = 4 | longm = 10 | longs = 2 | longEW = E | rég = [[Rhône-Alpes]] | dépt = [[Loire]] | nbca = | area = | pop = }} '''Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez''' sī ūi-tī [[Hoat-kok]] [[Rhône-Alpes]] [[Hoat-kok ê toā-khu|toā-khu]] [[Loire]] [[Département|séng]] ê chi̍t ê ''[[Hoat-kok ê commune|commune]]''. == Tē-lí == Tī Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez ê sì-ûi ū [[Boisset-Saint-Priest]], [[Bonson (Loire)|Bonson]], [[Chambles]], [[Chenereilles (Loire)|Chenereilles]], [[Périgneux]], [[Saint-Just-Saint-Rambert]], kap [[Sury-le-Comtal]] téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā. == Jîn-kháu == {| class="wikitable" ! Nî-tō͘ ! 1968 ! 1975 ! 1982 ! 1990 ! 1999 ! 2007 ! 2012 |- ! Jîn-kháu | 2,096 | 2,312 | 2,931 | 3,133 | 3,373 | 4,110 | 4,376 |- ! Bi̍t-tō͘ (jîn-kháu/km²) | 67.4 | 74.4 | 94.3 | 100.8 | 108.5 | 132.2 | 140.8 |} == Chham-khó == * {{cite web|title=Commune de Saint-Marcellin-en-Forez (42256) - Dossier complet|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/dossier_complet.asp?codgeo=COM-42256|accessdate=2016-05-24|work=INSEE}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Loire ê commune]] {{Loire-geo-stub}} c545htnm6hr9ngv9zdhfozycr281sim Tihany 0 449666 3133095 3126159 2022-08-08T21:29:38Z CommonsDelinker 283 Replacing Flag_Hungary_Village_Tihany.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Tihany.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Hungary place | name = Tihany | type = só͘-chāi | image = Tihany abbey.JPG | image_caption = Tihany ê kéng-sek | image_map = | map_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Tihany.svg | image_shield = Coat of Arms Tihany.png | latd = 46 | latm = 54 | lats = 40 | longd = 17 | longm = 52 | longs = 41 | comitaat = [[Veszprém (kūn)|Veszprém]] | kistérség = | area = | popu = 1440 | dens = 53 }} '''Tihany''' sī [[Magyar]] [[Veszprém (kūn)|Veszprém]] kūn ê chi̍t ê só͘-chāi . == Jîn-kháu == Chit ūi tī 2013 nî 1 goe̍h ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 1,358 lâng; kàu 2015 nî 1 goe̍h ê sî ū 1,369 lâng. == Liân-kiat == * [http://www.tihany.hu Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Magyar ê só͘-chāi]] {{Hungary-geo-stub}} 4k0zyu3outx76rioyay22zofd1mo5tl Pang-bô͘:Rail-interchange 10 477688 3133172 3129106 2022-08-09T06:16:16Z Wikijb 35187 fix the problem caused by the missing template "Ric" wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc: {{{1}}} }} | abudhabi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Line 1 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#DC241F}} | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|Line 2 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#0354A6}} | l3 ={{RouteBox|L3|Line 3 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#009530}} | l4 ={{RouteBox|L4|Line 4 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#FFD700}} }} | ace =[[File:ACE_arrows.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Altamont Corridor 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Berlin]] | f = [[File:Signet Fernverkehr VBB.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=DB Fernverkehr]] | ferry = [[File:Fähre-Logo-BVG.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Ferry transport in Berlin]] | metrotram= [[File:MetroTram.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | m1 | m2 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m8 | m10 | m13 | m17 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin S-Bahn]] | s1 | s2 | s25 | s26 | s3 | s4 | s41 | s42 | s45 | s46 | s47 | s5 | s6 | s7 | s75 | s8 | s85 | s86 | s9 | s10 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin)]] | s21 = [[File:Berlin S21.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=S21 (Berlin)#Former service]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | 12 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 27 | 37 | 50 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 67 | 68 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{{2}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | u|u-bahn = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin U-Bahn]] | u1 | u2 | u3 | u4 | u5 | u55 | u6 | u7 | u8 | u9 | u10 | u11 | u12 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin U-Bahn)]] | vbb = [[File:VBB-Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg|Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB)]] }} | bilbao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Bilbao.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bilbao metro}}}}}}]] | l1 | 1 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l2 | 2 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l3 | 3 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] }} | birmingham =[[File:MidlandMetroGenericSymbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Midland Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Midland Metro}}}}}}]] | blackpool =[[File:Blackpool Transport simple logo.png|{{{size|x20}}}px|link={{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}}}}]] | bonn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] | boston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA subway}}}]] | blue | green | orange | red | silver ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};"> [[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | boat =<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA Boat|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Boat {{{3|}}}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> | bus ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA bus}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA bus|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Bus&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | rail ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Commuter Rail}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}}}}]]</span>|[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}]] {{#if:{{{3|}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{{3}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{{3}}}}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{3}}}}} | dedham | lexington | millis =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Branch|{{white|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Branch}}]] | fairmount | fitchburg | franklin | greenbush | haverhill | lowell | needham =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Line|{{white|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Line}}]] | cape | capeflyer =[[CapeFLYER|{{white|CapeFLYER}}]] | central mass | central =[[Central Mass Branch|{{white|Central Mass Branch}}]] | framingham/worcester | framingham | worcester =[[Framingham/Worcester Line|{{white|Framingham/Worcester Line}}]] | newburyport/rockport | newburyport | rockport =[[Newburyport/Rockport Line|{{white|Newburyport/Rockport Line}}]] | north–south rail link | north–south =[[North–South Rail Link|{{white|North–South Rail Link}}]] | old colony lines | old colony =[[Old Colony Lines|{{white|Old Colony Lines}}]] | providence/stoughton | providence | stoughton =[[Providence/Stoughton Line|{{white|Providence/Stoughton Line}}]] | south coast rail | south coast | south =[[South Coast Rail|{{white|South Coast Rail}}]] }}&nbsp;</span>|}} }} }} | brampton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | zum =[[File:ZUM_logo.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link={{{link|Züm}}}]] }} | bremen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremer Straßenbahn|Bus]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Bremen|Tram]] | rs = [[File:Logo Regio S Bahn Bremen.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn]] | rs1 | rs2 | rs3 | rs4 = [[File:Bremen {{uc: {{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|alt={{{1}}}]] | s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | brightline =[[File:Brightlineicon.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Brightline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brightline}}}}}}]] | brisbane ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:QRLogoSmall.png|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Queensland Rail}}}]] }} | brussels ={{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{Ligne STIB|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-1|-1}}}} |[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Brussels Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brussels Metro}}}}}}]] }} | bucharest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] }} | budapest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:BKV m 1 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:BKV m 2 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:BKV m 3 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 4 =[[File:BKV m 4 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 4 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 5 =[[File:BKV h5 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 6 =[[File:BKV h6 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 7 =[[File:BKV h7 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 8 =[[File:BKV h8 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 9 =[[File:BKV h9 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | bus =[[File:BKV busz symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] | hév | hev =[[File:Budapest hev symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | metro =[[File:BKV_metro.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Budapest Metro}}}]] | night | nocturnal =[[File:BKK night line logo.svg|{{{size|16px}}}|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] <!-- | tram =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] | trolleybus =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] --> }} | buenos aires | buenosaires ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | =[[File:Subte gcba logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Buenos Aires Underground}}}]] | e2 | p | premetro =[[File:Línea P (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|PreMetro E2 (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | u | urquiza =[[File:Urquiza U 60px.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Urquiza Line (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | metrobus =[[File:Metrobus Buenos Aires logo.png|x{{{size|8}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | 9dejulio =[[File:Metrobus9dejulio.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 9 de Julio}}}]] | cabildo =[[File:Metrobuscabildo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Cabildo}}}]] | juanbjusto =[[File:Metrobusjuanbjusto.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Juan B. Justo}}}]] | sur =[[File:Metrobussur.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Sur}}}]] | 25demayo =[[File:Metrobus25deMayo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 25 de Mayo}}}]] | #default =[[File:Línea {{uc:{{{2}}}}} (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{uc:{{{2|}}}}} (Buenos Aires Underground)}}}]] }} | busan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan Metro}}}}}}]] | bgl | bugim =[[File:Busan-Gimhae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | donghae =[[File:Donghae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Donghae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Donghae Line}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | cahsr =[[File:California High Speed Rail.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CAHSR}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CAHSR}}}}}}]] | calgary ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ctrain =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTrain}}}]] | red ={{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Red}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Blue}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|G|{{{link|Green Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Green}}}} | max =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX (Calgary)}}}]] | orange ={{RouteBox|MO|{{{link|MAX Orange}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Orange}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MY|{{{link|MAX Yellow}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Yellow}}|#000000}} | teal ={{RouteBox|MT|{{{link|MAX Teal}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Teal}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MP|{{{link|MAX Purple}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Purple}}}} }} | caltrain =[[File:Caltrain roundel.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Caltrain}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Caltrain}}}}}}]] | canberra | au-act ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | metro | light rail ={{rail icon|Canberra Metro|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | r1 ={{rail color box|Canberra Metro|R1|inline=croute}} | r2 ={{RouteBox|R2|ACTION#R2|#f3b2db|#000000|bold=yes}} | r3 ={{RouteBox|R3|ACTION#R3|#ffdd00|#000000|bold=yes}} | r4 ={{RouteBox|R4|R4 (Canberra)|#0097ce|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r5 ={{RouteBox|R5|ACTION#R5|#dc2597|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r6 ={{RouteBox|R6|ACTION#R6|#76bc21|#000000|bold=yes}} | r7 ={{RouteBox|R7|ACTION#R7|#e07c00|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r8 ={{RouteBox|R8|ACTION#R8|#2d2a26|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r9 ={{RouteBox|R9|ACTION#R9|#97989a|#000000|bold=yes}} | r10 ={{RouteBox|R10|ACTION#R10|#aa182c|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | 59 ={{RouteBox|59||#99bbe3|#0055b8|bold=yes}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}||#0055b8|#ffffff|bold=yes}} }} | catalonia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fgc =[[File:FGC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fgctim =[[File:FGC TiM.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fvallvidrera =[[File:fvallvidrera.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vallvidrera Funicular}}}]] | nuria =[[File:Cremallera de Núria.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vall de Núria Rack Railway}}}]] | rdc =[[File:Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Rodalies de Catalunya}}}]] | r1 =[[File:R1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2 =[[File:R2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2n =[[File:R2N barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2s =[[File:R2S barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r3 =[[File:R3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R3 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r4 =[[File:R4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R4 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r5 =[[File:R5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r50 =[[File:R50 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r6 =[[File:R6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r60 =[[File:R60 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r7 =[[File:R7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R7 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r8 =[[File:R8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R8 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rg1 =[[File:RG1 girona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt1 =[[File:RT1 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt2 =[[File:RT2 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r11 =[[File:R11 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R11 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r12 =[[File:R12 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R12 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r13 =[[File:R13 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R13 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r14 =[[File:R14 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R14 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r15 =[[File:R15 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R15 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r16 =[[File:R16 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R16 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | s1 =[[File:S1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s2 =[[File:S2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s5 =[[File:S5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s55 =[[File:S55 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s33 =[[File:S33 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s4 =[[File:S4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s8 =[[File:S8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | tpc =[[File:TPC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Catalonia#Transport}}}]] }} | changchun ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway | rt = {{RouteBox|Subway|{{{link|Changchun Subway}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|#default}}}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|ap}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|bh}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|sy}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changsha ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 3 | 5 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|ml}}}} | metro =[[File:Changsha Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|Changsha Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changsha Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ChangzhouMetro.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | charleroi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |metro|#default=[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | chengdu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Chengdu Metro)|#{{rail color|Chengdu Metro|na}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Chengdu Metro icon.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{ric|Chengdu Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | chennai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Chennai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Metro}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue Line|Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Blue}} }} | green ={{RouteBox|Green Line|Green Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Green}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Chennai#Buses}}}]] | maa | airport =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai International Airport}}}]] }} | chicago ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- commuter rail --> | bnsf =[[BNSF Railway (Metra)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|BNSF}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em">BNSF</span>]] | hc =[[Heritage Corridor|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|hc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">HC</span>]] | mdn =[[Milwaukee District / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-N</span>]] | mdw =[[Milwaukee District / West Line|<span style="color: #25327b; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-W</span>]] | me =[[Metra Electric District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|me}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ME</span>]] | metra =[[File:Metramlogo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Metra}}}|alt=Metra]] | ncs =[[North Central Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|nc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NCS</span>]] | ri =[[Rock Island District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|ri}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">RI</span>]] | sws =[[SouthWest Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|sw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">SWS</span>]] | upn =[[Union Pacific / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-N</span>]] | upnw =[[Union Pacific / Northwest Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upnw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-NW</span>]] | upw =[[Union Pacific / West Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-W</span>]] <!-- rapid transit --> | l =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago "L"}}}]] | cta =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago Transit Authority}}}]] | pink = [[Pink Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Pink}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Pink</span>]] | red = [[Red Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Red}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Red</span>]] | orange = [[Orange Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Orange}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Orange</span>]] | yellow = [[Yellow Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Yellow}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Yellow</span>]] | green = [[Green Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Green}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Green</span>]] | blue = [[Blue Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Blue}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Blue</span>]] | purple = [[Purple Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Purple}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Purple</span>]] | brown = [[Brown Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Brown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Brown</span>]] | ats =[[Airport Transit System|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #ed1c23; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">ATS</span>]] }} | chongqing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | crt = <!-- [[File:CRT Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | csr =[[File:CSR Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|{{lc: {{{2|}}}}}|route|type={{{3|}}}}} | 3a ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Airport|Line 3 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#Airport branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|3|route|type=a}} }} | 6i ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Int'l Expo|Line 6 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#International Expo branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|6|route|type=i}} }} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} | cleveland =[[File:Cleveland RTA logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|GCRTA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|GCRTA}}}}}}]] | cologne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | cota =[[File:COTA alt logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | copenhagen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | m1 =[[File:M1 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M1 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:M2 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M2 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 3 | m3 =[[File:M3 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|City Circle Line}}}]] | 4 | m4 =[[File:M4 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M4 (Copenhagen)}}}]] |s =[[File:S-tog.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-train (Copenhagen)}}}]] |#default =[[File:S-train service {{{2}}}.svg|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|14}}px|link={{#if:{{{link|}}}|{{{link}}}|{{{2}}} (S-train)}}]] }} | ctfastrak =[[File:CTfastrak symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTfastrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CTfastrak}}}}}}]] | daegu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Daegu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Daegu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | dalian ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dalian Metro)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{uc: {{{2}}} }}|{{{link|Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }} (Dalian Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Dalian Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | dallas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m-line | mline | mata =[[File:M-Line Trolley logo.svg|M-Line Trolley|x16px|link={{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | lascolinas =[[File:Las_Colinas_APT_Logo.png|Las Colinas APT System|x18px|link={{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}}}}]] }} | dammam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} }} | dart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange |red ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;">[[{{{Title case|{{{2}}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{white|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}}}]]</span> |[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|<span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; vertical-align:text-top; width:0.8em; height:0.8em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}} | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Dallas Area Rapid Transit logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] }} | delhi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Metro}}}]] | airport | airport express | orange ={{RouteBox|Airport Express|Delhi Airport Metro Express|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Airport}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Blue}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|Grey{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Grey Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Grey}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|Green{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Green Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Green}}}} | magenta ={{RouteBox|Magenta{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Magenta Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Magenta}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|Pink{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Pink}}}} | red ={{RouteBox|Red{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Red Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Red}}}} | violet ={{RouteBox|Violet{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Violet}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Yellow}}}} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Delhi#Buses}}}]] }} | denver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |#default =<span style="display:inline-block; width:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} + 2}}px; height:{{{size|14}}}px; background-color:#{{rail color|RTD|{{{2}}}}}; border:1px solid white; border-radius: 3px; padding-top:2px; line-height:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 1}}px; text-align:center; ">&nbsp;[[{{{link|{{{2}}} Line (RTD)}}}|<span style="color:#fff; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; font-size:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 2}}px; white-space:nowrap; margin-left:{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|w|-3|-2}}px;">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> |g(old) | g (old) =<span style="display:inline-block; width:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} + 2}}px; height:{{{size|14}}}px; background-color:#{{rail color|RTD|G (old)}}; border:1px solid white; border-radius: 3px; padding-top:2px; line-height:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 1}}px; text-align:center; ">&nbsp;[[{{{link|R Line (RTD)#History}}}|<span style="color:#fff; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; font-size:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 2}}px; white-space:nowrap; margin-left:-2px;">G</span>]]&nbsp;</span> |rtd=[[File:Regional Transportation District logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=RTD Bus & Rail]] }} | detroit ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | dpm | detroit people mover =[[File:DPM_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Detroit People Mover]] | qline | q-line | q line | m1 | m-1 | m-1 rail =[[File:QLINE Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=QLine]] }} | doha ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 | m2 | m3 = {{rcb|Doha Metro|{{{2}}}|inline=route}} | m4 ={{RouteBox|M4|Blue Line (Doha Metro)|#0354A6}} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Red Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#DC241F}} | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|Green Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#009530}} | l3 ={{RouteBox|L3|Purple Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#9016B2}} | l4 ={{RouteBox|L4|Yellow Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#FFD700}} }} | dongguan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dongguan Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Dongguan Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =[[File:Dongguan Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16x16}}}px|link={{{link|Dongguan Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dongguan Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dongguan Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Dongguan Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | donostialdea ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro Donostialdea.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Donostialdea}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metro Donostialdea}}}}}}]] }} | dortmund ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Dortmund Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dortmund Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | dresden={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Dresden S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dresden S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | dublin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | dart =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dublin Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dublin Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | commuter =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dublin Suburban Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dublin Suburban Rail}}}}}}]] | luas | #default =[[File:Luas simple logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Luas}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Luas}}}}}}]] }} | dubai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 ={{RouteBox|M1|Red Line (Dubai Metro)|#DC241F}} | m2 ={{RouteBox|M2|Green Line (Dubai Metro)|#009530}} | m3 ={{RouteBox|M3|Purple Line (Dubai Metro)|#9016B2}} | m4 ={{RouteBox|M4|Blue Line (Dubai Metro)|#0354A6}} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Palm Jumeirah Monorail|#748477}} | t1 ={{RouteBox|T1|Dubai Tram|#01a0b1}} | t2 ={{RouteBox|T2|Dubai Trolley|#800000}} }} | duisburg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Duisburg Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Duisburg Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | düsseldorf ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Düsseldorf Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Düsseldorf Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | edinburgh =[[File:EdinburghTramsGeneric.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}}}}]] | edmonton ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ets =[[File:Edmonton Transit System logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edmonton Transit System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edmonton Transit System}}}}}}]] | capital =[[File:MtlMetro5.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Capital Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Capital Line}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Wayside Signal Red.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metro Line}}}}}}]] | valley =[[File:MtlMetro1.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Valley Line (Edmonton)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Valley Line}}}}}}]] }} | esfahan | isfahan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Esfahan Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Isfahan Metro}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | essen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Essen Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Essen Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | eurostar =[[File:Eurostar icon RDT.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Eurostar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Eurostar}}}}}}]] | euskotren ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tren =[[File:Euskotren Trena Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Trena}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Trena}}}}}}]] | tranbia =[[File:Euskotren Tranbia Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Tranbia}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Tranbia}}}}}}]] | autobusa =[[File:Euskotren Autobusa Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Autobusa}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Autobusa}}}}}}]] }} | fortworth ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tre =[[File:TRE logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}}}}]] | tex =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TEXRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TEXRail}}}}}}]] }} | foshan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} | n | nh | nanhai ={{RouteBox|Nanhai|Nanhai New Transit|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Foshan Metro)|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|gf}}}} | n | nh | nanhai ={{RouteBox|Nanhai|Nanhai New Transit|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|nh}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Foshan Metro)|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | frankfurt = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rmv = [[File:Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund logo.svg|{{{size|50}}}px|link=Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund|alt=Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV)]] | rail = [[File:Eisenbahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Rapid Transit]] | bus = [[File:Omnibus-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Bus]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Rhine-Main S-Bahn]] | tram = [[File:Straßenbahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Frankfurt am Main]] | u = [[File:U-Bahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Frankfurt U-Bahn]] | #default = {{ÖPNV Frankfurt|{{{2|}}}}} }} | fuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Hok-chiu Tē-thih {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Fuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Fuzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Fuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Fuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Hok-chiu Tē-thih {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Fuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | geneva ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Transports Publics Genevois}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Transports Publics Genevois}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Mouettes Genevoises Navigation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mouettes Genevoises Navigation}}}}}}]] }} | glasgow =[[File:Glasgow Subway.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}}}}]] | gotransit | got={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail | train={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:GO Lakeshore West logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:GO Lakeshore East logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:GO Milton logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:GO Kitchener logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:GO Barrie logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:GO Richmond Hill logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:GO Stouffville logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] | midtown | seaton | locust hill =[[File:Midtown line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Midtown corridor]] }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=GO Transit bus services]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} }} | [[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | granada ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Granada.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Granada metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Granada metro}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:L1 Metro de Granada.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Granada Metro}}}]] }} | greece = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | r = [[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|TrainOSE}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TrainOSE}}}}}}]] | s = [[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|26}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos}}}}}}]] }} | guangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | apm ={{RouteBox|APM|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | k | kc ={{RouteBox|Knowledge City|Knowledge City Line|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | 9 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | a | apm ={{RouteBox|APM|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|apm}}}} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|gf}}}} | gfm =[[File:Guangfo metro (symbol).png|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangfo Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangfo Metro}}}}}}]] | k | kc ={{RouteBox|Knowledge City|Knowledge City Line|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|kc}}}} | metro =[[File:Guangzhou Metro icon.svg|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|thz1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | guiyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:GuiyangMetro.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | gwangju ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | hamburg = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s-bahn| s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg S-Bahn]] | u-bahn| u = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg U-Bahn]] | bus = [[File:Hamburg Bus-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|Bus]] | db = [[File:Deutsche Bahn AG-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=List of railway stations in Hamburg]] | r = [[File:Regionalbahn Signet HVV.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r20 = [[File:Hamburg R20.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r50 = [[File:Hamburg R50.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | akn| a = [[File:HVV Logo AKN.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=AKN Eisenbahn]] }} | hamilton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | hsr =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Hamilton Street Railway}}}]] | go | got | gotransit ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | train | a | lakeshore west | rail =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=List of GO Transit bus routes]]}}} | #default =[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | lrt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | b =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{3}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} }} | hangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|1b}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | metro =[[File:Hangzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hannover | hanover = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Hanover S-Bahn}}}]] }} | harbin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Harbin Metro)|#{{rail color|Harbin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Harbin Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Harbin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Harbin Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Harbin Metro)|#{{rail color|Harbin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hartford =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Hartford Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hartford Line}}}}}}]] | hblr =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Hudson–Bergen Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hudson–Bergen Light Rail}}}}}}]] | hefei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | heilbronn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | stadtbahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | hk | hongkong ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | lightrail ={{ric|MTR Light Rail|{{{3|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | mtr ={{ric|MTR|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|MTR|{{{2|}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} | houston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:HoustonMetroLogoOnly.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County}}}]] | red =[[File:HoustonMetroRedLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|North/Red Line (METRORail)}}}]] | green =[[File:HoustonMetroGreenLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|East End/Green Line (METRORail)}}}]] | purple =[[File:HoustonMetroPurpleLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Southeast/Purple Line (METRORail)}}}]] }} | id ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) 2020.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Kereta Api Indonesia}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kereta Api Indonesia}}}}}}]] }} | incheon ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 = [[File:Incheon Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Incheon Subway Line 1}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Incheon Subway Line 1}}}}}}]] | 2 = [[File:Incheon Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Incheon Subway Line 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Incheon Subway Line 2}}}}}}]] }} | innsbruck ={{ÖPNV Innsbruck|{{{2|}}}}} | isleofwight ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | vectis =[[File:Southern Vectis diamond logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Southern Vectis}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Southern Vectis}}}}}}]] | wightbus =[[File:Wightbus yellow blue logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Wightbus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wightbus}}}}}}]] }} | istanbul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | b | banliyö =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Banliyö Treni line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =link={{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}}}}} | 2 =link={{{link|Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line}}}}}} | #default=link={{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}} }}]] | bus | metrobus | metrobüs =[[File:Istanbul Metrobus Official_Logo.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Istanbul)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metrobus (Istanbul)}}}}}}]] | f1 | f3 | f4 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Istanbul Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 | m1a | m1b | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 | m8 | m9 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m10 =[[File:Istanbul M10 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m11 =[[File:Istanbul M11 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m12 =[[File:Istanbul M12 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m13 =[[File:Istanbul M13 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M13 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M13 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | marmaray =[[File:Istanbul Line Symbol Marmaray.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Marmaray}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Marmaray}}}}}}]] | mm =[[File:Istanbul public transport - MM line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px]] <!-- Mini-Metro --> | t1 | t4 | t5 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul modern tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}}}]] | t2 =[[File:Istanbul T2 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | t3 =[[File:Istanbul T3 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | nt | nostaljik tramvay =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Nostaljik Tramvay symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}}}}]] | t | tunel | tünel =[[File:Istanbul F2 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Tünel}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tünel}}}}}}]] | tf | teleferik | gondola =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Teleferik line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =link={{{link|Maçka Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Maçka Gondola}}}}}} | 2 =link={{{link|Eyüp Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Eyüp Gondola}}}}}} }}]] | ferry =<!-- [[File:Istanbul Şehir Hatları logo.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Ferries in Istanbul}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ferries in Istanbul}}}}}}]] --> | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus icon blue.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İDO}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İDO}}}}}}]] }} | izmir ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | b | banliyo | banliyö | izban =[[File:Train-310470 640.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İZBAN}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İZBAN}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:ESHOT Genel Müdürlüğü Logo.jpg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|ESHOT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ESHOT}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Metroİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İzmir Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İzmir Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 =[[File: Stationsschild Izmir Metro.png |{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M1 (İzmir Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M1 (İzmir Metro)}}}}}}]] | t1 | karşıyakatram | karsiyakatram =[[File:Tramİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Karşıyaka Tram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T1}}}}}}]] | t2 | konaktram =[[File:Tramİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Konak Tram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | ferry | seabus =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İzdeniz}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İzdeniz}}}}}}]] }} | jaipur ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | metro =[[File:Jaipur Metro Logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Jaipur Metro}}}]] }} | jakarta ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | arl =[[File:Jakarta KRL A.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link}}}]] | b | central | red | bogor =[[File:Jakarta KRL B.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KAI Commuter Bogor Line}}}]] | c | bekasi | cikarang | blue =[[File:Jakarta KRL 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roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line (London Underground)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line (London Underground)}}}}}}]] | east london =[[File:East London line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|East London line#The London Underground era}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|East London line}}}}}}]] | fleet =[[File:Fleet line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Fleet line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Fleet Line}}}}}}]] | h&c =[[File:H&c line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Hammersmith & City line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hammersmith & City Line}}}}}}]] | w&c =[[File:W&c line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Waterloo & City line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Waterloo & City Line}}}}}}]] }} | losangeles ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrolink ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{4|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|Metrolink 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(California)|{{{3}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{4|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} Line {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|1|1}}|r| (Metrolink)|}}|{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}}|[[File:Metrolink icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolink (California)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metrolink (California)}}}}}}]]}} | lacmta ={{LACMTA link logo{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}showtext{{=}}yes|}}}} | {{LACMTA icon|{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}showtext=yes|}}}} }} | lyon ={{#switch:{{lc:{{{2}}}}} | bus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-bus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Lyon}}}]] | f | funicular =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-funi-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Funiculars of Lyon}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-metro-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon Metro}}}]] | t | tramway =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-tram-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon tramway}}}]] | tr | trolleybus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-cbus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybuses in Lyon}}}]] | {{RouteBox|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|F1|F2=Funiculars of Lyon|Lyon Metro Line {{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}|#{{rail color|Lyon Metro|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}}} }} | madrid ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | renfe =[[File:Madrid-MetroRENFE.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}]] | c | cercanias | cercanías =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-7 =[[File:C-7 red.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-8 =[[File:C-8 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-9 =[[File:C-9 orange.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-10 =[[File:C-10 lime.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | metro =[[File:MetroMadridLogoSimplified.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro}}}]] | #default =[[File:Madrid-MetroLinea{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | r | ramal =[[File:Madrid-MetroRamal.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Ramal (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | l | ligero =[[File:Stadtbahn Madrid Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero}}}]] | l1 | ml1 | ml-1 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-1}}}]] | l2 | ml2 | ml-2 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-2}}}]] | l3 | ml3 | ml-3 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-3}}}]] | bus | e | emt =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | u | urbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | i | interurbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | lr | largo | recorrido | largorecorrido =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | b | buho =[[File:MadridBusBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | ib | interurbanobuho =[[File:MadridBusInterurbanoBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | a =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaA.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b3 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] }} | malaga | málaga ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Logo metro málaga.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:MetroMalaga L1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 2 =[[File:MetroMalaga L2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] }} | manchester =[[File:Metrolink generic.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}}}}]] | manila ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lrt-1 | lrt1 | 1 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|1}} | lrt-2 | lrt2 | mrt-2 | mrt2 | 2 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|2}} | mrt-3 | mrt3 | lrt-3 | lrt3 | 3 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|3|inline=route}} | mrt-4 | mrt4 | 4 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|4|inline=route}} | lrt-5 | lrt5 | 5 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|5|inline=route}} | lrt-6 | lrt6 | 6 ={{rail color box|Manila LRT|6|inline=route}} | mrt-7 | mrt7 | 7 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|7|inline=route}} | mrt-8 | mrt8 | 8 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|8|inline=route}} | mrt-9 | mrt9 | 9 | mms ={{RouteBox|MMS|Metro Manila Subway|#{{rail color|Manila MRT|9}}}} | pnr | mc | orange = [[Image:Philippine National Railways (PNR).svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|PNR Metro Commuter Line}}}]] | nscr = {{RouteBox|NSCR|Philippine National Railways|#{{rail color|Philippine National Railways}}|black}} }} | marta =[[File:MARTA stripes logo.svg|{{{size|30}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | mashhad ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Mashhad Metro logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Mashhad Urban Railway}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | mecca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a ={{RouteBox|A|Line A (Mecca Metro)|#FFD700}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|Line B (Mecca Metro)|#009530}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|Line C (Mecca Metro)|#DC241F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|Line D (Mecca Metro)|#0354A6}} | s | shuttle ={{RouteBox|S|Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro Southern Line|#FFC0CB|#000000}} }} | medina ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Jeddah Metro)|#009530}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Jeddah Metro)|#0354A6}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Jeddah Metro)|#DC241F}} }} <!-- "melbourne" is an alias for "victoria" --> | mexicocity ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | mcm =[[File:Mexico City Metro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}}}}]] | tl =[[File:DFGGH.JPG|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}}}}]] | fs =[[File:Ferrocarril Suburbano.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:MetroDF Línea {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | miami ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrobus =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] | metromover =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metromover}}}|alt={{{alt|Metromover}}}]] | metrorail | #default =[[File:MDTMetro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] }} | minnesota ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] | blue =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Blue Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Blue Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | green =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Green Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | red =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Red Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Red Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | orange =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Orange Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Orange Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | southwest lrt|sw|southwest|lrt =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|southwest lrt}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Southwest LRT|{{white|Southwest LRT}}]]&nbsp;</span> | a =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro A Line (Minnesota)|{{white|A Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | b =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro B Line (Minnesota)|{{white|B Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | c =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro C Line (Minnesota)|{{white|C Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | d =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro D Line (Minnesota)|{{white|D Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | e =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro E Line (Minnesota)|{{white|E Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> }} | minsk ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Minsk_metro_logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Minsk Metro]] | 1 | maskowskaya =[[File:Minsk Metro First Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Maskowskaya line]] | 2 | awtazavodskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Second_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Awtazavodskaya line]] | 3 | zelenaluzhskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Third_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Zelenaluzhskaya line]] }} | mitteldeutschland = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland}}}]] }} | montreal ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:Exo.svg|24px|link={{{link|Exo (public transit)}}}]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | candiac | delson | delson-candiac =[[File:AMT_Candiac_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Candiac line]] | deux-montagnes =[[File:AMT_Deux-Montagnes_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Deux-Montagnes line]] | mascouche | repentigny-mascouche | repentigny =[[File:AMT_Mascouche_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mascouche line]] | mont-saint-hilaire =[[File:AMT_Mont-Saint-Hilaire_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mont-Saint-Hilaire line]] | saint-jerome | saint-jérôme | blainville | blainville-saint-jerome | blainville-saint-jérôme =[[File:AMT_Saint-Jérôme_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Saint-Jérôme line]] | vaudreuil | hudson | vaudreuil-hudson =[[File:AMT_Vaudreuil–Hudson_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Vaudreuil–Hudson line]] }} | metro = {{rail icon|Montreal Metro|{{lc: {{{3}}} }}|size={{{size|16}}}}} | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | express =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | night =[[File:STM Autobus Nuit.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | reserved =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | navetteor =[[File:STM Autobus NavetteOr.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | shuttle =[[File:STM Autobus Navette.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | 10min =[[File:STM Autobus 10Min.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | #default =[[File:Autobusmontréal.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] }} | rem ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] | #default =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] }} }} | mumbai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Suburban Railway}}}]] | nmm | navi | navi mumbai metro =[[File:NaviMumbaiMetro-Logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Navi Mumbai Metro}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Mumbai Metro Line 1 logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Metro}}}]] | mr | monorail =[[File:Mumbai MonoRail Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Monorail}}}]] }} | munich={{ÖPNV München|{{{2}}}|{{{size|12}}}}} | nagoya ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | h | higashiyama =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Higashiyama Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Higashiyama Line}}}]] | m | meijō | meijo =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meijō Line}}}]] | e | meikō | meiko =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meikō Line}}}]] | t | tsurumai =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Tsurumai Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tsurumai Line}}}]] | s | sakura-dōri | sakura-dori | sakuradori =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Sakura-dori Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakura-dōri Line}}}]] | k | kamiiida =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Kamiiida Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Kamiiida Line}}}]] | metro =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (black).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagoya Municipal Subway}}}]] }} | nanchang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | rt = <!-- [[File:NanChang Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | nanjing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Nanjing Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | nanning ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =<!-- [[File:Nanning Rail Transit.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}}}}]] deleted 13 August 2021 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | newcastle =[[File:TWMetro logo no text.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}}}}]] | newark =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}}}}]] | neworleans ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | stcharles | st-charles | 12 =[[St. Charles Streetcar Line|{{color box|Green}}]] | canal =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] [[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | canal-cemeteries | 47 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] | canal-city-park-museum | 48 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | riverfront | 2 | 02 =[[Riverfront Streetcar Line|{{color box|Blue}}]] | rampart-st-claude | loyola-rampart-st-claude | 49 =[[Rampart–St. Claude Streetcar Line|{{color box|Gold}}]] }} | newyork | newyorkcity | nycs | nycs-h = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | mta =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}}]] | lirr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Long Island Rail Road}}}]] | mnr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metro-North Railroad}}}]] | sir =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SIR-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|2016-2017|Std}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|15|20}}}}}px|link={{{link|Staten Island Railway}}}]] | airtrainjfk =[[File:AirTrain_JFK_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain JFK}}}]] | subway =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|New York City Subway}}}]] | #default =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 4d | 4x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-4d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="4" express train|link={{{link|4 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 5d | 5x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-5d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="5" express train|link={{{link|5 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 6d | 6x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-6d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="6" express train|link={{{link|6d (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 7d | 7x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-7d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="7" express train|link={{{link|7d (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 8 =[[File:8 (1967-1979 New York City Subway bullet).svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="8" train|link={{{link|8 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | ad | ax =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Ad{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="A" express train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | bd | bx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Bd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="B" express train|link={{{link|B (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | fd | fx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Fd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="F" express train|link={{{link|Fd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | j | z =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{{2}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|J/Z (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | mex =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|M brown|M-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=brown "M" train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | md | mx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|Md brown|Md-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="M" express train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | nd | nx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Nd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="N" express train|link={{{link|N (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | qd | qx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Qd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="Q" express train|link={{{link|Qd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | s | ss =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=shuttle train|link={{{link|S (New York City Subway service)}}}]]{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|s|[[Category:Pages using Rail-interchange with newyork-s]]<nowiki/>}} | sb | sblue =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|S blue|SR-Std-blue}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="A" Shuttle train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | sf | franklin =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | sr | rockaway =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | s42 | 42nd =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=42nd Street Shuttle|link={{{link|42nd Street Shuttle}}}]] | ssf =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SF{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | ssr =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SR{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | wd | wx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Wd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=W express train|link={{{link|W (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | jfk =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-JFK.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=JFK Express|link={{{link|JFK Express}}}]] }} | nictd =[[File:BSicon South Shore Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|South Shore Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|South Shore Line}}}}}}]] | ningbo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao Intercity Railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro = | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|fh}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity railway|#{{rail color|CRH|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | nizhny | nizhny novgorod ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:NNMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nizhny Novgorod 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County}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BCL</span>]] | glad | gladstone =[[Gladstone Branch|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Gladstone}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">GLAD</span>]] | main =[[Main Line (NJ Transit)|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Main}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MAIN</span>]] | mdw | meadowlands =[[Meadowlands Rail Line|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Meadowlands}}; border: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MDW</span>]] | mobo | montclair-boonton =[[Montclair-Boonton Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Montclair-Boonton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MOBO</span>]] | me | morristown =[[Morristown Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Morristown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">M&E</span>]] | njcl | north jersey coast line =[[North Jersey Coast Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|North Jersey Coast}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NJCL</span>]] | nec | northeast corridor =[[Northeast Corridor Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Northeast Corridor}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NEC</span>]] | pvl | pascack valley =[[Pascack Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Pascack Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PVL</span>]] | prin | princeton =[[Princeton Branch|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Princeton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PRIN</span>]] | rvl | raritan valley =[[Raritan Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Raritan Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">RVL</span>]] }} | nottingham =[[File:NET notext logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}}}}]] | nuremberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo-Nürnberg.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg|Bus]] | r | r-bahn = [[File:Logo R-Bahn VGN.PNG|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg|R-Bahn]] | s | s-bahn = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 = [[File:Nürnberg S{{{3}}}.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=S{{{3}}} (Nuremberg)|S{{{3}}}]] | #default = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Nuremberg S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | t | tram={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 = [[File:Nürnberg T{{{3}}}.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Nuremberg|Nuremberg tramway]] | #default = [[File:Tram Nürnberg Logo.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Nuremberg|Nuremberg tramway]] }} | u | u-bahn={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 21 = [[File:Nürnberg U{{{3}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=U{{{3}}} (Nuremberg U-Bahn)|U{{{3}}}]] | #default = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Nuremberg U-Bahn|U-Bahn]] }} }} | orlando ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lynx =[[File:LYNX Transportation Logo (Symbol Only).svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Lynx (Orlando)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lynx (Orlando)}}}}}}]]}} | osaka ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Osaka Metro logo 2.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Osaka Metro}}}]] | 1 | m | midosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Midosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Midōsuji Line}}}]] | 2 | t | tanimachi =[[File:Osaka Metro Tanimachi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tanimachi Line}}}]] | 3 | y | yotsubashi =[[File:Osaka Metro Yotsubashi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Yotsubashi Line}}}]] | 4 | c | chuo =[[File:Osaka Metro Chuo line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chūō Line (Osaka)}}}]] | 5 | s | sennichimae =[[File:Osaka Metro Sennichimae line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sennichimae Line}}}]] | 6 | k | sakaisuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Sakaisuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakaisuji Line}}}]] | 7 | n | nagahori =[[File:Osaka Metro Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line}}}]] | 8 | i | imazatosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Imazatosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Imazatosuji Line}}}]] | p | nanko =[[File:Osaka Metro Nanko Port Town line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nankō Port Town Line}}}]] }} | oslo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram = [[File:Oslo_Tramway_Piktogram.svg|15px|link=Trams in Oslo]] | 11 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 19 = [[File:Oslo Tramway new {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Oslo#Line {{{2}}}}}}]] }} | ottawa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | otrain ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | #default =[[File:O-Train icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=O-Train]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trillium | 2 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] }} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trillium | 2 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] | transitway =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Transitway (Ottawa)]] | bus =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=List of OC Transpo routes]] | octranspo =[[File:OC Transpo logo.svg|{{{size|72}}}px|link=OC Transpo]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | confederationbig | 1big =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line - with border.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trilliumbig | 2big =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line - with border.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] }} | palma ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Palma.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Palma Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 | m1 =[[File:Metro Palma M1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:Metro Palma M2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}]] | cercanias | sfm =[[File:SFM.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t1 =[[File:SFM T1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t2 =[[File:SFM T2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de 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Train{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{uc:{{{3}}}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Transilien {{#switch:{{lc:{{{3}}}}} | h|k =Paris – Nord | j|l =Paris – Saint-Lazare | n =Paris – Montparnasse | p =Paris – Est | r =Paris – Lyon | u =Line U }}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Transilien {{#switch:{{uc:{{{3}}}}} | h|k =Paris – Nord | j|l =Paris – Saint-Lazare | n =Paris – Montparnasse | p =Paris – Est | r =Paris – Lyon | u =Line U }}}}}}}}]] | a =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|}}}}}}]] | b | bus =[[File:Paris transit icons - Bus.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}}}}]] | c | cdgval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CDGVAL}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CDGVAL}}}}}}]] | g | gdslignes =[[File:Paris logo gdslignes jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SNCF}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SNCF}}}}}}]] | mo | montmartre =[[File:Paris logo montmartre jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}}}}]] | n | noctilien =[[File:Paris logo noctilien jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Noctilien}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Noctilien}}}}}}]] | o | orlyval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orlyval}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Orlyval}}}}}}]] | te | ter =[[File:Paris logo ter jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TER}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TER}}}}}}]] }} | path ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:PATH logo white.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:PATH logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] }} | perc | pery =[[File:PE Bolt.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pacific Electric}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pacific Electric}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{2|{{{showtext|}}}}}}|[[Pacific Electric]]|}} | perth ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus transfer}}}}}}]] | circle =[[File:CircleRoute icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CircleRoute}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CircleRoute}}}}}}]] | event =[[File:Transperth special event.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Special event station}}}}}}]] | indian =[[File:Indian Pacific icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Indian Pacific}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Indian Pacific}}}}}}]] | train | transperth ={{ric|Transperth|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transperth|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | philadelphia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- transit --> | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | septa-old =[[File:SEPTA_logo_1970s.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | bsl | broad street =[[Broad Street Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BSL</span>]] | brs | spur | ridge spur =[[Broad Street Line#Broad–Ridge Spur|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BRS</span>]] | mfl | market-frankford =[[Market–Frankford Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|market–frankford}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MFL</span>]] | nhsl | norristown high speed line =[[Norristown High Speed Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|nhsl}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NHSL</span>]] | patco =[[PATCO Speedline|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|PATCO}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PATCO</span>]] <!-- regional rail --> | air =[[Airport Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Airport}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">AIR</span>]] | che =[[Chestnut Hill East Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill East}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHE</span>]] | chw =[[Chestnut Hill West Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill West}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHW</span>]] | cyn =[[Cynwyd Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Cynwyd}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CYN</span>]] | gln =[[SEPTA Main Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Glenside}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">GLN</span>]] | fxc | fox =[[Fox Chase Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Fox Chase}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">FOX</span>]] | doy =[[Lansdale/Doylestown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|doylestown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">DOY</span>]] | nor =[[Manayunk/Norristown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|norristown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NOR</span>]] | elw =[[Media/Elwyn Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Media/Elwyn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ELW</span>]] | tho =[[Paoli/Thorndale Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Paoli/Thorndale}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">THO</span>]] | tre =[[Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">TRE</span>]] | war =[[Warminster Line|<span style="color: black; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Warminster}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WAR</span>]] | wtr =[[West Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|West Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WTR</span>]] | nwk =[[Wilmington/Newark Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Wilmington/Newark}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NWK</span>]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|SEPTA Route {{{2}}} }}}|#{{rail color|SEPTA|{{{2}}}}} }} }} | pittsburgh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo) white.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo).svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] }} | portland ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange | red | yellow = {{ric|TriMet|{{{2}}}|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}}}}}} | a | b | ns = {{rcb|Portland Streetcar|{{{2}}}|inline=route}} | wes =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link| WES Commuter Rail}}}}}}]] | max = {{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}}}}}} | streetcar = {{ric|Portland Streetcar|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}}}}}} | trimet | #default ={{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TriMet}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TriMet}}}}}}}} }} | porto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:PortoMetro.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] | funicular =[[File:Logo_funicular_2.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Metro do Porto linha {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] }} | prague ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | esko|e =[[File:Prag Esko Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Esko Prague}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Prague Esko}}}}}}]] | #default =[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Prague Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-size: {{{size|12}}}px; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 3px 0 3px">{{{2}}}</span>]] {{#if:{{{3|{{{text|}}}}}}|<span style="font-size: {{#if:{{{4|{{{small|}}}}}}|85|100}}%;">[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|Line {{{2}}}]]</span>|}} }} | qingdao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Qingdao Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | qom ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | rhine-neckar ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | rhine-ruhr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | riyadh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Riyadh Metro)|#0354A6}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Riyadh Metro)|#DC241F}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Riyadh Metro)|#FF9A00}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Riyadh Metro)|#FFD700}} | 5 ={{RouteBox|5|Line 5 (Riyadh Metro)|#009530}} | 6 ={{RouteBox|6|Line 6 (Riyadh Metro)|#9016B2}} }} | riodejaneiro ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metrorioicon.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Metro}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FF8500|black}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio de Janeiro)|#00AE27}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FFC400|black}} | sv =[[File:Logo da SuperVia.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SuperVia}}}]] | lrt =[[File:Vlt carioca logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Light Rail}}}]] | 1l ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio LRT)|#0D73B9}} | 2l ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio LRT)|#008000}} | 3l ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Rio LRT)|#F1C232|black}} }} | rostock ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = {{ric|Rostock S-Bahn|size=x{{{size|12}}}px}} |s1|s2|s3 = {{rcb|Rostock S-Bahn|{{{2}}}|croute}} |tram = [[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Rostock}}}]] }} | rotterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:RET metro logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rotterdam Metro}}}]] | a ={{RouteBox|A|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line A}}}|#00AA50}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line B}}}|#FFD301|black}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line C}}}|#EF1F1F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line D}}}|#1BC5E9}} | e ={{RouteBox|E|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line E}}}|#1A389A}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 3}}}|#A9218E}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 4}}}|#F4901D}} }} | sacramento =[[File:Sacramento_Regional_Transit.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}}}}]] | saintlouis | stlouis = [[File:St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}}}}]] | saintpetersburg | stpetersburg = [[File:Spb metro line{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Line {{{2}}} (Saint Petersburg Metro)]] | salzburg={{ÖPNV Salzburg|{{{2|}}}}} | sandiego ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:MTS_Bus_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of bus routes in San Diego}}}]] | coaster =[[File:Coaster_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Coaster (commuter rail)}}}]] | sprinter =[[File:Sprinter San Diego.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sprinter (light rail)}}}]] | trolley =[[File:MTS_Trolley_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|San Diego Trolley}}}]] | blue | b =[[File:San Diego Trolley Blue Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | orange | o =[[File:San Diego Trolley Orange Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | green | g =[[File:San Diego Trolley Green Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | silver | s =[[File:San Diego Trolley Silver Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Silver Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{3|{{{showtext|}}}}}}|&nbsp;[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|1|1}}|b=Blue|g=Green|o=Orange|s=Silver}} Line (San Diego Trolley)|{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|1|1}}|b=Blue|g=Green|o=Orange|s=Silver}} Line]] }} | sanfrancisco ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | muni =[[File:BSicon LOGO SFmuni.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|San Francisco Municipal Railway}}}]] | metro =[[File:BSicon LOGO SFmuni.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Muni Metro}}}]] | e =[[File:E Embarcadero logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|E Embarcadero}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|E Embarcadero}}}}}}]] | f =[[File:F Market & Wharves logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|F Market & Wharves}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|F Market & Wharves}}}}}}]] | j =[[File:J Church logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|J Church}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|J Church}}}}}}]] | k =[[File:K Ingleside logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|K Ingleside}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|K Ingleside}}}}}}]] | l =[[File:L Taraval logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|L Taraval}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|L Taraval}}}}}}]] | m =[[File:M Ocean View logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|M Ocean View}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M Ocean View}}}}}}]] | n =[[File:N Judah logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|N Judah}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|N Judah}}}}}}]] | s =[[File:S Shuttle logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|S Shuttle}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|S Shuttle}}}}}}]] | t =[[File:T Third Street logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|T Third Street}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|T Third Street}}}}}}]] | cable =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|San Francisco cable car system}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | california =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|California Street line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | powell-hyde | hyde =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Powell-Hyde line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | powell-mason | mason =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Powell-Mason line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] }} | santaclara ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue =[[File:VTA-Blue-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blue Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | green =[[File:VTA-Green-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Green Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | orange =[[File:VTA-Orange-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Orange Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon LOGO SCvta.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Santa Clara VTA}}}}}}]] }} | santiago ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Santiago Metro logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L1.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 1}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L2.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 2}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 3}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L4.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 4}}}]] | 4a =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L4A.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 4A}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 5}}}]] | 6 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 6}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L7.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 7}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L8.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 8}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L9.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 9}}}]] }} | saopaulo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metrô-SP icon.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|São Paulo Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Spmetro 1.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Spmetro 2.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Spmetro 3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Spmetro 4.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 4 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Spmetro 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 5 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 6 =[[File:L06 C.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 6 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 15 =[[File:Spmetro 15.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 15 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 16 ={{RouteBox|16|Line 16 (São Paulo Metro)|#8F00FF}} | 17 =[[File:L17 C.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 17 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 18 ={{RouteBox|18|Line 18 (São Paulo Metro)|#964b00}} | 19 ={{RouteBox|19|Line 19 (São Paulo Metro)|#0099cc}} | 20 ={{RouteBox|20|Line 20 (São Paulo Metro)|#ff3366}} | cptm =[[File:Cptmsymbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Cptm 7.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 7 (CPTM)}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Cptm 8.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 8 (CPTM)}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Cptm 9.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 9 (CPTM)}}}]] | 10 =[[File:Cptm 10.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 10 (CPTM)}}}]] | 10+ ={{RouteBox|10+|Line 10 (CPTM)|#0088B0}} | 10E | 10e ={{RouteBox|10E|Line 10 (CPTM)|#0088B0}} | 11 =[[File:Cptm 11.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 11 (CPTM)}}}]] | 12 =[[File:Cptm 12.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 12 (CPTM)}}}]] | 13 =[[File:Cptm 13.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (CPTM)}}}]] | 13AC | 13ac | ac ={{RouteBox|AC|Line 13 (CPTM)|#8FFF1F|black}} | 13AE | 13ae | ae =[[File:Spairportexpress.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 14 ={{RouteBox|14|Line 14 (CPTM)|#0A1013}} | emtu | EMTU =[[File:Spemtusymbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo}}}]] }} | sapporo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ST Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Sapporo Municipal Subway}}}]] | n | namboku =[[File:Subway SapporoNamboku.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Namboku Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Namboku Line}}}]] | t | tozai |tōzai =[[File:Subway SapporoTozai.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōzai Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Tōzai Line}}}]] | h | toho | tōhō =[[File:Subway SapporoToho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōhō Line}}}]] }} | seattle ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | link =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Link light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Link light rail}}}}}}]] | line 1 =[[File:Line 1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 (Sound Transit)]] | line 2 =[[File:Line 2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 (Sound Transit)]] | line 3 =[[File:Line 3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 (Sound Transit)]] | line 4 =[[File:Line 4 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 (Sound Transit)]] | line t =[[File:Line T (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line T (Sound Transit)]] | sounder =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}}}}]] | line n =[[File:Line N (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line N (Sound Transit)]] | line s =[[File:Line S (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line S (Sound Transit)]] | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h =[[File:{{{2}}} Line Logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|RapidRide {{{2}}} Line}}}]] | stride =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}}}}]] | stride s1 =[[File:Line S1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S1]] | stride s2 =[[File:Line S2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S2]] | stride s3 =[[File:Line S3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S3]] | stex =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder Transit Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit Express}}}}}}]] | soundtransit =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sound Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit}}}}}}]] }} | seoul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | arx =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Arex.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=AREX]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} | chun =[[File:Gyeongchun Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}}}}]] | ever =[[File:Seoul Metro Line EverLine Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Everline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Everline}}}}}}]] | gimpo =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Gimpo Goldline Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}}}}]] | gyeongjung | gye | jun =[[File:Gyeongui-Jungang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}}}}]] | gg|gyeonggang | yeoju =[[File:Gyeonggang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}}}}]] | maglev | im ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}|#{{rail color|Incheon Transit Corporation|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}} | seo | seohae =[[File:Seohae Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seohae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seohae Line}}}}}}]] | sil | sillim =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Sillim Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sillim Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sillim Line}}}}}}]] | sin =[[File:Shinbundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}}}}]] | su | bun | suin-bundang = [[File:Suin-Bundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}}}}]] | subway =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}}}}]] | ui =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Ui LRT Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Ui LRT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ui LRT}}}}}}]] | uij =[[File:Seoul Metro Line U Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|U Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U Line}}}}}}]] | [[File:Seoul Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Seoul Subway Line {{{2}}}]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} }} | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | sevilla | seville ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línea 1 Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro line 1}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] }} | shanghai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | j | jm | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shanghai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}}}}]] | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 20 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|10}}|#000}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|11}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Chongming}}}} | j | js | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Jinshan}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Maglev}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Pujiang}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shaoxing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro=<!--[[File:Shaoxing Rail Transit Logo No Text.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}}}}]]--> | 1 = {{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Shaoxing Metro)|#c5003e}} | 2 = {{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shaoxing Metro)|#036eb8}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shenyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | sheffield =[[File:Supertram generic logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}}}}]] | shenzhen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lb | luobao ={{RouteBox|Luobao|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | sk | shekou ={{RouteBox|Shekou|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lg | longgang ={{RouteBox|Longgang|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lh | longhua ={{RouteBox|Longhua|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | hz | huanzhong ={{RouteBox|Huanzhong|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenzhen Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shenzhen Metro Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}}}}]] | lb | luobao = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|1|link={{{link|}}}}} | sk | shekou = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|2|link={{{link|}}}}} | lg | longgang = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|3|link={{{link|}}}}} | lh | longhua = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|4|link={{{link|}}}}} | hz | huanzhong = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|5|link={{{link|}}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|1}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|2}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|3}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|4}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|5}}}} | #default = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | shijiazhuang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shijiazhuang Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shiraz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shiraz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Shiraz Metro}}}]] }} | shoreline =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Shore Line East}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shore Line East}}}}}}]] | smart =[[File:Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | stockholm ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | commuter =[[File:Stockholm commuter rail symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm commuter rail}}}]] | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 48 | j40 | j41 | j42 | j43 | j44 | j48 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Stockholm commuter rail|#27417A}} | metro =[[File:Stockholm metro symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm metro}}}]] | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 19 | t10 | t11 | t13 | t14 | t17 | t18 | t19 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}} (Stockholm metro)|#{{rail color|Stockholm metro|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}}}}}} | tvärbanan | tvarbanan | 22 ={{RouteBox|22|Tvärbanan|SaddleBrown}} }} | stuttgart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart S-Bahn|S-Bahn|alt=S-Bahn]] | u | stadtbahn = [[File:Stadtbahn-Logo Stuttgart.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart Stadtbahn|alt={{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}]] | sb|seilbahn = [[File:Seilbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Standseilbahn Stuttgart|alt=Seilbahn]] | vvs = [[File:VVS-Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart|alt=VVS]] | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen#Bus system|alt=Bus]] | z|zacke = [[File:Zahnradbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgart Rack Railway|alt=Zacke]] }} | sunrail =[[File:SunRail logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|SunRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SunRail}}}}}}]] | suzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | srt | metro =[[File:Suzhou Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | sydney | nsw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:TfNSW B.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Sydney}}}]] | tway | t =[[File:Sydney T-Way logo (simplified).svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|T-way}}}]] | monorail | mono =[[File:Sydney metro logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Monorail}}}]] | train =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Sydney}}}]] | t1 | north | shore | western =[[North Shore & Western Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t2 | inner | leppington =[[Inner West & Leppington Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t3 | bankstown =[[Bankstown Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T3}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t4 | eastern | illawarra =[[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T4}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t5 | cumberland =[[Cumberland Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T5}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t6 | carlingford =[[Carlingford Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|Carlingford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t7 | olympic =[[Olympic Park Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T7}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t8 | airport | south = [[Airport & South Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T8}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t9 | northern = [[Northern Line (Sydney)|<span style = "color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T9}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | south west =[[South West Rail Link|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|South West}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | metro =[[File:TfNSW M.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Metro}}}]] | nswtrainlink | regional train | countrylink | cl = [[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink}}}]] | blue =[[Blue Mountains Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|BMT}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | hunter =[[Hunter Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|HUN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | central coast | newcastle =[[Central Coast & Newcastle Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|CCN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coast =[[South Coast Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SCO}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | highlands =[[Southern Highlands Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SHL}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | light rail =[[File:TfNSW L.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Light rail in Sydney}}}]] | l1 | dulwich hill | lightrail | light =[[Dulwich Hill Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | l2 | cbd | southeast =[[CBD and South East Light Rail|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coach = [[File:TfNSW C.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Coach services}}}]] }} | tabriz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tabriz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Tabriz Metro}}}]] }} | tainan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | t ={{RouteBox|T|{{{link|TRA Line (Tainan)}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | s ={{RouteBox|Shalun|{{{link|Shalun Line}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Tainan Metro)|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taichung = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | g = [[File:Taichung Metro Green Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | b = {{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|b}}}} | o = {{RouteBox|O|{{{link|Orange Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|o}}|#000}} | r = {{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Taichung)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|r}}}} | #default = {{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Taichung Metro)|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taipei = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | br | BR = [[File:Taipei Metro Line BR.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bûn-ô͘-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | r | R = [[File:Taipei Metro Line R.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | g | G = [[File:Taipei Metro Line G.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | o | O = [[File:Taipei Metro Line O.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | BL | bl = [[File:Taipei Metro Line BL.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Pang-lâm-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | y | Y = [[File:Taipei Metro Line Y icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn)}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | lg | LG =[[File:Taipei Metro Line Wanda Zhonghe Shulin.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bān-tāi Tiong-hô Chhiū-nâ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | Rb | xinbeitou = [[File:Taipei Metro Line Xinbeitou Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sin-pak-tâu Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | Gb | xiaobitan = [[File:Taipei Metro Line Xiaobitan Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sió-phek-thâm Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | gondola = [[File:Maokong Gondola Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bâ-khang Lám-chhia}}}|{{{3|}}}]] }} | taoyuan = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | A | airport = [[File:Taoyuan Metro Line Airport.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Ki-tiûⁿ Chia̍t-ūn}}}]] }} | new taipei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | v | V = [[File:New Taipei Metro Danhai LRT Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-hái Khin-kúi}}}]] | k | K = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_K.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|An-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | s | S = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_S.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Chhim-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | lb | LB = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_LB.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sam-eng-sòaⁿ}}}]] | lb | LB = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_F.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Gō͘-kó͘ Thài-san Khin-kúi}}}]] }} | tbilisi = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Metro Tbilisi logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | tehran ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tehran Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro}}}}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 =[[File:Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}.png|x15px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | texas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a-train | atrain =[[File:DCTA A-train icon.png|20px|link={{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}}}}]] | tre =[[File:TRE logo.png|x14px|link={{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}}}}]] | texrail | tex =[[File:Trinity Metro TEX only.svg|20px|link={{{link|TEXRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TEXRail}}}}}}]] }} | thessaloniki | thessalonika ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | r =[[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}}}}]] | p =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro parking.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Park and ride}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Park and ride}}}}}}]] | pr =[[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}}}}]] | Π1 | ∏1 | π1 | p1 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π1}}}}}}]] | Π2 | ∏2 | π2 | p2 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π2}}}}}}]] | Π3 | ∏3 | π3 | p3 ={{#if:{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|[[{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>]]|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>}} | a =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro airport.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Thessaloniki Airport "Makedonia"}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Macedonia Airport}}}}}}]] }} | tianjin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Huaimi|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:TianjinMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Tianjin Metro Group Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | bmt =[[File:Binhai Mass Transit Development Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | 2 | 13 | b2 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|t}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Jinji|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|CRH|Tianjin–Jizhou}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | tokyo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tokyo Metro logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metro}}}]] | c | chiyoda =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line}}}|{{TSLS|C|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | f | fukutoshin | 13 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line}}}|{{TSLS|F|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | g | ginza | 3 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Ginza Line}}}|{{TSLS|G|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | h | hibiya =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line}}}|{{TSLS|H|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | m | marunouchi | 4 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|M|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | mn | mb | nakano | 4n | 4b =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|Mb|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | n | namboku | 7 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Namboku Line}}}|{{TSLS|N|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | t | tozai | tōzai | 5 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line}}}|{{TSLS|T|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | y | yurakucho | yūrakuchō | 8 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line}}}|{{TSLS|Y|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | z | hanzomon | hanzōmon =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line}}}|{{TSLS|Z|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toei =[[File:PrefSymbol-Tokyo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation}}}]] | a | asakusa | 1 =[[{{{link|Toei Asakusa Line}}}|{{TSLS|A|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | e | oedo | ōedo =[[{{{link|Toei Ōedo Line}}}|{{TSLS|E|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | i | mita =[[{{{link|Toei Mita Line}}}|{{TSLS|I|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | s | shinjuku =[[{{{link|Toei Shinjuku Line}}}|{{TSLS|S|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toden ={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|arakawa|[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Toden Arakawa Line}}}]]|[[File:BSicon exTRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Toden}}}]]}} | ks | keisei =[[File:Number prefix Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Electric Railway}}}]] | sa | skyaccess =[[File:Number prefix SkyAccess.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Narita Airport Line}}}]] | sl | shin-keisei =[[File:Number prefix Shin-Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shin-Keisei Line}}}]] | hs | hokuso =[[File:Number prefix Hokusō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokusō Line}}}]] | sr | shibayama =[[File:Number prefix Shibayama.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shibayama Railway}}}]] | kk | keikyu =[[File:Number prefix Keikyū.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keikyu}}}]] | tr | toyo =[[File:Number prefix Tōyō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōyō Rapid Railway Line}}}]] | ko | keio =[[File:Number prefix Keiō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Corporation}}}]] | in | inokashira =[[File:Number prefix Inokashira.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Inokashira Line}}}]] | en | enoden =[[File:Number prefix Enoden.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Enoshima Electric Railway Line}}}]] }} | toronto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail ={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:Lakeshore East line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:Milton line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:Kitchener line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:Barrie line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:Richmond Hill line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:Stouffville line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] }} | subway ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | 3 =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | 5 | 6 | dm | fw | j | se | sm | ww =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] | #default =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6 | fw =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | ww | w =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] }} | yonge | university | spadina | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | bloor | danforth | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | scarborough | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | sheppard | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | eglinton | crosstown | eglinton crosstown | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | finch | finch west | fw | 6 =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | sheppard east | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | jane | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | relief line | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | waterfront |waterfront west | w | ww =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | don mills | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | malvern | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] | icts =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:BSicon CLRV.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto streetcar system]] {{#switch: {{{3}}} | 501 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[501 Queen|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">501</span>|501}}]]}} | 502 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[502 Downtowner|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">502</span>|502}}]]}} | 503 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[503 Kingston Rd|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">503</span>|503}}]]}} | 504 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[504 King|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">504</span>|504}}]]}} | 505 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[505 Dundas|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">505</span>|505}}]]}} | 506 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[506 Carlton|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">506</span>|506}}]]}} | 508 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[508 Lake Shore|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">508</span>|508}}]]}} | 509 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[509 Harbourfront|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">509</span>|509}}]]}} | 510 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[510 Spadina|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">510</span>|510}}]]}} | 511 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[511 Bathurst|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">511</span>|511}}]]}} | 512 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[512 St. Clair|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">512</span>|512}}]]}} | 514 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[514 Cherry|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">514</span>|514}}]]}} }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=List of Toronto Transit Commission bus routes]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} | up | upx | up express =[[File:UP Express logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Union Pearson Express}}}]] | metrolinx =[[File:Metrolinx 2017 logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolinx}}}]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | 1big =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2big =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3big =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4big =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5big =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6big =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] }} | trirail =[[File:Tri-Rail.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Tri-Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tri-Rail}}}}}}]] | uta ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | 720 =[[File:UTA_S-Line_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|S Line (Utah Transit Authority)}}}]] | trax =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|TRAX (light rail)}}}]] | frontrunner =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|FrontRunner}}}]] | blue | 701 ={{RouteBox|701|Blue Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Blue Line}}}} | red | 703 ={{RouteBox|703|Red Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Red Line}}}} | green | 704 ={{RouteBox|704|Green Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Green Line}}}} | purple | 750 ={{RouteBox|750|FrontRunner|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|FrontRunner}}}} | #default =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Utah Transit Authority}}}]] }} | valencia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Isotip de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línia 1 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Línia 2 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Línia 3 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Línia 4 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Línia 5 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 6 =[[File:Línia 6 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Línia 7 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Línia 8 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Línia 9 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] }} | vancouver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | bl =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Coast Mountain Bus Company#B-Line]] | 95 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=95 B-Line]] | 96 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=96 B-Line]] | 97 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=97 B-Line]] | 99 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=99 B-Line]] }} | [[File:Translinkbuses.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=List of bus routes in Metro Vancouver]] }} | rapidbus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | r1 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R1 King George Blvd]] | r2 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R2 Marine Dr]] | r3 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R3 Lougheed Hwy]] | r4 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R4 41st Ave]] | r5 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R5 Hastings St]] }} | [[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=RapidBus (TransLink)]] }} | canada =[[File:Translinkcanada.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Canada Line]] | evergreen =[[File:Translinkevergreen.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Evergreen Extension]] | expo =[[File:Translinkexpo.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Expo Line (SkyTrain)]] | millennium =[[File:Translinkmillennium.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Millennium Line]] | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=SeaBus]] | translink={{#if:{{{3|}}}||[[File:Translinkwaypoint.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=TransLink (British Columbia)]]}} | wce =[[File:Translinkwce.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=West Coast Express]] }} | victoria | melbourne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train ={{error|Specify region – replace "train" with "met train" or "reg train"}} | metropolitan | metropolitan train | metro | met | met train =[[File:Melbourne train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan train}}}}}}]] | regional | regional train | vline | v/line | reg | reg train =[[File:Victoria train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Victoria}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional train}}}}}}]] | alamein | belgrave | craigieburn | cranbourne | frankston | hurstbridge | lilydale | mernda | pakenham | sandringham | sunbury | upfield | werribee | williamstown =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | albury | ararat | bairnsdale | ballarat | bendigo | echuca | geelong | maryborough | seymour | shepparton | traralgon | warrnambool =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | epsom | eaglehawk =[[Bendigo V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Bendigo}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | flemington racecourse | flemington =[[Flemington Racecourse railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Flemington Racecourse}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | glen waverley =[[Glen Waverley railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Glen Waverley}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | south morang =[[South Morang railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Mernda}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | swan hill =[[Swan Hill V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Swan Hill}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | waurn ponds =[[Geelong V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Geelong}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | wendouree =[[Ballarat V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Ballarat}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | tram =[[File:Melbourne tram logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan tram}}}}}}]] | 1 | 3 | 3a | 5 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 30 | 35 | 48 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 64 | 67 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 78 | 82 | 86 | 96 | 109 =[[Melbourne tram route {{lc:{{{2}}}}}|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|{{{2}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | cc | city circle =[[City Circle tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|35}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | bus ={{error|Specify region – replace "bus" with "met bus" or "reg bus"}} | metropolitan bus | met bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan bus}}}}}}]] | regional bus | reg bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional bus}}}}}}]] | coach =[[File:Victoria coach logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional coach}}}}}}]] | adelaide | the overland | overland | gsr | great southern rail =[[The Overland|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Journey Beyond|The Overland}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | sydney | xpt | melbourne xpt | trainlink | nsw trainlink =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Southern}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NSW TrainLink Southern}}}}}}]] | #default ={{error|Unknown value for second argument}} }} | vienna ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train =[[File:Train Austria.svg|16px|link=Transportation in Vienna#Railways]] | s-bahn | s =[[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s-main =[[File:Stammstrecke Wien.png|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s1 =[[File:S1 Wien.svg|32px|link=S1 (Vienna)]] | s2 =[[File:S2 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s3 =[[File:S3 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s4 =[[File:S4 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s7 =[[File:S7 Wien.svg|32px|link=S7 (Vienna)]] | s40 =[[File:S40 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s45 | vorortelinie =[[File:S45 Wien.svg|32px|link=S45 (Vienna)]] | s50 =[[File:S50 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s60 =[[File:S60 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s80 =[[File:S80 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | u-bahn | u =[[File:U-Bahn Wien.svg|16px|link=Vienna U-Bahn]] | u1 =[[File:Wien U1.svg|16px|link=U1 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u2 =[[File:Wien U2.svg|16px|link=U2 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u3 =[[File:Wien U3.svg|16px|link=U3 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u4 =[[File:Wien U4.svg|16px|link=U4 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u5 =[[File:Wien U5.svg|16px|link=U5 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u6 =[[File:Wien U6.svg|16px|link=U6 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | cat =[[City Airport Train|{{Bahnlinie|RB||CAT|white|#B1D355}}]] | wlb | lokalbahn =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahn]] | tram ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|}}}|white|black}}]]|[[File:Tram-Logo.svg|16px|link=Trams in Vienna]]}} | bus =[[Buses in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|Bus}}}|black|white|black}}]] | r =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||R|black|white|black}}]] | rex =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||REX|black|white|black}}]] | wiener lokalbahnen =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahnen]] <!-- depreceated, use tram|line instead --> | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 25 | 26 | 30 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 49 | 52 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 71 | d | e | o =[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{2}}}|white|black}}]] | vor | #default =[[File:Logo VOR.svg|32px|link=Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region]] }} | virgin =[[File:Virgin-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}}}}]] | vorarlberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s1 | s3 | s4 = [[File:{{uc: {{{2}}}}} Vorarlberg.png|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Vorarlberg S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{uc: {{{2}}}}}}}}]] | s-bahn | s = [[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vorarlberg S-Bahn]] }} | vre =[[File:Virginia Railway Express.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}}}}]] | warsaw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:PKP.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Polish State Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Polish State Railways}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Warsaw Metro logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 =[[File:M1-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M1}}}]] | m2 =[[File:M2-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M2}}}]] | skm =[[File:PL-SKMWA logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warszawa)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska}}}}}}]] }} | washington ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:WMATA Metro Logo small.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Washington Metro}}}]] | blue | bl | b =[[File:WMATA Blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | green | gr | g =[[File:WMATA Green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | orange | or | o =[[File:WMATA Orange{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | purple | pu | p =[[Purple Line (Maryland)|{{colorbox|purple}}]] | red | rd | r =[[File:WMATA Red.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Red Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | silver | sv | s =[[File:WMATA Silver.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Silver Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | yellow | yl | y =[[File:WMATA Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Yellow Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | streetcar = [[File:BSicon TRAM1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|DC Streetcar}}}]] }} | waterloo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Grand River Transit}}}]] | ion =[[File:Waterloo ION logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Ion rapid transit}}}]] }} | wuhan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|yl}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | wuxi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Wuxi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xi'an ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Xian Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}}}}]] | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|4}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xiamen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Amoy Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =<!--[[File:Xuzhou Metro 2019.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] nonfree image --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | yokohama ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Yokohama Municipal Subway}}}]] | blue =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Blue Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Yokohama)}}}]] | green =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Green Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Yokohama)}}}]] }} | york ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | yrt =[[File:York Region Transit logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|York Region Transit}}}]] | viva =[[File:Viva blue logo.svg|{{{size|38}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Rapid Transit}}}]] | blue =[[File:Viva blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Blue}}}]] | green =[[File:Viva green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Green}}}]] | orange =[[File:Viva orange.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Orange}}}]] | pink =[[File:Viva pink.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Pink}}}]] | purple =[[File:Viva purple.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Purple}}}]] | yellow =[[File:Viva yellow.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Yellow}}}]] }} | zaragoza ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Zaragoza tram}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Zaragoza}}}]] | tuzsa =[[File:Aiga bus on red circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Transportes Urbanos de Zaragoza}}}]] | ctaz =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Consorcio de Transportes del Área de Zaragoza}}}]] }} | zhengzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Zhengzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} <!-- GENERIC --> | air ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | base =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | field =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|List of airports}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airport interchange}}}}}}]] }} | airbase =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{2|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | airfield =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | bike | bicycle =[[File:BSicon BICYCLE.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Bicycle}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bicycle facilities}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rapid | brt =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus | tb =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS2.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] }} | cable =[[File:BSicon AETRAM.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Aerial lift}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Cable car}}}}}}]] | express =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Express train}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Express train}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Ferry}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ferry/water interchange}}}}}}]] | funicular | incline =[[File:BSicon FUNI.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular}}}}}}]] | heliport =[[File:Aiga heliport.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Heliport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heliport}}}}}}]] | heritage ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}lDAMPF.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage railway}}}}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon BRILL.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}}}}]] }} | metro | subway | underground =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | mono | monorail =[[File:BSicon_MONO.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Monorail}}}}}}]] | park | parking =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Centro other car parking large.svg|BSicon PARKING.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|15|16}}}}}px|link={{{link|Parking}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Parking}}}}}}]] | rail =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | tram | light rail =[[File:BSicon TRAM{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1||1}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|{{{1}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | wheelchair =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Handicapped Accessible sign.svg|Wheelchair symbol.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|13}}}}}px|link={{{link|Accessibility#Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Handicapped/disabled access}}}}}}]] <!-- COUNTRIES --> | at ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | öbb | obb =[[File:Logo ÖBB.svg|32px|link=Österreichische Bundesbahnen]] | westbahn =[[File:Westbahn-logo-pantone.svg|32px|link=WESTbahn]] }} | be ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SNCB logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|National Railway Company of Belgium}}}]] }} | bg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:National Railways.jpg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Bulgarian State Railways}}}]] }} | by ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Belarus-RW-Logo-notext.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}}}}]] }} | ca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | cn =[[File:CN Railway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian National Railway}}}]] | cp =[[File:Canadian_Pacific_Railway_logo_2014.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian Pacific Railway}}}]] | rail | via =[[File:VIA Rail Canada simplified.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Via Rail}}}]] }} | ch ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SBB logo simplified.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Swiss Federal Railways}}}]] }} | cn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:China Railways.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway}}}}}}]] | crh =<!-- [[File:ChinaRailwayHighspeed-notext.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}}}}]] --> | metro =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY-CHN.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] | prdir =[[File:PRDIR logo without text.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|PRDIR}}}}}}]] | mono =[[File:BSicon CHN-Mono.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] }} | de ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo_Deutsche_Bahn.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}}}}]] | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn#Germany}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u-bahn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|U-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | es ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Lgotipo de Renfe Operadora.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Renfe}}}}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías}}}]] | feve =[[File:Símbolo Renfe Feve.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Feve}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Feve}}}}}}]] }} | gb ={{#switch: 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Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ise-Shima Liner}}}}}}]] | shimakaze =[[File:しまかぜマーク.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shimakaze}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shimakaze}}}}}}]] | sl =[[File:SLマーク.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Sakura Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sakura Liner}}}}}}]] | ul =[[File:KINTETSU_UL_038.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Urban Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban Liner}}}}}}]] }} }} | kr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Korail logo.svg|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Korail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Korail}}}}}}]] | ktx =[[File:KTX logo.svg|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Korea Train Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTX}}}}}}]] | srt =[[File:SR Train logo.png|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Super Rapid Train}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SRT}}}}}}]] }} | ni ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:NIR logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|NI Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NI Railways}}}}}}]] | rail2 =[[File:NI Railways icon.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link={{{link|NI 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=[[File:NIRsymbol_Portrush.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Coleraine-Portrush railway line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Coleraine-Portrush railway line}}}}}}]] }} | nl ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | abl =[[File:Abellio_logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Abellio Deutschland}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Abellio Deutschland}}}}}}]] | arr =[[File:Arriva-Logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Arriva}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Arriva}}}}}}]] | brg =[[File:Breng_logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Breng}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Breng}}}}}}]] | cnx =[[File:Connexxion_logo_2.svg|{{{size|45}}}px|link={{{link|w:Connexxion}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Connexxion}}}}}}]] | ice =[[File:ICE-Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|w:Intercity-Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Intercity-Express}}}}}}]] | keo =[[File:Keolis-Logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Keolis Nederland}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Keolis Nederland}}}}}}]] | nsr | rail | ns =[[File:Logo_NS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|w:Nederlandse Spoorwegen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Nederlandse Spoorwegen}}}}}}]] | qbz =[[File:Qbuzz logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Qbuzz}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Qbuzz}}}}}}]] | tha =[[File:Thalys.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Thalys}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Thalys}}}}}}]] | twe =[[File:Twents.jpg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Keolis Nederland}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Keolis Nederland}}}}}}]] }} | my ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | ktm ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | k1 ={{RouteBox|1|Seremban Line|#{{rail color|KLRT|1}}}} | k2 ={{RouteBox|2|Port Klang Line|#{{rail color|KLRT|2}}}} | komuter =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter}}}}}}]] |#default =[[File:Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}}}}]] }} | ktmkomuter =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter}}}}}}]] | rapidkl =[[File:Rapid_KL_Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid KL (brand)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid KL (brand)}}}}}}]] | rapidpenang =[[File:Rapid Penang Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid Penang}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid Penang}}}}}}]] | erl =[[File:ERL_logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Express Rail Link}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Express Rail Link}}}}}}]] | mrt =<!--[[File:MRT_Corp_brand_logo.png|{{{size|26}}}px|link={{{link|Mass Rapid Transit (Malaysia)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mass Rapid Transit (Malaysia)}}}}}}]] --> | rail ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | ic =[[File:BSicon BAHN.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Intercity}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Intercity}}}}}}]] | knorth =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter Northern Sector}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter Northern Sector}}}}}}]] | ksouth =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter Southern Sector}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter Southern Sector}}}}}}]] | ktm =[[File:Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}}}}]] | ktmk =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter}}}}}}]] | rapidkl =[[File:Rapid_KL_Logo.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid KL}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid KL}}}}}}]] | rapidpenang =[[File:Rapid Penang Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid Penang}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid Penang}}}}}}]] }} | railic =[[File:BSicon BAHN.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Intercity}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Intercity}}}}}}]] | railets =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|KTM ETS}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM ETS}}}}}}]] | railknorth =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter Northern Sector}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter Northern Sector}}}}}}]] | railksouth =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter Southern Sector}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter Southern Sector}}}}}}]] | railhsr =[[File:BSicon exLDER.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail}}}}}}]] | ferrypk =[[File:BSicon BOOT.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Klang International Passenger Terminal}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Klang International Passenger Terminal}}}}}}]] | ferrypg =[[File:BSicon BOOT.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid Ferry}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid Ferry}}}}}}]] | air ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | klia =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport}}}}}}]] | klia2 =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport#klia2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport#klia2}}}}}}]] | pen =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Penang International Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Penang International Airport}}}}}}]] | sbg =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport}}}}}}]] }} | airklia =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport}}}}}}]] | airklia2 =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport#klia2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport#klia2}}}}}}]] | airpen= =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Penang International Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Penang International Airport}}}}}}]] | airsbg =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport}}}}}}]] | mono | monorail =[[File:Access monorail inv.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Putrajaya Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Putrajaya Monorail}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | pudu =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}}}}]] | sunway|sw =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|BRT Sunway Line}}}]] | tbs =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}}}}]] }} | buspudu =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}}}}]] | bustbs =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}}}}]] | go ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | klb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klg =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] }} | 1 | ktmk1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|1}} | 2 | ktmk2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|2}} | 3 | rkl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|3}} | 4 | rkl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|4}} | 5 | rkl3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|5}} | 8 | rkl4 ={{rail icon|KLRT|8}} | 6 | erl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|6}} | 7 | erl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|7}} | 9 | mrt1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|9}} | 10 | ktmk3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|10}} | 11 | lrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|11}} | 12 | mrt2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|12}} | 13 | mrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|13}} | 14 | pm ={{rail icon|KLRT|14}} | 21 ={{rail icon|KLRT|21}} | 22 ={{rail icon|KLRT|22}} | n1 | padang besar | pbl ={{RouteBox|1|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|#1964b7|white|bold=}} | n2 | padang rengas | prl ={{RouteBox|2|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|green|white|bold=}} | blue | goklb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | green | goklg =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | purple | goklp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | red|goklr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | ets ={{RouteBox|ETS|KTM ETS|gold|black}} | rts ={{RouteBox|RTS|Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System|skyblue|black}} | ecr ={{RouteBox|ECR|MRL East Coast Rail Link|#{{rail color|KLRT|blue}}}} | hsr ={{RouteBox|HSR|Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail|#{{rail color|KLRT|red}}}} }} | pt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo CP 2.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Comboios de Portugal}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Comboios de Portugal}}}}}}]] }} | ru ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Russian Railways Logo.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Russian Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Russian Railways}}}}}}]] }} | sg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | branch ={{RouteBox|B|Branch MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|Branch}}}} | bp | l1 ={{RouteBox|BPLRT|Bukit Panjang LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|bp}}}} | cc | m4 ={{RouteBox|CCL|Circle MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|cc}}|#000000}} | cr | ci | m8 ={{RouteBox|CRL|Cross Island MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|cr}}|#000000}} | dt | m5 ={{RouteBox|DTL|Downtown MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|dt}}}} | ew | m2 ={{RouteBox|EWL|East West MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ew}}}} | jr | m7 ={{RouteBox|JRL|Jurong Region MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|jr}}}} | ne | m3 ={{RouteBox|NEL|North East MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ne}}}} | ns | m1 ={{RouteBox|NSL|North South MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ns}}}} | pg | l3 ={{RouteBox|PGLRT|Punggol LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|pg}}}} | sk | l2 ={{RouteBox|SKLRT|Sengkang LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|sk}}}} | te | m6 ={{RouteBox|TEL|Thomson-East Coast MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|te}}}} }} | tw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tra | rail =[[File:Taiwan Railways Administration Logo plain.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taiwan Railways Administration}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taiwan Railways Administration}}}}}}]] | thsr =[[File:Taiwan High Speed Rail Logo(Log Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taiwan High Speed Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taiwan High Speed Rail}}}}}}]] | airport =[[File:Taoyuan International Airport MRT Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taoyuan International Airport MRT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taoyuan International Airport MRT}}}}}}]] | cbrt =[[File:Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | danhai =[[File:New Taipei Metro Line V.png|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Danhai light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Danhai light rail}}}}}}]] | gondola =[[File:Maokong Gondola Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Maokong Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Maokong Gondola}}}}}}]] | kmrt =[[File:Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kaohsiung Metro}}}}}}]] | trts =[[File:Taipei Metro Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taipei Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taipei Metro}}}}}}]] | tym =[[File:Taoyuan Metro logo plain.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taoyuan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taoyuan Metro}}}}}}]] }} <!-- United Arab Emirates --> | ae ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | er ={{RouteBox|ER|Etihad Rail|#748477}} }} | us ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon TRAIN3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rail transportation in the United States#Passenger railroads}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|US Passenger rail transport}}}}}}]] | amtrak =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | amtrakbus =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | csx | csxt =[[File:CSX transp logo.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|CSX Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CSX Transportation}}}}}}]] | greyhound =[[File:Greyhound no dog.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}}}}]] | megabus =[[File:MegabusIcon.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}}}}]] }} <!-- DEFAULT --> | #default ='''Add→{{tl|rail-interchange}}''' }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 16ckk59lxpuplt05s2d5thdp59d3eaq 3133174 3133172 2022-08-09T06:30:55Z Wikijb 35187 fix the problem caused by the missing template "Ric" wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc: {{{1}}} }} | abudhabi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Line 1 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#DC241F}} | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|Line 2 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#0354A6}} | l3 ={{RouteBox|L3|Line 3 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#009530}} | l4 ={{RouteBox|L4|Line 4 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#FFD700}} }} | ace =[[File:ACE_arrows.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}}}}]] | adelaide ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }}nw | rail =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Adelaide}}}]] | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Adelaide}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Adelaide}}}]] | glenelg =[[Glenelg tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Glenelg}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | belair =[[Belair railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Belair}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | flinders =[[Flinders railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Flinders}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | gawler =[[Gawler railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Gawler}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | grange =[[Grange railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Grange}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | outer harbor =[[Outer Harbor railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Outer Harbor}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | seaford =[[Seaford railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Seaford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]]T | tonsley =[[Flinders railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Flinders}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] }} | ahvaz | ahwaz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Ahvaz Metro Logo.PNG|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Ahvaz Metro}}}]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 =[[File:Ahvaz Metro Logo.PNG|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Ahvaz Metro}}}]] {{color box||'''LINE {{{2}}}'''}} [[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | airtrainewr =[[File:AirTrain_EWR_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain Newark}}}]] | albuquerque ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | nmrx =[[New Mexico Rail Runner Express|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|New Mexico Rail Runner Express|rail runner}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NMRX</span>]] | art = [[File:Albuquerque Rapid Transit logo horiz.svg|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Albuquerque Rapid Transit}}}]] }} | alicante =[[File:TRAM - Metropolitano de Alicante -T-.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Alicante Tram}}}]] | amsterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:BSicon LOGO GVB.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Amsterdam Metro}}}]] | 50 =[[Line 50 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #28903a; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">50</span>]] | 51 =[[Line 51 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #f26522; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">51</span>]] | 52 =[[Line 52 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #00adef; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">52</span>]] | 53 =[[Line 53 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #ed1c24; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">53</span>]] | 54 =[[Line 54 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: black; background-color: #ffc20e; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">54</span>]] }} | au-wa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transwa|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | baku = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Baku Subway logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Baku Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Baku Metro}}}}}}]] }} | baltimore ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | marc =[[File:MARC train.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|MARC Train}}}]] | raillink =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Baltimore Light RailLink}}}]] | subway = [[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Baltimore Metro SubwayLink}}}]] }} | bangkok ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | srt =<!-- Do not use a non-free logo here --> | bts =[[File:BTSbangkok.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|BTS Skytrain}}}]] | mrt =[[File:MRT (Bangkok) logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|MRT (Bangkok)}}}]] | bm =[[File:Bangkok Monorail Logo.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Pink Line Khae Rai–Min Buri and Yellow Line Lat Phrao–Samrong electric trains}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Blue Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Blue}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Purple Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Purple}}}} | orange ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Orange Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Orange}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|MRL|MRT Pink Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Pink}}|#000}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MRL|MRT Yellow Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Yellow}}|#000}} | light blue | lightblue ={{RouteBox|MRL|Light Blue Line (Bangkok Rapid Transit)|#{{rail color|MRT|Light Blue}}|#000}} | sukhumvit | light green | lightgreen ={{RouteBox|BTS|Sukhumvit Line|#{{rail color|BTS Skytrain|Sukhumvit}}|#000}} | bang na-suvarnabhumi | bang na | suvarnabhumi ={{RouteBox|BTS|Bang Na–Suvarnabhumi Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Silver}}|#000}} | silom | green ={{RouteBox|BTS|Silom Line|#{{rail color|BTS Skytrain|Silom}}}} | light red | lightred ={{RouteBox|SRT|SRT Light Red Line|#{{rail color|SRT Red Lines|Light Red}}|#000}} | dark red | darkred ={{RouteBox|SRT|SRT Dark Red Line|#{{rail color|SRT Red Lines|Dark Red}}}} | brown ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Brown Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Brown}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|MRL|Grey Line (Bangkok Rapid Transit)|#{{rail color|MRT|Grey}}}} | gold ={{RouteBox|MRL|BMA Gold Line|#D4AF37}} | airport | arl =[[File:ARLbangkok.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)}}}]] {{RouteBox|ARL|Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)|#{{rail color|ARL}}}} | bus|brt =[[File:Bangkok BRT logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bangkok BRT}}}]] }} | barcelona ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Bus Barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Barcelona}}}]] | fmontjuic =[[File:Fmontjuic.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular de Montjuïc}}}]] | l1 =[[File:L1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 1}}}]] | l2 =[[File:L2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 2}}}]] | l3 =[[File:L3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 3}}}]] | l4 =[[File:L4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 4}}}]] | l5 =[[File:L5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 5}}}]] | l6 =[[File:L6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | l7 =[[File:L7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | l8 =[[File:L8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia line}}}]] | l9 =[[File:L9 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 9}}}]] | l10 =[[File:L10 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 10}}}]] | l11 =[[File:L11 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 11}}}]] | l12 =[[File:L12 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | metro =[[File:Barcelona Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro}}}]] | nxb =[[File:Nou Bus.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Barcelona}}}]] | tb =[[File:Tramvia Blau.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Tramvia Blau}}}]] | trambaix =[[File:Tramvia metropolita.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix}}}]] | trambesos =[[File:Tramvia metropolita.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs}}}]] | t1 =[[File:T1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T1}}}]] | t2 =[[File:T2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T2}}}]] | t3 =[[File:T3.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T3}}}]] | t4 =[[File:T4.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T4}}}]] | t5 =[[File:T5.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T5}}}]] | t6 =[[File:T6.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T6}}}]] }} | bart =[[File:Bart-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Bay Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bay Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | basel = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |1 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|1|inline=croute}} |3 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|3|inline=croute}} |4|re = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|RE/RB|inline=croute}} |5 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|5|inline=croute}} |6 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|6|inline=croute}} |7|rb = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|RB|inline=croute}} |8|wb = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|WB|inline=croute}} |9 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|9|inline=croute}} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=Basel Regional S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | bc ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bctransit =[[File:BC-transit-wayfinder.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|BC Transit}}}]] }} | beijing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Beijing Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Beijing Subway}}}}}}]] | bcr | bsr =[[File:Bcr logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Beijing Suburban Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Beijing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | 13 ={{RouteBox|13|{{{link|Line 13 (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|13}}|#000}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Capital Airport|{{{link|Capital Airport Express}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|ap}}}} | b | bt | batong | ba tong ={{RouteBox|Batong|{{{link|Batong line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|bt}}}} | c | cp | changping ={{RouteBox|Changping|{{{link|Changping line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|cp}}}} | d | dx | daxing ={{RouteBox|Daxing|{{{link|Daxing line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|dx}}}} | f | fs | fangshan ={{RouteBox|Fangshan|{{{link|Fangshan line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|fs}}}} | p | pg | pinggu ={{RouteBox|Pinggu|{{{link|Pinggu line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|pg}}|#000000}} | n | na | newairport | new airport ={{RouteBox|Daxing Airport|{{{link|Daxing Airport Express}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|na}}}} | s1 | m | maglev | mentougou ={{RouteBox|S1|{{{link|Line S1 (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|s1}}}} | s2 | s5 | hm | huaimi | huairou-miyun | sc | sub-central ={{rcb|Beijing Suburban Railway|{{lc: {{{2}}} }}|inline=route}} | x | xj | xijiao | w | western ={{RouteBox|Xijiao|{{{link|Xijiao line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|xj}}}} | yf | yanfang ={{RouteBox|Yanfang|{{{link|Yanfang line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yf}}}} | yq | yuquanlu ={{RouteBox|Yuquanlu|{{{link|Yuquanlu line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yq}}}} | yz | yizhuang ={{RouteBox|Yizhuang|{{{link|Yizhuang line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yz}}}} | t1 | yizhuangt1 ={{RouteBox|Yizhuang T1|{{{link|Line T1 (Beijing Yizhuang Tram)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|t1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | berlin = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | b|db|r = [[File:VBB Bahn-Regionalverkehr.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Deutsche Bahn]] | bvg = [[File:Bvg-logo.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe]] | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo-BVG.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Bus transport in Berlin]] | metrobus = [[File:MetroBus.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Bus transport in Berlin]] | f = [[File:Signet Fernverkehr VBB.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=DB Fernverkehr]] | ferry = [[File:Fähre-Logo-BVG.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Ferry transport in Berlin]] | metrotram= [[File:MetroTram.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | m1 | m2 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m8 | m10 | m13 | m17 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin S-Bahn]] | s1 | s2 | s25 | s26 | s3 | s4 | s41 | s42 | s45 | s46 | s47 | s5 | s6 | s7 | s75 | s8 | s85 | s86 | s9 | s10 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin)]] | s21 = [[File:Berlin S21.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=S21 (Berlin)#Former service]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | 12 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 27 | 37 | 50 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 67 | 68 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{{2}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | u|u-bahn = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin U-Bahn]] | u1 | u2 | u3 | u4 | u5 | u55 | u6 | u7 | u8 | u9 | u10 | u11 | u12 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin U-Bahn)]] | vbb = [[File:VBB-Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg|Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB)]] }} | bilbao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Bilbao.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bilbao metro}}}}}}]] | l1 | 1 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l2 | 2 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l3 | 3 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] }} | birmingham =[[File:MidlandMetroGenericSymbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Midland Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Midland Metro}}}}}}]] | blackpool =[[File:Blackpool Transport simple logo.png|{{{size|x20}}}px|link={{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}}}}]] | bonn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] | boston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA subway}}}]] | blue | green | orange | red | silver ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};"> [[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | boat =<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA Boat|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Boat {{{3|}}}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> | bus ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA bus}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA bus|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Bus&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | rail ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Commuter Rail}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}}}}]]</span>|[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}]] {{#if:{{{3|}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{{3}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{{3}}}}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{3}}}}} | dedham | lexington | millis =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Branch|{{white|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Branch}}]] | fairmount | fitchburg | franklin | greenbush | haverhill | lowell | needham =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Line|{{white|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Line}}]] | cape | capeflyer =[[CapeFLYER|{{white|CapeFLYER}}]] | central mass | central =[[Central Mass Branch|{{white|Central Mass Branch}}]] | framingham/worcester | framingham | worcester =[[Framingham/Worcester Line|{{white|Framingham/Worcester Line}}]] | newburyport/rockport | newburyport | rockport =[[Newburyport/Rockport Line|{{white|Newburyport/Rockport Line}}]] | north–south rail link | north–south =[[North–South Rail Link|{{white|North–South Rail Link}}]] | old colony lines | old colony =[[Old Colony Lines|{{white|Old Colony Lines}}]] | providence/stoughton | providence | stoughton =[[Providence/Stoughton Line|{{white|Providence/Stoughton Line}}]] | south coast rail | south coast | south =[[South Coast Rail|{{white|South Coast Rail}}]] }}&nbsp;</span>|}} }} }} | brampton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | zum =[[File:ZUM_logo.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link={{{link|Züm}}}]] }} | bremen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremer Straßenbahn|Bus]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Bremen|Tram]] | rs = [[File:Logo Regio S Bahn Bremen.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn]] | rs1 | rs2 | rs3 | rs4 = [[File:Bremen {{uc: {{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|alt={{{1}}}]] | s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | brightline =[[File:Brightlineicon.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Brightline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brightline}}}}}}]] | brisbane ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:QRLogoSmall.png|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Queensland Rail}}}]] }} | brussels ={{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{Ligne STIB|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-1|-1}}}} |[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Brussels Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brussels Metro}}}}}}]] }} | bucharest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] }} | budapest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:BKV m 1 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:BKV m 2 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:BKV m 3 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 4 =[[File:BKV m 4 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 4 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 5 =[[File:BKV h5 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 6 =[[File:BKV h6 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 7 =[[File:BKV h7 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 8 =[[File:BKV h8 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 9 =[[File:BKV h9 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | bus =[[File:BKV busz symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] | hév | hev =[[File:Budapest hev symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | metro =[[File:BKV_metro.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Budapest Metro}}}]] | night | nocturnal =[[File:BKK night line logo.svg|{{{size|16px}}}|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] <!-- | tram =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] | trolleybus =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] --> }} | buenos aires | buenosaires ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | =[[File:Subte gcba logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Buenos Aires Underground}}}]] | e2 | p | premetro =[[File:Línea P (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|PreMetro E2 (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | u | urquiza =[[File:Urquiza U 60px.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Urquiza Line (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | metrobus =[[File:Metrobus Buenos Aires logo.png|x{{{size|8}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | 9dejulio =[[File:Metrobus9dejulio.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 9 de Julio}}}]] | cabildo =[[File:Metrobuscabildo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Cabildo}}}]] | juanbjusto =[[File:Metrobusjuanbjusto.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Juan B. Justo}}}]] | sur =[[File:Metrobussur.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Sur}}}]] | 25demayo =[[File:Metrobus25deMayo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 25 de Mayo}}}]] | #default =[[File:Línea {{uc:{{{2}}}}} (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{uc:{{{2|}}}}} (Buenos Aires Underground)}}}]] }} | busan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan Metro}}}}}}]] | bgl | bugim =[[File:Busan-Gimhae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | donghae =[[File:Donghae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Donghae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Donghae Line}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | cahsr =[[File:California High Speed Rail.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CAHSR}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CAHSR}}}}}}]] | calgary ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ctrain =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTrain}}}]] | red ={{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Red}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Blue}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|G|{{{link|Green Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Green}}}} | max =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX (Calgary)}}}]] | orange ={{RouteBox|MO|{{{link|MAX Orange}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Orange}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MY|{{{link|MAX Yellow}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Yellow}}|#000000}} | teal ={{RouteBox|MT|{{{link|MAX Teal}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Teal}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MP|{{{link|MAX Purple}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Purple}}}} }} | caltrain =[[File:Caltrain roundel.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Caltrain}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Caltrain}}}}}}]] | canberra | au-act ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | metro | light rail ={{rail icon|Canberra Metro|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | r1 ={{rail color box|Canberra Metro|R1|inline=croute}} | r2 ={{RouteBox|R2|ACTION#R2|#f3b2db|#000000|bold=yes}} | r3 ={{RouteBox|R3|ACTION#R3|#ffdd00|#000000|bold=yes}} | r4 ={{RouteBox|R4|R4 (Canberra)|#0097ce|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r5 ={{RouteBox|R5|ACTION#R5|#dc2597|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r6 ={{RouteBox|R6|ACTION#R6|#76bc21|#000000|bold=yes}} | r7 ={{RouteBox|R7|ACTION#R7|#e07c00|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r8 ={{RouteBox|R8|ACTION#R8|#2d2a26|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r9 ={{RouteBox|R9|ACTION#R9|#97989a|#000000|bold=yes}} | r10 ={{RouteBox|R10|ACTION#R10|#aa182c|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | 59 ={{RouteBox|59||#99bbe3|#0055b8|bold=yes}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}||#0055b8|#ffffff|bold=yes}} }} | catalonia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fgc =[[File:FGC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fgctim =[[File:FGC TiM.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fvallvidrera =[[File:fvallvidrera.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vallvidrera Funicular}}}]] | nuria =[[File:Cremallera de Núria.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vall de Núria Rack Railway}}}]] | rdc =[[File:Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Rodalies de Catalunya}}}]] | r1 =[[File:R1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2 =[[File:R2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2n =[[File:R2N barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2s =[[File:R2S barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r3 =[[File:R3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R3 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r4 =[[File:R4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R4 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r5 =[[File:R5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r50 =[[File:R50 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r6 =[[File:R6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r60 =[[File:R60 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r7 =[[File:R7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R7 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r8 =[[File:R8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R8 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rg1 =[[File:RG1 girona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt1 =[[File:RT1 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt2 =[[File:RT2 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r11 =[[File:R11 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R11 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r12 =[[File:R12 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R12 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r13 =[[File:R13 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R13 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r14 =[[File:R14 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R14 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r15 =[[File:R15 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R15 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r16 =[[File:R16 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R16 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | s1 =[[File:S1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s2 =[[File:S2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s5 =[[File:S5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s55 =[[File:S55 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s33 =[[File:S33 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s4 =[[File:S4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s8 =[[File:S8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | tpc =[[File:TPC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Catalonia#Transport}}}]] }} | changchun ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway | rt = {{RouteBox|Subway|{{{link|Changchun Subway}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|#default}}}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|ap}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|bh}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|sy}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changsha ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 3 | 5 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|ml}}}} | metro =[[File:Changsha Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|Changsha Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changsha Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ChangzhouMetro.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | charleroi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |metro|#default=[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | chengdu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Chengdu Metro)|#{{rail color|Chengdu Metro|na}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Chengdu Metro icon.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{ric|Chengdu Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | chennai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Chennai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Metro}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue Line|Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Blue}} }} | green ={{RouteBox|Green Line|Green Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Green}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Chennai#Buses}}}]] | maa | airport =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai International Airport}}}]] }} | chicago ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- commuter rail --> | bnsf =[[BNSF Railway (Metra)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|BNSF}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em">BNSF</span>]] | hc =[[Heritage Corridor|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|hc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">HC</span>]] | mdn =[[Milwaukee District / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-N</span>]] | mdw =[[Milwaukee District / West Line|<span style="color: #25327b; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-W</span>]] | me =[[Metra Electric District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|me}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ME</span>]] | metra =[[File:Metramlogo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Metra}}}|alt=Metra]] | ncs =[[North Central Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|nc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NCS</span>]] | ri =[[Rock Island District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|ri}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">RI</span>]] | sws =[[SouthWest Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|sw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">SWS</span>]] | upn =[[Union Pacific / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-N</span>]] | upnw =[[Union Pacific / Northwest Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upnw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-NW</span>]] | upw =[[Union Pacific / West Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-W</span>]] <!-- rapid transit --> | l =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago "L"}}}]] | cta =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago Transit Authority}}}]] | pink = [[Pink Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Pink}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Pink</span>]] | red = [[Red Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Red}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Red</span>]] | orange = [[Orange Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Orange}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Orange</span>]] | yellow = [[Yellow Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Yellow}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Yellow</span>]] | green = [[Green Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Green}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Green</span>]] | blue = [[Blue Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Blue}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Blue</span>]] | purple = [[Purple Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Purple}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Purple</span>]] | brown = [[Brown Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Brown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Brown</span>]] | ats =[[Airport Transit System|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #ed1c23; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">ATS</span>]] }} | chongqing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | crt = <!-- [[File:CRT Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | csr =[[File:CSR Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|{{lc: {{{2|}}}}}|route|type={{{3|}}}}} | 3a ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Airport|Line 3 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#Airport branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|3|route|type=a}} }} | 6i ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Int'l Expo|Line 6 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#International Expo branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|6|route|type=i}} }} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} | cleveland =[[File:Cleveland RTA logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|GCRTA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|GCRTA}}}}}}]] | cologne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | cota =[[File:COTA alt logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | copenhagen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | m1 =[[File:M1 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M1 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:M2 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M2 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 3 | m3 =[[File:M3 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|City Circle Line}}}]] | 4 | m4 =[[File:M4 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M4 (Copenhagen)}}}]] |s =[[File:S-tog.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-train (Copenhagen)}}}]] |#default =[[File:S-train service {{{2}}}.svg|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|14}}px|link={{#if:{{{link|}}}|{{{link}}}|{{{2}}} (S-train)}}]] }} | ctfastrak =[[File:CTfastrak symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTfastrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CTfastrak}}}}}}]] | daegu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Daegu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Daegu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | dalian ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dalian Metro)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{uc: {{{2}}} }}|{{{link|Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }} (Dalian Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Dalian Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | dallas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m-line | mline | mata =[[File:M-Line Trolley logo.svg|M-Line Trolley|x16px|link={{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | lascolinas =[[File:Las_Colinas_APT_Logo.png|Las Colinas APT System|x18px|link={{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}}}}]] }} | dammam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} }} | dart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange |red ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;">[[{{{Title case|{{{2}}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{white|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}}}]]</span> |[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|<span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; vertical-align:text-top; width:0.8em; height:0.8em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}} | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Dallas Area Rapid Transit logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] }} | delhi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Metro}}}]] | airport | airport express | orange ={{RouteBox|Airport Express|Delhi Airport Metro Express|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Airport}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Blue}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|Grey{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Grey Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Grey}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|Green{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Green Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Green}}}} | magenta ={{RouteBox|Magenta{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Magenta Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Magenta}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|Pink{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Pink}}}} | red ={{RouteBox|Red{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Red Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Red}}}} | violet ={{RouteBox|Violet{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Violet}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail 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color|Guangzhou Metro|kc}}}} | metro =[[File:Guangzhou Metro icon.svg|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|thz1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | guiyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:GuiyangMetro.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | gwangju ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | hamburg = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s-bahn| s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg S-Bahn]] | u-bahn| u = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg U-Bahn]] | bus = [[File:Hamburg Bus-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|Bus]] | db = [[File:Deutsche Bahn AG-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=List of railway stations in Hamburg]] | r = [[File:Regionalbahn Signet HVV.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r20 = [[File:Hamburg R20.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r50 = [[File:Hamburg R50.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | akn| a = [[File:HVV Logo AKN.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=AKN Eisenbahn]] }} | hamilton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | hsr =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Hamilton Street Railway}}}]] | go | got | gotransit ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | train | a | lakeshore west | rail =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=List of GO Transit bus routes]]}}} | #default =[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | lrt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | b =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{3}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} }} | hangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|1b}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | metro =[[File:Hangzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hannover | hanover = {{#switch: 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{{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | heilbronn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | stadtbahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | hk | hongkong ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | lightrail ={{ric|MTR Light Rail|{{{3|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | mtr ={{ric|MTR|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|MTR|{{{2|}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} | houston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:HoustonMetroLogoOnly.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County}}}]] | red 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{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Istanbul Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 | m1a | m1b | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 | m8 | m9 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m10 =[[File:Istanbul M10 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m11 =[[File:Istanbul M11 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m12 =[[File:Istanbul M12 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m13 =[[File:Istanbul M13 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M13 (Istanbul 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C.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KAI Commuter Cikarang Loop Line}}}]] | l | loop | loopline | yellow =[[File:Jakarta KRL L.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Jatinegara–Bogor}}}]] | r | serpong | rangkasbitung | green =[[File:Jakarta KRL R.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Tanah Abang–Rangkasbitung}}}]] | t | tangerang | brown =[[File:Jakarta KRL T.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Duri–Tangerang}}}]] | tp | tanjung priok | tanjung | pink =[[File:Jakarta KRL TP.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Jakarta Kota–Tanjung Priok}}}]] | lrt =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Jakarta LRT}}}|{{{alt={{{alt|{{{link|Jakarta LRT}}}}}}}}}]] | s =[[File:Jakarta LRT S.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|LRT Line S (Jakarta LRT)}}}]] | jabodebek =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Greater Jakarta LRT}}}|{{{alt={{{alt|{{{link|Greater Jakarta LRT}}}}}}}}}]] | cb | l1 =[[File:Jakarta LRT 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=[[File:TransJakarta roundel 13.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 13}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 13 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk14 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 14.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 14}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 14 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk15 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 15.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 15}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 15 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] }} | jeddah ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Jeddah Metro)|#0354A6}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Jeddah Metro)|#FF9A00}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Jeddah Metro)|#DC241F}} }} | jinan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:JinanMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Jinan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Jinan Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|{{{link|Line 1 (Jinan Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Jinan Metro|1}}|#000}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|{{{link|Line 2 (Jinan Metro)}}}|#{{rail 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Metro}}}]] (logo deleted)--> }} | kiev|kyiv ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Kiev Metro First Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sviatoshynsko-Brovarska Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 1}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Kiev Metro Second Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Obolonsko–Teremkivska Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 2}}}}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Kiev Metro Third Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Syretsko-Pecherska Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 3}}}}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Kiev Metro Line 4.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Podilsko-Vyhurivska Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 4}}}}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Kiev Metro Line 5.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Livoberezhna Line (Kiev Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 5}}}}}}]] | e | u =[[File:Kyiv Urban Electric Train.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kiev Urban Electric Train}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|}}}}}}]] | f =[[File:Kiev Funicular logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kiev Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular}}}}}}]] | t | l =[[File:Kiev T logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kiev Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Light Rail}}}}}}]] | m = [[File:KyivMetroLogo.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kyiv Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kyiv Metro}}}}}}]] }} | kobe ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Kobe Municipal Subway Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Kobe Municipal Subway}}}]] | k | kaigan =[[File:Subway KobeKaigan.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Kaigan Line}}}]] | s | seishin =[[File:Subway KobeSeishin.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Seishin-Yamate Line}}}]] }} | kolkata ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kolkata Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Kolkata Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kolkata Metro}}}]] | ewm | ew metro =[[File:Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kolkata Metro}}}]] | line 1 | blue line ={{RouteBox|Blue Line|Kolkata Metro Line 1|#005EEE|WHITE|bold=yes}} | line 2 | green line ={{RouteBox|Green Line|Kolkata Metro Line 2|GREEN|WHITE|bold=yes}} | line 3 | purple line ={{RouteBox|Purple Line|Kolkata Metro Line 3|#800080|WHITE|bold=yes}} | line 4 | yellow line ={{RouteBox|Yellow Line|Kolkata Metro Line 4|#FFE800|BLACK|bold=yes}} | line 5 | pink line ={{RouteBox|Pink Line|Kolkata Metro Line 5|#FFADEC|BLACK|bold=yes}} | line 6 | orange line ={{RouteBox|Orange Line|Kolkata Metro Line 6|#FF8F00|WHITE|bold=yes}} | tram =[[File:Calcutta Tramways Company (logo).gif|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Kolkata}}}]] | bus =[[File:Kolkata bus.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Kolkata#Buses}}}]] | ferry =[[File:BSicon FERRY.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Kolkata#Port and water-transport}}}]] }} | kualalumpur | kuala lumpur =[[File:Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}}}}]] | kunming ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Kunming Metro)|#{{rail color|Kunming Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Kunming Metro)|#{{rail color|Kunming Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | kyoto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Kyoto MTB Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Kyoto Municipal Subway}}}]] | k | karasuma =[[File:Subway KyotoKarasuma.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Karasuma Line}}}]] | t | tozai =[[File:Subway KyotoTozai.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōzai Line (Kyoto)}}}]] }} | lanzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (LanzhouMetro)|#{{rail color|Lanzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:LanzhouRailTransit.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Lanzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lanzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Lanzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Lanzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | lary ={{rbox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} (Los Angeles Railway)|#{{rail color|Los Angeles Railway}}|black}} | lille ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Lille Metro Logo 2017.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 | 2 =[[File:Symbole Lille {{{2}}}.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille Metro}}}}}}]] | tramway =[[File:Lille Tramway Logo 2017.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille tramway}}}}}}]] | r | t =[[File:Symbole Lille {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille tramway}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:Lille Bus Logo 2017.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille buses}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille buses}}}}}}]] }} | lisboa |lisbon ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metropolitano Lisboa logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]] | azul | blue =[[File:MetroLisboa-linha-azul.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Lisbon Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]] | amarela | yellow =[[File:MetroLisboa-linha-amarela.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Yellow Line (Lisbon Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]] | verde | green ={{nbsp}}<!--[[File:MetroLisboa-linha-verde.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Lisbon Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]]--> | vermelha | red =[[File:MetroLisboa-linha-vermelha.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Red Line (Lisbon Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]] }} | leeds =[[File:WestYorksireMetro.png|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}}}}]] | liverpool =[[File:Merseyrail alternative logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Merseyrail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Merseyrail}}}}}}]] | lombardy = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | r = [[File:Logomi r.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Trenord}}}|alt={{{alt|Regionale}}}]] | s = [[File:Linee S di Milano.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Milan 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south | west =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{3}}}}} London Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{3}}}}} London Line}}}}}}]] | gospel | goblin | barking =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Gospel Oak to Barking line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gospel Oak to Barking line}}}}}}]] | lea | lea valley =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Lea Valley lines}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lea Valley lines}}}}}}]] | romford | upminster =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Romford–Upminster line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Romford–Upminster line}}}}}}]] | watford =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Watford DC line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Watford DC Line}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|London Overground}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|London Overground}}}}}}]] }} | tram =[[File:Tramlink no-text roundel.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tramlink{{#if:{{{3|}}}| route {{{3}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tramlink{{#if:{{{3|}}}| route {{{3}}}}}}}}}}}]] | rail =[[File:National Rail logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|National Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|National Rail}}}}}}]] | thameslink =[[File:ThameslinkSymbol.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Thameslink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Thameslink}}}}}}]] | underground =[[File:Underground no-text.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|London Underground}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|London Underground}}}}}}]] | river =[[File:BSicon FERRY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|London River Services}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|London River Services}}}}}}]] | bakerloo | district | elizabeth | jubilee | metropolitan | northern | piccadilly | victoria =[[File:{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} Line}}}}}}]] | central | circle =[[File:{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line (London Underground)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line (London Underground)}}}}}}]] | east london =[[File:East London line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|East London line#The London Underground era}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|East London line}}}}}}]] | fleet =[[File:Fleet line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Fleet line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Fleet Line}}}}}}]] | h&c =[[File:H&c line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Hammersmith & City line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hammersmith & City Line}}}}}}]] | w&c =[[File:W&c line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Waterloo & City line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Waterloo & City Line}}}}}}]] }} | losangeles ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrolink ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{4|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|Metrolink 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(California)|{{{3}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{4|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} Line {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|1|1}}|r| (Metrolink)|}}|{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}}|[[File:Metrolink icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolink (California)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metrolink (California)}}}}}}]]}} | lacmta ={{LACMTA link logo{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}showtext{{=}}yes|}}}} | {{LACMTA icon|{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}showtext=yes|}}}} }} | lyon ={{#switch:{{lc:{{{2}}}}} | bus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-bus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Lyon}}}]] | f | funicular =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-funi-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Funiculars of Lyon}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-metro-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon Metro}}}]] | t | tramway =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-tram-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon tramway}}}]] | tr | trolleybus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-cbus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybuses in Lyon}}}]] | {{RouteBox|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|F1|F2=Funiculars of Lyon|Lyon Metro Line {{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}|#{{rail color|Lyon Metro|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}}} }} | madrid ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | renfe =[[File:Madrid-MetroRENFE.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}]] | c | cercanias | cercanías =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-7 =[[File:C-7 red.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-8 =[[File:C-8 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-9 =[[File:C-9 orange.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-10 =[[File:C-10 lime.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | metro =[[File:MetroMadridLogoSimplified.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro}}}]] | #default =[[File:Madrid-MetroLinea{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | r | ramal =[[File:Madrid-MetroRamal.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Ramal (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | l | ligero =[[File:Stadtbahn Madrid Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero}}}]] | l1 | ml1 | ml-1 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-1}}}]] | l2 | ml2 | ml-2 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-2}}}]] | l3 | ml3 | ml-3 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-3}}}]] | bus | e | emt =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | u | urbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | i | interurbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | lr | largo | recorrido | largorecorrido =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | b | buho =[[File:MadridBusBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | ib | interurbanobuho =[[File:MadridBusInterurbanoBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | a =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaA.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b3 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] }} | malaga | málaga ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Logo metro málaga.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:MetroMalaga L1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 2 =[[File:MetroMalaga L2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] }} | manchester =[[File:Metrolink generic.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}}}}]] | manila ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lrt-1 | lrt1 | 1 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|1}} | lrt-2 | lrt2 | mrt-2 | mrt2 | 2 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|2}} | mrt-3 | mrt3 | lrt-3 | lrt3 | 3 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|3|inline=route}} | mrt-4 | mrt4 | 4 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|4|inline=route}} | lrt-5 | lrt5 | 5 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|5|inline=route}} | lrt-6 | lrt6 | 6 ={{rail color box|Manila LRT|6|inline=route}} | mrt-7 | mrt7 | 7 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|7|inline=route}} | mrt-8 | mrt8 | 8 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|8|inline=route}} | mrt-9 | mrt9 | 9 | mms ={{RouteBox|MMS|Metro Manila Subway|#{{rail color|Manila MRT|9}}}} | pnr | mc | orange = [[Image:Philippine National Railways (PNR).svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|PNR Metro Commuter Line}}}]] | nscr = {{RouteBox|NSCR|Philippine National Railways|#{{rail color|Philippine National Railways}}|black}} }} | marta =[[File:MARTA stripes logo.svg|{{{size|30}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | mashhad ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Mashhad Metro logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Mashhad Urban Railway}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | mecca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a ={{RouteBox|A|Line A (Mecca Metro)|#FFD700}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|Line B (Mecca Metro)|#009530}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|Line C (Mecca Metro)|#DC241F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|Line D (Mecca Metro)|#0354A6}} | s | shuttle ={{RouteBox|S|Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro Southern Line|#FFC0CB|#000000}} }} | medina ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Jeddah Metro)|#009530}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Jeddah Metro)|#0354A6}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Jeddah Metro)|#DC241F}} }} <!-- "melbourne" is an alias for "victoria" --> | mexicocity ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | mcm =[[File:Mexico City Metro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}}}}]] | tl =[[File:DFGGH.JPG|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}}}}]] | fs =[[File:Ferrocarril Suburbano.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:MetroDF Línea {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | miami ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrobus =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] | metromover =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metromover}}}|alt={{{alt|Metromover}}}]] | metrorail | #default =[[File:MDTMetro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] }} | minnesota ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] | blue =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Blue Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Blue Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | green =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Green Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | red =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Red Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Red Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | orange =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Orange Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Orange Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | southwest lrt|sw|southwest|lrt =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|southwest lrt}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Southwest LRT|{{white|Southwest LRT}}]]&nbsp;</span> | a =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro A Line (Minnesota)|{{white|A Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | b =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro B Line (Minnesota)|{{white|B Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | c =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro C Line (Minnesota)|{{white|C Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | d =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro D Line (Minnesota)|{{white|D Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | e =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro E Line (Minnesota)|{{white|E Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> }} | minsk ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Minsk_metro_logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Minsk Metro]] | 1 | maskowskaya =[[File:Minsk Metro First Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Maskowskaya line]] | 2 | awtazavodskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Second_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Awtazavodskaya line]] | 3 | zelenaluzhskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Third_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Zelenaluzhskaya line]] }} | mitteldeutschland = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland}}}]] }} | montreal ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:Exo.svg|24px|link={{{link|Exo (public transit)}}}]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | candiac | delson | delson-candiac =[[File:AMT_Candiac_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Candiac line]] | deux-montagnes =[[File:AMT_Deux-Montagnes_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Deux-Montagnes line]] | mascouche | repentigny-mascouche | repentigny =[[File:AMT_Mascouche_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mascouche line]] | mont-saint-hilaire =[[File:AMT_Mont-Saint-Hilaire_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mont-Saint-Hilaire line]] | saint-jerome | saint-jérôme | blainville | blainville-saint-jerome | blainville-saint-jérôme =[[File:AMT_Saint-Jérôme_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Saint-Jérôme line]] | vaudreuil | hudson | vaudreuil-hudson =[[File:AMT_Vaudreuil–Hudson_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Vaudreuil–Hudson line]] }} | metro = {{rail icon|Montreal Metro|{{lc: {{{3}}} }}|size={{{size|16}}}}} | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | express =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | night =[[File:STM Autobus Nuit.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | reserved =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | navetteor =[[File:STM Autobus NavetteOr.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | shuttle =[[File:STM Autobus Navette.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | 10min =[[File:STM Autobus 10Min.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | #default =[[File:Autobusmontréal.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] }} | rem ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] | #default =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] }} }} | mumbai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Suburban Railway}}}]] | nmm | navi | navi mumbai metro =[[File:NaviMumbaiMetro-Logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Navi Mumbai Metro}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Mumbai Metro Line 1 logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Metro}}}]] | mr | monorail =[[File:Mumbai MonoRail Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Monorail}}}]] }} | munich={{ÖPNV München|{{{2}}}|{{{size|12}}}}} | nagoya ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | h | higashiyama =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Higashiyama Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Higashiyama Line}}}]] | m | meijō | meijo =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meijō Line}}}]] | e | meikō | meiko =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meikō Line}}}]] | t | tsurumai =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Tsurumai Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tsurumai Line}}}]] | s | sakura-dōri | sakura-dori | sakuradori =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Sakura-dori Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakura-dōri Line}}}]] | k | kamiiida =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Kamiiida Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Kamiiida Line}}}]] | metro =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (black).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagoya Municipal Subway}}}]] }} | nanchang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | rt = <!-- [[File:NanChang Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | nanjing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Nanjing Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | nanning ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =<!-- [[File:Nanning Rail Transit.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}}}}]] deleted 13 August 2021 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | newcastle =[[File:TWMetro logo no text.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}}}}]] | newark =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}}}}]] | neworleans ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | stcharles | st-charles | 12 =[[St. Charles Streetcar Line|{{color box|Green}}]] | canal =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] [[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | canal-cemeteries | 47 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] | canal-city-park-museum | 48 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | riverfront | 2 | 02 =[[Riverfront Streetcar Line|{{color box|Blue}}]] | rampart-st-claude | loyola-rampart-st-claude | 49 =[[Rampart–St. Claude Streetcar Line|{{color box|Gold}}]] }} | newtaipei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | v | V = [[File:New Taipei Metro Danhai LRT Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-hái Khin-kúi}}}]] | k | K = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_K.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|An-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | s | S = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_S.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Chhim-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | lb | LB = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_LB.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sam-eng-sòaⁿ}}}]] | lb | LB = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_F.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Gō͘-kó͘ Thài-san Khin-kúi}}}]] }} | newyork | newyorkcity | nycs | nycs-h = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | mta =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}}]] | lirr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Long Island Rail Road}}}]] | mnr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metro-North Railroad}}}]] | sir =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SIR-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|2016-2017|Std}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|15|20}}}}}px|link={{{link|Staten Island Railway}}}]] | airtrainjfk =[[File:AirTrain_JFK_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain JFK}}}]] | subway =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|New York City Subway}}}]] | #default =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 4d | 4x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-4d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="4" express train|link={{{link|4 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 5d | 5x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-5d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="5" express train|link={{{link|5 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 6d | 6x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-6d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="6" express train|link={{{link|6d (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 7d | 7x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-7d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="7" express train|link={{{link|7d (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 8 =[[File:8 (1967-1979 New York City Subway bullet).svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="8" train|link={{{link|8 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | ad | ax =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Ad{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="A" express train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | bd | bx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Bd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="B" express train|link={{{link|B (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | fd | fx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Fd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="F" express train|link={{{link|Fd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | j | z =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{{2}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|J/Z (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | mex =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|M brown|M-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=brown "M" train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | md | mx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|Md brown|Md-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="M" express train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | nd | nx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Nd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="N" express train|link={{{link|N (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | qd | qx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Qd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="Q" express train|link={{{link|Qd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | s | ss =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=shuttle train|link={{{link|S (New York City Subway service)}}}]]{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|s|[[Category:Pages using Rail-interchange with newyork-s]]<nowiki/>}} | sb | sblue =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|S blue|SR-Std-blue}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="A" Shuttle train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | sf | franklin =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | sr | rockaway =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | s42 | 42nd =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=42nd Street Shuttle|link={{{link|42nd Street Shuttle}}}]] | ssf =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SF{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | ssr =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SR{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | wd | wx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Wd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=W express train|link={{{link|W (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | jfk =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-JFK.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=JFK Express|link={{{link|JFK Express}}}]] }} | nictd =[[File:BSicon South Shore Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|South Shore Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|South Shore Line}}}}}}]] | ningbo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao Intercity Railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro = | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|fh}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity railway|#{{rail color|CRH|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | nizhny | nizhny novgorod ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:NNMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nizhny Novgorod Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nizhny Novgorod Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:NNMetro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Avtozavodskaya Line (1)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:NNMetro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sormovskaya Line (2)}}}}}}]] | 3 =[[File:NNMetro Line 3.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nagornaya Line (3)}}}}}}]] }} | njt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |#default =[[File:NJT logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|NJ Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NJ Transit}}}}}}]] | acl | atlantic city =[[Atlantic City Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Atlantic City}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">ACL</span>]] | bcl | brg | bergen | bergen county =[[Bergen County Line|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Bergen County}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BCL</span>]] | glad | gladstone =[[Gladstone Branch|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Gladstone}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">GLAD</span>]] | main =[[Main Line (NJ Transit)|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Main}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MAIN</span>]] | mdw | meadowlands =[[Meadowlands Rail Line|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Meadowlands}}; border: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MDW</span>]] | mobo | montclair-boonton =[[Montclair-Boonton Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Montclair-Boonton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MOBO</span>]] | me | morristown =[[Morristown Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Morristown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">M&E</span>]] | njcl | north jersey coast line =[[North Jersey Coast Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|North Jersey Coast}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NJCL</span>]] | nec | northeast corridor =[[Northeast Corridor Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Northeast Corridor}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NEC</span>]] | pvl | pascack valley =[[Pascack Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Pascack Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PVL</span>]] | prin | princeton =[[Princeton Branch|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Princeton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PRIN</span>]] | rvl | raritan valley =[[Raritan Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Raritan Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">RVL</span>]] }} | nottingham =[[File:NET notext logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}}}}]] | nuremberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo-Nürnberg.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg|Bus]] | r | r-bahn = [[File:Logo R-Bahn VGN.PNG|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg|R-Bahn]] | s | s-bahn = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 = [[File:Nürnberg S{{{3}}}.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=S{{{3}}} (Nuremberg)|S{{{3}}}]] | #default = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Nuremberg S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | t | tram={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 = [[File:Nürnberg T{{{3}}}.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Nuremberg|Nuremberg tramway]] | #default = [[File:Tram Nürnberg Logo.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Nuremberg|Nuremberg tramway]] }} | u | u-bahn={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 21 = [[File:Nürnberg U{{{3}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=U{{{3}}} (Nuremberg U-Bahn)|U{{{3}}}]] | #default = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Nuremberg U-Bahn|U-Bahn]] }} }} | orlando ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lynx =[[File:LYNX Transportation Logo (Symbol Only).svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Lynx (Orlando)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lynx (Orlando)}}}}}}]]}} | osaka ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Osaka Metro logo 2.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Osaka Metro}}}]] | 1 | m | midosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Midosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Midōsuji Line}}}]] | 2 | t | tanimachi =[[File:Osaka Metro Tanimachi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tanimachi Line}}}]] | 3 | y | yotsubashi =[[File:Osaka Metro Yotsubashi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Yotsubashi Line}}}]] | 4 | c | chuo =[[File:Osaka Metro Chuo line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chūō Line (Osaka)}}}]] | 5 | s | sennichimae =[[File:Osaka Metro Sennichimae line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sennichimae Line}}}]] | 6 | k | sakaisuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Sakaisuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakaisuji Line}}}]] | 7 | n | nagahori =[[File:Osaka Metro Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line}}}]] | 8 | i | imazatosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Imazatosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Imazatosuji Line}}}]] | p | nanko =[[File:Osaka Metro Nanko Port Town line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nankō Port Town Line}}}]] }} | oslo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram = [[File:Oslo_Tramway_Piktogram.svg|15px|link=Trams in Oslo]] | 11 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 19 = [[File:Oslo Tramway new {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Oslo#Line {{{2}}}}}}]] }} | ottawa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | otrain ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | #default =[[File:O-Train icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=O-Train]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trillium | 2 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] }} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trillium | 2 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] | transitway =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Transitway (Ottawa)]] | bus =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=List of OC Transpo routes]] | octranspo =[[File:OC Transpo logo.svg|{{{size|72}}}px|link=OC Transpo]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | confederationbig | 1big =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line - with border.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trilliumbig | 2big =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line - with border.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] }} | palma ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Palma.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Palma Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 | m1 =[[File:Metro Palma M1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:Metro Palma M2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}]] | cercanias | sfm =[[File:SFM.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t1 =[[File:SFM T1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t2 =[[File:SFM T2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t3 =[[File:SFM T3.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] }} | paris ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | metro =[[File:Paris transit icons - Métro{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Paris Métro {{#if:{{{3|}}}|Line {{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|14anc|14 (1937–76)|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Paris Métro {{#if:{{{3|}}}|Line {{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|14anc|14 (1937–76)|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}}}}]] | r | rer =[[File:Paris transit icons - RER{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{uc:{{{3}}}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|RER {{uc:{{{3}}}}}|Réseau Express Régional}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|RER {{{3|}}}}}}}}}]] | t | tram =[[File:Paris transit icons - Tram{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|Île-de-France tramway Line {{{3}}}|Tramways in Île-de-France}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|Île-de-France tramway Line {{{3}}}|Tramways in Île-de-France}}}}}}}}]] | i | transilien =[[File:Paris transit icons - Train{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{uc:{{{3}}}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Transilien {{#switch:{{lc:{{{3}}}}} | h|k =Paris – Nord | j|l =Paris – Saint-Lazare | n =Paris – Montparnasse | p =Paris – Est | r =Paris – Lyon | u =Line U }}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Transilien {{#switch:{{uc:{{{3}}}}} | h|k =Paris – Nord | j|l =Paris – Saint-Lazare | n =Paris – Montparnasse | p =Paris – Est | r =Paris – Lyon | u =Line U }}}}}}}}]] | a =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|}}}}}}]] | b | bus =[[File:Paris transit icons - Bus.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}}}}]] | c | cdgval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CDGVAL}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CDGVAL}}}}}}]] | g | gdslignes =[[File:Paris logo gdslignes jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SNCF}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SNCF}}}}}}]] | mo | montmartre =[[File:Paris logo montmartre jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}}}}]] | n | noctilien =[[File:Paris logo noctilien jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Noctilien}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Noctilien}}}}}}]] | o | orlyval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orlyval}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Orlyval}}}}}}]] | te | ter =[[File:Paris logo ter jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TER}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TER}}}}}}]] }} | path ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:PATH logo white.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:PATH logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] }} | perc | pery =[[File:PE Bolt.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pacific Electric}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pacific Electric}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{2|{{{showtext|}}}}}}|[[Pacific Electric]]|}} | perth ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus transfer}}}}}}]] | circle =[[File:CircleRoute icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CircleRoute}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CircleRoute}}}}}}]] | event =[[File:Transperth special event.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Special event station}}}}}}]] | indian =[[File:Indian Pacific icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Indian Pacific}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Indian Pacific}}}}}}]] | train | transperth ={{ric|Transperth|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transperth|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | philadelphia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- transit --> | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | septa-old =[[File:SEPTA_logo_1970s.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | bsl | broad street =[[Broad Street Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BSL</span>]] | brs | spur | ridge spur =[[Broad Street Line#Broad–Ridge Spur|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BRS</span>]] | mfl | market-frankford =[[Market–Frankford Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|market–frankford}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MFL</span>]] | nhsl | norristown high speed line =[[Norristown High Speed Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|nhsl}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NHSL</span>]] | patco =[[PATCO Speedline|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|PATCO}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PATCO</span>]] <!-- regional rail --> | air =[[Airport Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Airport}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">AIR</span>]] | che =[[Chestnut Hill East Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill East}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHE</span>]] | chw =[[Chestnut Hill West Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill West}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHW</span>]] | cyn =[[Cynwyd Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Cynwyd}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CYN</span>]] | gln =[[SEPTA Main Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Glenside}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">GLN</span>]] | fxc | fox =[[Fox Chase Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Fox Chase}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">FOX</span>]] | doy =[[Lansdale/Doylestown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|doylestown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">DOY</span>]] | nor =[[Manayunk/Norristown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|norristown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NOR</span>]] | elw =[[Media/Elwyn Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Media/Elwyn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ELW</span>]] | tho =[[Paoli/Thorndale Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Paoli/Thorndale}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">THO</span>]] | tre =[[Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">TRE</span>]] | war =[[Warminster Line|<span style="color: black; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Warminster}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WAR</span>]] | wtr =[[West Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|West Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WTR</span>]] | nwk =[[Wilmington/Newark Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Wilmington/Newark}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NWK</span>]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|SEPTA Route {{{2}}} }}}|#{{rail color|SEPTA|{{{2}}}}} }} }} | pittsburgh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo) white.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo).svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] }} | portland ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange | red | yellow = {{ric|TriMet|{{{2}}}|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}}}}}} | a | b | ns = {{rcb|Portland Streetcar|{{{2}}}|inline=route}} | wes =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link| WES Commuter Rail}}}}}}]] | max = {{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}}}}}} | streetcar = {{ric|Portland Streetcar|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}}}}}} | trimet | #default ={{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TriMet}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TriMet}}}}}}}} }} | porto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:PortoMetro.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] | funicular =[[File:Logo_funicular_2.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Metro do Porto linha {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] }} | prague ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | esko|e =[[File:Prag Esko Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Esko Prague}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Prague Esko}}}}}}]] | #default =[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Prague Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-size: {{{size|12}}}px; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 3px 0 3px">{{{2}}}</span>]] {{#if:{{{3|{{{text|}}}}}}|<span style="font-size: {{#if:{{{4|{{{small|}}}}}}|85|100}}%;">[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|Line {{{2}}}]]</span>|}} }} | qingdao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Qingdao Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | qom ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | rhine-neckar ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | rhine-ruhr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | riyadh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Riyadh Metro)|#0354A6}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Riyadh Metro)|#DC241F}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Riyadh Metro)|#FF9A00}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Riyadh Metro)|#FFD700}} | 5 ={{RouteBox|5|Line 5 (Riyadh Metro)|#009530}} | 6 ={{RouteBox|6|Line 6 (Riyadh Metro)|#9016B2}} }} | riodejaneiro ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metrorioicon.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Metro}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FF8500|black}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio de Janeiro)|#00AE27}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FFC400|black}} | sv =[[File:Logo da SuperVia.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SuperVia}}}]] | lrt =[[File:Vlt carioca logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Light Rail}}}]] | 1l ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio LRT)|#0D73B9}} | 2l ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio LRT)|#008000}} | 3l ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Rio LRT)|#F1C232|black}} }} | rostock ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = {{ric|Rostock S-Bahn|size=x{{{size|12}}}px}} |s1|s2|s3 = {{rcb|Rostock S-Bahn|{{{2}}}|croute}} |tram = [[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Rostock}}}]] }} | rotterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:RET metro logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rotterdam Metro}}}]] | a ={{RouteBox|A|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line A}}}|#00AA50}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line B}}}|#FFD301|black}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line C}}}|#EF1F1F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line D}}}|#1BC5E9}} | e ={{RouteBox|E|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line E}}}|#1A389A}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 3}}}|#A9218E}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 4}}}|#F4901D}} }} | sacramento =[[File:Sacramento_Regional_Transit.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}}}}]] | saintlouis | stlouis = [[File:St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}}}}]] | saintpetersburg | stpetersburg = [[File:Spb metro line{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Line {{{2}}} (Saint Petersburg Metro)]] | salzburg={{ÖPNV Salzburg|{{{2|}}}}} | sandiego ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:MTS_Bus_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of bus routes in San Diego}}}]] | coaster =[[File:Coaster_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Coaster (commuter rail)}}}]] | sprinter =[[File:Sprinter San 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13.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (CPTM)}}}]] | 13AC | 13ac | ac ={{RouteBox|AC|Line 13 (CPTM)|#8FFF1F|black}} | 13AE | 13ae | ae =[[File:Spairportexpress.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 14 ={{RouteBox|14|Line 14 (CPTM)|#0A1013}} | emtu | EMTU =[[File:Spemtusymbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo}}}]] }} | sapporo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ST Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Sapporo Municipal Subway}}}]] | n | namboku =[[File:Subway SapporoNamboku.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Namboku Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Namboku Line}}}]] | t | tozai |tōzai =[[File:Subway SapporoTozai.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōzai Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Tōzai Line}}}]] | h | toho | tōhō =[[File:Subway SapporoToho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōhō Line}}}]] }} | seattle ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | link =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Link light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Link light rail}}}}}}]] | line 1 =[[File:Line 1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 (Sound Transit)]] | line 2 =[[File:Line 2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 (Sound Transit)]] | line 3 =[[File:Line 3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 (Sound Transit)]] | line 4 =[[File:Line 4 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 (Sound Transit)]] | line t =[[File:Line T (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line T (Sound Transit)]] | sounder =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}}}}]] | line n =[[File:Line N (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line N (Sound Transit)]] | line s =[[File:Line S (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line S (Sound Transit)]] | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h =[[File:{{{2}}} Line Logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|RapidRide {{{2}}} Line}}}]] | stride =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}}}}]] | stride s1 =[[File:Line S1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S1]] | stride s2 =[[File:Line S2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S2]] | stride s3 =[[File:Line S3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S3]] | stex =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder Transit Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit Express}}}}}}]] | soundtransit =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sound Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit}}}}}}]] }} | seoul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | arx =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Arex.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=AREX]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} | chun =[[File:Gyeongchun Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}}}}]] | ever =[[File:Seoul Metro Line EverLine Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Everline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Everline}}}}}}]] | gimpo =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Gimpo Goldline Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}}}}]] | gyeongjung | gye | jun =[[File:Gyeongui-Jungang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}}}}]] | gg|gyeonggang | yeoju =[[File:Gyeonggang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}}}}]] | maglev | im ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}|#{{rail color|Incheon Transit Corporation|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}} | seo | seohae =[[File:Seohae Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seohae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seohae Line}}}}}}]] | sil | sillim =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Sillim Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sillim Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sillim Line}}}}}}]] | sin =[[File:Shinbundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}}}}]] | su | bun | suin-bundang = [[File:Suin-Bundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}}}}]] | subway =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}}}}]] | ui =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Ui LRT Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Ui LRT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ui LRT}}}}}}]] | uij =[[File:Seoul Metro Line U Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|U Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U Line}}}}}}]] | [[File:Seoul Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Seoul Subway Line {{{2}}}]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} }} | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | sevilla | seville ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línea 1 Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro line 1}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] }} | shanghai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | j | jm | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shanghai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}}}}]] | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 20 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|10}}|#000}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|11}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Chongming}}}} | j | js | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Jinshan}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Maglev}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Pujiang}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shaoxing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro=<!--[[File:Shaoxing Rail Transit Logo No Text.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}}}}]]--> | 1 = {{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Shaoxing Metro)|#c5003e}} | 2 = {{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shaoxing Metro)|#036eb8}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shenyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | sheffield =[[File:Supertram generic logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}}}}]] | shenzhen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lb | luobao ={{RouteBox|Luobao|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | sk | shekou ={{RouteBox|Shekou|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lg | longgang ={{RouteBox|Longgang|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lh | longhua ={{RouteBox|Longhua|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | hz | huanzhong ={{RouteBox|Huanzhong|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenzhen Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shenzhen Metro Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}}}}]] | lb | luobao = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|1|link={{{link|}}}}} | sk | shekou = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|2|link={{{link|}}}}} | lg | longgang = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|3|link={{{link|}}}}} | lh | longhua = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|4|link={{{link|}}}}} | hz | huanzhong = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|5|link={{{link|}}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|1}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|2}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|3}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|4}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|5}}}} | #default = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | shijiazhuang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shijiazhuang Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shiraz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shiraz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Shiraz Metro}}}]] }} | shoreline =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Shore Line East}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shore Line East}}}}}}]] | smart =[[File:Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | stockholm ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | commuter =[[File:Stockholm commuter rail symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm commuter rail}}}]] | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 48 | j40 | j41 | j42 | j43 | j44 | j48 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Stockholm commuter rail|#27417A}} | metro =[[File:Stockholm metro symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm metro}}}]] | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 19 | t10 | t11 | t13 | t14 | t17 | t18 | t19 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}} (Stockholm metro)|#{{rail color|Stockholm metro|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}}}}}} | tvärbanan | tvarbanan | 22 ={{RouteBox|22|Tvärbanan|SaddleBrown}} }} | stuttgart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart S-Bahn|S-Bahn|alt=S-Bahn]] | u | stadtbahn = [[File:Stadtbahn-Logo Stuttgart.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart Stadtbahn|alt={{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}]] | sb|seilbahn = [[File:Seilbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Standseilbahn Stuttgart|alt=Seilbahn]] | vvs = [[File:VVS-Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart|alt=VVS]] | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen#Bus system|alt=Bus]] | z|zacke = [[File:Zahnradbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgart Rack Railway|alt=Zacke]] }} | sunrail =[[File:SunRail logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|SunRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SunRail}}}}}}]] | suzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | srt | metro =[[File:Suzhou Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | sydney | nsw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:TfNSW B.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Sydney}}}]] | tway | t =[[File:Sydney T-Way logo (simplified).svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|T-way}}}]] | monorail | mono =[[File:Sydney metro logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Monorail}}}]] | train =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Sydney}}}]] | t1 | north | shore | western =[[North Shore & Western Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t2 | inner | leppington =[[Inner West & Leppington Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t3 | bankstown =[[Bankstown Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T3}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t4 | eastern | illawarra =[[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T4}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t5 | cumberland =[[Cumberland Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T5}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t6 | carlingford =[[Carlingford Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|Carlingford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t7 | olympic =[[Olympic Park Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T7}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t8 | airport | south = [[Airport & South Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T8}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t9 | northern = [[Northern Line (Sydney)|<span style = "color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T9}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | south west =[[South West Rail Link|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|South West}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | metro =[[File:TfNSW M.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Metro}}}]] | nswtrainlink | regional train | countrylink | cl = [[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink}}}]] | blue =[[Blue Mountains Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|BMT}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | hunter =[[Hunter Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|HUN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | central coast | newcastle =[[Central Coast & Newcastle Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|CCN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coast =[[South Coast Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SCO}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | highlands =[[Southern Highlands Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SHL}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | light rail =[[File:TfNSW L.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Light rail in Sydney}}}]] | l1 | dulwich hill | lightrail | light =[[Dulwich Hill Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | l2 | cbd | southeast =[[CBD and South East Light Rail|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coach = [[File:TfNSW C.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Coach services}}}]] }} | tabriz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tabriz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Tabriz Metro}}}]] }} | tainan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | t ={{RouteBox|T|{{{link|TRA Line (Tainan)}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | s ={{RouteBox|Shalun|{{{link|Shalun Line}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Tainan Metro)|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taichung = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | g = [[File:Taichung Metro Green Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | b = {{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|b}}}} | o = {{RouteBox|O|{{{link|Orange Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|o}}|#000}} | r = {{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Taichung)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|r}}}} | #default = {{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Taichung Metro)|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taipei = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |br|BR=[[File:Taipei Metro Line BR.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bûn-ô͘-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |r|R=[[File:Taipei Metro Line R.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |g|G=[[File:Taipei Metro Line G.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |o|O=[[File:Taipei Metro Line O.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |bl|BR=[[File:Taipei Metro Line BL.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Pang-lâm-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |y|Y=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Y icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn)}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |lg|LG=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Wanda Zhonghe Shulin.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bān-tāi Tiong-hô Chhiū-nâ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |Rb|xinbeitou=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Xinbeitou Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sin-pak-tâu Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |Gb|xiaobitan=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Xiaobitan Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sió-phek-thâm Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |gondola=[[File:Maokong Gondola Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bâ-khang Lám-chhia}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |sb|SB=[[File:Taipei Metro Line SB.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bîn-seng Se̍k-chí Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] }} | taoyuan = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |A|a|airport=[[File:Taoyuan Metro Line Airport.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Ki-tiûⁿ Chia̍t-ūn}}}]] |G|g=[[File:TaoyuanMetroLineG.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}]] |BR|br=[[File:TaoyuanMetroLineBR_01.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Chang-sòaⁿ}}}]] }} | tbilisi = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Metro Tbilisi logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | tehran ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tehran Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro}}}}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 =[[File:Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}.png|x15px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | texas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a-train | atrain =[[File:DCTA A-train icon.png|20px|link={{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}}}}]] | tre =[[File:TRE logo.png|x14px|link={{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}}}}]] | texrail | tex =[[File:Trinity Metro TEX only.svg|20px|link={{{link|TEXRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TEXRail}}}}}}]] }} | thessaloniki | thessalonika ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | r =[[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}}}}]] | p =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro parking.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Park and ride}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Park and ride}}}}}}]] | pr =[[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}}}}]] | Π1 | ∏1 | π1 | p1 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π1}}}}}}]] | Π2 | ∏2 | π2 | p2 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π2}}}}}}]] | Π3 | ∏3 | π3 | p3 ={{#if:{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|[[{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>]]|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>}} | a =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro airport.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Thessaloniki Airport "Makedonia"}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Macedonia Airport}}}}}}]] }} | tianjin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Huaimi|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:TianjinMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Tianjin Metro Group Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | bmt =[[File:Binhai Mass Transit Development Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | 2 | 13 | b2 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|t}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Jinji|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|CRH|Tianjin–Jizhou}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | tokyo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tokyo Metro logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metro}}}]] | c | chiyoda =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line}}}|{{TSLS|C|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | f | fukutoshin | 13 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line}}}|{{TSLS|F|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | g | ginza | 3 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Ginza Line}}}|{{TSLS|G|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | h | hibiya =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line}}}|{{TSLS|H|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | m | marunouchi | 4 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|M|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | mn | mb | nakano | 4n | 4b =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|Mb|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | n | namboku | 7 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Namboku Line}}}|{{TSLS|N|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | t | tozai | tōzai | 5 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line}}}|{{TSLS|T|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | y | yurakucho | yūrakuchō | 8 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line}}}|{{TSLS|Y|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | z | hanzomon | hanzōmon =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line}}}|{{TSLS|Z|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toei =[[File:PrefSymbol-Tokyo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation}}}]] | a | asakusa | 1 =[[{{{link|Toei Asakusa Line}}}|{{TSLS|A|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | e | oedo | ōedo =[[{{{link|Toei Ōedo Line}}}|{{TSLS|E|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | i | mita =[[{{{link|Toei Mita Line}}}|{{TSLS|I|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | s | shinjuku =[[{{{link|Toei Shinjuku Line}}}|{{TSLS|S|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toden ={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|arakawa|[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Toden Arakawa Line}}}]]|[[File:BSicon exTRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Toden}}}]]}} | ks | keisei =[[File:Number prefix Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Electric Railway}}}]] | sa | skyaccess =[[File:Number prefix SkyAccess.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Narita Airport Line}}}]] | sl | shin-keisei =[[File:Number prefix Shin-Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shin-Keisei Line}}}]] | hs | hokuso =[[File:Number prefix Hokusō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokusō Line}}}]] | sr | shibayama =[[File:Number prefix Shibayama.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shibayama Railway}}}]] | kk | keikyu =[[File:Number prefix Keikyū.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keikyu}}}]] | tr | toyo =[[File:Number prefix Tōyō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōyō Rapid Railway Line}}}]] | ko | keio =[[File:Number prefix Keiō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Corporation}}}]] | in | inokashira =[[File:Number prefix Inokashira.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Inokashira Line}}}]] | en | enoden =[[File:Number prefix Enoden.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Enoshima Electric Railway Line}}}]] }} | toronto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail ={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:Lakeshore East line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:Milton line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:Kitchener line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:Barrie line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:Richmond Hill line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:Stouffville line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] }} | subway ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | 3 =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | 5 | 6 | dm | fw | j | se | sm | ww =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] | #default =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6 | fw =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | ww | w =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] }} | yonge | university | spadina | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | bloor | danforth | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | scarborough | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | sheppard | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | eglinton | crosstown | eglinton crosstown | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | finch | finch west | fw | 6 =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | sheppard east | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | jane | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | relief line | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | waterfront |waterfront west | w | ww =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | don mills | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | malvern | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] | icts =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:BSicon CLRV.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto streetcar system]] {{#switch: {{{3}}} | 501 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[501 Queen|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">501</span>|501}}]]}} | 502 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[502 Downtowner|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">502</span>|502}}]]}} | 503 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[503 Kingston Rd|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">503</span>|503}}]]}} | 504 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[504 King|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">504</span>|504}}]]}} | 505 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[505 Dundas|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">505</span>|505}}]]}} | 506 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[506 Carlton|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">506</span>|506}}]]}} | 508 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[508 Lake Shore|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">508</span>|508}}]]}} | 509 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[509 Harbourfront|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">509</span>|509}}]]}} | 510 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[510 Spadina|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">510</span>|510}}]]}} | 511 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[511 Bathurst|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">511</span>|511}}]]}} | 512 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[512 St. Clair|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">512</span>|512}}]]}} | 514 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[514 Cherry|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">514</span>|514}}]]}} }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=List of Toronto Transit Commission bus routes]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} | up | upx | up express =[[File:UP Express logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Union Pearson Express}}}]] | metrolinx =[[File:Metrolinx 2017 logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolinx}}}]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | 1big =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2big =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3big =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4big =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5big =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6big =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] }} | trirail =[[File:Tri-Rail.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Tri-Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tri-Rail}}}}}}]] | uta ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | 720 =[[File:UTA_S-Line_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|S Line (Utah Transit Authority)}}}]] | trax =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|TRAX (light rail)}}}]] | frontrunner =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|FrontRunner}}}]] | blue | 701 ={{RouteBox|701|Blue Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Blue Line}}}} | red | 703 ={{RouteBox|703|Red Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Red Line}}}} | green | 704 ={{RouteBox|704|Green Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Green Line}}}} | purple | 750 ={{RouteBox|750|FrontRunner|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|FrontRunner}}}} | #default =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Utah Transit Authority}}}]] }} | valencia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Isotip de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línia 1 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Línia 2 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Línia 3 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Línia 4 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Línia 5 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 6 =[[File:Línia 6 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Línia 7 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Línia 8 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Línia 9 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] }} | vancouver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | bl =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Coast Mountain Bus Company#B-Line]] | 95 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=95 B-Line]] | 96 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=96 B-Line]] | 97 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=97 B-Line]] | 99 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=99 B-Line]] }} | [[File:Translinkbuses.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=List of bus routes in Metro Vancouver]] }} | rapidbus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | r1 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R1 King George Blvd]] | r2 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R2 Marine Dr]] | r3 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R3 Lougheed Hwy]] | r4 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R4 41st Ave]] | r5 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R5 Hastings St]] }} | [[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=RapidBus (TransLink)]] }} | canada =[[File:Translinkcanada.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Canada Line]] | evergreen =[[File:Translinkevergreen.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Evergreen Extension]] | expo =[[File:Translinkexpo.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Expo Line (SkyTrain)]] | millennium =[[File:Translinkmillennium.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Millennium Line]] | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=SeaBus]] | translink={{#if:{{{3|}}}||[[File:Translinkwaypoint.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=TransLink (British Columbia)]]}} | wce =[[File:Translinkwce.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=West Coast Express]] }} | victoria | melbourne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train ={{error|Specify region – replace "train" with "met train" or "reg train"}} | metropolitan | metropolitan train | metro | met | met train =[[File:Melbourne train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan train}}}}}}]] | regional | regional train | vline | v/line | reg | reg train =[[File:Victoria train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Victoria}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional train}}}}}}]] | alamein | belgrave | craigieburn | cranbourne | frankston | hurstbridge | lilydale | mernda | pakenham | sandringham | sunbury | upfield | werribee | williamstown =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | albury | ararat | bairnsdale | ballarat | bendigo | echuca | geelong | maryborough | seymour | shepparton | traralgon | warrnambool =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | epsom | eaglehawk =[[Bendigo V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Bendigo}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | flemington racecourse | flemington =[[Flemington Racecourse railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Flemington Racecourse}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | glen waverley =[[Glen Waverley railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Glen Waverley}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | south morang =[[South Morang railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Mernda}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | swan hill =[[Swan Hill V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Swan Hill}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | waurn ponds =[[Geelong V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Geelong}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | wendouree =[[Ballarat V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Ballarat}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | tram =[[File:Melbourne tram logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan tram}}}}}}]] | 1 | 3 | 3a | 5 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 30 | 35 | 48 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 64 | 67 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 78 | 82 | 86 | 96 | 109 =[[Melbourne tram route {{lc:{{{2}}}}}|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|{{{2}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | cc | city circle =[[City Circle tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|35}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | bus ={{error|Specify region – replace "bus" with "met bus" or "reg bus"}} | metropolitan bus | met bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan bus}}}}}}]] | regional bus | reg bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional bus}}}}}}]] | coach =[[File:Victoria coach logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional coach}}}}}}]] | adelaide | the overland | overland | gsr | great southern rail =[[The Overland|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Journey Beyond|The Overland}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | sydney | xpt | melbourne xpt | trainlink | nsw trainlink =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Southern}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NSW TrainLink Southern}}}}}}]] | #default ={{error|Unknown value for second argument}} }} | vienna ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train =[[File:Train Austria.svg|16px|link=Transportation in Vienna#Railways]] | s-bahn | s =[[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s-main =[[File:Stammstrecke Wien.png|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s1 =[[File:S1 Wien.svg|32px|link=S1 (Vienna)]] | s2 =[[File:S2 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s3 =[[File:S3 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s4 =[[File:S4 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s7 =[[File:S7 Wien.svg|32px|link=S7 (Vienna)]] | s40 =[[File:S40 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s45 | vorortelinie =[[File:S45 Wien.svg|32px|link=S45 (Vienna)]] | s50 =[[File:S50 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s60 =[[File:S60 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s80 =[[File:S80 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | u-bahn | u =[[File:U-Bahn Wien.svg|16px|link=Vienna U-Bahn]] | u1 =[[File:Wien U1.svg|16px|link=U1 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u2 =[[File:Wien U2.svg|16px|link=U2 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u3 =[[File:Wien U3.svg|16px|link=U3 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u4 =[[File:Wien U4.svg|16px|link=U4 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u5 =[[File:Wien U5.svg|16px|link=U5 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u6 =[[File:Wien U6.svg|16px|link=U6 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | cat =[[City Airport Train|{{Bahnlinie|RB||CAT|white|#B1D355}}]] | wlb | lokalbahn =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahn]] | tram ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|}}}|white|black}}]]|[[File:Tram-Logo.svg|16px|link=Trams in Vienna]]}} | bus =[[Buses in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|Bus}}}|black|white|black}}]] | r =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||R|black|white|black}}]] | rex =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||REX|black|white|black}}]] | wiener lokalbahnen =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahnen]] <!-- depreceated, use tram|line instead --> | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 25 | 26 | 30 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 49 | 52 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 71 | d | e | o =[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{2}}}|white|black}}]] | vor | #default =[[File:Logo VOR.svg|32px|link=Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region]] }} | virgin =[[File:Virgin-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}}}}]] | vorarlberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s1 | s3 | s4 = [[File:{{uc: {{{2}}}}} Vorarlberg.png|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Vorarlberg S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{uc: {{{2}}}}}}}}]] | s-bahn | s = [[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vorarlberg S-Bahn]] }} | vre =[[File:Virginia Railway Express.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}}}}]] | warsaw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:PKP.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Polish State Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Polish State Railways}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Warsaw Metro logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 =[[File:M1-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M1}}}]] | m2 =[[File:M2-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M2}}}]] | skm =[[File:PL-SKMWA logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warszawa)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska}}}}}}]] }} | washington ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:WMATA Metro Logo small.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Washington Metro}}}]] | blue | bl | b =[[File:WMATA Blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | green | gr | g =[[File:WMATA Green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | orange | or | o =[[File:WMATA Orange{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | purple | pu | p =[[Purple Line (Maryland)|{{colorbox|purple}}]] | red | rd | r =[[File:WMATA Red.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Red Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | silver | sv | s =[[File:WMATA Silver.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Silver Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | yellow | yl | y =[[File:WMATA Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Yellow Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | streetcar = [[File:BSicon TRAM1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|DC Streetcar}}}]] }} | waterloo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Grand River Transit}}}]] | ion =[[File:Waterloo ION logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Ion rapid transit}}}]] }} | wuhan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|yl}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | wuxi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Wuxi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xi'an ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Xian Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}}}}]] | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|4}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xiamen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Amoy Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =<!--[[File:Xuzhou Metro 2019.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] nonfree image --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | yokohama ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Yokohama Municipal Subway}}}]] | blue =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Blue Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Yokohama)}}}]] | green =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Green Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Yokohama)}}}]] }} | york ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | yrt =[[File:York Region Transit logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|York Region Transit}}}]] | viva =[[File:Viva blue logo.svg|{{{size|38}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Rapid Transit}}}]] | blue =[[File:Viva blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Blue}}}]] | green =[[File:Viva green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Green}}}]] | orange =[[File:Viva orange.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Orange}}}]] | pink =[[File:Viva pink.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Pink}}}]] | purple =[[File:Viva purple.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Purple}}}]] | yellow =[[File:Viva yellow.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Yellow}}}]] }} | zaragoza ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Zaragoza tram}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Zaragoza}}}]] | tuzsa =[[File:Aiga bus on red circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Transportes Urbanos de Zaragoza}}}]] | ctaz =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Consorcio de Transportes del Área de Zaragoza}}}]] }} | zhengzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Zhengzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} <!-- GENERIC --> | air ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | base =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | field =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|List of airports}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airport interchange}}}}}}]] }} | airbase =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{2|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | airfield =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | bike | bicycle =[[File:BSicon BICYCLE.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Bicycle}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bicycle facilities}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rapid | brt =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus | tb =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS2.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] }} | cable =[[File:BSicon AETRAM.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Aerial lift}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Cable car}}}}}}]] | express =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Express train}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Express train}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Ferry}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ferry/water interchange}}}}}}]] | funicular | incline =[[File:BSicon FUNI.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular}}}}}}]] | heliport =[[File:Aiga heliport.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Heliport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heliport}}}}}}]] | heritage ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}lDAMPF.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage railway}}}}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon BRILL.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}}}}]] }} | metro | subway | underground =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | mono | monorail =[[File:BSicon_MONO.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Monorail}}}}}}]] | park | parking =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Centro other car parking large.svg|BSicon PARKING.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|15|16}}}}}px|link={{{link|Parking}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Parking}}}}}}]] | rail =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | tram | light rail =[[File:BSicon TRAM{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1||1}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|{{{1}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | wheelchair =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Handicapped Accessible sign.svg|Wheelchair symbol.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|13}}}}}px|link={{{link|Accessibility#Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Handicapped/disabled access}}}}}}]] <!-- COUNTRIES --> | at ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | öbb | obb =[[File:Logo ÖBB.svg|32px|link=Österreichische Bundesbahnen]] | westbahn =[[File:Westbahn-logo-pantone.svg|32px|link=WESTbahn]] }} | be ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SNCB logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|National Railway Company of Belgium}}}]] }} | bg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:National Railways.jpg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Bulgarian State Railways}}}]] }} | by ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Belarus-RW-Logo-notext.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}}}}]] }} | ca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | cn =[[File:CN Railway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian National Railway}}}]] | cp =[[File:Canadian_Pacific_Railway_logo_2014.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian Pacific Railway}}}]] | rail | via =[[File:VIA Rail Canada simplified.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Via Rail}}}]] }} | ch ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SBB logo simplified.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Swiss Federal Railways}}}]] }} | cn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:China Railways.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway}}}}}}]] | crh =<!-- [[File:ChinaRailwayHighspeed-notext.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}}}}]] --> | metro =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY-CHN.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] | prdir =[[File:PRDIR logo without text.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|PRDIR}}}}}}]] | mono =[[File:BSicon CHN-Mono.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] }} | de ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo_Deutsche_Bahn.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}}}}]] | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn#Germany}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u-bahn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|U-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | es ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Lgotipo de Renfe Operadora.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Renfe}}}}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías}}}]] | feve =[[File:Símbolo Renfe Feve.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Feve}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Feve}}}}}}]] }} | gb ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:National Rail logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|National Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|National Rail}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Bus transport in the United Kingdom}}}]] | birmingham =[[File:MidlandMetroGenericSymbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Midland Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Midland Metro}}}}}}]] | blackpool =[[File:Uk tram icon.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}}}}]] | edinburgh =[[File:EdinburghTramsNoText.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}}}}]] | glasgow =[[File:Glasgow Subway.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}}}}]] | leeds =[[File:WestYorksireMetro.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}}}}]] | liverpool =[[File:Merseyrail alternative logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Merseyrail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Merseyrail}}}}}}]] | manchester | metrolink =[[File:Metrolink generic.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}}}}]] | newcastle =[[File:TWMetro logo no text.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}}}}]] | nottingham =[[File:NET notext logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}}}}]] | sheffield =[[File:Supertram generic logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}}}}]] | calmac =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Caledonian MacBrayne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Caledonian MacBrayne}}}}}}]] }} | fr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SNCF no text.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|SNCF}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SNCF}}}}}}]] | ter =[[File:Ter.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Transport express régional}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TER}}}}}}]] | tgv =[[File:TGV.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|TGV}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TGV}}}}}}]] }} | ie ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Iarnród Éireann}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Iarnród Éireann}}}}}}]] }} | ir | iran ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail = <!--Image deleted at Commons [[File:RAJA Logo.PNG|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link| Islamic Republic of Iran Railways}}}]]--> }} | il | israel ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | carmelit =[[File:Carmelit-logo-crop.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Carmelit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Carmelit}}}}}}]] | egged | bus =[[File:Egged_logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Egged (company)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Egged (company)}}}}}}]] | rail = [[File:IsraelTrainLogoSymbolOnly.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Israel Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Israel Railways}}}}}}]] | tel aviv light rail =[[File:Dankal Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Tel Aviv Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tel Aviv Light Rail}}}}}}]] }} | jp | ja ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | jrh =[[File:JR_logo_(hokkaido).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Hokkaido Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hokkaido Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jre =[[File:JR_logo_(east).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|East Japan Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|East Japan Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrc =[[File:JR_logo_(central).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Central Japan Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Central Japan Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrw =[[File:JR_logo_(west).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|West Japan Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|West Japan Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrs =[[File:JR_logo_(shikoku).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Shikoku Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shikoku Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrk =[[File:JR_logo_(kyushu).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Kyushu Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kyushu Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrf =[[File:JR_logo_(freight).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Japan Freight Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Japan Freight Railway Company}}}}}}]] | shr =[[File:Donan_Isaribi_Logomark.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|South Hokkaido Railway Company}}}]] | shinkansen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | a | akita =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Akita Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Akita Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | ho | hokkaidō | hokkaido =[[File:Shinkansen jrh.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokkaido Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hokkaido Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | hu | hokuriku =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokuriku Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hokuriku Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | j | jōetsu | joetsu =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Jōetsu Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Jōetsu Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | k | kyushu =[[File:Shinkansen-K.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Kyushu Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kyushu Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | n | nagano =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Nagano Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nagano Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | s | sanyō | sanyo =[[File:Shinkansen jrw.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Sanyō Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sanyō Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | to | tōkaidō | tokaido =[[File:Shinkansen jrc.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōkaidō Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tōkaidō Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | tu | tōhoku | tohoku =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōhoku Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tōhoku Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | y | yamagata =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Yamagata Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Yamagata Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shinkansen}}}}}}]] }} | jrwest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | h | hiroshima ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | b | blue | kabe ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=B|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kabe_Line}}}|#09C0B0|bold=no}} | g | green ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=G|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#5fAD3C|bold=no}} | p | purple | geibi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=P|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Geibi_Line}}}|#947EB9|bold=no}} | r | red ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=R|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#cB332E|bold=no}} | y | yellow | kure ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=Y|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Kure_Line}}}|#EE8F17|#000|bold=no}} }} | k | kinki ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | hokuriku ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Hokuriku_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | biwako ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Biwako_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | jrkyoto ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|JR Kyōto_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | jrkobe ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|JR Kōbe_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | sanyo ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | ako ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Akō_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | b | kosei ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=B|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kosei_Line}}}|#039be5|bold=no}} | c | kusatsu ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=C|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kusatsu_Line}}}|#4caf50|bold=no}} | d | nara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=D|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Nara_Line}}}|#b67c2b|bold=no}} | sagano ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=E|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Sagano_Line}}}|#878DDC|bold=no}} | sanin ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=E|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-in_Line}}}|#878DDC|bold=no}} | f | osakahigashi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=F|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Ōsaka_Higashi_Line}}}|#546e7a|bold=no}} | jrtakarazuka ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=G|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|JR_Takarazuka_Line}}}|#ffc107|#000|bold=no}} | fukuchiyama ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=G|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Fukuchiyama_Line}}}|#ffc107|#000|bold=no}} | jrtozai ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=H|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|JR_Tōzai_Line}}}|#ec407a|bold=no}} | gakkentoshi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=H|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Gakkentoshi_Line}}}|#ec407a|bold=no}} | i | kakogawa ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=I|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kakogawa Line}}}|#009688|bold=no}} | j | bantan ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=J|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Bantan_Line}}}|#ad1457|bold=no}} | k | kishin ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=K|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kishin_Line}}}|#f4511e}} | l | maizuru ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=L|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Maizuru_Line}}}|#ff9800|#000|bold=no}} | o | osakaloop ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=O|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Ōsaka_Loop_Line}}}|#ef5350|bold=no}} | p | jryumesaki ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=P|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|JR_Yumesaki_Line}}}|#283593|bold=no}} | q | yamatoji ={{RouteBox|Q|{{{link|Yamatoji_Line}}}|#009688|bold=no}} | r | hanwa ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=R|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Hanwa_Line}}}|#ff9800|#000|bold=no}} | s | kansaiairport ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=S|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kansai-airport_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | t | wakayama ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=T|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Wakayama_Line}}}|#f48fb1|#000|bold=no}} | u | manyomahoroba ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=U|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Man-yo_Mahoroba_Line}}}|#c62828|bold=no}} | v | kansai ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=V|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kansai_Line}}}|#53479d|bold=no}} | w | kisei ={{RouteBox|W|{{{link|Kisei_Line}}}|#00acc1|bold=no}} }} | o | okayama ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | l | unoport ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=L|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Uno-port_Line}}}|#7acccd|#000|bold=no}} | m | setoohashi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=M|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Seto-Ōhashi_Line}}}|#0072bc|bold=no}} | n | ako ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=N|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Akō_Line}}}|#f16369|bold=no}} | s ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=S|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#b0d136|#000|bold=no}} | t | tsuyama ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=T|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Tsuyama_Line}}}|#fdbd18|#000|bold=no}} | u | momotaro ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=U|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Momotarō_Line}}}|#f6a4b4|#000|bold=no}} | v | hakubi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=V|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Hakubi_Line}}}|#35934a|bold=no}} | w ={{RouteBox|W|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#f69036|bold=no}} | x ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=X|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#00aeef|#000|bold=no}} | z | fukuen ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=Z|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Fukuen_Line}}}|#49479e|bold=no}} }} | s | sanin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | a ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|San-in_Line}}}|#b2d33e|#000|bold=no}} | b | imbi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=B|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Imbi_Line}}}|#ba7c32|bold=no}} | c | sakai ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=C|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Sakai_Line}}}|#0066b3|bold=no}} | d ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=D|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-in_Line}}}|#f26122|bold=no}} | e | kisuki ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=E|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Kisuki_Line}}}|#ffc20e|#000|bold=no}} | f | sanko ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=F|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Sankō_Line}}}|#00b2e5|bold=no}} | v | hakubi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=V|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Hakubi_Line}}}|#35934a|bold=no}} }} }} | kintetsu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | a | namba/nara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}||#{{rail color|Kintetsu|a}}|bold=no}} | namba | nara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu {{{3}}} Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|a}}|bold=no}} | b | kyoto/kashihara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=B|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}||#{{rail color|Kintetsu|b}}|bold=no}} | kyoto | kashihara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu {{{3}}} Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|b}}|bold=no}} | c | keihanna ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=C|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Keihanna Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|c}}|bold=no}} | d | osaka ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=D|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Osaka Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|d}}|bold=no}} | e | nagoya ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=E|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu Nagoya Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|e}}|bold=no}} | f | minami osaka/yoshino ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=F|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}||#{{rail color|Kintetsu|f}}|bold=no}} | minami osaka | yoshino ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=F|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|{{{3}}} Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|f}}|bold=no}} | g | ikoma ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=G|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Ikoma Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|g}}|bold=no}} | h | tenri ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=H|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Tenri Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|h}}|bold=no}} | i | tawaramoto ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=I|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Tawaramoto Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|i}}|bold=no}} | j | shigi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=J|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Shigi Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|j}}|bold=no}} | k | yunoyama ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=K|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Yunoyama Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|k}}|bold=no}} | l | suzuka ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=L|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Suzuka Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|l}}|bold=no}} | m | yamada/toba/shima ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=M|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}||#{{rail color|Kintetsu|m}}|bold=no}} | yamada | toba | shima ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=M|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu {{{3}}} Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|m}}|bold=no}} | n | domyoji ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=N|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Domyoji Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|n}}|bold=no}} | o | nagano ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=O|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu Nagano Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|o}}|bold=no}} | p | gose ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=P|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Gose Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|p}}|bold=no}} | y | ikoma cable ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=Y|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Ikoma Cable Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|y}}|bold=no}} | z | nishi-shigi cable ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=Z|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Nishi-Shigi Cable Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|z}}|bold=no}} | isl =[[File:KINTETSU23000_MARK.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Ise-Shima Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ise-Shima Liner}}}}}}]] | shimakaze =[[File:しまかぜマーク.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shimakaze}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shimakaze}}}}}}]] | sl =[[File:SLマーク.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Sakura Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sakura Liner}}}}}}]] | ul =[[File:KINTETSU_UL_038.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Urban Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban Liner}}}}}}]] }} }} | kr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Korail logo.svg|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Korail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Korail}}}}}}]] | ktx =[[File:KTX logo.svg|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Korea Train Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTX}}}}}}]] | srt =[[File:SR Train logo.png|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Super Rapid Train}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SRT}}}}}}]] }} | ni ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:NIR logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|NI Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NI 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=[[File:Access monorail inv.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Putrajaya Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Putrajaya Monorail}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | pudu =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}}}}]] | sunway|sw =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|BRT Sunway Line}}}]] | tbs =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}}}}]] }} | buspudu =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}}}}]] | bustbs =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}}}}]] | go ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | klb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klg =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] }} | 1 | ktmk1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|1}} | 2 | ktmk2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|2}} | 3 | rkl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|3}} | 4 | rkl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|4}} | 5 | rkl3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|5}} | 8 | rkl4 ={{rail icon|KLRT|8}} | 6 | erl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|6}} | 7 | erl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|7}} | 9 | mrt1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|9}} | 10 | ktmk3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|10}} | 11 | lrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|11}} | 12 | mrt2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|12}} | 13 | mrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|13}} | 14 | pm ={{rail icon|KLRT|14}} | 21 ={{rail icon|KLRT|21}} | 22 ={{rail icon|KLRT|22}} | n1 | padang besar | pbl ={{RouteBox|1|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|#1964b7|white|bold=}} | n2 | padang rengas | prl ={{RouteBox|2|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|green|white|bold=}} | blue | goklb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | green | goklg =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | purple | goklp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | red|goklr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | ets ={{RouteBox|ETS|KTM ETS|gold|black}} | rts ={{RouteBox|RTS|Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System|skyblue|black}} | ecr ={{RouteBox|ECR|MRL East Coast Rail Link|#{{rail color|KLRT|blue}}}} | hsr ={{RouteBox|HSR|Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail|#{{rail color|KLRT|red}}}} }} | pt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo CP 2.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Comboios de Portugal}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Comboios de Portugal}}}}}}]] }} | ru ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Russian Railways Logo.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Russian Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Russian Railways}}}}}}]] }} | sg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | branch ={{RouteBox|B|Branch MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|Branch}}}} | bp | l1 ={{RouteBox|BPLRT|Bukit Panjang LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|bp}}}} | cc | m4 ={{RouteBox|CCL|Circle MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|cc}}|#000000}} | cr | ci | m8 ={{RouteBox|CRL|Cross Island MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|cr}}|#000000}} | dt | m5 ={{RouteBox|DTL|Downtown MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|dt}}}} | ew | m2 ={{RouteBox|EWL|East West MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ew}}}} | jr | m7 ={{RouteBox|JRL|Jurong Region MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|jr}}}} | ne | m3 ={{RouteBox|NEL|North East MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ne}}}} | ns | m1 ={{RouteBox|NSL|North South MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ns}}}} | pg | l3 ={{RouteBox|PGLRT|Punggol LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|pg}}}} | sk | l2 ={{RouteBox|SKLRT|Sengkang LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|sk}}}} | te | m6 ={{RouteBox|TEL|Thomson-East Coast MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|te}}}} }} | tw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tra | rail =[[File:Taiwan Railways Administration Logo plain.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taiwan Railways Administration}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taiwan Railways Administration}}}}}}]] | thsr =[[File:Taiwan High Speed Rail Logo(Log Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taiwan High Speed Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taiwan High Speed Rail}}}}}}]] | airport =[[File:Taoyuan International Airport MRT Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taoyuan International Airport MRT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taoyuan International Airport MRT}}}}}}]] | cbrt =[[File:Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | danhai =[[File:New Taipei Metro Line V.png|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Danhai light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Danhai light rail}}}}}}]] | gondola =[[File:Maokong Gondola Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Maokong Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Maokong Gondola}}}}}}]] | kmrt =[[File:Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kaohsiung Metro}}}}}}]] | trts =[[File:Taipei Metro Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taipei Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taipei Metro}}}}}}]] | tym =[[File:Taoyuan Metro logo plain.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Taoyuan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Taoyuan Metro}}}}}}]] }} <!-- United Arab Emirates --> | ae ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | er ={{RouteBox|ER|Etihad Rail|#748477}} }} | us ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon TRAIN3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rail transportation in the United States#Passenger railroads}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|US Passenger rail transport}}}}}}]] | amtrak =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | amtrakbus =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | csx | csxt =[[File:CSX transp logo.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|CSX Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CSX Transportation}}}}}}]] | greyhound =[[File:Greyhound no dog.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}}}}]] | megabus =[[File:MegabusIcon.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}}}}]] }} <!-- DEFAULT --> | #default ='''Add→{{tl|rail-interchange}}''' }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 08h4cgbezit9qlry8fnkx71mwgh0npm 3133175 3133174 2022-08-09T06:50:25Z Wikijb 35187 fix the problem caused by the missing template "Ric"; tw wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc: {{{1}}} }} | abudhabi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Line 1 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#DC241F}} | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|Line 2 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#0354A6}} | l3 ={{RouteBox|L3|Line 3 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#009530}} | l4 ={{RouteBox|L4|Line 4 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#FFD700}} }} | ace =[[File:ACE_arrows.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}}}}]] | adelaide ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }}nw | rail =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Adelaide}}}]] | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Adelaide}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Adelaide}}}]] | glenelg =[[Glenelg tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Glenelg}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | belair =[[Belair railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Belair}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | flinders =[[Flinders railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Flinders}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | gawler =[[Gawler railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Gawler}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | grange =[[Grange railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Grange}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | outer harbor =[[Outer Harbor railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Outer Harbor}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | seaford =[[Seaford railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Seaford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]]T | tonsley =[[Flinders railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Flinders}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] }} | ahvaz | ahwaz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Ahvaz Metro Logo.PNG|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Ahvaz Metro}}}]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 =[[File:Ahvaz Metro Logo.PNG|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Ahvaz Metro}}}]] {{color box||'''LINE {{{2}}}'''}} [[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | airtrainewr =[[File:AirTrain_EWR_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain Newark}}}]] | albuquerque ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | nmrx =[[New Mexico Rail Runner Express|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|New Mexico Rail Runner Express|rail runner}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NMRX</span>]] | art = [[File:Albuquerque Rapid Transit logo horiz.svg|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Albuquerque Rapid Transit}}}]] }} | alicante =[[File:TRAM - Metropolitano de Alicante -T-.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Alicante Tram}}}]] | amsterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:BSicon LOGO GVB.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Amsterdam Metro}}}]] | 50 =[[Line 50 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #28903a; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">50</span>]] | 51 =[[Line 51 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #f26522; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">51</span>]] | 52 =[[Line 52 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #00adef; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">52</span>]] | 53 =[[Line 53 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #ed1c24; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">53</span>]] | 54 =[[Line 54 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: black; background-color: #ffc20e; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">54</span>]] }} | au-wa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transwa|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | baku = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Baku Subway logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Baku Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Baku Metro}}}}}}]] }} | baltimore ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | marc =[[File:MARC train.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|MARC Train}}}]] | raillink =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Baltimore Light RailLink}}}]] | subway = [[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Baltimore Metro SubwayLink}}}]] }} | bangkok ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | srt =<!-- Do not use a non-free logo here --> | bts =[[File:BTSbangkok.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|BTS Skytrain}}}]] | mrt =[[File:MRT (Bangkok) logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|MRT (Bangkok)}}}]] | bm =[[File:Bangkok Monorail Logo.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Pink Line Khae Rai–Min Buri and Yellow Line Lat Phrao–Samrong electric trains}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Blue Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Blue}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Purple Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Purple}}}} | orange ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Orange Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Orange}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|MRL|MRT Pink Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Pink}}|#000}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MRL|MRT Yellow Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Yellow}}|#000}} | light blue | lightblue ={{RouteBox|MRL|Light Blue Line (Bangkok Rapid Transit)|#{{rail color|MRT|Light Blue}}|#000}} | sukhumvit | light green | lightgreen ={{RouteBox|BTS|Sukhumvit Line|#{{rail color|BTS Skytrain|Sukhumvit}}|#000}} | bang na-suvarnabhumi | bang na | suvarnabhumi ={{RouteBox|BTS|Bang Na–Suvarnabhumi Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Silver}}|#000}} | silom | green ={{RouteBox|BTS|Silom Line|#{{rail color|BTS Skytrain|Silom}}}} | light red | lightred ={{RouteBox|SRT|SRT Light Red Line|#{{rail color|SRT Red Lines|Light Red}}|#000}} | dark red | darkred ={{RouteBox|SRT|SRT Dark Red Line|#{{rail color|SRT Red Lines|Dark Red}}}} | brown ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Brown Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Brown}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|MRL|Grey Line (Bangkok Rapid Transit)|#{{rail color|MRT|Grey}}}} | gold ={{RouteBox|MRL|BMA Gold Line|#D4AF37}} | airport | arl =[[File:ARLbangkok.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)}}}]] {{RouteBox|ARL|Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)|#{{rail color|ARL}}}} | bus|brt =[[File:Bangkok BRT logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bangkok BRT}}}]] }} | barcelona ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Bus Barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Barcelona}}}]] | fmontjuic =[[File:Fmontjuic.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular de Montjuïc}}}]] | l1 =[[File:L1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 1}}}]] | l2 =[[File:L2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 2}}}]] | l3 =[[File:L3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 3}}}]] | l4 =[[File:L4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 4}}}]] | l5 =[[File:L5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 5}}}]] | l6 =[[File:L6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | l7 =[[File:L7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | l8 =[[File:L8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia line}}}]] | l9 =[[File:L9 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 9}}}]] | l10 =[[File:L10 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 10}}}]] | l11 =[[File:L11 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 11}}}]] | l12 =[[File:L12 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | metro =[[File:Barcelona Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro}}}]] | nxb =[[File:Nou Bus.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Barcelona}}}]] | tb =[[File:Tramvia Blau.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Tramvia Blau}}}]] | trambaix =[[File:Tramvia metropolita.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix}}}]] | trambesos =[[File:Tramvia metropolita.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs}}}]] | t1 =[[File:T1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T1}}}]] | t2 =[[File:T2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T2}}}]] | t3 =[[File:T3.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T3}}}]] | t4 =[[File:T4.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T4}}}]] | t5 =[[File:T5.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T5}}}]] | t6 =[[File:T6.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T6}}}]] }} | bart =[[File:Bart-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Bay Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bay Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | basel = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |1 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|1|inline=croute}} |3 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|3|inline=croute}} |4|re = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|RE/RB|inline=croute}} |5 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|5|inline=croute}} |6 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|6|inline=croute}} |7|rb = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|RB|inline=croute}} |8|wb = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|WB|inline=croute}} |9 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|9|inline=croute}} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=Basel Regional S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | bc ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bctransit =[[File:BC-transit-wayfinder.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|BC Transit}}}]] }} | beijing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Beijing Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Beijing Subway}}}}}}]] | bcr | bsr =[[File:Bcr logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Beijing Suburban Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Beijing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | 13 ={{RouteBox|13|{{{link|Line 13 (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|13}}|#000}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Capital Airport|{{{link|Capital Airport Express}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|ap}}}} | b | bt | batong | ba tong ={{RouteBox|Batong|{{{link|Batong line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|bt}}}} | c | cp | changping ={{RouteBox|Changping|{{{link|Changping line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|cp}}}} | d | dx | daxing ={{RouteBox|Daxing|{{{link|Daxing line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|dx}}}} | f | fs | fangshan ={{RouteBox|Fangshan|{{{link|Fangshan line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|fs}}}} | p | pg | pinggu ={{RouteBox|Pinggu|{{{link|Pinggu line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|pg}}|#000000}} | n | na | newairport | new airport ={{RouteBox|Daxing Airport|{{{link|Daxing Airport Express}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|na}}}} | s1 | m | maglev | mentougou ={{RouteBox|S1|{{{link|Line S1 (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|s1}}}} | s2 | s5 | hm | huaimi | huairou-miyun | sc | sub-central ={{rcb|Beijing Suburban Railway|{{lc: {{{2}}} }}|inline=route}} | x | xj | xijiao | w | western ={{RouteBox|Xijiao|{{{link|Xijiao line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|xj}}}} | yf | yanfang ={{RouteBox|Yanfang|{{{link|Yanfang line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yf}}}} | yq | yuquanlu ={{RouteBox|Yuquanlu|{{{link|Yuquanlu line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yq}}}} | yz | yizhuang ={{RouteBox|Yizhuang|{{{link|Yizhuang line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yz}}}} | t1 | yizhuangt1 ={{RouteBox|Yizhuang T1|{{{link|Line T1 (Beijing Yizhuang Tram)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|t1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | berlin = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | b|db|r = [[File:VBB Bahn-Regionalverkehr.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Deutsche Bahn]] | bvg = [[File:Bvg-logo.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe]] | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo-BVG.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Bus transport in Berlin]] | metrobus = [[File:MetroBus.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Bus transport in Berlin]] | f = [[File:Signet Fernverkehr VBB.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=DB Fernverkehr]] | ferry = [[File:Fähre-Logo-BVG.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Ferry transport in Berlin]] | metrotram= [[File:MetroTram.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | m1 | m2 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m8 | m10 | m13 | m17 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin S-Bahn]] | s1 | s2 | s25 | s26 | s3 | s4 | s41 | s42 | s45 | s46 | s47 | s5 | s6 | s7 | s75 | s8 | s85 | s86 | s9 | s10 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin)]] | s21 = [[File:Berlin S21.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=S21 (Berlin)#Former service]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | 12 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 27 | 37 | 50 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 67 | 68 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{{2}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | u|u-bahn = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin U-Bahn]] | u1 | u2 | u3 | u4 | u5 | u55 | u6 | u7 | u8 | u9 | u10 | u11 | u12 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin U-Bahn)]] | vbb = [[File:VBB-Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg|Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB)]] }} | bilbao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Bilbao.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bilbao metro}}}}}}]] | l1 | 1 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l2 | 2 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l3 | 3 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] }} | birmingham =[[File:MidlandMetroGenericSymbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Midland Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Midland Metro}}}}}}]] | blackpool =[[File:Blackpool Transport simple logo.png|{{{size|x20}}}px|link={{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}}}}]] | bonn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] | boston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA subway}}}]] | blue | green | orange | red | silver ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};"> [[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | boat =<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA Boat|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Boat {{{3|}}}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> | bus ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA bus}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA bus|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Bus&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | rail ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Commuter Rail}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}}}}]]</span>|[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}]] {{#if:{{{3|}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{{3}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{{3}}}}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{3}}}}} | dedham | lexington | millis =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Branch|{{white|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Branch}}]] | fairmount | fitchburg | franklin | greenbush | haverhill | lowell | needham =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Line|{{white|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Line}}]] | cape | capeflyer =[[CapeFLYER|{{white|CapeFLYER}}]] | central mass | central =[[Central Mass Branch|{{white|Central Mass Branch}}]] | framingham/worcester | framingham | worcester =[[Framingham/Worcester Line|{{white|Framingham/Worcester Line}}]] | newburyport/rockport | newburyport | rockport =[[Newburyport/Rockport Line|{{white|Newburyport/Rockport Line}}]] | north–south rail link | north–south =[[North–South Rail Link|{{white|North–South Rail Link}}]] | old colony lines | old colony =[[Old Colony Lines|{{white|Old Colony Lines}}]] | providence/stoughton | providence | stoughton =[[Providence/Stoughton Line|{{white|Providence/Stoughton Line}}]] | south coast rail | south coast | south =[[South Coast Rail|{{white|South Coast Rail}}]] }}&nbsp;</span>|}} }} }} | brampton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | zum =[[File:ZUM_logo.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link={{{link|Züm}}}]] }} | bremen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremer Straßenbahn|Bus]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Bremen|Tram]] | rs = [[File:Logo Regio S Bahn Bremen.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn]] | rs1 | rs2 | rs3 | rs4 = [[File:Bremen {{uc: {{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|alt={{{1}}}]] | s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | brightline =[[File:Brightlineicon.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Brightline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brightline}}}}}}]] | brisbane ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:QRLogoSmall.png|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Queensland Rail}}}]] }} | brussels ={{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{Ligne STIB|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-1|-1}}}} |[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Brussels Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brussels Metro}}}}}}]] }} | bucharest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] }} | budapest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:BKV m 1 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:BKV m 2 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:BKV m 3 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 4 =[[File:BKV m 4 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 4 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 5 =[[File:BKV h5 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 6 =[[File:BKV h6 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 7 =[[File:BKV h7 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 8 =[[File:BKV h8 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 9 =[[File:BKV h9 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | bus =[[File:BKV busz symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] | hév | hev =[[File:Budapest hev symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | metro =[[File:BKV_metro.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Budapest Metro}}}]] | night | nocturnal =[[File:BKK night line logo.svg|{{{size|16px}}}|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] <!-- | tram =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] | trolleybus =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] --> }} | buenos aires | buenosaires ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | =[[File:Subte gcba logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Buenos Aires Underground}}}]] | e2 | p | premetro =[[File:Línea P (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|PreMetro E2 (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | u | urquiza =[[File:Urquiza U 60px.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Urquiza Line (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | metrobus =[[File:Metrobus Buenos Aires logo.png|x{{{size|8}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | 9dejulio =[[File:Metrobus9dejulio.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 9 de Julio}}}]] | cabildo =[[File:Metrobuscabildo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Cabildo}}}]] | juanbjusto =[[File:Metrobusjuanbjusto.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Juan B. Justo}}}]] | sur =[[File:Metrobussur.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Sur}}}]] | 25demayo =[[File:Metrobus25deMayo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 25 de Mayo}}}]] | #default =[[File:Línea {{uc:{{{2}}}}} (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{uc:{{{2|}}}}} (Buenos Aires Underground)}}}]] }} | busan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan Metro}}}}}}]] | bgl | bugim =[[File:Busan-Gimhae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | donghae =[[File:Donghae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Donghae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Donghae Line}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | cahsr =[[File:California High Speed Rail.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CAHSR}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CAHSR}}}}}}]] | calgary ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ctrain =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTrain}}}]] | red ={{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Red}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Blue}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|G|{{{link|Green Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Green}}}} | max =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX (Calgary)}}}]] | orange ={{RouteBox|MO|{{{link|MAX Orange}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Orange}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MY|{{{link|MAX Yellow}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Yellow}}|#000000}} | teal ={{RouteBox|MT|{{{link|MAX Teal}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Teal}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MP|{{{link|MAX Purple}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Purple}}}} }} | caltrain =[[File:Caltrain roundel.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Caltrain}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Caltrain}}}}}}]] | canberra | au-act ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | metro | light rail ={{rail icon|Canberra Metro|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | r1 ={{rail color box|Canberra Metro|R1|inline=croute}} | r2 ={{RouteBox|R2|ACTION#R2|#f3b2db|#000000|bold=yes}} | r3 ={{RouteBox|R3|ACTION#R3|#ffdd00|#000000|bold=yes}} | r4 ={{RouteBox|R4|R4 (Canberra)|#0097ce|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r5 ={{RouteBox|R5|ACTION#R5|#dc2597|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r6 ={{RouteBox|R6|ACTION#R6|#76bc21|#000000|bold=yes}} | r7 ={{RouteBox|R7|ACTION#R7|#e07c00|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r8 ={{RouteBox|R8|ACTION#R8|#2d2a26|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r9 ={{RouteBox|R9|ACTION#R9|#97989a|#000000|bold=yes}} | r10 ={{RouteBox|R10|ACTION#R10|#aa182c|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | 59 ={{RouteBox|59||#99bbe3|#0055b8|bold=yes}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}||#0055b8|#ffffff|bold=yes}} }} | catalonia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fgc =[[File:FGC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fgctim =[[File:FGC TiM.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fvallvidrera =[[File:fvallvidrera.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vallvidrera Funicular}}}]] | nuria =[[File:Cremallera de Núria.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vall de Núria Rack Railway}}}]] | rdc =[[File:Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Rodalies de Catalunya}}}]] | r1 =[[File:R1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2 =[[File:R2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2n =[[File:R2N barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2s =[[File:R2S barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r3 =[[File:R3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R3 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r4 =[[File:R4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R4 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r5 =[[File:R5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r50 =[[File:R50 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r6 =[[File:R6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r60 =[[File:R60 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r7 =[[File:R7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R7 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r8 =[[File:R8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R8 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rg1 =[[File:RG1 girona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt1 =[[File:RT1 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt2 =[[File:RT2 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r11 =[[File:R11 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R11 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r12 =[[File:R12 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R12 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r13 =[[File:R13 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R13 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r14 =[[File:R14 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R14 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r15 =[[File:R15 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R15 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r16 =[[File:R16 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R16 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | s1 =[[File:S1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s2 =[[File:S2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s5 =[[File:S5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s55 =[[File:S55 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s33 =[[File:S33 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s4 =[[File:S4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s8 =[[File:S8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | tpc =[[File:TPC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Catalonia#Transport}}}]] }} | changchun ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway | rt = {{RouteBox|Subway|{{{link|Changchun Subway}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|#default}}}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|ap}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|bh}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|sy}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changsha ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 3 | 5 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|ml}}}} | metro =[[File:Changsha Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|Changsha Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changsha Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ChangzhouMetro.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | charleroi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |metro|#default=[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | chengdu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Chengdu Metro)|#{{rail color|Chengdu Metro|na}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Chengdu Metro icon.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{ric|Chengdu Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | chennai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Chennai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Metro}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue Line|Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Blue}} }} | green ={{RouteBox|Green Line|Green Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Green}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Chennai#Buses}}}]] | maa | airport =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai International Airport}}}]] }} | chicago ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- commuter rail --> | bnsf =[[BNSF Railway (Metra)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|BNSF}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em">BNSF</span>]] | hc =[[Heritage Corridor|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|hc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">HC</span>]] | mdn =[[Milwaukee District / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-N</span>]] | mdw =[[Milwaukee District / West Line|<span style="color: #25327b; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-W</span>]] | me =[[Metra Electric District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|me}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ME</span>]] | metra =[[File:Metramlogo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Metra}}}|alt=Metra]] | ncs =[[North Central Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|nc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NCS</span>]] | ri =[[Rock Island District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|ri}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">RI</span>]] | sws =[[SouthWest Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|sw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">SWS</span>]] | upn =[[Union Pacific / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-N</span>]] | upnw =[[Union Pacific / Northwest Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upnw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-NW</span>]] | upw =[[Union Pacific / West Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-W</span>]] <!-- rapid transit --> | l =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago "L"}}}]] | cta =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago Transit Authority}}}]] | pink = [[Pink Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Pink}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Pink</span>]] | red = [[Red Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Red}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Red</span>]] | orange = [[Orange Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Orange}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Orange</span>]] | yellow = [[Yellow Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Yellow}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Yellow</span>]] | green = [[Green Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Green}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Green</span>]] | blue = [[Blue Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Blue}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Blue</span>]] | purple = [[Purple Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Purple}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Purple</span>]] | brown = [[Brown Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Brown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Brown</span>]] | ats =[[Airport Transit System|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #ed1c23; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">ATS</span>]] }} | chongqing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | crt = <!-- [[File:CRT Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | csr =[[File:CSR Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|{{lc: {{{2|}}}}}|route|type={{{3|}}}}} | 3a ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Airport|Line 3 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#Airport branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|3|route|type=a}} }} | 6i ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Int'l Expo|Line 6 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#International Expo branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|6|route|type=i}} }} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} | cleveland =[[File:Cleveland RTA logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|GCRTA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|GCRTA}}}}}}]] | cologne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | cota =[[File:COTA alt logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | copenhagen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | m1 =[[File:M1 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M1 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:M2 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M2 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 3 | m3 =[[File:M3 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|City Circle Line}}}]] | 4 | m4 =[[File:M4 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M4 (Copenhagen)}}}]] |s =[[File:S-tog.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-train (Copenhagen)}}}]] |#default =[[File:S-train service {{{2}}}.svg|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|14}}px|link={{#if:{{{link|}}}|{{{link}}}|{{{2}}} (S-train)}}]] }} | ctfastrak =[[File:CTfastrak symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTfastrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CTfastrak}}}}}}]] | daegu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Daegu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Daegu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | dalian ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dalian Metro)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{uc: {{{2}}} }}|{{{link|Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }} (Dalian Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Dalian Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | dallas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m-line | mline | mata =[[File:M-Line Trolley logo.svg|M-Line Trolley|x16px|link={{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | lascolinas =[[File:Las_Colinas_APT_Logo.png|Las Colinas APT System|x18px|link={{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}}}}]] }} | dammam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} }} | dart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange |red ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;">[[{{{Title case|{{{2}}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{white|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}}}]]</span> |[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|<span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; vertical-align:text-top; width:0.8em; height:0.8em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}} | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Dallas Area Rapid Transit logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] }} | delhi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Metro}}}]] | airport | airport express | orange ={{RouteBox|Airport Express|Delhi Airport Metro Express|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Airport}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Blue}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|Grey{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Grey Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Grey}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|Green{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Green Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Green}}}} | magenta ={{RouteBox|Magenta{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Magenta Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Magenta}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|Pink{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Pink}}}} | red ={{RouteBox|Red{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Red Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Red}}}} | violet ={{RouteBox|Violet{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Violet}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Yellow}}}} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Delhi#Buses}}}]] }} | denver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |#default =<span style="display:inline-block; width:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} + 2}}px; height:{{{size|14}}}px; background-color:#{{rail color|RTD|{{{2}}}}}; border:1px solid white; border-radius: 3px; padding-top:2px; line-height:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 1}}px; text-align:center; ">&nbsp;[[{{{link|{{{2}}} Line (RTD)}}}|<span style="color:#fff; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; font-size:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 2}}px; white-space:nowrap; margin-left:{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|w|-3|-2}}px;">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> |g(old) | g (old) =<span style="display:inline-block; width:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} + 2}}px; height:{{{size|14}}}px; background-color:#{{rail color|RTD|G (old)}}; border:1px solid white; border-radius: 3px; padding-top:2px; line-height:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 1}}px; text-align:center; ">&nbsp;[[{{{link|R Line (RTD)#History}}}|<span style="color:#fff; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; font-size:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 2}}px; white-space:nowrap; margin-left:-2px;">G</span>]]&nbsp;</span> |rtd=[[File:Regional Transportation District logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=RTD Bus & Rail]] }} | detroit ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | dpm | detroit people mover =[[File:DPM_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Detroit People Mover]] | qline | q-line | q line | m1 | m-1 | m-1 rail =[[File:QLINE Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=QLine]] }} | doha ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 | m2 | m3 = {{rcb|Doha Metro|{{{2}}}|inline=route}} | m4 ={{RouteBox|M4|Blue Line (Doha Metro)|#0354A6}} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Red Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#DC241F}} | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|Green Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#009530}} | l3 ={{RouteBox|L3|Purple Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#9016B2}} | l4 ={{RouteBox|L4|Yellow Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#FFD700}} }} | dongguan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dongguan Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Dongguan Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =[[File:Dongguan Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16x16}}}px|link={{{link|Dongguan Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dongguan Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dongguan Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Dongguan Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | donostialdea ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro Donostialdea.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Donostialdea}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metro Donostialdea}}}}}}]] }} | dortmund ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Dortmund Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dortmund Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | dresden={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Dresden S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dresden S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | dublin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | dart =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dublin Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dublin Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | commuter =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dublin Suburban Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dublin Suburban Rail}}}}}}]] | luas | #default =[[File:Luas simple logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Luas}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Luas}}}}}}]] }} | dubai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 ={{RouteBox|M1|Red Line (Dubai Metro)|#DC241F}} | m2 ={{RouteBox|M2|Green Line (Dubai Metro)|#009530}} | m3 ={{RouteBox|M3|Purple Line (Dubai Metro)|#9016B2}} | m4 ={{RouteBox|M4|Blue Line (Dubai Metro)|#0354A6}} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Palm Jumeirah Monorail|#748477}} | t1 ={{RouteBox|T1|Dubai Tram|#01a0b1}} | t2 ={{RouteBox|T2|Dubai Trolley|#800000}} }} | duisburg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Duisburg Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Duisburg Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | düsseldorf ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Düsseldorf Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Düsseldorf Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | edinburgh =[[File:EdinburghTramsGeneric.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}}}}]] | edmonton ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ets =[[File:Edmonton Transit System logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edmonton Transit System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edmonton Transit System}}}}}}]] | capital =[[File:MtlMetro5.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Capital Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Capital Line}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Wayside Signal Red.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metro Line}}}}}}]] | valley =[[File:MtlMetro1.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Valley Line (Edmonton)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Valley Line}}}}}}]] }} | esfahan | isfahan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Esfahan Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Isfahan Metro}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | essen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Essen Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Essen Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | eurostar =[[File:Eurostar icon RDT.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Eurostar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Eurostar}}}}}}]] | euskotren ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tren =[[File:Euskotren Trena Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Trena}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Trena}}}}}}]] | tranbia =[[File:Euskotren Tranbia Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Tranbia}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Tranbia}}}}}}]] | autobusa =[[File:Euskotren Autobusa Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Autobusa}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Autobusa}}}}}}]] }} | fortworth ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tre =[[File:TRE logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}}}}]] | tex =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TEXRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TEXRail}}}}}}]] }} | foshan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} | n | nh | nanhai ={{RouteBox|Nanhai|Nanhai New Transit|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Foshan Metro)|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|gf}}}} | n | nh | nanhai ={{RouteBox|Nanhai|Nanhai New Transit|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|nh}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Foshan Metro)|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | frankfurt = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rmv = [[File:Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund logo.svg|{{{size|50}}}px|link=Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund|alt=Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV)]] | rail = [[File:Eisenbahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Rapid Transit]] | bus = [[File:Omnibus-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Bus]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Rhine-Main S-Bahn]] | tram = [[File:Straßenbahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Frankfurt am Main]] | u = [[File:U-Bahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Frankfurt U-Bahn]] | #default = {{ÖPNV Frankfurt|{{{2|}}}}} }} | fuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Hok-chiu Tē-thih {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Fuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Fuzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Fuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Fuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Hok-chiu Tē-thih {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Fuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | geneva ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Transports Publics Genevois}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Transports Publics Genevois}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Mouettes Genevoises Navigation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mouettes Genevoises Navigation}}}}}}]] }} | glasgow =[[File:Glasgow Subway.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}}}}]] | gotransit | got={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail | train={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:GO Lakeshore West logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:GO Lakeshore East logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:GO Milton logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:GO Kitchener logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:GO Barrie logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:GO Richmond Hill logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:GO Stouffville logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] | midtown | seaton | locust hill =[[File:Midtown line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Midtown corridor]] }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=GO Transit bus services]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} }} | [[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | granada ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Granada.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Granada metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Granada metro}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:L1 Metro de Granada.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Granada Metro}}}]] }} | greece = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | r = [[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|TrainOSE}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TrainOSE}}}}}}]] | s = [[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|26}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos}}}}}}]] }} | guangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | apm ={{RouteBox|APM|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | k | kc ={{RouteBox|Knowledge City|Knowledge City Line|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | 9 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | a | apm ={{RouteBox|APM|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|apm}}}} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|gf}}}} | gfm =[[File:Guangfo metro (symbol).png|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangfo Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangfo Metro}}}}}}]] | k | kc ={{RouteBox|Knowledge City|Knowledge City Line|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|kc}}}} | metro =[[File:Guangzhou Metro icon.svg|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|thz1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | guiyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:GuiyangMetro.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | gwangju ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | hamburg = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s-bahn| s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg S-Bahn]] | u-bahn| u = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg U-Bahn]] | bus = [[File:Hamburg Bus-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|Bus]] | db = [[File:Deutsche Bahn AG-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=List of railway stations in Hamburg]] | r = [[File:Regionalbahn Signet HVV.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r20 = [[File:Hamburg R20.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r50 = [[File:Hamburg R50.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | akn| a = [[File:HVV Logo AKN.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=AKN Eisenbahn]] }} | hamilton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | hsr =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Hamilton Street Railway}}}]] | go | got | gotransit ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | train | a | lakeshore west | rail =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=List of GO Transit bus routes]]}}} | #default =[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | lrt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | b =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{3}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} }} | hangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|1b}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | metro =[[File:Hangzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hannover | hanover = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Hanover S-Bahn}}}]] }} | harbin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Harbin Metro)|#{{rail color|Harbin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Harbin Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Harbin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Harbin Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Harbin Metro)|#{{rail color|Harbin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hartford =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Hartford Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hartford Line}}}}}}]] | hblr =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Hudson–Bergen Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hudson–Bergen Light Rail}}}}}}]] | hefei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | heilbronn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | stadtbahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | hk | hongkong ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | lightrail ={{ric|MTR Light Rail|{{{3|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | mtr ={{ric|MTR|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|MTR|{{{2|}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} | houston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:HoustonMetroLogoOnly.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County}}}]] | red =[[File:HoustonMetroRedLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|North/Red Line (METRORail)}}}]] | green =[[File:HoustonMetroGreenLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|East End/Green Line (METRORail)}}}]] | purple =[[File:HoustonMetroPurpleLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Southeast/Purple Line (METRORail)}}}]] }} | id ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) 2020.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Kereta Api Indonesia}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kereta Api Indonesia}}}}}}]] }} | incheon ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 = [[File:Incheon Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Incheon Subway Line 1}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Incheon Subway Line 1}}}}}}]] | 2 = [[File:Incheon Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Incheon Subway Line 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Incheon Subway Line 2}}}}}}]] }} | innsbruck ={{ÖPNV Innsbruck|{{{2|}}}}} | isleofwight ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | vectis =[[File:Southern Vectis diamond logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Southern Vectis}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Southern Vectis}}}}}}]] | wightbus =[[File:Wightbus yellow blue logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Wightbus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wightbus}}}}}}]] }} | istanbul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | b | banliyö =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Banliyö Treni line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =link={{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}}}}} | 2 =link={{{link|Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line}}}}}} | #default=link={{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}} }}]] | bus | metrobus | metrobüs =[[File:Istanbul Metrobus Official_Logo.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Istanbul)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metrobus (Istanbul)}}}}}}]] | f1 | f3 | f4 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Istanbul Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 | m1a | m1b | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 | m8 | m9 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m10 =[[File:Istanbul M10 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m11 =[[File:Istanbul M11 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m12 =[[File:Istanbul M12 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m13 =[[File:Istanbul M13 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M13 (Istanbul 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Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Tünel}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tünel}}}}}}]] | tf | teleferik | gondola =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Teleferik line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =link={{{link|Maçka Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Maçka Gondola}}}}}} | 2 =link={{{link|Eyüp Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Eyüp Gondola}}}}}} }}]] | ferry =<!-- [[File:Istanbul Şehir Hatları logo.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Ferries in Istanbul}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ferries in Istanbul}}}}}}]] --> | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus icon blue.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İDO}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İDO}}}}}}]] }} | izmir ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | b | banliyo | banliyö | izban =[[File:Train-310470 640.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İZBAN}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İZBAN}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:ESHOT Genel Müdürlüğü Logo.jpg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|ESHOT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ESHOT}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Metroİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İzmir 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C.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KAI Commuter Cikarang Loop Line}}}]] | l | loop | loopline | yellow =[[File:Jakarta KRL L.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Jatinegara–Bogor}}}]] | r | serpong | rangkasbitung | green =[[File:Jakarta KRL R.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Tanah Abang–Rangkasbitung}}}]] | t | tangerang | brown =[[File:Jakarta KRL T.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Duri–Tangerang}}}]] | tp | tanjung priok | tanjung | pink =[[File:Jakarta KRL TP.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Jakarta Kota–Tanjung Priok}}}]] | lrt =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Jakarta LRT}}}|{{{alt={{{alt|{{{link|Jakarta LRT}}}}}}}}}]] | s =[[File:Jakarta LRT S.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|LRT Line S (Jakarta LRT)}}}]] | jabodebek =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Greater Jakarta LRT}}}|{{{alt={{{alt|{{{link|Greater Jakarta LRT}}}}}}}}}]] | cb | l1 =[[File:Jakarta LRT 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logo-funi-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Funiculars of Lyon}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-metro-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon Metro}}}]] | t | tramway =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-tram-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon tramway}}}]] | tr | trolleybus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-cbus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybuses in Lyon}}}]] | {{RouteBox|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|F1|F2=Funiculars of Lyon|Lyon Metro Line {{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}|#{{rail color|Lyon Metro|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}}} }} | madrid ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | renfe =[[File:Madrid-MetroRENFE.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}]] | c | cercanias | cercanías =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-7 =[[File:C-7 red.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-8 =[[File:C-8 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-9 =[[File:C-9 orange.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-10 =[[File:C-10 lime.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | metro =[[File:MetroMadridLogoSimplified.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro}}}]] | #default =[[File:Madrid-MetroLinea{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | r | ramal =[[File:Madrid-MetroRamal.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Ramal (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | l | ligero =[[File:Stadtbahn Madrid Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero}}}]] | l1 | ml1 | ml-1 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-1}}}]] | l2 | ml2 | ml-2 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-2}}}]] | l3 | ml3 | ml-3 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-3}}}]] | bus | e | emt =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | u | urbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | i | interurbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | lr | largo | recorrido | largorecorrido =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | b | buho =[[File:MadridBusBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | ib | interurbanobuho =[[File:MadridBusInterurbanoBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | a =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaA.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b3 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] }} | malaga | málaga ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Logo metro málaga.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:MetroMalaga L1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 2 =[[File:MetroMalaga L2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] }} | manchester =[[File:Metrolink generic.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}}}}]] | manila ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lrt-1 | lrt1 | 1 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|1}} | lrt-2 | lrt2 | mrt-2 | mrt2 | 2 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|2}} | mrt-3 | mrt3 | lrt-3 | lrt3 | 3 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|3|inline=route}} | mrt-4 | mrt4 | 4 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|4|inline=route}} | lrt-5 | lrt5 | 5 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|5|inline=route}} | lrt-6 | lrt6 | 6 ={{rail color box|Manila LRT|6|inline=route}} | mrt-7 | mrt7 | 7 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|7|inline=route}} | mrt-8 | mrt8 | 8 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|8|inline=route}} | mrt-9 | mrt9 | 9 | mms ={{RouteBox|MMS|Metro Manila Subway|#{{rail color|Manila MRT|9}}}} | pnr | mc | orange = [[Image:Philippine National Railways (PNR).svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|PNR Metro Commuter Line}}}]] | nscr = {{RouteBox|NSCR|Philippine National Railways|#{{rail color|Philippine National Railways}}|black}} }} | marta =[[File:MARTA stripes logo.svg|{{{size|30}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | mashhad ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Mashhad Metro logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Mashhad Urban Railway}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | mecca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a ={{RouteBox|A|Line A (Mecca Metro)|#FFD700}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|Line B (Mecca Metro)|#009530}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|Line C (Mecca Metro)|#DC241F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|Line D (Mecca Metro)|#0354A6}} | s | shuttle ={{RouteBox|S|Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro Southern Line|#FFC0CB|#000000}} }} | medina ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Jeddah Metro)|#009530}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Jeddah Metro)|#0354A6}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Jeddah Metro)|#DC241F}} }} <!-- "melbourne" is an alias for "victoria" --> | mexicocity ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | mcm =[[File:Mexico City Metro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}}}}]] | tl =[[File:DFGGH.JPG|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}}}}]] | fs =[[File:Ferrocarril Suburbano.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:MetroDF Línea {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | miami ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrobus =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] | metromover =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metromover}}}|alt={{{alt|Metromover}}}]] | metrorail | #default =[[File:MDTMetro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] }} | minnesota ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] | blue =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Blue Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Blue Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | green =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Green Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | red =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Red Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Red Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | orange =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Orange Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Orange Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | southwest lrt|sw|southwest|lrt =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|southwest lrt}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Southwest LRT|{{white|Southwest LRT}}]]&nbsp;</span> | a =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro A Line (Minnesota)|{{white|A Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | b =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro B Line (Minnesota)|{{white|B Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | c =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro C Line (Minnesota)|{{white|C Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | d =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro D Line (Minnesota)|{{white|D Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | e =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro E Line (Minnesota)|{{white|E Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> }} | minsk ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Minsk_metro_logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Minsk Metro]] | 1 | maskowskaya =[[File:Minsk Metro First Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Maskowskaya line]] | 2 | awtazavodskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Second_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Awtazavodskaya line]] | 3 | zelenaluzhskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Third_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Zelenaluzhskaya line]] }} | mitteldeutschland = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland}}}]] }} | montreal ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:Exo.svg|24px|link={{{link|Exo (public transit)}}}]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | candiac | delson | delson-candiac =[[File:AMT_Candiac_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Candiac line]] | deux-montagnes =[[File:AMT_Deux-Montagnes_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Deux-Montagnes line]] | mascouche | repentigny-mascouche | repentigny =[[File:AMT_Mascouche_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mascouche line]] | mont-saint-hilaire =[[File:AMT_Mont-Saint-Hilaire_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mont-Saint-Hilaire line]] | saint-jerome | saint-jérôme | blainville | blainville-saint-jerome | blainville-saint-jérôme =[[File:AMT_Saint-Jérôme_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Saint-Jérôme line]] | vaudreuil | hudson | vaudreuil-hudson =[[File:AMT_Vaudreuil–Hudson_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Vaudreuil–Hudson line]] }} | metro = {{rail icon|Montreal Metro|{{lc: {{{3}}} }}|size={{{size|16}}}}} | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | express =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | night =[[File:STM Autobus Nuit.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | reserved =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | navetteor =[[File:STM Autobus NavetteOr.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | shuttle =[[File:STM Autobus Navette.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | 10min =[[File:STM Autobus 10Min.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | #default =[[File:Autobusmontréal.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] }} | rem ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] | #default =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] }} }} | mumbai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Suburban Railway}}}]] | nmm | navi | navi mumbai metro =[[File:NaviMumbaiMetro-Logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Navi Mumbai Metro}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Mumbai Metro Line 1 logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Metro}}}]] | mr | monorail =[[File:Mumbai MonoRail Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Monorail}}}]] }} | munich={{ÖPNV München|{{{2}}}|{{{size|12}}}}} | nagoya ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | h | higashiyama =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Higashiyama Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Higashiyama Line}}}]] | m | meijō | meijo =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meijō Line}}}]] | e | meikō | meiko =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meikō Line}}}]] | t | tsurumai =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Tsurumai Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tsurumai Line}}}]] | s | sakura-dōri | sakura-dori | sakuradori =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Sakura-dori Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakura-dōri Line}}}]] | k | kamiiida =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Kamiiida Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Kamiiida Line}}}]] | metro =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (black).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagoya Municipal Subway}}}]] }} | nanchang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | rt = <!-- [[File:NanChang Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | nanjing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Nanjing Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | nanning ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =<!-- [[File:Nanning Rail Transit.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}}}}]] deleted 13 August 2021 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | newcastle =[[File:TWMetro logo no text.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}}}}]] | newark =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}}}}]] | neworleans ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | stcharles | st-charles | 12 =[[St. Charles Streetcar Line|{{color box|Green}}]] | canal =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] [[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | canal-cemeteries | 47 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] | canal-city-park-museum | 48 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | riverfront | 2 | 02 =[[Riverfront Streetcar Line|{{color box|Blue}}]] | rampart-st-claude | loyola-rampart-st-claude | 49 =[[Rampart–St. Claude Streetcar Line|{{color box|Gold}}]] }} | newtaipei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | v | V = [[File:New Taipei Metro Danhai LRT Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-hái Khin-kúi}}}]] | k | K = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_K.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|An-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | s | S = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_S.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Chhim-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | lb | LB = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_LB.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sam-eng-sòaⁿ}}}]] | f | F = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_F_(Wugu-Taishan).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Gō͘-kó͘ Thài-san Khin-kúi}}}]] }} | newyork | newyorkcity | nycs | nycs-h = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | mta =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}}]] | lirr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Long Island Rail Road}}}]] | mnr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metro-North Railroad}}}]] | sir =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SIR-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|2016-2017|Std}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|15|20}}}}}px|link={{{link|Staten Island Railway}}}]] | airtrainjfk =[[File:AirTrain_JFK_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain JFK}}}]] | subway =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|New York City Subway}}}]] | #default =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 4d | 4x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-4d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="4" express train|link={{{link|4 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 5d | 5x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-5d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="5" express train|link={{{link|5 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 6d | 6x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-6d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="6" express train|link={{{link|6d (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 7d | 7x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-7d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="7" express train|link={{{link|7d (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 8 =[[File:8 (1967-1979 New York City Subway bullet).svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="8" train|link={{{link|8 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | ad | ax =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Ad{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="A" express train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | bd | bx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Bd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="B" express train|link={{{link|B (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | fd | fx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Fd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="F" express train|link={{{link|Fd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | j | z =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{{2}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|J/Z (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | mex =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|M brown|M-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=brown "M" train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | md | mx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|Md brown|Md-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="M" express train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | nd | nx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Nd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="N" express train|link={{{link|N (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | qd | qx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Qd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="Q" express train|link={{{link|Qd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | s | ss =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=shuttle train|link={{{link|S (New York City Subway service)}}}]]{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|s|[[Category:Pages using Rail-interchange with newyork-s]]<nowiki/>}} | sb | sblue =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|S blue|SR-Std-blue}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="A" Shuttle train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | sf | franklin =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | sr | rockaway =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | s42 | 42nd =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=42nd Street Shuttle|link={{{link|42nd Street Shuttle}}}]] | ssf =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SF{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | ssr =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SR{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | wd | wx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Wd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=W express train|link={{{link|W (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | jfk =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-JFK.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=JFK Express|link={{{link|JFK Express}}}]] }} | nictd =[[File:BSicon South Shore Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|South Shore Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|South Shore Line}}}}}}]] | ningbo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao Intercity Railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro = | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|fh}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity railway|#{{rail color|CRH|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | nizhny | nizhny novgorod ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:NNMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nizhny Novgorod Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nizhny Novgorod Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:NNMetro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Avtozavodskaya Line (1)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:NNMetro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sormovskaya Line (2)}}}}}}]] | 3 =[[File:NNMetro Line 3.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nagornaya Line (3)}}}}}}]] }} | njt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |#default =[[File:NJT logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|NJ Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NJ Transit}}}}}}]] | acl | atlantic city =[[Atlantic City Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Atlantic City}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">ACL</span>]] | bcl | brg | bergen | bergen county =[[Bergen County Line|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Bergen County}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BCL</span>]] | glad | gladstone =[[Gladstone Branch|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Gladstone}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">GLAD</span>]] | main =[[Main Line (NJ Transit)|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Main}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MAIN</span>]] | mdw | meadowlands =[[Meadowlands Rail Line|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Meadowlands}}; border: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MDW</span>]] | mobo | montclair-boonton =[[Montclair-Boonton Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Montclair-Boonton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MOBO</span>]] | me | morristown =[[Morristown Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Morristown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">M&E</span>]] | njcl | north jersey coast line =[[North Jersey Coast Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|North Jersey Coast}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NJCL</span>]] | nec | northeast corridor =[[Northeast Corridor Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Northeast Corridor}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NEC</span>]] | pvl | pascack valley =[[Pascack Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Pascack Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PVL</span>]] | prin | princeton =[[Princeton Branch|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Princeton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PRIN</span>]] | rvl | raritan valley =[[Raritan Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Raritan Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">RVL</span>]] }} | nottingham =[[File:NET notext logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}}}}]] | nuremberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo-Nürnberg.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg|Bus]] | r | r-bahn = [[File:Logo R-Bahn VGN.PNG|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg|R-Bahn]] | s | s-bahn = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 = [[File:Nürnberg S{{{3}}}.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=S{{{3}}} (Nuremberg)|S{{{3}}}]] | #default = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Nuremberg S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | t | tram={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 = [[File:Nürnberg T{{{3}}}.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Nuremberg|Nuremberg tramway]] | #default = [[File:Tram Nürnberg Logo.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Nuremberg|Nuremberg tramway]] }} | u | u-bahn={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 21 = [[File:Nürnberg U{{{3}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=U{{{3}}} (Nuremberg U-Bahn)|U{{{3}}}]] | #default = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Nuremberg U-Bahn|U-Bahn]] }} }} | orlando ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lynx =[[File:LYNX Transportation Logo (Symbol Only).svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Lynx (Orlando)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lynx (Orlando)}}}}}}]]}} | osaka ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Osaka Metro logo 2.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Osaka Metro}}}]] | 1 | m | midosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Midosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Midōsuji Line}}}]] | 2 | t | tanimachi =[[File:Osaka Metro Tanimachi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tanimachi Line}}}]] | 3 | y | yotsubashi =[[File:Osaka Metro Yotsubashi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Yotsubashi Line}}}]] | 4 | c | chuo =[[File:Osaka Metro Chuo line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chūō Line (Osaka)}}}]] | 5 | s | sennichimae =[[File:Osaka Metro Sennichimae line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sennichimae Line}}}]] | 6 | k | sakaisuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Sakaisuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakaisuji Line}}}]] | 7 | n | nagahori =[[File:Osaka Metro Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line}}}]] | 8 | i | imazatosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Imazatosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Imazatosuji Line}}}]] | p | nanko =[[File:Osaka Metro Nanko Port Town line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nankō Port Town Line}}}]] }} | oslo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram = [[File:Oslo_Tramway_Piktogram.svg|15px|link=Trams in Oslo]] | 11 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 19 = [[File:Oslo Tramway new {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Oslo#Line {{{2}}}}}}]] }} | ottawa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | otrain ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | #default =[[File:O-Train icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=O-Train]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trillium | 2 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] }} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trillium | 2 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] | transitway =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Transitway (Ottawa)]] | bus =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=List of OC Transpo routes]] | octranspo =[[File:OC Transpo logo.svg|{{{size|72}}}px|link=OC Transpo]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | confederationbig | 1big =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line - with border.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trilliumbig | 2big =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line - with border.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] }} | palma ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Palma.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Palma Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 | m1 =[[File:Metro Palma M1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:Metro Palma M2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}]] | cercanias | sfm =[[File:SFM.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t1 =[[File:SFM T1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t2 =[[File:SFM T2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t3 =[[File:SFM T3.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] }} | paris ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | metro =[[File:Paris transit icons - Métro{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Paris Métro {{#if:{{{3|}}}|Line {{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|14anc|14 (1937–76)|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Paris Métro {{#if:{{{3|}}}|Line {{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|14anc|14 (1937–76)|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}}}}]] | r | rer =[[File:Paris transit icons - RER{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{uc:{{{3}}}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|RER {{uc:{{{3}}}}}|Réseau Express Régional}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|RER {{{3|}}}}}}}}}]] | t | tram =[[File:Paris transit icons - Tram{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|Île-de-France tramway Line {{{3}}}|Tramways in Île-de-France}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|Île-de-France tramway Line {{{3}}}|Tramways in Île-de-France}}}}}}}}]] | i | transilien =[[File:Paris transit icons - Train{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{uc:{{{3}}}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Transilien {{#switch:{{lc:{{{3}}}}} | h|k =Paris – Nord | j|l =Paris – Saint-Lazare | n =Paris – Montparnasse | p =Paris – Est | r =Paris – Lyon | u =Line U }}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Transilien {{#switch:{{uc:{{{3}}}}} | h|k =Paris – Nord | j|l =Paris – Saint-Lazare | n =Paris – Montparnasse | p =Paris – Est | r =Paris – Lyon | u =Line U }}}}}}}}]] | a =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|}}}}}}]] | b | bus =[[File:Paris transit icons - Bus.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}}}}]] | c | cdgval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CDGVAL}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CDGVAL}}}}}}]] | g | gdslignes =[[File:Paris logo gdslignes jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SNCF}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SNCF}}}}}}]] | mo | montmartre =[[File:Paris logo montmartre jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}}}}]] | n | noctilien =[[File:Paris logo noctilien jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Noctilien}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Noctilien}}}}}}]] | o | orlyval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orlyval}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Orlyval}}}}}}]] | te | ter =[[File:Paris logo ter jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TER}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TER}}}}}}]] }} | path ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:PATH logo white.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:PATH logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] }} | perc | pery =[[File:PE Bolt.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pacific Electric}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pacific Electric}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{2|{{{showtext|}}}}}}|[[Pacific Electric]]|}} | perth ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus transfer}}}}}}]] | circle =[[File:CircleRoute icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CircleRoute}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CircleRoute}}}}}}]] | event =[[File:Transperth special event.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Special event station}}}}}}]] | indian =[[File:Indian Pacific icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Indian Pacific}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Indian Pacific}}}}}}]] | train | transperth ={{ric|Transperth|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transperth|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | philadelphia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- transit --> | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | septa-old =[[File:SEPTA_logo_1970s.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | bsl | broad street =[[Broad Street Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BSL</span>]] | brs | spur | ridge spur =[[Broad Street Line#Broad–Ridge Spur|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BRS</span>]] | mfl | market-frankford =[[Market–Frankford Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|market–frankford}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MFL</span>]] | nhsl | norristown high speed line =[[Norristown High Speed Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|nhsl}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NHSL</span>]] | patco =[[PATCO Speedline|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|PATCO}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PATCO</span>]] <!-- regional rail --> | air =[[Airport Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Airport}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">AIR</span>]] | che =[[Chestnut Hill East Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill East}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHE</span>]] | chw =[[Chestnut Hill West Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill West}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHW</span>]] | cyn =[[Cynwyd Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Cynwyd}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CYN</span>]] | gln =[[SEPTA Main Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Glenside}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">GLN</span>]] | fxc | fox =[[Fox Chase Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Fox Chase}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">FOX</span>]] | doy =[[Lansdale/Doylestown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|doylestown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">DOY</span>]] | nor =[[Manayunk/Norristown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|norristown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NOR</span>]] | elw =[[Media/Elwyn Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Media/Elwyn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ELW</span>]] | tho =[[Paoli/Thorndale Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Paoli/Thorndale}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">THO</span>]] | tre =[[Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">TRE</span>]] | war =[[Warminster Line|<span style="color: black; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Warminster}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WAR</span>]] | wtr =[[West Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|West Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WTR</span>]] | nwk =[[Wilmington/Newark Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Wilmington/Newark}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NWK</span>]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|SEPTA Route {{{2}}} }}}|#{{rail color|SEPTA|{{{2}}}}} }} }} | pittsburgh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo) white.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo).svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] }} | portland ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange | red | yellow = {{ric|TriMet|{{{2}}}|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}}}}}} | a | b | ns = {{rcb|Portland Streetcar|{{{2}}}|inline=route}} | wes =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link| WES Commuter Rail}}}}}}]] | max = {{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}}}}}} | streetcar = {{ric|Portland Streetcar|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}}}}}} | trimet | #default ={{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TriMet}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TriMet}}}}}}}} }} | porto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:PortoMetro.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] | funicular =[[File:Logo_funicular_2.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Metro do Porto linha {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] }} | prague ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | esko|e =[[File:Prag Esko Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Esko Prague}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Prague Esko}}}}}}]] | #default =[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Prague Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-size: {{{size|12}}}px; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 3px 0 3px">{{{2}}}</span>]] {{#if:{{{3|{{{text|}}}}}}|<span style="font-size: {{#if:{{{4|{{{small|}}}}}}|85|100}}%;">[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|Line {{{2}}}]]</span>|}} }} | qingdao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Qingdao Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | qom ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | rhine-neckar ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | rhine-ruhr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | riyadh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Riyadh Metro)|#0354A6}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Riyadh Metro)|#DC241F}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Riyadh Metro)|#FF9A00}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Riyadh Metro)|#FFD700}} | 5 ={{RouteBox|5|Line 5 (Riyadh Metro)|#009530}} | 6 ={{RouteBox|6|Line 6 (Riyadh Metro)|#9016B2}} }} | riodejaneiro ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metrorioicon.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Metro}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FF8500|black}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio de Janeiro)|#00AE27}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FFC400|black}} | sv =[[File:Logo da SuperVia.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SuperVia}}}]] | lrt =[[File:Vlt carioca logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Light Rail}}}]] | 1l ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio LRT)|#0D73B9}} | 2l ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio LRT)|#008000}} | 3l ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Rio LRT)|#F1C232|black}} }} | rostock ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = {{ric|Rostock S-Bahn|size=x{{{size|12}}}px}} |s1|s2|s3 = {{rcb|Rostock S-Bahn|{{{2}}}|croute}} |tram = [[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Rostock}}}]] }} | rotterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:RET metro logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rotterdam Metro}}}]] | a ={{RouteBox|A|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line A}}}|#00AA50}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line B}}}|#FFD301|black}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line C}}}|#EF1F1F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line D}}}|#1BC5E9}} | e ={{RouteBox|E|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line E}}}|#1A389A}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 3}}}|#A9218E}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 4}}}|#F4901D}} }} | sacramento =[[File:Sacramento_Regional_Transit.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}}}}]] | saintlouis | stlouis = [[File:St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}}}}]] | saintpetersburg | stpetersburg = [[File:Spb metro line{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Line {{{2}}} (Saint Petersburg Metro)]] | salzburg={{ÖPNV Salzburg|{{{2|}}}}} | sandiego ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:MTS_Bus_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of bus routes in San Diego}}}]] | coaster =[[File:Coaster_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Coaster (commuter rail)}}}]] | sprinter =[[File:Sprinter San Diego.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sprinter (light rail)}}}]] | trolley =[[File:MTS_Trolley_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|San Diego Trolley}}}]] | blue | b =[[File:San Diego Trolley Blue Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | orange | o =[[File:San Diego Trolley Orange Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | green | g =[[File:San Diego Trolley Green Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | silver | s =[[File:San Diego Trolley Silver Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Silver Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{3|{{{showtext|}}}}}}|&nbsp;[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|1|1}}|b=Blue|g=Green|o=Orange|s=Silver}} Line (San Diego Trolley)|{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|1|1}}|b=Blue|g=Green|o=Orange|s=Silver}} Line]] }} | sanfrancisco ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | muni =[[File:BSicon LOGO SFmuni.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|San Francisco Municipal Railway}}}]] | metro =[[File:BSicon LOGO SFmuni.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Muni Metro}}}]] | e =[[File:E Embarcadero logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|E Embarcadero}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|E Embarcadero}}}}}}]] | f =[[File:F Market & Wharves logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|F Market & Wharves}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|F Market & Wharves}}}}}}]] | j =[[File:J Church logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|J Church}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|J Church}}}}}}]] | k =[[File:K Ingleside logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|K Ingleside}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|K Ingleside}}}}}}]] | l =[[File:L Taraval logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|L Taraval}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|L Taraval}}}}}}]] | m =[[File:M Ocean View logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|M Ocean View}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M Ocean View}}}}}}]] | n =[[File:N Judah logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|N Judah}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|N Judah}}}}}}]] | s =[[File:S Shuttle logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|S Shuttle}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|S Shuttle}}}}}}]] | t =[[File:T Third Street logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|T Third Street}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|T Third Street}}}}}}]] | cable =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|San Francisco cable car system}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | california =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|California Street line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | powell-hyde | hyde =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Powell-Hyde line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | powell-mason | mason =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Powell-Mason line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] }} | santaclara ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue =[[File:VTA-Blue-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blue Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | green =[[File:VTA-Green-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Green Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | orange =[[File:VTA-Orange-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Orange Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon LOGO SCvta.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Santa Clara VTA}}}}}}]] }} | santiago ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Santiago Metro logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L1.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 1}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L2.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 2}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 3}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L4.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 4}}}]] | 4a =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L4A.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 4A}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 5}}}]] | 6 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 6}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L7.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 7}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L8.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 8}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L9.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 9}}}]] }} | saopaulo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metrô-SP icon.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|São Paulo Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Spmetro 1.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Spmetro 2.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Spmetro 3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Spmetro 4.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 4 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Spmetro 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 5 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 6 =[[File:L06 C.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 6 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 15 =[[File:Spmetro 15.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 15 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 16 ={{RouteBox|16|Line 16 (São Paulo Metro)|#8F00FF}} | 17 =[[File:L17 C.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 17 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 18 ={{RouteBox|18|Line 18 (São Paulo Metro)|#964b00}} | 19 ={{RouteBox|19|Line 19 (São Paulo Metro)|#0099cc}} | 20 ={{RouteBox|20|Line 20 (São Paulo Metro)|#ff3366}} | cptm =[[File:Cptmsymbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Cptm 7.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 7 (CPTM)}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Cptm 8.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 8 (CPTM)}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Cptm 9.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 9 (CPTM)}}}]] | 10 =[[File:Cptm 10.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 10 (CPTM)}}}]] | 10+ ={{RouteBox|10+|Line 10 (CPTM)|#0088B0}} | 10E | 10e ={{RouteBox|10E|Line 10 (CPTM)|#0088B0}} | 11 =[[File:Cptm 11.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 11 (CPTM)}}}]] | 12 =[[File:Cptm 12.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 12 (CPTM)}}}]] | 13 =[[File:Cptm 13.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (CPTM)}}}]] | 13AC | 13ac | ac ={{RouteBox|AC|Line 13 (CPTM)|#8FFF1F|black}} | 13AE | 13ae | ae =[[File:Spairportexpress.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 14 ={{RouteBox|14|Line 14 (CPTM)|#0A1013}} | emtu | EMTU =[[File:Spemtusymbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo}}}]] }} | sapporo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ST Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Sapporo Municipal Subway}}}]] | n | namboku =[[File:Subway SapporoNamboku.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Namboku Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Namboku Line}}}]] | t | tozai |tōzai =[[File:Subway SapporoTozai.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōzai Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Tōzai Line}}}]] | h | toho | tōhō =[[File:Subway SapporoToho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōhō Line}}}]] }} | seattle ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | link =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Link light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Link light rail}}}}}}]] | line 1 =[[File:Line 1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 (Sound Transit)]] | line 2 =[[File:Line 2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 (Sound Transit)]] | line 3 =[[File:Line 3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 (Sound Transit)]] | line 4 =[[File:Line 4 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 (Sound Transit)]] | line t =[[File:Line T (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line T (Sound Transit)]] | sounder =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}}}}]] | line n =[[File:Line N (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line N (Sound Transit)]] | line s =[[File:Line S (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line S (Sound Transit)]] | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h =[[File:{{{2}}} Line Logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|RapidRide {{{2}}} Line}}}]] | stride =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}}}}]] | stride s1 =[[File:Line S1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S1]] | stride s2 =[[File:Line S2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S2]] | stride s3 =[[File:Line S3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S3]] | stex =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder Transit Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit Express}}}}}}]] | soundtransit =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sound Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit}}}}}}]] }} | seoul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | arx =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Arex.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=AREX]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} | chun =[[File:Gyeongchun Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}}}}]] | ever =[[File:Seoul Metro Line EverLine Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Everline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Everline}}}}}}]] | gimpo =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Gimpo Goldline Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}}}}]] | gyeongjung | gye | jun =[[File:Gyeongui-Jungang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}}}}]] | gg|gyeonggang | yeoju =[[File:Gyeonggang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}}}}]] | maglev | im ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}|#{{rail color|Incheon Transit Corporation|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}} | seo | seohae =[[File:Seohae Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seohae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seohae Line}}}}}}]] | sil | sillim =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Sillim Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sillim Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sillim Line}}}}}}]] | sin =[[File:Shinbundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}}}}]] | su | bun | suin-bundang = [[File:Suin-Bundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}}}}]] | subway =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}}}}]] | ui =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Ui LRT Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Ui LRT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ui LRT}}}}}}]] | uij =[[File:Seoul Metro Line U Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|U Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U Line}}}}}}]] | [[File:Seoul Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Seoul Subway Line {{{2}}}]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} }} | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | sevilla | seville ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línea 1 Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro line 1}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] }} | shanghai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | j | jm | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shanghai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}}}}]] | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 20 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|10}}|#000}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|11}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Chongming}}}} | j | js | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Jinshan}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Maglev}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Pujiang}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shaoxing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro=<!--[[File:Shaoxing Rail Transit Logo No Text.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}}}}]]--> | 1 = {{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Shaoxing Metro)|#c5003e}} | 2 = {{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shaoxing Metro)|#036eb8}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shenyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | sheffield =[[File:Supertram generic logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}}}}]] | shenzhen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lb | luobao ={{RouteBox|Luobao|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | sk | shekou ={{RouteBox|Shekou|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lg | longgang ={{RouteBox|Longgang|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lh | longhua ={{RouteBox|Longhua|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | hz | huanzhong ={{RouteBox|Huanzhong|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenzhen Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shenzhen Metro Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}}}}]] | lb | luobao = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|1|link={{{link|}}}}} | sk | shekou = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|2|link={{{link|}}}}} | lg | longgang = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|3|link={{{link|}}}}} | lh | longhua = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|4|link={{{link|}}}}} | hz | huanzhong = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|5|link={{{link|}}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|1}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|2}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|3}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|4}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|5}}}} | #default = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | shijiazhuang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shijiazhuang Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shiraz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shiraz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Shiraz Metro}}}]] }} | shoreline =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Shore Line East}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shore Line East}}}}}}]] | smart =[[File:Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | stockholm ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | commuter =[[File:Stockholm commuter rail symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm commuter rail}}}]] | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 48 | j40 | j41 | j42 | j43 | j44 | j48 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Stockholm commuter rail|#27417A}} | metro =[[File:Stockholm metro symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm metro}}}]] | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 19 | t10 | t11 | t13 | t14 | t17 | t18 | t19 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}} (Stockholm metro)|#{{rail color|Stockholm metro|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}}}}}} | tvärbanan | tvarbanan | 22 ={{RouteBox|22|Tvärbanan|SaddleBrown}} }} | stuttgart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart S-Bahn|S-Bahn|alt=S-Bahn]] | u | stadtbahn = [[File:Stadtbahn-Logo Stuttgart.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart Stadtbahn|alt={{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}]] | sb|seilbahn = [[File:Seilbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Standseilbahn Stuttgart|alt=Seilbahn]] | vvs = [[File:VVS-Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart|alt=VVS]] | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen#Bus system|alt=Bus]] | z|zacke = [[File:Zahnradbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgart Rack Railway|alt=Zacke]] }} | sunrail =[[File:SunRail logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|SunRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SunRail}}}}}}]] | suzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | srt | metro =[[File:Suzhou Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | sydney | nsw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:TfNSW B.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Sydney}}}]] | tway | t =[[File:Sydney T-Way logo (simplified).svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|T-way}}}]] | monorail | mono =[[File:Sydney metro logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Monorail}}}]] | train =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Sydney}}}]] | t1 | north | shore | western =[[North Shore & Western Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t2 | inner | leppington =[[Inner West & Leppington Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t3 | bankstown =[[Bankstown Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T3}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t4 | eastern | illawarra =[[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T4}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t5 | cumberland =[[Cumberland Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T5}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t6 | carlingford =[[Carlingford Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|Carlingford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t7 | olympic =[[Olympic Park Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T7}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t8 | airport | south = [[Airport & South Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T8}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t9 | northern = [[Northern Line (Sydney)|<span style = "color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T9}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | south west =[[South West Rail Link|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|South West}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | metro =[[File:TfNSW M.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Metro}}}]] | nswtrainlink | regional train | countrylink | cl = [[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink}}}]] | blue =[[Blue Mountains Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|BMT}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | hunter =[[Hunter Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|HUN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | central coast | newcastle =[[Central Coast & Newcastle Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|CCN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coast =[[South Coast Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SCO}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | highlands =[[Southern Highlands Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SHL}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | light rail =[[File:TfNSW L.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Light rail in Sydney}}}]] | l1 | dulwich hill | lightrail | light =[[Dulwich Hill Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | l2 | cbd | southeast =[[CBD and South East Light Rail|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coach = [[File:TfNSW C.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Coach services}}}]] }} | tabriz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tabriz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Tabriz Metro}}}]] }} | tainan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | t ={{RouteBox|T|{{{link|TRA Line (Tainan)}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | s ={{RouteBox|Shalun|{{{link|Shalun Line}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Tainan Metro)|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taichung = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | g = [[File:Taichung Metro Green Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | b = {{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|b}}}} | o = {{RouteBox|O|{{{link|Orange Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|o}}|#000}} | r = {{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Taichung)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|r}}}} | #default = {{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Taichung Metro)|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taipei = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |br|BR=[[File:Taipei Metro Line BR.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bûn-ô͘-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |r|R=[[File:Taipei Metro Line R.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |g|G=[[File:Taipei Metro Line G.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |o|O=[[File:Taipei Metro Line O.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |bl|BR=[[File:Taipei Metro Line BL.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Pang-lâm-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |y|Y=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Y icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn)}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |lg|LG=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Wanda Zhonghe Shulin.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bān-tāi Tiong-hô Chhiū-nâ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |Rb|xinbeitou=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Xinbeitou Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sin-pak-tâu Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |Gb|xiaobitan=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Xiaobitan Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sió-phek-thâm Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |gondola=[[File:Maokong Gondola Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bâ-khang Lám-chhia}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |sb|SB=[[File:Taipei Metro Line SB.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bîn-seng Se̍k-chí Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] }} | taoyuan = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |A|a|airport=[[File:Taoyuan Metro Line Airport.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Ki-tiûⁿ Chia̍t-ūn}}}]] |G|g=[[File:TaoyuanMetroLineG.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}]] |BR|br=[[File:TaoyuanMetroLineBR_01.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Chang-sòaⁿ}}}]] }} | tbilisi = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Metro Tbilisi logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | tehran ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tehran Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro}}}}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 =[[File:Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}.png|x15px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | texas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a-train | atrain =[[File:DCTA A-train icon.png|20px|link={{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}}}}]] | tre =[[File:TRE logo.png|x14px|link={{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}}}}]] | texrail | tex =[[File:Trinity Metro TEX only.svg|20px|link={{{link|TEXRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TEXRail}}}}}}]] }} | thessaloniki | thessalonika ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | r =[[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}}}}]] | p =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro parking.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Park and ride}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Park and ride}}}}}}]] | pr =[[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}}}}]] | Π1 | ∏1 | π1 | p1 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π1}}}}}}]] | Π2 | ∏2 | π2 | p2 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π2}}}}}}]] | Π3 | ∏3 | π3 | p3 ={{#if:{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|[[{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>]]|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>}} | a =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro airport.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Thessaloniki Airport "Makedonia"}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Macedonia Airport}}}}}}]] }} | tianjin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Huaimi|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:TianjinMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Tianjin Metro Group Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | bmt =[[File:Binhai Mass Transit Development Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | 2 | 13 | b2 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|t}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Jinji|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|CRH|Tianjin–Jizhou}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | tokyo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tokyo Metro logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metro}}}]] | c | chiyoda =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line}}}|{{TSLS|C|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | f | fukutoshin | 13 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line}}}|{{TSLS|F|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | g | ginza | 3 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Ginza Line}}}|{{TSLS|G|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | h | hibiya =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line}}}|{{TSLS|H|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | m | marunouchi | 4 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|M|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | mn | mb | nakano | 4n | 4b =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|Mb|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | n | namboku | 7 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Namboku Line}}}|{{TSLS|N|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | t | tozai | tōzai | 5 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line}}}|{{TSLS|T|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | y | yurakucho | yūrakuchō | 8 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line}}}|{{TSLS|Y|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | z | hanzomon | hanzōmon =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line}}}|{{TSLS|Z|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toei =[[File:PrefSymbol-Tokyo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation}}}]] | a | asakusa | 1 =[[{{{link|Toei Asakusa Line}}}|{{TSLS|A|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | e | oedo | ōedo =[[{{{link|Toei Ōedo Line}}}|{{TSLS|E|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | i | mita =[[{{{link|Toei Mita Line}}}|{{TSLS|I|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | s | shinjuku =[[{{{link|Toei Shinjuku Line}}}|{{TSLS|S|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toden ={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|arakawa|[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Toden Arakawa Line}}}]]|[[File:BSicon exTRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Toden}}}]]}} | ks | keisei =[[File:Number prefix Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Electric Railway}}}]] | sa | skyaccess =[[File:Number prefix SkyAccess.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Narita Airport Line}}}]] | sl | shin-keisei =[[File:Number prefix Shin-Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shin-Keisei Line}}}]] | hs | hokuso =[[File:Number prefix Hokusō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokusō Line}}}]] | sr | shibayama =[[File:Number prefix Shibayama.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shibayama Railway}}}]] | kk | keikyu =[[File:Number prefix Keikyū.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keikyu}}}]] | tr | toyo =[[File:Number prefix Tōyō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōyō Rapid Railway Line}}}]] | ko | keio =[[File:Number prefix Keiō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Corporation}}}]] | in | inokashira =[[File:Number prefix Inokashira.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Inokashira Line}}}]] | en | enoden =[[File:Number prefix Enoden.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Enoshima Electric Railway Line}}}]] }} | toronto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail ={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:Lakeshore East line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:Milton line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:Kitchener line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:Barrie line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:Richmond Hill line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:Stouffville line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] }} | subway ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | 3 =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | 5 | 6 | dm | fw | j | se | sm | ww =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] | #default =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6 | fw =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | ww | w =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] }} | yonge | university | spadina | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | bloor | danforth | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | scarborough | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | sheppard | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | eglinton | crosstown | eglinton crosstown | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | finch | finch west | fw | 6 =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | sheppard east | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | jane | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | relief line | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | waterfront |waterfront west | w | ww =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | don mills | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | malvern | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] | icts =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:BSicon CLRV.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto streetcar system]] {{#switch: {{{3}}} | 501 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[501 Queen|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">501</span>|501}}]]}} | 502 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[502 Downtowner|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">502</span>|502}}]]}} | 503 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[503 Kingston Rd|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">503</span>|503}}]]}} | 504 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[504 King|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">504</span>|504}}]]}} | 505 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[505 Dundas|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">505</span>|505}}]]}} | 506 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[506 Carlton|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">506</span>|506}}]]}} | 508 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[508 Lake Shore|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">508</span>|508}}]]}} | 509 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[509 Harbourfront|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">509</span>|509}}]]}} | 510 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[510 Spadina|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">510</span>|510}}]]}} | 511 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[511 Bathurst|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">511</span>|511}}]]}} | 512 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[512 St. Clair|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">512</span>|512}}]]}} | 514 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[514 Cherry|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">514</span>|514}}]]}} }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=List of Toronto Transit Commission bus routes]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} | up | upx | up express =[[File:UP Express logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Union Pearson Express}}}]] | metrolinx =[[File:Metrolinx 2017 logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolinx}}}]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | 1big =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2big =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3big =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4big =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5big =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6big =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] }} | trirail =[[File:Tri-Rail.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Tri-Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tri-Rail}}}}}}]] | uta ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | 720 =[[File:UTA_S-Line_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|S Line (Utah Transit Authority)}}}]] | trax =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|TRAX (light rail)}}}]] | frontrunner =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|FrontRunner}}}]] | blue | 701 ={{RouteBox|701|Blue Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Blue Line}}}} | red | 703 ={{RouteBox|703|Red Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Red Line}}}} | green | 704 ={{RouteBox|704|Green Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Green Line}}}} | purple | 750 ={{RouteBox|750|FrontRunner|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|FrontRunner}}}} | #default =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Utah Transit Authority}}}]] }} | valencia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Isotip de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línia 1 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Línia 2 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Línia 3 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Línia 4 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Línia 5 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 6 =[[File:Línia 6 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Línia 7 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Línia 8 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Línia 9 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] }} | vancouver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | bl =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Coast Mountain Bus Company#B-Line]] | 95 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=95 B-Line]] | 96 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=96 B-Line]] | 97 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=97 B-Line]] | 99 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=99 B-Line]] }} | [[File:Translinkbuses.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=List of bus routes in Metro Vancouver]] }} | rapidbus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | r1 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R1 King George Blvd]] | r2 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R2 Marine Dr]] | r3 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R3 Lougheed Hwy]] | r4 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R4 41st Ave]] | r5 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R5 Hastings St]] }} | [[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=RapidBus (TransLink)]] }} | canada =[[File:Translinkcanada.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Canada Line]] | evergreen =[[File:Translinkevergreen.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Evergreen Extension]] | expo =[[File:Translinkexpo.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Expo Line (SkyTrain)]] | millennium =[[File:Translinkmillennium.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Millennium Line]] | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=SeaBus]] | translink={{#if:{{{3|}}}||[[File:Translinkwaypoint.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=TransLink (British Columbia)]]}} | wce =[[File:Translinkwce.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=West Coast Express]] }} | victoria | melbourne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train ={{error|Specify region – replace "train" with "met train" or "reg train"}} | metropolitan | metropolitan train | metro | met | met train =[[File:Melbourne train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan train}}}}}}]] | regional | regional train | vline | v/line | reg | reg train =[[File:Victoria train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Victoria}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional train}}}}}}]] | alamein | belgrave | craigieburn | cranbourne | frankston | hurstbridge | lilydale | mernda | pakenham | sandringham | sunbury | upfield | werribee | williamstown =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | albury | ararat | bairnsdale | ballarat | bendigo | echuca | geelong | maryborough | seymour | shepparton | traralgon | warrnambool =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | epsom | eaglehawk =[[Bendigo V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Bendigo}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | flemington racecourse | flemington =[[Flemington Racecourse railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Flemington Racecourse}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | glen waverley =[[Glen Waverley railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Glen Waverley}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | south morang =[[South Morang railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Mernda}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | swan hill =[[Swan Hill V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Swan Hill}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | waurn ponds =[[Geelong V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Geelong}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | wendouree =[[Ballarat V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Ballarat}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | tram =[[File:Melbourne tram logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan tram}}}}}}]] | 1 | 3 | 3a | 5 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 30 | 35 | 48 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 64 | 67 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 78 | 82 | 86 | 96 | 109 =[[Melbourne tram route {{lc:{{{2}}}}}|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|{{{2}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | cc | city circle =[[City Circle tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|35}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | bus ={{error|Specify region – replace "bus" with "met bus" or "reg bus"}} | metropolitan bus | met bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan bus}}}}}}]] | regional bus | reg bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional bus}}}}}}]] | coach =[[File:Victoria coach logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional coach}}}}}}]] | adelaide | the overland | overland | gsr | great southern rail =[[The Overland|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Journey Beyond|The Overland}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | sydney | xpt | melbourne xpt | trainlink | nsw trainlink =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Southern}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NSW TrainLink Southern}}}}}}]] | #default ={{error|Unknown value for second argument}} }} | vienna ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train =[[File:Train Austria.svg|16px|link=Transportation in Vienna#Railways]] | s-bahn | s =[[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s-main =[[File:Stammstrecke Wien.png|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s1 =[[File:S1 Wien.svg|32px|link=S1 (Vienna)]] | s2 =[[File:S2 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s3 =[[File:S3 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s4 =[[File:S4 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s7 =[[File:S7 Wien.svg|32px|link=S7 (Vienna)]] | s40 =[[File:S40 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s45 | vorortelinie =[[File:S45 Wien.svg|32px|link=S45 (Vienna)]] | s50 =[[File:S50 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s60 =[[File:S60 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s80 =[[File:S80 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | u-bahn | u =[[File:U-Bahn Wien.svg|16px|link=Vienna U-Bahn]] | u1 =[[File:Wien U1.svg|16px|link=U1 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u2 =[[File:Wien U2.svg|16px|link=U2 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u3 =[[File:Wien U3.svg|16px|link=U3 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u4 =[[File:Wien U4.svg|16px|link=U4 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u5 =[[File:Wien U5.svg|16px|link=U5 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u6 =[[File:Wien U6.svg|16px|link=U6 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | cat =[[City Airport Train|{{Bahnlinie|RB||CAT|white|#B1D355}}]] | wlb | lokalbahn =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahn]] | tram ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|}}}|white|black}}]]|[[File:Tram-Logo.svg|16px|link=Trams in Vienna]]}} | bus =[[Buses in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|Bus}}}|black|white|black}}]] | r =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||R|black|white|black}}]] | rex =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||REX|black|white|black}}]] | wiener lokalbahnen =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahnen]] <!-- depreceated, use tram|line instead --> | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 25 | 26 | 30 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 49 | 52 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 71 | d | e | o =[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{2}}}|white|black}}]] | vor | #default =[[File:Logo VOR.svg|32px|link=Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region]] }} | virgin =[[File:Virgin-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}}}}]] | vorarlberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s1 | s3 | s4 = [[File:{{uc: {{{2}}}}} Vorarlberg.png|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Vorarlberg S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{uc: {{{2}}}}}}}}]] | s-bahn | s = [[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vorarlberg S-Bahn]] }} | vre =[[File:Virginia Railway Express.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}}}}]] | warsaw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:PKP.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Polish State Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Polish State Railways}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Warsaw Metro logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 =[[File:M1-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M1}}}]] | m2 =[[File:M2-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M2}}}]] | skm =[[File:PL-SKMWA logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warszawa)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska}}}}}}]] }} | washington ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:WMATA Metro Logo small.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Washington Metro}}}]] | blue | bl | b =[[File:WMATA Blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | green | gr | g =[[File:WMATA Green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | orange | or | o =[[File:WMATA Orange{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | purple | pu | p =[[Purple Line (Maryland)|{{colorbox|purple}}]] | red | rd | r =[[File:WMATA Red.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Red Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | silver | sv | s =[[File:WMATA Silver.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Silver Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | yellow | yl | y =[[File:WMATA Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Yellow Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | streetcar = [[File:BSicon TRAM1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|DC Streetcar}}}]] }} | waterloo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Grand River Transit}}}]] | ion =[[File:Waterloo ION logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Ion rapid transit}}}]] }} | wuhan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|yl}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | wuxi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Wuxi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xi'an ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Xian Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}}}}]] | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|4}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xiamen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Amoy Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =<!--[[File:Xuzhou Metro 2019.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] nonfree image --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | yokohama ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Yokohama Municipal Subway}}}]] | blue =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Blue Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Yokohama)}}}]] | green =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Green Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Yokohama)}}}]] }} | york ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | yrt =[[File:York Region Transit logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|York Region Transit}}}]] | viva =[[File:Viva blue logo.svg|{{{size|38}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Rapid Transit}}}]] | blue =[[File:Viva blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Blue}}}]] | green =[[File:Viva green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Green}}}]] | orange =[[File:Viva orange.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Orange}}}]] | pink =[[File:Viva pink.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Pink}}}]] | purple =[[File:Viva purple.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Purple}}}]] | yellow =[[File:Viva yellow.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Yellow}}}]] }} | zaragoza ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Zaragoza tram}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Zaragoza}}}]] | tuzsa =[[File:Aiga bus on red circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Transportes Urbanos de Zaragoza}}}]] | ctaz =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Consorcio de Transportes del Área de Zaragoza}}}]] }} | zhengzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Zhengzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} <!-- GENERIC --> | air ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | base =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | field =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|List of airports}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airport interchange}}}}}}]] }} | airbase =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{2|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | airfield =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | bike | bicycle =[[File:BSicon BICYCLE.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Bicycle}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bicycle facilities}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rapid | brt =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus | tb =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS2.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] }} | cable =[[File:BSicon AETRAM.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Aerial lift}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Cable car}}}}}}]] | express =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Express train}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Express train}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Ferry}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ferry/water interchange}}}}}}]] | funicular | incline =[[File:BSicon FUNI.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular}}}}}}]] | heliport =[[File:Aiga heliport.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Heliport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heliport}}}}}}]] | heritage ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}lDAMPF.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage railway}}}}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon BRILL.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}}}}]] }} | metro | subway | underground =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | mono | monorail =[[File:BSicon_MONO.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Monorail}}}}}}]] | park | parking =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Centro other car parking large.svg|BSicon PARKING.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|15|16}}}}}px|link={{{link|Parking}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Parking}}}}}}]] | rail =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | tram | light rail =[[File:BSicon TRAM{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1||1}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|{{{1}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | wheelchair =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Handicapped Accessible sign.svg|Wheelchair symbol.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|13}}}}}px|link={{{link|Accessibility#Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Handicapped/disabled access}}}}}}]] <!-- COUNTRIES --> | at ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | öbb | obb =[[File:Logo ÖBB.svg|32px|link=Österreichische Bundesbahnen]] | westbahn =[[File:Westbahn-logo-pantone.svg|32px|link=WESTbahn]] }} | be ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SNCB logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|National Railway Company of Belgium}}}]] }} | bg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:National Railways.jpg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Bulgarian State Railways}}}]] }} | by ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Belarus-RW-Logo-notext.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}}}}]] }} | ca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | cn =[[File:CN Railway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian National Railway}}}]] | cp =[[File:Canadian_Pacific_Railway_logo_2014.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian Pacific Railway}}}]] | rail | via =[[File:VIA Rail Canada simplified.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Via Rail}}}]] }} | ch ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SBB logo simplified.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Swiss Federal Railways}}}]] }} | cn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:China Railways.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway}}}}}}]] | crh =<!-- [[File:ChinaRailwayHighspeed-notext.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}}}}]] --> | metro =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY-CHN.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] | prdir =[[File:PRDIR logo without text.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|PRDIR}}}}}}]] | mono =[[File:BSicon CHN-Mono.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] }} | de ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo_Deutsche_Bahn.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}}}}]] | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn#Germany}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u-bahn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|U-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | es ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Lgotipo de Renfe Operadora.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Renfe}}}}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías}}}]] | feve =[[File:Símbolo Renfe Feve.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Feve}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Feve}}}}}}]] }} | gb ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:National Rail logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|National Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|National Rail}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Bus transport in the United Kingdom}}}]] | birmingham =[[File:MidlandMetroGenericSymbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Midland Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Midland Metro}}}}}}]] | blackpool =[[File:Uk tram icon.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}}}}]] | edinburgh =[[File:EdinburghTramsNoText.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}}}}]] | glasgow =[[File:Glasgow Subway.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}}}}]] | leeds =[[File:WestYorksireMetro.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|West 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=[[File:Logo_NS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|w:Nederlandse Spoorwegen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Nederlandse Spoorwegen}}}}}}]] | qbz =[[File:Qbuzz logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Qbuzz}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Qbuzz}}}}}}]] | tha =[[File:Thalys.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Thalys}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Thalys}}}}}}]] | twe =[[File:Twents.jpg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|w:Keolis Nederland}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|w:Keolis Nederland}}}}}}]] }} | my ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | ktm ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | k1 ={{RouteBox|1|Seremban Line|#{{rail color|KLRT|1}}}} | k2 ={{RouteBox|2|Port Klang Line|#{{rail color|KLRT|2}}}} | komuter =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter}}}}}}]] |#default =[[File:Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}}}}]] }} | ktmkomuter =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter}}}}}}]] | rapidkl =[[File:Rapid_KL_Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid KL (brand)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid KL (brand)}}}}}}]] | rapidpenang =[[File:Rapid Penang Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid Penang}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid Penang}}}}}}]] | erl =[[File:ERL_logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Express Rail Link}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Express Rail Link}}}}}}]] | mrt =<!--[[File:MRT_Corp_brand_logo.png|{{{size|26}}}px|link={{{link|Mass Rapid Transit (Malaysia)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mass Rapid Transit (Malaysia)}}}}}}]] --> | rail ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | ic =[[File:BSicon BAHN.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Intercity}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Intercity}}}}}}]] | knorth =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter Northern Sector}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter Northern Sector}}}}}}]] | ksouth =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter Southern Sector}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter Southern Sector}}}}}}]] | ktm =[[File:Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}}}}]] | ktmk =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter}}}}}}]] | rapidkl =[[File:Rapid_KL_Logo.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid KL}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid KL}}}}}}]] | rapidpenang =[[File:Rapid Penang Logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid Penang}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid Penang}}}}}}]] }} | railic =[[File:BSicon BAHN.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Intercity}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Intercity}}}}}}]] | railets =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|KTM ETS}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM ETS}}}}}}]] | railknorth =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter Northern Sector}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter Northern Sector}}}}}}]] | railksouth =[[File:KTM Komuter logo.png|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|KTM Komuter Southern Sector}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTM Komuter Southern Sector}}}}}}]] | railhsr =[[File:BSicon exLDER.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail}}}}}}]] | ferrypk =[[File:BSicon BOOT.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Klang International Passenger Terminal}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Klang International Passenger Terminal}}}}}}]] | ferrypg =[[File:BSicon BOOT.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid Ferry}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rapid Ferry}}}}}}]] | air ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | klia =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport}}}}}}]] | klia2 =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport#klia2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport#klia2}}}}}}]] | pen =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Penang International Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Penang International Airport}}}}}}]] | sbg =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport}}}}}}]] }} | airklia =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport}}}}}}]] | airklia2 =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport#klia2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kuala Lumpur International Airport#klia2}}}}}}]] | airpen= =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Penang International Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Penang International Airport}}}}}}]] | airsbg =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport}}}}}}]] | mono | monorail =[[File:Access monorail inv.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Putrajaya Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Putrajaya Monorail}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | pudu =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}}}}]] | sunway|sw =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|BRT Sunway Line}}}]] | tbs =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}}}}]] }} | buspudu =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}}}}]] | bustbs =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}}}}]] | go ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | klb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klg =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] }} | 1 | ktmk1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|1}} | 2 | ktmk2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|2}} | 3 | rkl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|3}} | 4 | rkl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|4}} | 5 | rkl3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|5}} | 8 | rkl4 ={{rail icon|KLRT|8}} | 6 | erl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|6}} | 7 | erl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|7}} | 9 | mrt1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|9}} | 10 | ktmk3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|10}} | 11 | lrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|11}} | 12 | mrt2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|12}} | 13 | mrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|13}} | 14 | pm ={{rail icon|KLRT|14}} | 21 ={{rail icon|KLRT|21}} | 22 ={{rail icon|KLRT|22}} | n1 | padang besar | pbl ={{RouteBox|1|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|#1964b7|white|bold=}} | n2 | padang rengas | prl ={{RouteBox|2|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|green|white|bold=}} | blue | goklb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | green | goklg =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | purple | goklp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | red|goklr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | ets ={{RouteBox|ETS|KTM ETS|gold|black}} | rts ={{RouteBox|RTS|Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System|skyblue|black}} | ecr ={{RouteBox|ECR|MRL East Coast Rail Link|#{{rail color|KLRT|blue}}}} | hsr ={{RouteBox|HSR|Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail|#{{rail color|KLRT|red}}}} }} | pt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo CP 2.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Comboios de Portugal}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Comboios de Portugal}}}}}}]] }} | ru ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Russian Railways Logo.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Russian Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Russian Railways}}}}}}]] }} | sg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | branch ={{RouteBox|B|Branch MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|Branch}}}} | bp | l1 ={{RouteBox|BPLRT|Bukit Panjang LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|bp}}}} | cc | m4 ={{RouteBox|CCL|Circle MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|cc}}|#000000}} | cr | ci | m8 ={{RouteBox|CRL|Cross Island MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|cr}}|#000000}} | dt | m5 ={{RouteBox|DTL|Downtown MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|dt}}}} | ew | m2 ={{RouteBox|EWL|East West MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ew}}}} | jr | m7 ={{RouteBox|JRL|Jurong Region MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|jr}}}} | ne | m3 ={{RouteBox|NEL|North East MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ne}}}} | ns | m1 ={{RouteBox|NSL|North South MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ns}}}} | pg | l3 ={{RouteBox|PGLRT|Punggol LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|pg}}}} | sk | l2 ={{RouteBox|SKLRT|Sengkang LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|sk}}}} | te | m6 ={{RouteBox|TEL|Thomson-East Coast MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|te}}}} }} | tw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |tra|rail=[[TRA Logo.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘}}}}}}]] |thsr=[[File:Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail_symbol.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-oân Ko-thih}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|link|Tâi-oân Ko-thih}}}}}}]] |cbrt=[[File:Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Ka-gī Kong-chhia Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ka-gī Kong-chhia Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tcm=[[File:Taichung_Mass_Rapid_Transit.jpg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |ksm=[[File:Kaohsiung_Metro_Logo(Logo_Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tpm=[[File:Taipei_Metro_Logo.png|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |ntm=[[File:Taoyuan_Metro_logo.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tym=[[File:Taoyuan_Metro_logo.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] }} <!-- United Arab Emirates --> | ae ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | er ={{RouteBox|ER|Etihad Rail|#748477}} }} | us ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon TRAIN3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rail transportation in the United States#Passenger railroads}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|US Passenger rail transport}}}}}}]] | amtrak =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | amtrakbus =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | csx | csxt =[[File:CSX transp logo.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|CSX Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CSX Transportation}}}}}}]] | greyhound =[[File:Greyhound no dog.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}}}}]] | megabus =[[File:MegabusIcon.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}}}}]] }} <!-- DEFAULT --> | #default ='''Add→{{tl|rail-interchange}}''' }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> qymm22p0dsbm343qxfpeg9ye1tff4qd 3133177 3133175 2022-08-09T06:57:33Z Wikijb 35187 files tw wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc: {{{1}}} }} | abudhabi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Line 1 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#DC241F}} | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|Line 2 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#0354A6}} | l3 ={{RouteBox|L3|Line 3 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#009530}} | l4 ={{RouteBox|L4|Line 4 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#FFD700}} }} | ace =[[File:ACE_arrows.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}}}}]] | adelaide ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }}nw | rail =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Adelaide}}}]] | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Adelaide}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Adelaide}}}]] | glenelg =[[Glenelg tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Glenelg}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | belair =[[Belair railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Belair}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | flinders =[[Flinders railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Flinders}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | gawler =[[Gawler railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Gawler}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | grange =[[Grange railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Grange}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | outer harbor =[[Outer Harbor railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Outer Harbor}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | seaford =[[Seaford railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Seaford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]]T | tonsley =[[Flinders railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Flinders}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] }} | ahvaz | ahwaz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Ahvaz Metro Logo.PNG|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Ahvaz Metro}}}]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 =[[File:Ahvaz Metro Logo.PNG|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Ahvaz Metro}}}]] {{color box||'''LINE {{{2}}}'''}} [[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | airtrainewr =[[File:AirTrain_EWR_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain Newark}}}]] | albuquerque ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | nmrx =[[New Mexico Rail Runner Express|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|New Mexico Rail Runner Express|rail runner}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NMRX</span>]] | art = [[File:Albuquerque Rapid Transit logo horiz.svg|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Albuquerque Rapid Transit}}}]] }} | alicante =[[File:TRAM - Metropolitano de Alicante -T-.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Alicante Tram}}}]] | amsterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:BSicon LOGO GVB.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Amsterdam Metro}}}]] | 50 =[[Line 50 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #28903a; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">50</span>]] | 51 =[[Line 51 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #f26522; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">51</span>]] | 52 =[[Line 52 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #00adef; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">52</span>]] | 53 =[[Line 53 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #ed1c24; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">53</span>]] | 54 =[[Line 54 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: black; background-color: #ffc20e; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">54</span>]] }} | au-wa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transwa|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | baku = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Baku Subway logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Baku Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Baku Metro}}}}}}]] }} | baltimore ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | marc =[[File:MARC train.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|MARC Train}}}]] | raillink =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Baltimore Light RailLink}}}]] | subway = [[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Baltimore Metro SubwayLink}}}]] }} | bangkok ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | srt =<!-- Do not use a non-free logo here --> | bts =[[File:BTSbangkok.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|BTS Skytrain}}}]] | mrt =[[File:MRT (Bangkok) logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|MRT (Bangkok)}}}]] | bm =[[File:Bangkok Monorail Logo.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Pink Line Khae Rai–Min Buri and Yellow Line Lat Phrao–Samrong electric trains}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Blue Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Blue}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Purple Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Purple}}}} | orange ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Orange Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Orange}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|MRL|MRT Pink Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Pink}}|#000}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MRL|MRT Yellow Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Yellow}}|#000}} | light blue | lightblue ={{RouteBox|MRL|Light Blue Line (Bangkok Rapid Transit)|#{{rail color|MRT|Light Blue}}|#000}} | sukhumvit | light green | lightgreen ={{RouteBox|BTS|Sukhumvit Line|#{{rail color|BTS Skytrain|Sukhumvit}}|#000}} | bang na-suvarnabhumi | bang na | suvarnabhumi ={{RouteBox|BTS|Bang Na–Suvarnabhumi Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Silver}}|#000}} | silom | green ={{RouteBox|BTS|Silom Line|#{{rail color|BTS Skytrain|Silom}}}} | light red | lightred ={{RouteBox|SRT|SRT Light Red Line|#{{rail color|SRT Red Lines|Light Red}}|#000}} | dark red | darkred ={{RouteBox|SRT|SRT Dark Red Line|#{{rail color|SRT Red Lines|Dark Red}}}} | brown ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Brown Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Brown}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|MRL|Grey Line (Bangkok Rapid Transit)|#{{rail color|MRT|Grey}}}} | gold ={{RouteBox|MRL|BMA Gold Line|#D4AF37}} | airport | arl =[[File:ARLbangkok.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)}}}]] {{RouteBox|ARL|Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)|#{{rail color|ARL}}}} | bus|brt =[[File:Bangkok BRT logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bangkok BRT}}}]] }} | barcelona ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Bus Barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Barcelona}}}]] | fmontjuic =[[File:Fmontjuic.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular de Montjuïc}}}]] | l1 =[[File:L1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 1}}}]] | l2 =[[File:L2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 2}}}]] | l3 =[[File:L3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 3}}}]] | l4 =[[File:L4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 4}}}]] | l5 =[[File:L5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 5}}}]] | l6 =[[File:L6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | l7 =[[File:L7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | l8 =[[File:L8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia line}}}]] | l9 =[[File:L9 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 9}}}]] | l10 =[[File:L10 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 10}}}]] | l11 =[[File:L11 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 11}}}]] | l12 =[[File:L12 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | metro =[[File:Barcelona Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro}}}]] | nxb =[[File:Nou Bus.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Barcelona}}}]] | tb =[[File:Tramvia Blau.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Tramvia Blau}}}]] | trambaix =[[File:Tramvia metropolita.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix}}}]] | trambesos =[[File:Tramvia metropolita.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs}}}]] | t1 =[[File:T1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T1}}}]] | t2 =[[File:T2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T2}}}]] | t3 =[[File:T3.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T3}}}]] | t4 =[[File:T4.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T4}}}]] | t5 =[[File:T5.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T5}}}]] | t6 =[[File:T6.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T6}}}]] }} | bart =[[File:Bart-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Bay Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bay Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | basel = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |1 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|1|inline=croute}} |3 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|3|inline=croute}} |4|re = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|RE/RB|inline=croute}} |5 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|5|inline=croute}} |6 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|6|inline=croute}} |7|rb = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|RB|inline=croute}} |8|wb = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|WB|inline=croute}} |9 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|9|inline=croute}} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=Basel Regional S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | bc ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bctransit =[[File:BC-transit-wayfinder.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|BC Transit}}}]] }} | beijing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Beijing Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Beijing Subway}}}}}}]] | bcr | bsr =[[File:Bcr logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Beijing Suburban Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Beijing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | 13 ={{RouteBox|13|{{{link|Line 13 (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|13}}|#000}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Capital Airport|{{{link|Capital Airport Express}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|ap}}}} | b | bt | batong | ba tong ={{RouteBox|Batong|{{{link|Batong line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|bt}}}} | c | cp | changping ={{RouteBox|Changping|{{{link|Changping line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|cp}}}} | d | dx | daxing ={{RouteBox|Daxing|{{{link|Daxing line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|dx}}}} | f | fs | fangshan ={{RouteBox|Fangshan|{{{link|Fangshan line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|fs}}}} | p | pg | pinggu ={{RouteBox|Pinggu|{{{link|Pinggu line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|pg}}|#000000}} | n | na | newairport | new airport ={{RouteBox|Daxing Airport|{{{link|Daxing Airport Express}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|na}}}} | s1 | m | maglev | mentougou ={{RouteBox|S1|{{{link|Line S1 (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|s1}}}} | s2 | s5 | hm | huaimi | huairou-miyun | sc | sub-central ={{rcb|Beijing Suburban Railway|{{lc: {{{2}}} }}|inline=route}} | x | xj | xijiao | w | western ={{RouteBox|Xijiao|{{{link|Xijiao line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|xj}}}} | yf | yanfang ={{RouteBox|Yanfang|{{{link|Yanfang line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yf}}}} | yq | yuquanlu ={{RouteBox|Yuquanlu|{{{link|Yuquanlu line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yq}}}} | yz | yizhuang ={{RouteBox|Yizhuang|{{{link|Yizhuang line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yz}}}} | t1 | yizhuangt1 ={{RouteBox|Yizhuang T1|{{{link|Line T1 (Beijing Yizhuang Tram)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|t1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | berlin = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | b|db|r = [[File:VBB Bahn-Regionalverkehr.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Deutsche Bahn]] | bvg = [[File:Bvg-logo.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe]] | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo-BVG.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Bus transport in Berlin]] | metrobus = [[File:MetroBus.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Bus transport in Berlin]] | f = [[File:Signet Fernverkehr VBB.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=DB Fernverkehr]] | ferry = [[File:Fähre-Logo-BVG.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Ferry transport in Berlin]] | metrotram= [[File:MetroTram.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | m1 | m2 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m8 | m10 | m13 | m17 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin S-Bahn]] | s1 | s2 | s25 | s26 | s3 | s4 | s41 | s42 | s45 | s46 | s47 | s5 | s6 | s7 | s75 | s8 | s85 | s86 | s9 | s10 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin)]] | s21 = [[File:Berlin S21.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=S21 (Berlin)#Former service]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | 12 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 27 | 37 | 50 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 67 | 68 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{{2}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | u|u-bahn = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin U-Bahn]] | u1 | u2 | u3 | u4 | u5 | u55 | u6 | u7 | u8 | u9 | u10 | u11 | u12 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin U-Bahn)]] | vbb = [[File:VBB-Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg|Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB)]] }} | bilbao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Bilbao.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bilbao metro}}}}}}]] | l1 | 1 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l2 | 2 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l3 | 3 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] }} | birmingham =[[File:MidlandMetroGenericSymbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Midland Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Midland Metro}}}}}}]] | blackpool =[[File:Blackpool Transport simple logo.png|{{{size|x20}}}px|link={{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}}}}]] | bonn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] | boston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA subway}}}]] | blue | green | orange | red | silver ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};"> [[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | boat =<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA Boat|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Boat {{{3|}}}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> | bus ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA bus}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA bus|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Bus&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | rail ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Commuter Rail}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MBTA Commuter 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Link|{{white|North–South Rail Link}}]] | old colony lines | old colony =[[Old Colony Lines|{{white|Old Colony Lines}}]] | providence/stoughton | providence | stoughton =[[Providence/Stoughton Line|{{white|Providence/Stoughton Line}}]] | south coast rail | south coast | south =[[South Coast Rail|{{white|South Coast Rail}}]] }}&nbsp;</span>|}} }} }} | brampton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | zum =[[File:ZUM_logo.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link={{{link|Züm}}}]] }} | bremen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremer Straßenbahn|Bus]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Bremen|Tram]] | rs = [[File:Logo Regio S Bahn Bremen.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn]] | rs1 | rs2 | rs3 | rs4 = [[File:Bremen {{uc: {{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|alt={{{1}}}]] | s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | brightline =[[File:Brightlineicon.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Brightline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brightline}}}}}}]] | brisbane ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:QRLogoSmall.png|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Queensland Rail}}}]] }} | brussels ={{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{Ligne STIB|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-1|-1}}}} |[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Brussels Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brussels Metro}}}}}}]] }} | bucharest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] }} | budapest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:BKV m 1 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:BKV m 2 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:BKV m 3 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 4 =[[File:BKV m 4 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 4 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 5 =[[File:BKV h5 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 6 =[[File:BKV h6 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 7 =[[File:BKV h7 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 8 =[[File:BKV h8 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 9 =[[File:BKV h9 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | bus =[[File:BKV busz symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] | hév | hev =[[File:Budapest hev symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | metro =[[File:BKV_metro.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Budapest Metro}}}]] | night | nocturnal =[[File:BKK night line logo.svg|{{{size|16px}}}|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] <!-- | tram =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] | trolleybus =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] --> }} | buenos aires | buenosaires ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | =[[File:Subte gcba logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Buenos Aires Underground}}}]] | e2 | p | premetro =[[File:Línea P (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|PreMetro E2 (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | u | urquiza =[[File:Urquiza U 60px.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Urquiza Line (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | metrobus =[[File:Metrobus Buenos Aires logo.png|x{{{size|8}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | 9dejulio =[[File:Metrobus9dejulio.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 9 de Julio}}}]] | cabildo =[[File:Metrobuscabildo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Cabildo}}}]] | juanbjusto =[[File:Metrobusjuanbjusto.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Juan B. Justo}}}]] | sur =[[File:Metrobussur.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Sur}}}]] | 25demayo =[[File:Metrobus25deMayo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 25 de Mayo}}}]] | #default =[[File:Línea {{uc:{{{2}}}}} (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{uc:{{{2|}}}}} (Buenos Aires Underground)}}}]] }} | busan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan Metro}}}}}}]] | bgl | bugim =[[File:Busan-Gimhae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | donghae =[[File:Donghae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Donghae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Donghae Line}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | cahsr =[[File:California High Speed Rail.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CAHSR}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CAHSR}}}}}}]] | calgary ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ctrain =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTrain}}}]] | red ={{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Red}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Blue}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|G|{{{link|Green Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Green}}}} | max =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX (Calgary)}}}]] | orange ={{RouteBox|MO|{{{link|MAX Orange}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Orange}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MY|{{{link|MAX Yellow}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Yellow}}|#000000}} | teal ={{RouteBox|MT|{{{link|MAX Teal}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Teal}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MP|{{{link|MAX Purple}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Purple}}}} }} | caltrain =[[File:Caltrain roundel.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Caltrain}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Caltrain}}}}}}]] | canberra | au-act ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | metro | light rail ={{rail icon|Canberra Metro|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | r1 ={{rail color box|Canberra Metro|R1|inline=croute}} | r2 ={{RouteBox|R2|ACTION#R2|#f3b2db|#000000|bold=yes}} | r3 ={{RouteBox|R3|ACTION#R3|#ffdd00|#000000|bold=yes}} | r4 ={{RouteBox|R4|R4 (Canberra)|#0097ce|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r5 ={{RouteBox|R5|ACTION#R5|#dc2597|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r6 ={{RouteBox|R6|ACTION#R6|#76bc21|#000000|bold=yes}} | r7 ={{RouteBox|R7|ACTION#R7|#e07c00|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r8 ={{RouteBox|R8|ACTION#R8|#2d2a26|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r9 ={{RouteBox|R9|ACTION#R9|#97989a|#000000|bold=yes}} | r10 ={{RouteBox|R10|ACTION#R10|#aa182c|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | 59 ={{RouteBox|59||#99bbe3|#0055b8|bold=yes}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}||#0055b8|#ffffff|bold=yes}} }} | catalonia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fgc =[[File:FGC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fgctim =[[File:FGC TiM.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fvallvidrera =[[File:fvallvidrera.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vallvidrera Funicular}}}]] | nuria =[[File:Cremallera de Núria.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vall de Núria Rack Railway}}}]] | rdc =[[File:Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Rodalies de Catalunya}}}]] | r1 =[[File:R1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2 =[[File:R2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2n =[[File:R2N barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2s =[[File:R2S barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r3 =[[File:R3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R3 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r4 =[[File:R4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R4 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r5 =[[File:R5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r50 =[[File:R50 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r6 =[[File:R6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r60 =[[File:R60 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r7 =[[File:R7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R7 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r8 =[[File:R8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R8 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rg1 =[[File:RG1 girona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt1 =[[File:RT1 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt2 =[[File:RT2 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r11 =[[File:R11 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R11 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r12 =[[File:R12 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R12 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r13 =[[File:R13 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R13 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r14 =[[File:R14 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R14 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r15 =[[File:R15 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R15 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r16 =[[File:R16 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R16 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | s1 =[[File:S1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s2 =[[File:S2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s5 =[[File:S5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s55 =[[File:S55 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s33 =[[File:S33 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s4 =[[File:S4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s8 =[[File:S8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | tpc =[[File:TPC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Catalonia#Transport}}}]] }} | changchun ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway | rt = {{RouteBox|Subway|{{{link|Changchun Subway}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|#default}}}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|ap}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|bh}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|sy}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changsha ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 3 | 5 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|ml}}}} | metro =[[File:Changsha Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|Changsha Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changsha Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ChangzhouMetro.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | charleroi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |metro|#default=[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | chengdu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Chengdu Metro)|#{{rail color|Chengdu Metro|na}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Chengdu Metro icon.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{ric|Chengdu Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | chennai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Chennai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Metro}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue Line|Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Blue}} }} | green ={{RouteBox|Green Line|Green Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Green}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Chennai#Buses}}}]] | maa | airport =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai International Airport}}}]] }} | chicago ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- commuter rail --> | bnsf =[[BNSF Railway (Metra)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|BNSF}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em">BNSF</span>]] | hc =[[Heritage Corridor|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|hc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">HC</span>]] | mdn =[[Milwaukee District / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-N</span>]] | mdw =[[Milwaukee District / West Line|<span style="color: #25327b; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-W</span>]] | me =[[Metra Electric District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|me}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ME</span>]] | metra =[[File:Metramlogo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Metra}}}|alt=Metra]] | ncs =[[North Central Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|nc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NCS</span>]] | ri =[[Rock Island District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|ri}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">RI</span>]] | sws =[[SouthWest Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|sw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">SWS</span>]] | upn =[[Union Pacific / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-N</span>]] | upnw =[[Union Pacific / Northwest Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upnw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-NW</span>]] | upw =[[Union Pacific / West Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-W</span>]] <!-- rapid transit --> | l =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago "L"}}}]] | cta =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago Transit Authority}}}]] | pink = [[Pink Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Pink}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Pink</span>]] | red = [[Red Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Red}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Red</span>]] | orange = [[Orange Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Orange}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Orange</span>]] | yellow = [[Yellow Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Yellow}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Yellow</span>]] | green = [[Green Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Green}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Green</span>]] | blue = [[Blue Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Blue}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Blue</span>]] | purple = [[Purple Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Purple}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Purple</span>]] | brown = [[Brown Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Brown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Brown</span>]] | ats =[[Airport Transit System|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #ed1c23; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">ATS</span>]] }} | chongqing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | crt = <!-- [[File:CRT Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | csr =[[File:CSR Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|{{lc: {{{2|}}}}}|route|type={{{3|}}}}} | 3a ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Airport|Line 3 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#Airport branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|3|route|type=a}} }} | 6i ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Int'l Expo|Line 6 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#International Expo branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|6|route|type=i}} }} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} | cleveland =[[File:Cleveland RTA logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|GCRTA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|GCRTA}}}}}}]] | cologne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | cota =[[File:COTA alt logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | copenhagen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | m1 =[[File:M1 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M1 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:M2 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M2 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 3 | m3 =[[File:M3 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|City Circle Line}}}]] | 4 | m4 =[[File:M4 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M4 (Copenhagen)}}}]] |s =[[File:S-tog.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-train (Copenhagen)}}}]] |#default =[[File:S-train service {{{2}}}.svg|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|14}}px|link={{#if:{{{link|}}}|{{{link}}}|{{{2}}} (S-train)}}]] }} | ctfastrak =[[File:CTfastrak symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTfastrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CTfastrak}}}}}}]] | daegu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Daegu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Daegu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | dalian ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dalian Metro)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{uc: {{{2}}} }}|{{{link|Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }} (Dalian Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Dalian Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | dallas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m-line | mline | mata =[[File:M-Line Trolley logo.svg|M-Line Trolley|x16px|link={{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | lascolinas =[[File:Las_Colinas_APT_Logo.png|Las Colinas APT System|x18px|link={{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}}}}]] }} | dammam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} }} | dart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange |red ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;">[[{{{Title case|{{{2}}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{white|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}}}]]</span> |[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|<span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; vertical-align:text-top; width:0.8em; height:0.8em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}} | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Dallas Area Rapid Transit logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] }} | delhi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Metro}}}]] | airport | airport express | orange ={{RouteBox|Airport Express|Delhi Airport Metro Express|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Airport}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Blue}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|Grey{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Grey Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Grey}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|Green{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Green Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Green}}}} | magenta ={{RouteBox|Magenta{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Magenta Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Magenta}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|Pink{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Pink}}}} | red ={{RouteBox|Red{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Red Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Red}}}} | violet ={{RouteBox|Violet{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Violet}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Yellow}}}} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Delhi#Buses}}}]] }} | denver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |#default =<span style="display:inline-block; width:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} + 2}}px; height:{{{size|14}}}px; background-color:#{{rail color|RTD|{{{2}}}}}; border:1px solid white; border-radius: 3px; padding-top:2px; line-height:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 1}}px; text-align:center; ">&nbsp;[[{{{link|{{{2}}} Line (RTD)}}}|<span style="color:#fff; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; font-size:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 2}}px; white-space:nowrap; margin-left:{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|w|-3|-2}}px;">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> |g(old) | g (old) =<span style="display:inline-block; width:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} + 2}}px; height:{{{size|14}}}px; background-color:#{{rail color|RTD|G (old)}}; border:1px solid white; border-radius: 3px; padding-top:2px; line-height:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 1}}px; text-align:center; ">&nbsp;[[{{{link|R Line 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{{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dongguan Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Dongguan Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =[[File:Dongguan Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16x16}}}px|link={{{link|Dongguan Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dongguan Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dongguan Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Dongguan Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | donostialdea ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro Donostialdea.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Donostialdea}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metro Donostialdea}}}}}}]] }} | dortmund ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Dortmund Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dortmund Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | dresden={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Dresden S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dresden S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | dublin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | dart =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dublin Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dublin Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | commuter =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dublin Suburban Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dublin Suburban Rail}}}}}}]] | luas | #default =[[File:Luas simple logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Luas}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Luas}}}}}}]] }} | dubai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 ={{RouteBox|M1|Red Line (Dubai Metro)|#DC241F}} | m2 ={{RouteBox|M2|Green Line (Dubai Metro)|#009530}} | m3 ={{RouteBox|M3|Purple Line (Dubai Metro)|#9016B2}} | m4 ={{RouteBox|M4|Blue Line (Dubai Metro)|#0354A6}} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Palm Jumeirah Monorail|#748477}} | t1 ={{RouteBox|T1|Dubai Tram|#01a0b1}} | t2 ={{RouteBox|T2|Dubai Trolley|#800000}} }} | duisburg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Duisburg Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Duisburg Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | düsseldorf ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Düsseldorf Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Düsseldorf Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | edinburgh =[[File:EdinburghTramsGeneric.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}}}}]] | edmonton ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ets =[[File:Edmonton Transit System logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edmonton Transit System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edmonton Transit System}}}}}}]] | capital =[[File:MtlMetro5.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Capital Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Capital Line}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Wayside Signal Red.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metro Line}}}}}}]] | valley =[[File:MtlMetro1.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Valley Line (Edmonton)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Valley Line}}}}}}]] }} | esfahan | isfahan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Esfahan Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Isfahan Metro}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | essen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Essen Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Essen Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | eurostar =[[File:Eurostar icon RDT.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Eurostar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Eurostar}}}}}}]] | euskotren ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tren =[[File:Euskotren Trena 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color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|gf}}}} | n | nh | nanhai ={{RouteBox|Nanhai|Nanhai New Transit|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|nh}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Foshan Metro)|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | frankfurt = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rmv = [[File:Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund logo.svg|{{{size|50}}}px|link=Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund|alt=Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV)]] | rail = [[File:Eisenbahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Rapid Transit]] | bus = [[File:Omnibus-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Bus]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Rhine-Main S-Bahn]] | tram = [[File:Straßenbahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Frankfurt am Main]] | u = [[File:U-Bahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Frankfurt U-Bahn]] | #default = {{ÖPNV Frankfurt|{{{2|}}}}} }} | fuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Hok-chiu Tē-thih {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Fuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Fuzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Fuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Fuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Hok-chiu Tē-thih {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Fuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | geneva ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Transports Publics Genevois}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Transports Publics Genevois}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Mouettes Genevoises Navigation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mouettes Genevoises Navigation}}}}}}]] }} | glasgow =[[File:Glasgow Subway.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}}}}]] | gotransit | got={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail | train={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:GO Lakeshore West logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:GO Lakeshore East logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:GO Milton logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:GO Kitchener logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:GO Barrie logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:GO Richmond Hill logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:GO Stouffville logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] | midtown | seaton | locust hill =[[File:Midtown line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Midtown corridor]] }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=GO Transit bus services]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} }} | [[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | granada ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Granada.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Granada metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Granada metro}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:L1 Metro de Granada.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Granada Metro}}}]] }} | greece = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | r = [[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|TrainOSE}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TrainOSE}}}}}}]] | s = [[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|26}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos}}}}}}]] }} | guangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | apm ={{RouteBox|APM|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | k | kc ={{RouteBox|Knowledge City|Knowledge City Line|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | 9 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | a | apm ={{RouteBox|APM|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|apm}}}} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|gf}}}} | gfm =[[File:Guangfo metro (symbol).png|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangfo Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangfo Metro}}}}}}]] | k | kc ={{RouteBox|Knowledge City|Knowledge City Line|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|kc}}}} | metro =[[File:Guangzhou Metro icon.svg|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|thz1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | guiyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:GuiyangMetro.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | gwangju ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | hamburg = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s-bahn| s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg S-Bahn]] | u-bahn| u = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg U-Bahn]] | bus = [[File:Hamburg Bus-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|Bus]] | db = [[File:Deutsche Bahn AG-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=List of railway stations in Hamburg]] | r = [[File:Regionalbahn Signet HVV.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r20 = [[File:Hamburg R20.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r50 = [[File:Hamburg R50.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | akn| a = [[File:HVV Logo AKN.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=AKN Eisenbahn]] }} | hamilton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | hsr =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Hamilton Street Railway}}}]] | go | got | gotransit ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | train | a | lakeshore west | rail =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=List of GO Transit bus routes]]}}} | #default =[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | lrt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | b =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{3}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} }} | hangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|1b}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | metro =[[File:Hangzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hannover | hanover = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Hanover S-Bahn}}}]] }} | harbin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Harbin Metro)|#{{rail color|Harbin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Harbin Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Harbin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Harbin Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Harbin Metro)|#{{rail color|Harbin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hartford =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Hartford Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hartford Line}}}}}}]] | hblr =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Hudson–Bergen Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hudson–Bergen Light Rail}}}}}}]] | hefei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | heilbronn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | stadtbahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | hk | hongkong ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | lightrail ={{ric|MTR Light Rail|{{{3|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | mtr ={{ric|MTR|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|MTR|{{{2|}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} | houston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:HoustonMetroLogoOnly.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County}}}]] | red =[[File:HoustonMetroRedLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|North/Red Line (METRORail)}}}]] | green =[[File:HoustonMetroGreenLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|East End/Green Line (METRORail)}}}]] | purple =[[File:HoustonMetroPurpleLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Southeast/Purple Line (METRORail)}}}]] }} | id ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) 2020.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Kereta Api Indonesia}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kereta Api Indonesia}}}}}}]] }} | incheon ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 = [[File:Incheon Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Incheon Subway Line 1}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Incheon Subway Line 1}}}}}}]] | 2 = [[File:Incheon Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Incheon Subway Line 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Incheon Subway Line 2}}}}}}]] }} | innsbruck ={{ÖPNV Innsbruck|{{{2|}}}}} | isleofwight ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | vectis =[[File:Southern Vectis diamond logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Southern Vectis}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Southern Vectis}}}}}}]] | wightbus =[[File:Wightbus yellow blue logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Wightbus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wightbus}}}}}}]] }} | istanbul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | b | banliyö =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Banliyö Treni line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =link={{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}}}}} | 2 =link={{{link|Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line}}}}}} | #default=link={{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}} }}]] | bus | metrobus | metrobüs =[[File:Istanbul Metrobus Official_Logo.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Istanbul)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metrobus (Istanbul)}}}}}}]] | f1 | f3 | f4 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Istanbul Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 | m1a | m1b | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 | m8 | m9 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m10 =[[File:Istanbul M10 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m11 =[[File:Istanbul M11 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m12 =[[File:Istanbul M12 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m13 =[[File:Istanbul M13 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M13 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M13 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | marmaray =[[File:Istanbul Line Symbol Marmaray.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Marmaray}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Marmaray}}}}}}]] | mm =[[File:Istanbul public transport - MM line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px]] <!-- Mini-Metro --> | t1 | t4 | t5 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul modern tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}}}]] | t2 =[[File:Istanbul T2 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | t3 =[[File:Istanbul T3 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | nt | nostaljik tramvay =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Nostaljik Tramvay symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}}}}]] | t | tunel | tünel =[[File:Istanbul F2 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Tünel}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tünel}}}}}}]] | tf | teleferik | gondola =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Teleferik line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =link={{{link|Maçka Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Maçka Gondola}}}}}} | 2 =link={{{link|Eyüp Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Eyüp Gondola}}}}}} }}]] | ferry =<!-- [[File:Istanbul Şehir Hatları logo.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Ferries in Istanbul}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ferries in Istanbul}}}}}}]] --> | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus icon blue.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İDO}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İDO}}}}}}]] }} | izmir ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | b | banliyo | banliyö | izban =[[File:Train-310470 640.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İZBAN}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İZBAN}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:ESHOT Genel Müdürlüğü Logo.jpg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|ESHOT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ESHOT}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Metroİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İzmir Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İzmir Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 =[[File: Stationsschild Izmir Metro.png |{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M1 (İzmir Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M1 (İzmir Metro)}}}}}}]] | t1 | karşıyakatram | karsiyakatram =[[File:Tramİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Karşıyaka Tram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T1}}}}}}]] | t2 | konaktram =[[File:Tramİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Konak Tram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | ferry | seabus =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İzdeniz}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İzdeniz}}}}}}]] }} | jaipur ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | metro =[[File:Jaipur Metro Logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Jaipur Metro}}}]] }} | jakarta ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | arl =[[File:Jakarta KRL A.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link}}}]] | b | central | red | bogor =[[File:Jakarta KRL B.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KAI Commuter Bogor Line}}}]] | c | bekasi | cikarang | blue =[[File:Jakarta KRL C.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KAI Commuter Cikarang Loop Line}}}]] | l | loop | loopline | yellow =[[File:Jakarta KRL L.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Jatinegara–Bogor}}}]] | r | serpong | rangkasbitung | green =[[File:Jakarta KRL R.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Tanah Abang–Rangkasbitung}}}]] | t | tangerang | brown =[[File:Jakarta KRL T.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Duri–Tangerang}}}]] | tp | tanjung priok | tanjung | pink =[[File:Jakarta KRL TP.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KA Commuter Line Jakarta Kota–Tanjung Priok}}}]] | lrt =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Jakarta LRT}}}|{{{alt={{{alt|{{{link|Jakarta LRT}}}}}}}}}]] | s =[[File:Jakarta LRT S.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|LRT Line S (Jakarta LRT)}}}]] | jabodebek =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Greater Jakarta LRT}}}|{{{alt={{{alt|{{{link|Greater Jakarta LRT}}}}}}}}}]] | cb | l1 =[[File:Jakarta LRT CB.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|LRT Line 1 (Greater Jakarta LRT)}}}]] | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|LRT Line 2 (Greater Jakarta LRT)|#9016B2}} | bk | l3 =[[File:Jakarta LRT BK.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|LRT Line 3 (Greater Jakarta LRT)}}}]] | mrt =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Jakarta MRT}}}|{{{alt={{{alt|{{{link|Jakarta MRT}}}}}}}}}]] | m1 | m =[[File:Jakarta - MRT Jakarta North South Line Icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|MRT Line 1 (Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit)}}}]] | m2 ={{RouteBox|M2|MRT Line 2 (Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit)|#009530}} | skytrain =[[File:Jakarta Skytrain.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain}}}]] | tj =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TransJakarta}}}]] | tjk1 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 1.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 1}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 1 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk2 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 2.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 2 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk2a =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 2A.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 2 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk2c =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 2C.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 2 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk2d =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 2D.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 2 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk3 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 3}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 3 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk4 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 4.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 4}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 4 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk4d =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 4D.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 4}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 4 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk5 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 5}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 5 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk5c =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 5C.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 5}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 5 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk5d =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 5D.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 5}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 5 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk5e =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 5E.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 5}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 5 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk6 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 6}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 6 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk6a =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 6A.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 6}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 6 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk6b =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 6B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 6}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 6 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk7 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 7.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 7}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 7 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk8 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 8.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 8}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 8 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk8a =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 8A.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 8}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 8 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk9 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 9.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 9}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 9 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk9a =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 9A.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 9}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 9 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk9b =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 9B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 9}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 9 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk9c =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 9C.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 9}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 9 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk10 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 10.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 10}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 10 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk11 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 11.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 11}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 11 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk12 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 12.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 12}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 12 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk13 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 13.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 13}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 13 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk14 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 14.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 14}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 14 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] | tjk15 =[[File:TransJakarta roundel 15.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of TransJakarta corridors#Corridor 15}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Koridor 15 Transjakarta}}}}}}]] }} | jeddah ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Jeddah Metro)|#0354A6}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Jeddah Metro)|#FF9A00}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Jeddah Metro)|#DC241F}} }} | jinan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:JinanMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Jinan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Jinan Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|{{{link|Line 1 (Jinan Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Jinan Metro|1}}|#000}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|{{{link|Line 2 (Jinan Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Jinan Metro|2}}|#000}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|{{{link|Line 3 (Jinan Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Jinan Metro|3}}|#000}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|{{{link|Line 4 (Jinan Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Jinan Metro|4}}|#000}} | 5 ={{RouteBox|5|{{{link|Line 5 (Jinan Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Jinan Metro|5}}|#000}} | 6 ={{RouteBox|6|{{{link|Line 6 (Jinan Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Jinan Metro|6}}|#000}} }} | kaohsiung={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | r = [[File:Kaohsiung MRT Red Line.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Âng-sòaⁿ}}}]] | o = [[File:Kaohsiung Metro Orange Line.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Kiat-sòaⁿ}}}]] | c = [[File:Kaohsiung LRT Circular Line.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Ko-hiông Khoân-chōng Khin-kúi}}}]] | y = [[File:Kaohsiung_Rapid_Transit_Yellow_Line.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn N̂g-sòaⁿ}}}]] }} | karaj ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:لوگو قطار شهری کرج و حومه.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Karaj Metro}}}]] | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 =[[File:لوگو قطار شهری کرج و حومه.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Karaj Metro}}}]] {{color box||'''LINE {{{2}}}'''}} [[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | karlsruhe = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Karlsruhe Stadtbahn}}}]] |rail = [[File:Logo_Deutsche_Bahn.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | kharkiv ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Kiev Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|border|link={{{link|Line 1 (Kharkiv Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Red Line 1}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Kiev Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|border|link={{{link|Line 2 (Kharkiv Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blue Line 2}}}}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Kiev Metro Line 3.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|border|link={{{link|Line 3 (Kharkiv Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Green Line 3}}}}}}]] }} | kermanshah ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =<!--[[File:Kermanshah Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Kermanshah Metro}}}]] (logo deleted)--> }} | kiev|kyiv ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Kiev Metro First Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sviatoshynsko-Brovarska Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 1}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Kiev Metro Second Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Obolonsko–Teremkivska Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 2}}}}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Kiev Metro Third Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Syretsko-Pecherska Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 3}}}}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Kiev Metro Line 4.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Podilsko-Vyhurivska Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 4}}}}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Kiev Metro Line 5.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Livoberezhna Line (Kiev Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 5}}}}}}]] | e | u =[[File:Kyiv Urban Electric Train.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kiev Urban Electric Train}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|}}}}}}]] | f =[[File:Kiev Funicular logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kiev Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular}}}}}}]] | t | l =[[File:Kiev T logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kiev Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Light Rail}}}}}}]] | m = [[File:KyivMetroLogo.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kyiv Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kyiv Metro}}}}}}]] }} | kobe ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Kobe Municipal Subway Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Kobe Municipal Subway}}}]] | k | kaigan =[[File:Subway KobeKaigan.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Kaigan Line}}}]] | s | seishin =[[File:Subway KobeSeishin.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Seishin-Yamate Line}}}]] }} | kolkata ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kolkata Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Kolkata Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kolkata Metro}}}]] | ewm | ew metro =[[File:Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Kolkata Metro}}}]] | line 1 | blue line ={{RouteBox|Blue Line|Kolkata Metro Line 1|#005EEE|WHITE|bold=yes}} | line 2 | green line ={{RouteBox|Green Line|Kolkata Metro Line 2|GREEN|WHITE|bold=yes}} | line 3 | purple line ={{RouteBox|Purple Line|Kolkata Metro Line 3|#800080|WHITE|bold=yes}} | line 4 | yellow line ={{RouteBox|Yellow Line|Kolkata Metro Line 4|#FFE800|BLACK|bold=yes}} | line 5 | pink line ={{RouteBox|Pink Line|Kolkata Metro Line 5|#FFADEC|BLACK|bold=yes}} | line 6 | orange line ={{RouteBox|Orange Line|Kolkata Metro Line 6|#FF8F00|WHITE|bold=yes}} | tram =[[File:Calcutta Tramways Company (logo).gif|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Kolkata}}}]] | bus =[[File:Kolkata bus.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Kolkata#Buses}}}]] | ferry =[[File:BSicon FERRY.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Kolkata#Port and water-transport}}}]] }} | kualalumpur | kuala lumpur =[[File:Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Keretapi Tanah Melayu}}}}}}]] | kunming ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Kunming Metro)|#{{rail color|Kunming Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Kunming Metro)|#{{rail color|Kunming Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | kyoto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Kyoto MTB Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Kyoto Municipal Subway}}}]] | k | karasuma =[[File:Subway KyotoKarasuma.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Karasuma Line}}}]] | t | tozai =[[File:Subway KyotoTozai.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōzai Line (Kyoto)}}}]] }} | lanzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (LanzhouMetro)|#{{rail color|Lanzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:LanzhouRailTransit.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Lanzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lanzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Lanzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Lanzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | lary ={{rbox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} (Los Angeles Railway)|#{{rail color|Los Angeles Railway}}|black}} | lille ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Lille Metro Logo 2017.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 | 2 =[[File:Symbole Lille {{{2}}}.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille Metro}}}}}}]] | tramway =[[File:Lille Tramway Logo 2017.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille tramway}}}}}}]] | r | t =[[File:Symbole Lille {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille tramway}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:Lille Bus Logo 2017.svg|13x13px|link={{{link|Lille buses}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lille buses}}}}}}]] }} | lisboa |lisbon ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metropolitano Lisboa logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]] | azul | blue =[[File:MetroLisboa-linha-azul.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Lisbon Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]] | amarela | yellow =[[File:MetroLisboa-linha-amarela.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Yellow Line (Lisbon Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]] | verde | green ={{nbsp}}<!--[[File:MetroLisboa-linha-verde.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Lisbon Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]]--> | vermelha | red =[[File:MetroLisboa-linha-vermelha.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Red Line (Lisbon Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lisbon Metro}}}}}}]] }} | leeds =[[File:WestYorksireMetro.png|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}}}}]] | liverpool =[[File:Merseyrail alternative logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Merseyrail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Merseyrail}}}}}}]] | lombardy = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | r = [[File:Logomi r.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Trenord}}}|alt={{{alt|Regionale}}}]] | s = [[File:Linee S di Milano.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Milan suburban railway service}}}|alt={{{alt|Milan suburban railway service}}}]] }} | london ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:London Buses square.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|London Buses}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|London Buses}}}}}}]] | crossrail =[[File:Elizabeth line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Elizabeth line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Elizabeth line}}}}}}]] | crossrail2 =[[File:Crossrail2.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Crossrail 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Crossrail 2}}}}}}]] | dlr =[[File:DLR no-text roundel.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Docklands Light Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Docklands Light Railway}}}}}}]] | cablecar =[[File:London AirLine Roundel.png|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|London Cable Car}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|London Cable Car}}}}}}]] | heathrowexpress =[[File:Heathrow Express icon RDT.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Heathrow Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heathrow Express}}}}}}]] | overground ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | north | east | south | west =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{3}}}}} London Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{3}}}}} London Line}}}}}}]] | gospel | goblin | barking =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Gospel Oak to Barking line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gospel Oak to Barking line}}}}}}]] | lea | lea valley =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Lea Valley lines}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lea Valley lines}}}}}}]] | romford | upminster =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Romford–Upminster line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Romford–Upminster line}}}}}}]] | watford =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Watford DC line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Watford DC Line}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Overground roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|London Overground}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|London Overground}}}}}}]] }} | tram =[[File:Tramlink no-text roundel.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tramlink{{#if:{{{3|}}}| route {{{3}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tramlink{{#if:{{{3|}}}| route {{{3}}}}}}}}}}}]] | rail =[[File:National Rail logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|National Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|National Rail}}}}}}]] | thameslink =[[File:ThameslinkSymbol.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Thameslink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Thameslink}}}}}}]] | underground =[[File:Underground no-text.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|London Underground}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|London Underground}}}}}}]] | river =[[File:BSicon FERRY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|London River Services}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|London River Services}}}}}}]] | bakerloo | district | elizabeth | jubilee | metropolitan | northern | piccadilly | victoria =[[File:{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} Line}}}}}}]] | central | circle =[[File:{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line (London Underground)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line (London Underground)}}}}}}]] | east london =[[File:East London line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|East London line#The London Underground era}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|East London line}}}}}}]] | fleet =[[File:Fleet line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Fleet line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Fleet Line}}}}}}]] | h&c =[[File:H&c line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Hammersmith & City line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hammersmith & City Line}}}}}}]] | w&c =[[File:W&c line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Waterloo & City line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Waterloo & City Line}}}}}}]] }} | losangeles ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrolink ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{4|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|Metrolink (California)|{{{3}}}}}; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;">[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} Line{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|1|1}}|r| (Metrolink)|}}|{{white|{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}}}]]</span> |[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} Line|<span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; vertical-align:text-top; width:0.8em; height:0.8em; background:#{{rail color|Metrolink (California)|{{{3}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{4|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} Line {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|1|1}}|r| (Metrolink)|}}|{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}}|[[File:Metrolink icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolink (California)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metrolink (California)}}}}}}]]}} | lacmta ={{LACMTA link logo{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}showtext{{=}}yes|}}}} | {{LACMTA icon|{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}showtext=yes|}}}} }} | lyon ={{#switch:{{lc:{{{2}}}}} | bus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-bus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Lyon}}}]] | f | funicular =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-funi-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Funiculars of Lyon}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-metro-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon Metro}}}]] | t | tramway =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-tram-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon tramway}}}]] | tr | trolleybus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-cbus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybuses in Lyon}}}]] | {{RouteBox|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|F1|F2=Funiculars of Lyon|Lyon Metro Line {{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}|#{{rail color|Lyon Metro|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}}} }} | madrid ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | renfe =[[File:Madrid-MetroRENFE.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}]] | c | cercanias | cercanías =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-7 =[[File:C-7 red.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-8 =[[File:C-8 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-9 =[[File:C-9 orange.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-10 =[[File:C-10 lime.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | metro =[[File:MetroMadridLogoSimplified.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro}}}]] | #default =[[File:Madrid-MetroLinea{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | r | ramal =[[File:Madrid-MetroRamal.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Ramal (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | l | ligero =[[File:Stadtbahn Madrid Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero}}}]] | l1 | ml1 | ml-1 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-1}}}]] | l2 | ml2 | ml-2 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-2}}}]] | l3 | ml3 | ml-3 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-3}}}]] | bus | e | emt =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | u | urbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | i | interurbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | lr | largo | recorrido | largorecorrido =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | b | buho =[[File:MadridBusBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | ib | interurbanobuho =[[File:MadridBusInterurbanoBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | a =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaA.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b3 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] }} | malaga | málaga ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Logo metro málaga.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:MetroMalaga L1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 2 =[[File:MetroMalaga L2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] }} | manchester =[[File:Metrolink generic.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}}}}]] | manila ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lrt-1 | lrt1 | 1 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|1}} | lrt-2 | lrt2 | mrt-2 | mrt2 | 2 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|2}} | mrt-3 | mrt3 | lrt-3 | lrt3 | 3 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|3|inline=route}} | mrt-4 | mrt4 | 4 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|4|inline=route}} | lrt-5 | lrt5 | 5 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|5|inline=route}} | lrt-6 | lrt6 | 6 ={{rail color box|Manila LRT|6|inline=route}} | mrt-7 | mrt7 | 7 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|7|inline=route}} | mrt-8 | mrt8 | 8 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|8|inline=route}} | mrt-9 | mrt9 | 9 | mms ={{RouteBox|MMS|Metro Manila Subway|#{{rail color|Manila MRT|9}}}} | pnr | mc | orange = [[Image:Philippine National Railways (PNR).svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|PNR Metro Commuter Line}}}]] | nscr = {{RouteBox|NSCR|Philippine National Railways|#{{rail color|Philippine National Railways}}|black}} }} | marta =[[File:MARTA stripes logo.svg|{{{size|30}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | mashhad ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Mashhad Metro logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Mashhad Urban Railway}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | mecca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a ={{RouteBox|A|Line A (Mecca Metro)|#FFD700}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|Line B (Mecca Metro)|#009530}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|Line C (Mecca Metro)|#DC241F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|Line D (Mecca Metro)|#0354A6}} | s | shuttle ={{RouteBox|S|Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro Southern Line|#FFC0CB|#000000}} }} | medina ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Jeddah Metro)|#009530}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Jeddah Metro)|#0354A6}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Jeddah Metro)|#DC241F}} }} <!-- "melbourne" is an alias for "victoria" --> | mexicocity ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | mcm =[[File:Mexico City Metro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}}}}]] | tl =[[File:DFGGH.JPG|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}}}}]] | fs =[[File:Ferrocarril Suburbano.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:MetroDF Línea {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | miami ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrobus =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] | metromover =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metromover}}}|alt={{{alt|Metromover}}}]] | metrorail | #default =[[File:MDTMetro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] }} | minnesota ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] | blue =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Blue Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Blue Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | green =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Green Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | red =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Red Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Red Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | orange =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Orange Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Orange Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | southwest lrt|sw|southwest|lrt =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|southwest lrt}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Southwest LRT|{{white|Southwest LRT}}]]&nbsp;</span> | a =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro A Line (Minnesota)|{{white|A Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | b =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro B Line (Minnesota)|{{white|B Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | c =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro C Line (Minnesota)|{{white|C Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | d =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro D Line (Minnesota)|{{white|D Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | e =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro E Line (Minnesota)|{{white|E Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> }} | minsk ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Minsk_metro_logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Minsk Metro]] | 1 | maskowskaya =[[File:Minsk Metro First Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Maskowskaya line]] | 2 | awtazavodskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Second_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Awtazavodskaya line]] | 3 | zelenaluzhskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Third_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Zelenaluzhskaya line]] }} | mitteldeutschland = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland}}}]] }} | montreal ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:Exo.svg|24px|link={{{link|Exo (public transit)}}}]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | candiac | delson | delson-candiac =[[File:AMT_Candiac_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Candiac line]] | deux-montagnes =[[File:AMT_Deux-Montagnes_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Deux-Montagnes line]] | mascouche | repentigny-mascouche | repentigny =[[File:AMT_Mascouche_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mascouche line]] | mont-saint-hilaire =[[File:AMT_Mont-Saint-Hilaire_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mont-Saint-Hilaire line]] | saint-jerome | saint-jérôme | blainville | blainville-saint-jerome | blainville-saint-jérôme =[[File:AMT_Saint-Jérôme_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Saint-Jérôme line]] | vaudreuil | hudson | vaudreuil-hudson =[[File:AMT_Vaudreuil–Hudson_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Vaudreuil–Hudson line]] }} | metro = {{rail icon|Montreal Metro|{{lc: {{{3}}} }}|size={{{size|16}}}}} | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | express =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | night =[[File:STM Autobus Nuit.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | reserved =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | navetteor =[[File:STM Autobus NavetteOr.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | shuttle =[[File:STM Autobus Navette.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | 10min =[[File:STM Autobus 10Min.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | #default =[[File:Autobusmontréal.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] }} | rem ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] | #default =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] }} }} | mumbai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Suburban Railway}}}]] | nmm | navi | navi mumbai metro =[[File:NaviMumbaiMetro-Logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Navi Mumbai Metro}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Mumbai Metro Line 1 logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Metro}}}]] | mr | monorail =[[File:Mumbai MonoRail Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Monorail}}}]] }} | munich={{ÖPNV München|{{{2}}}|{{{size|12}}}}} | nagoya ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | h | higashiyama =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Higashiyama Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Higashiyama Line}}}]] | m | meijō | meijo =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meijō Line}}}]] | e | meikō | meiko =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meikō Line}}}]] | t | tsurumai =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Tsurumai Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tsurumai Line}}}]] | s | sakura-dōri | sakura-dori | sakuradori =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Sakura-dori Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakura-dōri Line}}}]] | k | kamiiida =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Kamiiida Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Kamiiida Line}}}]] | metro =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (black).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagoya Municipal Subway}}}]] }} | nanchang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | rt = <!-- [[File:NanChang Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | nanjing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Nanjing Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | nanning ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =<!-- [[File:Nanning Rail Transit.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}}}}]] deleted 13 August 2021 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | newcastle =[[File:TWMetro logo no text.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}}}}]] | newark =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}}}}]] | neworleans ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | stcharles | st-charles | 12 =[[St. Charles Streetcar Line|{{color box|Green}}]] | canal =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] [[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | canal-cemeteries | 47 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] | canal-city-park-museum | 48 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | riverfront | 2 | 02 =[[Riverfront Streetcar Line|{{color box|Blue}}]] | rampart-st-claude | loyola-rampart-st-claude | 49 =[[Rampart–St. Claude Streetcar Line|{{color box|Gold}}]] }} | newtaipei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | v | V = [[File:New Taipei Metro Danhai LRT Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-hái Khin-kúi}}}]] | k | K = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_K.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|An-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | s | S = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_S.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Chhim-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | lb | LB = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_LB.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sam-eng-sòaⁿ}}}]] | f | F = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_F_(Wugu-Taishan).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Gō͘-kó͘ Thài-san Khin-kúi}}}]] }} | newyork | newyorkcity | nycs | nycs-h = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | mta =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}}]] | lirr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Long Island Rail Road}}}]] | mnr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metro-North Railroad}}}]] | sir =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SIR-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|2016-2017|Std}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|15|20}}}}}px|link={{{link|Staten Island Railway}}}]] | airtrainjfk =[[File:AirTrain_JFK_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain JFK}}}]] | subway =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|New York City Subway}}}]] | #default =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 4d | 4x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-4d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="4" express train|link={{{link|4 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 5d | 5x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-5d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="5" express train|link={{{link|5 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 6d | 6x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-6d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="6" express train|link={{{link|6d (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 7d | 7x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-7d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="7" express train|link={{{link|7d (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 8 =[[File:8 (1967-1979 New York City Subway bullet).svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="8" train|link={{{link|8 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | ad | ax =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Ad{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="A" express train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | bd | bx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Bd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="B" express train|link={{{link|B (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | fd | fx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Fd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="F" express train|link={{{link|Fd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | j | z =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{{2}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|J/Z (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | mex =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|M brown|M-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=brown "M" train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | md | mx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|Md brown|Md-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="M" express train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | nd | nx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Nd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="N" express train|link={{{link|N (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | qd | qx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Qd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="Q" express train|link={{{link|Qd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | s | ss =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=shuttle train|link={{{link|S (New York City Subway service)}}}]]{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|s|[[Category:Pages using Rail-interchange with newyork-s]]<nowiki/>}} | sb | sblue =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|S blue|SR-Std-blue}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="A" Shuttle train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | sf | franklin =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | sr | rockaway =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | s42 | 42nd =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=42nd Street Shuttle|link={{{link|42nd Street Shuttle}}}]] | ssf =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SF{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | ssr =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SR{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | wd | wx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Wd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=W express train|link={{{link|W (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | jfk =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-JFK.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=JFK Express|link={{{link|JFK Express}}}]] }} | nictd =[[File:BSicon South Shore Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|South Shore Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|South Shore Line}}}}}}]] | ningbo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao Intercity Railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro = | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|fh}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity railway|#{{rail color|CRH|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | nizhny | nizhny novgorod ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:NNMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nizhny Novgorod Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nizhny Novgorod Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:NNMetro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Avtozavodskaya Line (1)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:NNMetro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sormovskaya Line (2)}}}}}}]] | 3 =[[File:NNMetro Line 3.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nagornaya Line (3)}}}}}}]] }} | njt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |#default =[[File:NJT logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|NJ Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NJ Transit}}}}}}]] | acl | atlantic city =[[Atlantic City Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Atlantic City}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">ACL</span>]] | bcl | brg | bergen | bergen county =[[Bergen County Line|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Bergen County}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BCL</span>]] | glad | gladstone =[[Gladstone Branch|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Gladstone}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">GLAD</span>]] | main =[[Main Line (NJ Transit)|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Main}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MAIN</span>]] | mdw | meadowlands =[[Meadowlands Rail Line|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Meadowlands}}; border: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MDW</span>]] | mobo | montclair-boonton =[[Montclair-Boonton Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Montclair-Boonton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MOBO</span>]] | me | morristown =[[Morristown Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Morristown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">M&E</span>]] | njcl | north jersey coast line =[[North Jersey Coast Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|North Jersey Coast}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NJCL</span>]] | nec | northeast corridor =[[Northeast Corridor Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Northeast Corridor}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NEC</span>]] | pvl | pascack valley =[[Pascack Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Pascack Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PVL</span>]] | prin | princeton =[[Princeton Branch|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Princeton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PRIN</span>]] | rvl | raritan valley =[[Raritan Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Raritan Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">RVL</span>]] }} | nottingham =[[File:NET notext logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}}}}]] | nuremberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo-Nürnberg.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg|Bus]] | r | r-bahn = [[File:Logo R-Bahn VGN.PNG|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg|R-Bahn]] | s | s-bahn = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 = [[File:Nürnberg S{{{3}}}.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=S{{{3}}} (Nuremberg)|S{{{3}}}]] | #default = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Nuremberg S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | t | tram={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 = [[File:Nürnberg T{{{3}}}.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Nuremberg|Nuremberg tramway]] | #default = [[File:Tram Nürnberg Logo.png|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Nuremberg|Nuremberg tramway]] }} | u | u-bahn={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 21 = [[File:Nürnberg U{{{3}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=U{{{3}}} (Nuremberg U-Bahn)|U{{{3}}}]] | #default = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Nuremberg U-Bahn|U-Bahn]] }} }} | orlando ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lynx =[[File:LYNX Transportation Logo (Symbol Only).svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Lynx (Orlando)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Lynx (Orlando)}}}}}}]]}} | osaka ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Osaka Metro logo 2.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Osaka Metro}}}]] | 1 | m | midosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Midosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Midōsuji Line}}}]] | 2 | t | tanimachi =[[File:Osaka Metro Tanimachi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tanimachi Line}}}]] | 3 | y | yotsubashi =[[File:Osaka Metro Yotsubashi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Yotsubashi Line}}}]] | 4 | c | chuo =[[File:Osaka Metro Chuo line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chūō Line (Osaka)}}}]] | 5 | s | sennichimae =[[File:Osaka Metro Sennichimae line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sennichimae Line}}}]] | 6 | k | sakaisuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Sakaisuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakaisuji Line}}}]] | 7 | n | nagahori =[[File:Osaka Metro Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line}}}]] | 8 | i | imazatosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Imazatosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Imazatosuji Line}}}]] | p | nanko =[[File:Osaka Metro Nanko Port Town line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nankō Port Town Line}}}]] }} | oslo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram = [[File:Oslo_Tramway_Piktogram.svg|15px|link=Trams in Oslo]] | 11 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 19 = [[File:Oslo Tramway new {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Oslo#Line {{{2}}}}}}]] }} | ottawa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | otrain ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | #default =[[File:O-Train icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=O-Train]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trillium | 2 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] }} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trillium | 2 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] | transitway =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Transitway (Ottawa)]] | bus =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=List of OC Transpo routes]] | octranspo =[[File:OC Transpo logo.svg|{{{size|72}}}px|link=OC Transpo]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | confederationbig | 1big =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation Line - with border.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Confederation Line]] | trilliumbig | 2big =[[File:Ottawa - Line 2 Trillium Line - with border.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Trillium Line]] }} | palma ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Palma.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Palma Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 | m1 =[[File:Metro Palma M1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:Metro Palma M2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Palma Metro}}}]] | cercanias | sfm =[[File:SFM.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t1 =[[File:SFM T1.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t2 =[[File:SFM T2.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] | t3 =[[File:SFM T3.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca}}}]] }} | paris ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | metro =[[File:Paris transit icons - Métro{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Paris Métro {{#if:{{{3|}}}|Line {{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|14anc|14 (1937–76)|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Paris Métro {{#if:{{{3|}}}|Line {{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|14anc|14 (1937–76)|{{{3}}}}}}}}}}}}}]] | r | rer =[[File:Paris transit icons - RER{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{uc:{{{3}}}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|RER {{uc:{{{3}}}}}|Réseau Express Régional}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|RER {{{3|}}}}}}}}}]] | t | tram =[[File:Paris transit icons - Tram{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|Île-de-France tramway Line {{{3}}}|Tramways in Île-de-France}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|Île-de-France tramway Line {{{3}}}|Tramways in Île-de-France}}}}}}}}]] | i | transilien =[[File:Paris transit icons - Train{{#if:{{{3|}}}|_{{uc:{{{3}}}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Transilien {{#switch:{{lc:{{{3}}}}} | h|k =Paris – Nord | j|l =Paris – Saint-Lazare | n =Paris – Montparnasse | p =Paris – Est | r =Paris – Lyon | u =Line U }}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Transilien {{#switch:{{uc:{{{3}}}}} | h|k =Paris – Nord | j|l =Paris – Saint-Lazare | n =Paris – Montparnasse | p =Paris – Est | r =Paris – Lyon | u =Line U }}}}}}}}]] | a =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|}}}}}}]] | b | bus =[[File:Paris transit icons - Bus.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}}}}]] | c | cdgval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CDGVAL}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CDGVAL}}}}}}]] | g | gdslignes =[[File:Paris logo gdslignes jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SNCF}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SNCF}}}}}}]] | mo | montmartre =[[File:Paris logo montmartre jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}}}}]] | n | noctilien =[[File:Paris logo noctilien jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Noctilien}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Noctilien}}}}}}]] | o | orlyval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orlyval}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Orlyval}}}}}}]] | te | ter =[[File:Paris logo ter jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TER}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TER}}}}}}]] }} | path ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:PATH logo white.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:PATH logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] }} | perc | pery =[[File:PE Bolt.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pacific Electric}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pacific Electric}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{2|{{{showtext|}}}}}}|[[Pacific Electric]]|}} | perth ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus transfer}}}}}}]] | circle =[[File:CircleRoute icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CircleRoute}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CircleRoute}}}}}}]] | event =[[File:Transperth special event.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Special event station}}}}}}]] | indian =[[File:Indian Pacific icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Indian Pacific}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Indian Pacific}}}}}}]] | train | transperth ={{ric|Transperth|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transperth|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | philadelphia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- transit --> | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | septa-old =[[File:SEPTA_logo_1970s.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | bsl | broad street =[[Broad Street Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BSL</span>]] | brs | spur | ridge spur =[[Broad Street Line#Broad–Ridge Spur|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BRS</span>]] | mfl | market-frankford =[[Market–Frankford Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|market–frankford}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MFL</span>]] | nhsl | norristown high speed line =[[Norristown High Speed Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|nhsl}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NHSL</span>]] | patco =[[PATCO Speedline|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|PATCO}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PATCO</span>]] <!-- regional rail --> | air =[[Airport Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Airport}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">AIR</span>]] | che =[[Chestnut Hill East Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill East}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHE</span>]] | chw =[[Chestnut Hill West Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill West}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHW</span>]] | cyn =[[Cynwyd Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Cynwyd}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CYN</span>]] | gln =[[SEPTA Main Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Glenside}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">GLN</span>]] | fxc | fox =[[Fox Chase Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Fox Chase}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">FOX</span>]] | doy =[[Lansdale/Doylestown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|doylestown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">DOY</span>]] | nor =[[Manayunk/Norristown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|norristown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NOR</span>]] | elw =[[Media/Elwyn Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Media/Elwyn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ELW</span>]] | tho =[[Paoli/Thorndale Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Paoli/Thorndale}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">THO</span>]] | tre =[[Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">TRE</span>]] | war =[[Warminster Line|<span style="color: black; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Warminster}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WAR</span>]] | wtr =[[West Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|West Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WTR</span>]] | nwk =[[Wilmington/Newark Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Wilmington/Newark}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NWK</span>]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|SEPTA Route {{{2}}} }}}|#{{rail color|SEPTA|{{{2}}}}} }} }} | pittsburgh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo) white.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo).svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] }} | portland ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange | red | yellow = {{ric|TriMet|{{{2}}}|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}}}}}} | a | b | ns = {{rcb|Portland Streetcar|{{{2}}}|inline=route}} | wes =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link| WES Commuter Rail}}}}}}]] | max = {{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}}}}}} | streetcar = {{ric|Portland Streetcar|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}}}}}} | trimet | #default ={{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TriMet}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TriMet}}}}}}}} }} | porto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:PortoMetro.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] | funicular =[[File:Logo_funicular_2.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Metro do Porto linha {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] }} | prague ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | esko|e =[[File:Prag Esko Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Esko Prague}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Prague Esko}}}}}}]] | #default =[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Prague Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-size: {{{size|12}}}px; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 3px 0 3px">{{{2}}}</span>]] {{#if:{{{3|{{{text|}}}}}}|<span style="font-size: {{#if:{{{4|{{{small|}}}}}}|85|100}}%;">[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|Line {{{2}}}]]</span>|}} }} | qingdao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Qingdao Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | qom ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | rhine-neckar ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | rhine-ruhr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | riyadh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Riyadh Metro)|#0354A6}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Riyadh Metro)|#DC241F}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Riyadh Metro)|#FF9A00}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Riyadh Metro)|#FFD700}} | 5 ={{RouteBox|5|Line 5 (Riyadh Metro)|#009530}} | 6 ={{RouteBox|6|Line 6 (Riyadh Metro)|#9016B2}} }} | riodejaneiro ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metrorioicon.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Metro}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FF8500|black}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio de Janeiro)|#00AE27}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FFC400|black}} | sv =[[File:Logo da SuperVia.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SuperVia}}}]] | lrt =[[File:Vlt carioca logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Light Rail}}}]] | 1l ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio LRT)|#0D73B9}} | 2l ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio LRT)|#008000}} | 3l ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Rio LRT)|#F1C232|black}} }} | rostock ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = {{ric|Rostock S-Bahn|size=x{{{size|12}}}px}} |s1|s2|s3 = {{rcb|Rostock S-Bahn|{{{2}}}|croute}} |tram = [[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Rostock}}}]] }} | rotterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:RET metro logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rotterdam Metro}}}]] | a ={{RouteBox|A|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line A}}}|#00AA50}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line B}}}|#FFD301|black}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line C}}}|#EF1F1F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line D}}}|#1BC5E9}} | e ={{RouteBox|E|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line E}}}|#1A389A}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 3}}}|#A9218E}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 4}}}|#F4901D}} }} | sacramento =[[File:Sacramento_Regional_Transit.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}}}}]] | saintlouis | stlouis = [[File:St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}}}}]] | saintpetersburg | stpetersburg = [[File:Spb metro line{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Line {{{2}}} (Saint Petersburg Metro)]] | salzburg={{ÖPNV Salzburg|{{{2|}}}}} | sandiego ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:MTS_Bus_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of bus routes in San Diego}}}]] | coaster =[[File:Coaster_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Coaster (commuter rail)}}}]] | sprinter =[[File:Sprinter San 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13.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (CPTM)}}}]] | 13AC | 13ac | ac ={{RouteBox|AC|Line 13 (CPTM)|#8FFF1F|black}} | 13AE | 13ae | ae =[[File:Spairportexpress.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 14 ={{RouteBox|14|Line 14 (CPTM)|#0A1013}} | emtu | EMTU =[[File:Spemtusymbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo}}}]] }} | sapporo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ST Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Sapporo Municipal Subway}}}]] | n | namboku =[[File:Subway SapporoNamboku.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Namboku Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Namboku Line}}}]] | t | tozai |tōzai =[[File:Subway SapporoTozai.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōzai Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Tōzai Line}}}]] | h | toho | tōhō =[[File:Subway SapporoToho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōhō Line}}}]] }} | seattle ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | link =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Link light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Link light rail}}}}}}]] | line 1 =[[File:Line 1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 (Sound Transit)]] | line 2 =[[File:Line 2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 (Sound Transit)]] | line 3 =[[File:Line 3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 (Sound Transit)]] | line 4 =[[File:Line 4 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 (Sound Transit)]] | line t =[[File:Line T (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line T (Sound Transit)]] | sounder =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}}}}]] | line n =[[File:Line N (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line N (Sound Transit)]] | line s =[[File:Line S (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line S (Sound Transit)]] | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h =[[File:{{{2}}} Line Logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|RapidRide {{{2}}} Line}}}]] | stride =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}}}}]] | stride s1 =[[File:Line S1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S1]] | stride s2 =[[File:Line S2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S2]] | stride s3 =[[File:Line S3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S3]] | stex =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder Transit Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit Express}}}}}}]] | soundtransit =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sound Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit}}}}}}]] }} | seoul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | arx =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Arex.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=AREX]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} | chun =[[File:Gyeongchun Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}}}}]] | ever =[[File:Seoul Metro Line EverLine Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Everline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Everline}}}}}}]] | gimpo =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Gimpo Goldline Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}}}}]] | gyeongjung | gye | jun =[[File:Gyeongui-Jungang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}}}}]] | gg|gyeonggang | yeoju =[[File:Gyeonggang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}}}}]] | maglev | im ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}|#{{rail color|Incheon Transit Corporation|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}} | seo | seohae =[[File:Seohae Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seohae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seohae Line}}}}}}]] | sil | sillim =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Sillim Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sillim Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sillim Line}}}}}}]] | sin =[[File:Shinbundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}}}}]] | su | bun | suin-bundang = [[File:Suin-Bundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}}}}]] | subway =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}}}}]] | ui =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Ui LRT Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Ui LRT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ui LRT}}}}}}]] | uij =[[File:Seoul Metro Line U Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|U Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U Line}}}}}}]] | [[File:Seoul Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Seoul Subway Line {{{2}}}]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} }} | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | sevilla | seville ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línea 1 Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro line 1}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] }} | shanghai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | j | jm | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shanghai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}}}}]] | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 20 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|10}}|#000}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|11}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Chongming}}}} | j | js | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Jinshan}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Maglev}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Pujiang}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shaoxing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro=<!--[[File:Shaoxing Rail Transit Logo No Text.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}}}}]]--> | 1 = {{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Shaoxing Metro)|#c5003e}} | 2 = {{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shaoxing Metro)|#036eb8}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shenyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | sheffield =[[File:Supertram generic logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}}}}]] | shenzhen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lb | luobao ={{RouteBox|Luobao|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | sk | shekou ={{RouteBox|Shekou|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lg | longgang ={{RouteBox|Longgang|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lh | longhua ={{RouteBox|Longhua|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | hz | huanzhong ={{RouteBox|Huanzhong|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenzhen Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shenzhen Metro Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}}}}]] | lb | luobao = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|1|link={{{link|}}}}} | sk | shekou = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|2|link={{{link|}}}}} | lg | longgang = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|3|link={{{link|}}}}} | lh | longhua = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|4|link={{{link|}}}}} | hz | huanzhong = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|5|link={{{link|}}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|1}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|2}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|3}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|4}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|5}}}} | #default = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | shijiazhuang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shijiazhuang Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shiraz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shiraz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Shiraz Metro}}}]] }} | shoreline =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Shore Line East}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shore Line East}}}}}}]] | smart =[[File:Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | stockholm ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | commuter =[[File:Stockholm commuter rail symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm commuter rail}}}]] | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 48 | j40 | j41 | j42 | j43 | j44 | j48 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Stockholm commuter rail|#27417A}} | metro =[[File:Stockholm metro symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm metro}}}]] | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 19 | t10 | t11 | t13 | t14 | t17 | t18 | t19 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}} (Stockholm metro)|#{{rail color|Stockholm metro|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}}}}}} | tvärbanan | tvarbanan | 22 ={{RouteBox|22|Tvärbanan|SaddleBrown}} }} | stuttgart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart S-Bahn|S-Bahn|alt=S-Bahn]] | u | stadtbahn = [[File:Stadtbahn-Logo Stuttgart.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart Stadtbahn|alt={{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}]] | sb|seilbahn = [[File:Seilbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Standseilbahn Stuttgart|alt=Seilbahn]] | vvs = [[File:VVS-Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart|alt=VVS]] | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen#Bus system|alt=Bus]] | z|zacke = [[File:Zahnradbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgart Rack Railway|alt=Zacke]] }} | sunrail =[[File:SunRail logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|SunRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SunRail}}}}}}]] | suzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | srt | metro =[[File:Suzhou Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | sydney | nsw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:TfNSW B.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Sydney}}}]] | tway | t =[[File:Sydney T-Way logo (simplified).svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|T-way}}}]] | monorail | mono =[[File:Sydney metro logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Monorail}}}]] | train =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Sydney}}}]] | t1 | north | shore | western =[[North Shore & Western Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t2 | inner | leppington =[[Inner West & Leppington Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t3 | bankstown =[[Bankstown Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T3}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t4 | eastern | illawarra =[[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T4}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t5 | cumberland =[[Cumberland Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T5}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t6 | carlingford =[[Carlingford Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|Carlingford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t7 | olympic =[[Olympic Park Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T7}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t8 | airport | south = [[Airport & South Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T8}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t9 | northern = [[Northern Line (Sydney)|<span style = "color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T9}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | south west =[[South West Rail Link|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|South West}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | metro =[[File:TfNSW M.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Metro}}}]] | nswtrainlink | regional train | countrylink | cl = [[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink}}}]] | blue =[[Blue Mountains Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|BMT}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | hunter =[[Hunter Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|HUN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | central coast | newcastle =[[Central Coast & Newcastle Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|CCN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coast =[[South Coast Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SCO}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | highlands =[[Southern Highlands Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SHL}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | light rail =[[File:TfNSW L.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Light rail in Sydney}}}]] | l1 | dulwich hill | lightrail | light =[[Dulwich Hill Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | l2 | cbd | southeast =[[CBD and South East Light Rail|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coach = [[File:TfNSW C.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Coach services}}}]] }} | tabriz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tabriz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Tabriz Metro}}}]] }} | tainan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | t ={{RouteBox|T|{{{link|TRA Line (Tainan)}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | s ={{RouteBox|Shalun|{{{link|Shalun Line}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Tainan Metro)|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taichung = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | g = [[File:Taichung Metro Green Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | b = {{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|b}}}} | o = {{RouteBox|O|{{{link|Orange Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|o}}|#000}} | r = {{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Taichung)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|r}}}} | #default = {{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Taichung Metro)|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taipei = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |br|BR=[[File:Taipei Metro Line BR.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bûn-ô͘-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |r|R=[[File:Taipei Metro Line R.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |g|G=[[File:Taipei Metro Line G.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |o|O=[[File:Taipei Metro Line O.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |bl|BR=[[File:Taipei Metro Line BL.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Pang-lâm-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |y|Y=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Y icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn)}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |lg|LG=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Wanda Zhonghe Shulin.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bān-tāi Tiong-hô Chhiū-nâ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |Rb|xinbeitou=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Xinbeitou Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sin-pak-tâu Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |Gb|xiaobitan=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Xiaobitan Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sió-phek-thâm Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |gondola=[[File:Maokong Gondola Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bâ-khang Lám-chhia}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |sb|SB=[[File:Taipei Metro Line SB.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bîn-seng Se̍k-chí Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] }} | taoyuan = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |A|a|airport=[[File:Taoyuan Metro Line Airport.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Ki-tiûⁿ Chia̍t-ūn}}}]] |G|g=[[File:TaoyuanMetroLineG.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}]] |BR|br=[[File:TaoyuanMetroLineBR_01.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Chang-sòaⁿ}}}]] }} | tbilisi = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Metro Tbilisi logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | tehran ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tehran Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro}}}}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 =[[File:Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}.png|x15px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | texas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a-train | atrain =[[File:DCTA A-train icon.png|20px|link={{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}}}}]] | tre =[[File:TRE logo.png|x14px|link={{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}}}}]] | texrail | tex =[[File:Trinity Metro TEX only.svg|20px|link={{{link|TEXRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TEXRail}}}}}}]] }} | thessaloniki | thessalonika ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | r =[[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}}}}]] | p =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro parking.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Park and ride}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Park and ride}}}}}}]] | pr =[[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}}}}]] | Π1 | ∏1 | π1 | p1 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π1}}}}}}]] | Π2 | ∏2 | π2 | p2 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π2}}}}}}]] | Π3 | ∏3 | π3 | p3 ={{#if:{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|[[{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>]]|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>}} | a =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro airport.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Thessaloniki Airport "Makedonia"}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Macedonia Airport}}}}}}]] }} | tianjin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Huaimi|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:TianjinMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Tianjin Metro Group Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | bmt =[[File:Binhai Mass Transit Development Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | 2 | 13 | b2 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|t}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Jinji|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|CRH|Tianjin–Jizhou}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | tokyo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tokyo Metro logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metro}}}]] | c | chiyoda =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line}}}|{{TSLS|C|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | f | fukutoshin | 13 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line}}}|{{TSLS|F|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | g | ginza | 3 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Ginza Line}}}|{{TSLS|G|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | h | hibiya =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line}}}|{{TSLS|H|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | m | marunouchi | 4 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|M|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | mn | mb | nakano | 4n | 4b =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|Mb|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | n | namboku | 7 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Namboku Line}}}|{{TSLS|N|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | t | tozai | tōzai | 5 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line}}}|{{TSLS|T|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | y | yurakucho | yūrakuchō | 8 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line}}}|{{TSLS|Y|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | z | hanzomon | hanzōmon =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line}}}|{{TSLS|Z|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toei =[[File:PrefSymbol-Tokyo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation}}}]] | a | asakusa | 1 =[[{{{link|Toei Asakusa Line}}}|{{TSLS|A|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | e | oedo | ōedo =[[{{{link|Toei Ōedo Line}}}|{{TSLS|E|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | i | mita =[[{{{link|Toei Mita Line}}}|{{TSLS|I|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | s | shinjuku =[[{{{link|Toei Shinjuku Line}}}|{{TSLS|S|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toden ={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|arakawa|[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Toden Arakawa Line}}}]]|[[File:BSicon exTRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Toden}}}]]}} | ks | keisei =[[File:Number prefix Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Electric Railway}}}]] | sa | skyaccess =[[File:Number prefix SkyAccess.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Narita Airport Line}}}]] | sl | shin-keisei =[[File:Number prefix Shin-Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shin-Keisei Line}}}]] | hs | hokuso =[[File:Number prefix Hokusō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokusō Line}}}]] | sr | shibayama =[[File:Number prefix Shibayama.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shibayama Railway}}}]] | kk | keikyu =[[File:Number prefix Keikyū.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keikyu}}}]] | tr | toyo =[[File:Number prefix Tōyō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōyō Rapid Railway Line}}}]] | ko | keio =[[File:Number prefix Keiō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Corporation}}}]] | in | inokashira =[[File:Number prefix Inokashira.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Inokashira Line}}}]] | en | enoden =[[File:Number prefix Enoden.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Enoshima Electric Railway Line}}}]] }} | toronto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail ={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:Lakeshore East line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:Milton line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:Kitchener line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:Barrie line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:Richmond Hill line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:Stouffville line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] }} | subway ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | 3 =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | 5 | 6 | dm | fw | j | se | sm | ww =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] | #default =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6 | fw =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | ww | w =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] }} | yonge | university | spadina | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | bloor | danforth | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | scarborough | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | sheppard | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | eglinton | crosstown | eglinton crosstown | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | finch | finch west | fw | 6 =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | sheppard east | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | jane | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | relief line | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | waterfront |waterfront west | w | ww =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | don mills | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | malvern | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] | icts =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:BSicon CLRV.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto streetcar system]] {{#switch: {{{3}}} | 501 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[501 Queen|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">501</span>|501}}]]}} | 502 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[502 Downtowner|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">502</span>|502}}]]}} | 503 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[503 Kingston Rd|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">503</span>|503}}]]}} | 504 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[504 King|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">504</span>|504}}]]}} | 505 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[505 Dundas|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">505</span>|505}}]]}} | 506 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[506 Carlton|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">506</span>|506}}]]}} | 508 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[508 Lake Shore|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">508</span>|508}}]]}} | 509 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[509 Harbourfront|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">509</span>|509}}]]}} | 510 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[510 Spadina|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">510</span>|510}}]]}} | 511 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[511 Bathurst|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">511</span>|511}}]]}} | 512 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[512 St. Clair|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">512</span>|512}}]]}} | 514 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[514 Cherry|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">514</span>|514}}]]}} }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=List of Toronto Transit Commission bus routes]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} | up | upx | up express =[[File:UP Express logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Union Pearson Express}}}]] | metrolinx =[[File:Metrolinx 2017 logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolinx}}}]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | 1big =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2big =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3big =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4big =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5big =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6big =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] }} | trirail =[[File:Tri-Rail.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Tri-Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tri-Rail}}}}}}]] | uta ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | 720 =[[File:UTA_S-Line_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|S Line (Utah Transit Authority)}}}]] | trax =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|TRAX (light rail)}}}]] | frontrunner =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|FrontRunner}}}]] | blue | 701 ={{RouteBox|701|Blue Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Blue Line}}}} | red | 703 ={{RouteBox|703|Red Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Red Line}}}} | green | 704 ={{RouteBox|704|Green Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Green Line}}}} | purple | 750 ={{RouteBox|750|FrontRunner|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|FrontRunner}}}} | #default =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Utah Transit Authority}}}]] }} | valencia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Isotip de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línia 1 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Línia 2 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Línia 3 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Línia 4 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Línia 5 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 6 =[[File:Línia 6 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Línia 7 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Línia 8 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Línia 9 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] }} | vancouver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | bl =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Coast Mountain Bus Company#B-Line]] | 95 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=95 B-Line]] | 96 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=96 B-Line]] | 97 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=97 B-Line]] | 99 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=99 B-Line]] }} | [[File:Translinkbuses.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=List of bus routes in Metro Vancouver]] }} | rapidbus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | r1 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R1 King George Blvd]] | r2 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R2 Marine Dr]] | r3 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R3 Lougheed Hwy]] | r4 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R4 41st Ave]] | r5 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R5 Hastings St]] }} | [[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=RapidBus (TransLink)]] }} | canada =[[File:Translinkcanada.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Canada Line]] | evergreen =[[File:Translinkevergreen.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Evergreen Extension]] | expo =[[File:Translinkexpo.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Expo Line (SkyTrain)]] | millennium =[[File:Translinkmillennium.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Millennium Line]] | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=SeaBus]] | translink={{#if:{{{3|}}}||[[File:Translinkwaypoint.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=TransLink (British Columbia)]]}} | wce =[[File:Translinkwce.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=West Coast Express]] }} | victoria | melbourne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train ={{error|Specify region – replace "train" with "met train" or "reg train"}} | metropolitan | metropolitan train | metro | met | met train =[[File:Melbourne train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan train}}}}}}]] | regional | regional train | vline | v/line | reg | reg train =[[File:Victoria train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Victoria}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional train}}}}}}]] | alamein | belgrave | craigieburn | cranbourne | frankston | hurstbridge | lilydale | mernda | pakenham | sandringham | sunbury | upfield | werribee | williamstown =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | albury | ararat | bairnsdale | ballarat | bendigo | echuca | geelong | maryborough | seymour | shepparton | traralgon | warrnambool =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | epsom | eaglehawk =[[Bendigo V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Bendigo}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | flemington racecourse | flemington =[[Flemington Racecourse railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Flemington Racecourse}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | glen waverley =[[Glen Waverley railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Glen Waverley}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | south morang =[[South Morang railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Mernda}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | swan hill =[[Swan Hill V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Swan Hill}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | waurn ponds =[[Geelong V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Geelong}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | wendouree =[[Ballarat V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Ballarat}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | tram =[[File:Melbourne tram logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan tram}}}}}}]] | 1 | 3 | 3a | 5 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 30 | 35 | 48 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 64 | 67 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 78 | 82 | 86 | 96 | 109 =[[Melbourne tram route {{lc:{{{2}}}}}|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|{{{2}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | cc | city circle =[[City Circle tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|35}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | bus ={{error|Specify region – replace "bus" with "met bus" or "reg bus"}} | metropolitan bus | met bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan bus}}}}}}]] | regional bus | reg bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional bus}}}}}}]] | coach =[[File:Victoria coach logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional coach}}}}}}]] | adelaide | the overland | overland | gsr | great southern rail =[[The Overland|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Journey Beyond|The Overland}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | sydney | xpt | melbourne xpt | trainlink | nsw trainlink =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Southern}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NSW TrainLink Southern}}}}}}]] | #default ={{error|Unknown value for second argument}} }} | vienna ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train =[[File:Train Austria.svg|16px|link=Transportation in Vienna#Railways]] | s-bahn | s =[[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s-main =[[File:Stammstrecke Wien.png|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s1 =[[File:S1 Wien.svg|32px|link=S1 (Vienna)]] | s2 =[[File:S2 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s3 =[[File:S3 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s4 =[[File:S4 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s7 =[[File:S7 Wien.svg|32px|link=S7 (Vienna)]] | s40 =[[File:S40 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s45 | vorortelinie =[[File:S45 Wien.svg|32px|link=S45 (Vienna)]] | s50 =[[File:S50 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s60 =[[File:S60 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s80 =[[File:S80 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | u-bahn | u =[[File:U-Bahn Wien.svg|16px|link=Vienna U-Bahn]] | u1 =[[File:Wien U1.svg|16px|link=U1 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u2 =[[File:Wien U2.svg|16px|link=U2 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u3 =[[File:Wien U3.svg|16px|link=U3 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u4 =[[File:Wien U4.svg|16px|link=U4 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u5 =[[File:Wien U5.svg|16px|link=U5 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u6 =[[File:Wien U6.svg|16px|link=U6 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | cat =[[City Airport Train|{{Bahnlinie|RB||CAT|white|#B1D355}}]] | wlb | lokalbahn =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahn]] | tram ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|}}}|white|black}}]]|[[File:Tram-Logo.svg|16px|link=Trams in Vienna]]}} | bus =[[Buses in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|Bus}}}|black|white|black}}]] | r =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||R|black|white|black}}]] | rex =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||REX|black|white|black}}]] | wiener lokalbahnen =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahnen]] <!-- depreceated, use tram|line instead --> | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 25 | 26 | 30 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 49 | 52 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 71 | d | e | o =[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{2}}}|white|black}}]] | vor | #default =[[File:Logo VOR.svg|32px|link=Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region]] }} | virgin =[[File:Virgin-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}}}}]] | vorarlberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s1 | s3 | s4 = [[File:{{uc: {{{2}}}}} Vorarlberg.png|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Vorarlberg S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{uc: {{{2}}}}}}}}]] | s-bahn | s = [[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vorarlberg S-Bahn]] }} | vre =[[File:Virginia Railway Express.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}}}}]] | warsaw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:PKP.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Polish State Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Polish State Railways}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Warsaw Metro logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 =[[File:M1-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M1}}}]] | m2 =[[File:M2-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M2}}}]] | skm =[[File:PL-SKMWA logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warszawa)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska}}}}}}]] }} | washington ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:WMATA Metro Logo small.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Washington Metro}}}]] | blue | bl | b =[[File:WMATA Blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | green | gr | g =[[File:WMATA Green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | orange | or | o =[[File:WMATA Orange{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | purple | pu | p =[[Purple Line (Maryland)|{{colorbox|purple}}]] | red | rd | r =[[File:WMATA Red.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Red Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | silver | sv | s =[[File:WMATA Silver.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Silver Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | yellow | yl | y =[[File:WMATA Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Yellow Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | streetcar = [[File:BSicon TRAM1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|DC Streetcar}}}]] }} | waterloo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Grand River Transit}}}]] | ion =[[File:Waterloo ION logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Ion rapid transit}}}]] }} | wuhan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|yl}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | wuxi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Wuxi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xi'an ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Xian Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}}}}]] | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|4}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xiamen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Amoy Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =<!--[[File:Xuzhou Metro 2019.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] nonfree image --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | yokohama ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Yokohama Municipal Subway}}}]] | blue =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Blue Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Yokohama)}}}]] | green =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Green Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Yokohama)}}}]] }} | york ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | yrt =[[File:York Region Transit logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|York Region Transit}}}]] | viva =[[File:Viva blue logo.svg|{{{size|38}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Rapid Transit}}}]] | blue =[[File:Viva blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Blue}}}]] | green =[[File:Viva green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Green}}}]] | orange =[[File:Viva orange.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Orange}}}]] | pink =[[File:Viva pink.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Pink}}}]] | purple =[[File:Viva purple.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Purple}}}]] | yellow =[[File:Viva yellow.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Yellow}}}]] }} | zaragoza ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Zaragoza tram}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Zaragoza}}}]] | tuzsa =[[File:Aiga bus on red circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Transportes Urbanos de Zaragoza}}}]] | ctaz =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Consorcio de Transportes del Área de Zaragoza}}}]] }} | zhengzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Zhengzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} <!-- GENERIC --> | air ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | base =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | field =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|List of airports}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airport interchange}}}}}}]] }} | airbase =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{2|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | airfield =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | bike | bicycle =[[File:BSicon BICYCLE.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Bicycle}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bicycle facilities}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rapid | brt =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus | tb =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS2.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] }} | cable =[[File:BSicon AETRAM.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Aerial lift}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Cable car}}}}}}]] | express =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Express train}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Express train}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Ferry}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ferry/water interchange}}}}}}]] | funicular | incline =[[File:BSicon FUNI.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular}}}}}}]] | heliport =[[File:Aiga heliport.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Heliport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heliport}}}}}}]] | heritage ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}lDAMPF.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage railway}}}}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon BRILL.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}}}}]] }} | metro | subway | underground =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | mono | monorail =[[File:BSicon_MONO.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Monorail}}}}}}]] | park | parking =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Centro other car parking large.svg|BSicon PARKING.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|15|16}}}}}px|link={{{link|Parking}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Parking}}}}}}]] | rail =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | tram | light rail =[[File:BSicon TRAM{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1||1}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|{{{1}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | wheelchair =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Handicapped Accessible sign.svg|Wheelchair symbol.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|13}}}}}px|link={{{link|Accessibility#Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Handicapped/disabled access}}}}}}]] <!-- COUNTRIES --> | at ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | öbb | obb =[[File:Logo ÖBB.svg|32px|link=Österreichische Bundesbahnen]] | westbahn =[[File:Westbahn-logo-pantone.svg|32px|link=WESTbahn]] }} | be ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SNCB logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|National Railway Company of Belgium}}}]] }} | bg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:National Railways.jpg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Bulgarian State Railways}}}]] }} | by ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Belarus-RW-Logo-notext.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}}}}]] }} | ca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | cn =[[File:CN Railway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian National Railway}}}]] | cp =[[File:Canadian_Pacific_Railway_logo_2014.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian Pacific Railway}}}]] | rail | via =[[File:VIA Rail Canada simplified.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Via Rail}}}]] }} | ch ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SBB logo simplified.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Swiss Federal Railways}}}]] }} | cn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:China Railways.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway}}}}}}]] | crh =<!-- [[File:ChinaRailwayHighspeed-notext.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}}}}]] --> | metro =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY-CHN.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] | prdir =[[File:PRDIR logo without text.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|PRDIR}}}}}}]] | mono =[[File:BSicon CHN-Mono.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] }} | de ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo_Deutsche_Bahn.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}}}}]] | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn#Germany}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u-bahn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|U-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | es ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Lgotipo de Renfe Operadora.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Renfe}}}}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías}}}]] | feve =[[File:Símbolo Renfe Feve.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Feve}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Feve}}}}}}]] }} | gb ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:National Rail logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|National Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|National Rail}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Bus transport in the United Kingdom}}}]] | birmingham =[[File:MidlandMetroGenericSymbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Midland Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Midland Metro}}}}}}]] | blackpool =[[File:Uk tram icon.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}}}}]] | edinburgh =[[File:EdinburghTramsNoText.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}}}}]] | glasgow =[[File:Glasgow Subway.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}}}}]] | leeds =[[File:WestYorksireMetro.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|West Yorkshire Metro}}}}}}]] | liverpool =[[File:Merseyrail alternative logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Merseyrail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Merseyrail}}}}}}]] | manchester | metrolink =[[File:Metrolink generic.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}}}}]] | newcastle =[[File:TWMetro logo no text.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}}}}]] | nottingham =[[File:NET notext logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nottingham Express Transit}}}}}}]] | sheffield =[[File:Supertram generic logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}}}}]] | calmac =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Caledonian MacBrayne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Caledonian MacBrayne}}}}}}]] }} | fr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SNCF no text.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|SNCF}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SNCF}}}}}}]] | ter =[[File:Ter.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Transport express régional}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TER}}}}}}]] | tgv =[[File:TGV.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|TGV}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TGV}}}}}}]] }} | ie ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Iarnród Éireann}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Iarnród Éireann}}}}}}]] }} | ir | iran ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail = <!--Image deleted at Commons [[File:RAJA Logo.PNG|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link| Islamic Republic of Iran Railways}}}]]--> }} | il | israel ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | carmelit =[[File:Carmelit-logo-crop.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Carmelit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Carmelit}}}}}}]] | egged | bus =[[File:Egged_logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Egged (company)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Egged (company)}}}}}}]] | rail = [[File:IsraelTrainLogoSymbolOnly.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Israel Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Israel Railways}}}}}}]] | tel aviv light rail =[[File:Dankal Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Tel Aviv Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tel Aviv Light Rail}}}}}}]] }} | jp | ja ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | jrh =[[File:JR_logo_(hokkaido).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Hokkaido Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hokkaido Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jre =[[File:JR_logo_(east).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|East Japan Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|East Japan Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrc =[[File:JR_logo_(central).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Central Japan Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Central Japan Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrw =[[File:JR_logo_(west).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|West Japan Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|West Japan Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrs =[[File:JR_logo_(shikoku).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Shikoku Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shikoku Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrk =[[File:JR_logo_(kyushu).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Kyushu Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kyushu Railway Company}}}}}}]] | jrf =[[File:JR_logo_(freight).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Japan Freight Railway Company}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Japan Freight Railway Company}}}}}}]] | shr =[[File:Donan_Isaribi_Logomark.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|South Hokkaido Railway Company}}}]] | shinkansen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | a | akita =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Akita Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Akita Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | ho | hokkaidō | hokkaido =[[File:Shinkansen jrh.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokkaido Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hokkaido Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | hu | hokuriku =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokuriku Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hokuriku Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | j | jōetsu | joetsu =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Jōetsu Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Jōetsu Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | k | kyushu =[[File:Shinkansen-K.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Kyushu Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kyushu Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | n | nagano =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Nagano Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nagano Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | s | sanyō | sanyo =[[File:Shinkansen jrw.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Sanyō Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sanyō Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | to | tōkaidō | tokaido =[[File:Shinkansen jrc.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōkaidō Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tōkaidō Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | tu | tōhoku | tohoku =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōhoku Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tōhoku Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | y | yamagata =[[File:Shinkansen-E.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Yamagata Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Yamagata Shinkansen}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Shinkansen}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shinkansen}}}}}}]] }} | jrwest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | h | hiroshima ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | b | blue | kabe ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=B|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kabe_Line}}}|#09C0B0|bold=no}} | g | green ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=G|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#5fAD3C|bold=no}} | p | purple | geibi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=P|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Geibi_Line}}}|#947EB9|bold=no}} | r | red ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=R|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#cB332E|bold=no}} | y | yellow | kure ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=Y|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Kure_Line}}}|#EE8F17|#000|bold=no}} }} | k | kinki ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | hokuriku ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Hokuriku_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | biwako ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Biwako_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | jrkyoto ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|JR Kyōto_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | jrkobe ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|JR Kōbe_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | sanyo ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | ako ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Akō_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | b | kosei ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=B|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kosei_Line}}}|#039be5|bold=no}} | c | kusatsu ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=C|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kusatsu_Line}}}|#4caf50|bold=no}} | d | nara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=D|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Nara_Line}}}|#b67c2b|bold=no}} | sagano ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=E|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Sagano_Line}}}|#878DDC|bold=no}} | sanin ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=E|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-in_Line}}}|#878DDC|bold=no}} | f | osakahigashi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=F|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Ōsaka_Higashi_Line}}}|#546e7a|bold=no}} | jrtakarazuka ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=G|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|JR_Takarazuka_Line}}}|#ffc107|#000|bold=no}} | fukuchiyama ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=G|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Fukuchiyama_Line}}}|#ffc107|#000|bold=no}} | jrtozai ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=H|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|JR_Tōzai_Line}}}|#ec407a|bold=no}} | gakkentoshi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=H|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Gakkentoshi_Line}}}|#ec407a|bold=no}} | i | kakogawa ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=I|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kakogawa Line}}}|#009688|bold=no}} | j | bantan ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=J|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Bantan_Line}}}|#ad1457|bold=no}} | k | kishin ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=K|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kishin_Line}}}|#f4511e}} | l | maizuru ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=L|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Maizuru_Line}}}|#ff9800|#000|bold=no}} | o | osakaloop ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=O|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Ōsaka_Loop_Line}}}|#ef5350|bold=no}} | p | jryumesaki ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=P|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|JR_Yumesaki_Line}}}|#283593|bold=no}} | q | yamatoji ={{RouteBox|Q|{{{link|Yamatoji_Line}}}|#009688|bold=no}} | r | hanwa ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=R|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Hanwa_Line}}}|#ff9800|#000|bold=no}} | s | kansaiairport ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=S|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kansai-airport_Line}}}|#0000f2|bold=no}} | t | wakayama ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=T|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Wakayama_Line}}}|#f48fb1|#000|bold=no}} | u | manyomahoroba ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=U|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Man-yo_Mahoroba_Line}}}|#c62828|bold=no}} | v | kansai ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=V|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kansai_Line}}}|#53479d|bold=no}} | w | kisei ={{RouteBox|W|{{{link|Kisei_Line}}}|#00acc1|bold=no}} }} | o | okayama ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | l | unoport ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=L|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Uno-port_Line}}}|#7acccd|#000|bold=no}} | m | setoohashi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=M|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Seto-Ōhashi_Line}}}|#0072bc|bold=no}} | n | ako ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=N|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Akō_Line}}}|#f16369|bold=no}} | s ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=S|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#b0d136|#000|bold=no}} | t | tsuyama ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=T|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Tsuyama_Line}}}|#fdbd18|#000|bold=no}} | u | momotaro ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=U|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Momotarō_Line}}}|#f6a4b4|#000|bold=no}} | v | hakubi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=V|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Hakubi_Line}}}|#35934a|bold=no}} | w ={{RouteBox|W|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#f69036|bold=no}} | x ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=X|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|San-yō_Line}}}|#00aeef|#000|bold=no}} | z | fukuen ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=Z|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Fukuen_Line}}}|#49479e|bold=no}} }} | s | sanin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | a ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|San-in_Line}}}|#b2d33e|#000|bold=no}} | b | imbi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=B|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Imbi_Line}}}|#ba7c32|bold=no}} | c | sakai ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=C|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Sakai_Line}}}|#0066b3|bold=no}} | d ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=D|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|San-in_Line}}}|#f26122|bold=no}} | e | kisuki ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=E|font=Lucida Console||}}|{{{link|Kisuki_Line}}}|#ffc20e|#000|bold=no}} | f | sanko ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=F|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Sankō_Line}}}|#00b2e5|bold=no}} | v | hakubi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=V|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Hakubi_Line}}}|#35934a|bold=no}} }} }} | kintetsu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | a | namba/nara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}||#{{rail color|Kintetsu|a}}|bold=no}} | namba | nara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu {{{3}}} Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|a}}|bold=no}} | b | kyoto/kashihara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=B|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}||#{{rail color|Kintetsu|b}}|bold=no}} | kyoto | kashihara ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=A|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu {{{3}}} Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|b}}|bold=no}} | c | keihanna ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=C|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Keihanna Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|c}}|bold=no}} | d | osaka ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=D|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Osaka Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|d}}|bold=no}} | e | nagoya ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=E|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu Nagoya Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|e}}|bold=no}} | f | minami osaka/yoshino ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=F|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}||#{{rail color|Kintetsu|f}}|bold=no}} | minami osaka | yoshino ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=F|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|{{{3}}} Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|f}}|bold=no}} | g | ikoma ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=G|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Ikoma Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|g}}|bold=no}} | h | tenri ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=H|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Tenri Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|h}}|bold=no}} | i | tawaramoto ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=I|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Tawaramoto Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|i}}|bold=no}} | j | shigi ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=J|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Shigi Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|j}}|bold=no}} | k | yunoyama ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=K|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Yunoyama Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|k}}|bold=no}} | l | suzuka ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=L|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Suzuka Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|l}}|bold=no}} | m | yamada/toba/shima ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=M|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}||#{{rail color|Kintetsu|m}}|bold=no}} | yamada | toba | shima ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=M|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu {{{3}}} Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|m}}|bold=no}} | n | domyoji ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=N|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Domyoji Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|n}}|bold=no}} | o | nagano ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=O|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Kintetsu Nagano Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|o}}|bold=no}} | p | gose ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=P|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Gose Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|p}}|bold=no}} | y | ikoma cable ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=Y|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Ikoma Cable Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|y}}|bold=no}} | z | nishi-shigi cable ={{RouteBox|{{font|text=Z|font=Lucida Console||color=#fff}}|{{{link|Nishi-Shigi Cable Line}}}|#{{rail color|Kintetsu|z}}|bold=no}} | isl =[[File:KINTETSU23000_MARK.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Ise-Shima Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ise-Shima Liner}}}}}}]] | shimakaze =[[File:しまかぜマーク.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shimakaze}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shimakaze}}}}}}]] | sl =[[File:SLマーク.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Sakura Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sakura Liner}}}}}}]] | ul =[[File:KINTETSU_UL_038.jpg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Urban Liner}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban Liner}}}}}}]] }} }} | kr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Korail logo.svg|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Korail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Korail}}}}}}]] | ktx =[[File:KTX logo.svg|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Korea Train Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|KTX}}}}}}]] | srt =[[File:SR Train logo.png|{{{size|x12}}}px|link={{{link|Super Rapid Train}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SRT}}}}}}]] }} | ni ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:NIR logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|NI Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NI 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=[[File:Access monorail inv.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Putrajaya Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Putrajaya Monorail}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | pudu =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}}}}]] | sunway|sw =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|BRT Sunway Line}}}]] | tbs =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}}}}]] }} | buspudu =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pudu Sentral}}}}}}]] | bustbs =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Terminal Bersepadu Selatan}}}}}}]] | go ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | klb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klg =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] }} | 1 | ktmk1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|1}} | 2 | ktmk2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|2}} | 3 | rkl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|3}} | 4 | rkl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|4}} | 5 | rkl3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|5}} | 8 | rkl4 ={{rail icon|KLRT|8}} | 6 | erl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|6}} | 7 | erl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|7}} | 9 | mrt1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|9}} | 10 | ktmk3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|10}} | 11 | lrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|11}} | 12 | mrt2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|12}} | 13 | mrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|13}} | 14 | pm ={{rail icon|KLRT|14}} | 21 ={{rail icon|KLRT|21}} | 22 ={{rail icon|KLRT|22}} | n1 | padang besar | pbl ={{RouteBox|1|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|#1964b7|white|bold=}} | n2 | padang rengas | prl ={{RouteBox|2|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|green|white|bold=}} | blue | goklb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | green | goklg =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | purple | goklp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | red|goklr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | ets ={{RouteBox|ETS|KTM ETS|gold|black}} | rts ={{RouteBox|RTS|Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System|skyblue|black}} | ecr ={{RouteBox|ECR|MRL East Coast Rail Link|#{{rail color|KLRT|blue}}}} | hsr ={{RouteBox|HSR|Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail|#{{rail color|KLRT|red}}}} }} | pt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo CP 2.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Comboios de Portugal}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Comboios de Portugal}}}}}}]] }} | ru ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Russian Railways Logo.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Russian Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Russian Railways}}}}}}]] }} | sg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | branch ={{RouteBox|B|Branch MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|Branch}}}} | bp | l1 ={{RouteBox|BPLRT|Bukit Panjang LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|bp}}}} | cc | m4 ={{RouteBox|CCL|Circle MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|cc}}|#000000}} | cr | ci | m8 ={{RouteBox|CRL|Cross Island MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|cr}}|#000000}} | dt | m5 ={{RouteBox|DTL|Downtown MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|dt}}}} | ew | m2 ={{RouteBox|EWL|East West MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ew}}}} | jr | m7 ={{RouteBox|JRL|Jurong Region MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|jr}}}} | ne | m3 ={{RouteBox|NEL|North East MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ne}}}} | ns | m1 ={{RouteBox|NSL|North South MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|ns}}}} | pg | l3 ={{RouteBox|PGLRT|Punggol LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|pg}}}} | sk | l2 ={{RouteBox|SKLRT|Sengkang LRT line|#{{rail color|Singapore LRT|sk}}}} | te | m6 ={{RouteBox|TEL|Thomson-East Coast MRT line|#{{rail color|SMRT|te}}}} }} | tw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |tra|rail=[[TRA Logo.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘}}}}}}]] |thsr= [[File:Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail_symbol.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-oân Ko-thih}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|link|Tâi-oân Ko-thih}}}}}}]] |cbrt=[[File:Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Ka-gī Kong-chhia Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ka-gī Kong-chhia Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tcm=[[File:Taichung Mass Rapid Transit.jpg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |ksm=[[File:Kaohsiung Metro Logo(Logo_Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tpm=[[File:Taipei Metro Logo.png|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |ntm=[[File:新北捷運識別標誌.png|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tym=[[File:Taoyuan Metro logo.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] }} <!-- United Arab Emirates --> | ae ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | er ={{RouteBox|ER|Etihad Rail|#748477}} }} | us ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon TRAIN3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rail transportation in the United States#Passenger railroads}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|US Passenger rail transport}}}}}}]] | amtrak =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | amtrakbus =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | csx | csxt =[[File:CSX transp logo.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|CSX Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CSX Transportation}}}}}}]] | greyhound =[[File:Greyhound no dog.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}}}}]] | megabus =[[File:MegabusIcon.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}}}}]] }} <!-- DEFAULT --> | #default ='''Add→{{tl|rail-interchange}}''' }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> b0hbys4fi10ocrgwze33rwkfywsct1r 3133187 3133177 2022-08-09T08:37:59Z Wikijb 35187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc: {{{1}}} }} | abudhabi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Line 1 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#DC241F}} | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|Line 2 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#0354A6}} | l3 ={{RouteBox|L3|Line 3 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#009530}} | l4 ={{RouteBox|L4|Line 4 (Abu Dhabi Metro)|#FFD700}} }} | ace =[[File:ACE_arrows.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Altamont Corridor Express}}}}}}]] | adelaide ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }}nw | rail =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Adelaide}}}]] | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Adelaide}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Adelaide}}}]] | glenelg =[[Glenelg tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Glenelg}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | belair =[[Belair railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Belair}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | flinders =[[Flinders railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Flinders}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | gawler =[[Gawler railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Gawler}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | grange =[[Grange railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Grange}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | outer harbor =[[Outer Harbor railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Outer Harbor}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | seaford =[[Seaford railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Seaford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]]T | tonsley =[[Flinders railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Adelaide Metro|Flinders}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] }} | ahvaz | ahwaz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Ahvaz Metro Logo.PNG|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Ahvaz Metro}}}]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 =[[File:Ahvaz Metro Logo.PNG|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Ahvaz Metro}}}]] {{color box||'''LINE {{{2}}}'''}} [[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | airtrainewr =[[File:AirTrain_EWR_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain Newark}}}]] | albuquerque ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | nmrx =[[New Mexico Rail Runner Express|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|New Mexico Rail Runner Express|rail runner}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NMRX</span>]] | art = [[File:Albuquerque Rapid Transit logo horiz.svg|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Albuquerque Rapid Transit}}}]] }} | alicante =[[File:TRAM - Metropolitano de Alicante -T-.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Alicante Tram}}}]] | amsterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:BSicon LOGO GVB.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Amsterdam Metro}}}]] | 50 =[[Line 50 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #28903a; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">50</span>]] | 51 =[[Line 51 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #f26522; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">51</span>]] | 52 =[[Line 52 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #00adef; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">52</span>]] | 53 =[[Line 53 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #ed1c24; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">53</span>]] | 54 =[[Line 54 (Amsterdam Metro)|<span style="color: black; background-color: #ffc20e; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">54</span>]] }} | au-wa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transwa|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | baku = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Baku Subway logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Baku Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Baku Metro}}}}}}]] }} | baltimore ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | marc =[[File:MARC train.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|MARC Train}}}]] | raillink =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Baltimore Light RailLink}}}]] | subway = [[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Baltimore Metro SubwayLink}}}]] }} | bangkok ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | srt =<!-- Do not use a non-free logo here --> | bts =[[File:BTSbangkok.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|BTS Skytrain}}}]] | mrt =[[File:MRT (Bangkok) logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|MRT (Bangkok)}}}]] | bm =[[File:Bangkok Monorail Logo.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Pink Line Khae Rai–Min Buri and Yellow Line Lat Phrao–Samrong electric trains}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Blue Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Blue}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Purple Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Purple}}}} | orange ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Orange Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Orange}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|MRL|MRT Pink Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Pink}}|#000}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MRL|MRT Yellow Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Yellow}}|#000}} | light blue | lightblue ={{RouteBox|MRL|Light Blue Line (Bangkok Rapid Transit)|#{{rail color|MRT|Light Blue}}|#000}} | sukhumvit | light green | lightgreen ={{RouteBox|BTS|Sukhumvit Line|#{{rail color|BTS Skytrain|Sukhumvit}}|#000}} | bang na-suvarnabhumi | bang na | suvarnabhumi ={{RouteBox|BTS|Bang Na–Suvarnabhumi Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Silver}}|#000}} | silom | green ={{RouteBox|BTS|Silom Line|#{{rail color|BTS Skytrain|Silom}}}} | light red | lightred ={{RouteBox|SRT|SRT Light Red Line|#{{rail color|SRT Red Lines|Light Red}}|#000}} | dark red | darkred ={{RouteBox|SRT|SRT Dark Red Line|#{{rail color|SRT Red Lines|Dark Red}}}} | brown ={{RouteBox|MRT|MRT Brown Line|#{{rail color|MRT|Brown}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|MRL|Grey Line (Bangkok Rapid Transit)|#{{rail color|MRT|Grey}}}} | gold ={{RouteBox|MRL|BMA Gold Line|#D4AF37}} | airport | arl =[[File:ARLbangkok.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)}}}]] {{RouteBox|ARL|Airport Rail Link (Bangkok)|#{{rail color|ARL}}}} | bus|brt =[[File:Bangkok BRT logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bangkok BRT}}}]] }} | barcelona ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Bus Barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Barcelona}}}]] | fmontjuic =[[File:Fmontjuic.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular de Montjuïc}}}]] | l1 =[[File:L1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 1}}}]] | l2 =[[File:L2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 2}}}]] | l3 =[[File:L3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 3}}}]] | l4 =[[File:L4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 4}}}]] | l5 =[[File:L5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 5}}}]] | l6 =[[File:L6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | l7 =[[File:L7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | l8 =[[File:L8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia line}}}]] | l9 =[[File:L9 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 9}}}]] | l10 =[[File:L10 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 10}}}]] | l11 =[[File:L11 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro line 11}}}]] | l12 =[[File:L12 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | metro =[[File:Barcelona Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona Metro}}}]] | nxb =[[File:Nou Bus.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Barcelona}}}]] | tb =[[File:Tramvia Blau.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Tramvia Blau}}}]] | trambaix =[[File:Tramvia metropolita.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix}}}]] | trambesos =[[File:Tramvia metropolita.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs}}}]] | t1 =[[File:T1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T1}}}]] | t2 =[[File:T2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T2}}}]] | t3 =[[File:T3.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambaix#T3}}}]] | t4 =[[File:T4.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T4}}}]] | t5 =[[File:T5.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T5}}}]] | t6 =[[File:T6.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Trambesòs#T6}}}]] }} | bart =[[File:Bart-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Bay Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bay Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | basel = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |1 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|1|inline=croute}} |3 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|3|inline=croute}} |4|re = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|RE/RB|inline=croute}} |5 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|5|inline=croute}} |6 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|6|inline=croute}} |7|rb = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|RB|inline=croute}} |8|wb = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|WB|inline=croute}} |9 = {{rcb|Basel S-Bahn|9|inline=croute}} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=Basel Regional S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | bc ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bctransit =[[File:BC-transit-wayfinder.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|BC Transit}}}]] }} | beijing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Beijing Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Beijing Subway}}}}}}]] | bcr | bsr =[[File:Bcr logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Beijing Suburban Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Beijing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | 13 ={{RouteBox|13|{{{link|Line 13 (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|13}}|#000}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Capital Airport|{{{link|Capital Airport Express}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|ap}}}} | b | bt | batong | ba tong ={{RouteBox|Batong|{{{link|Batong line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|bt}}}} | c | cp | changping ={{RouteBox|Changping|{{{link|Changping line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|cp}}}} | d | dx | daxing ={{RouteBox|Daxing|{{{link|Daxing line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|dx}}}} | f | fs | fangshan ={{RouteBox|Fangshan|{{{link|Fangshan line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|fs}}}} | p | pg | pinggu ={{RouteBox|Pinggu|{{{link|Pinggu line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|pg}}|#000000}} | n | na | newairport | new airport ={{RouteBox|Daxing Airport|{{{link|Daxing Airport Express}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|na}}}} | s1 | m | maglev | mentougou ={{RouteBox|S1|{{{link|Line S1 (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|s1}}}} | s2 | s5 | hm | huaimi | huairou-miyun | sc | sub-central ={{rcb|Beijing Suburban Railway|{{lc: {{{2}}} }}|inline=route}} | x | xj | xijiao | w | western ={{RouteBox|Xijiao|{{{link|Xijiao line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|xj}}}} | yf | yanfang ={{RouteBox|Yanfang|{{{link|Yanfang line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yf}}}} | yq | yuquanlu ={{RouteBox|Yuquanlu|{{{link|Yuquanlu line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yq}}}} | yz | yizhuang ={{RouteBox|Yizhuang|{{{link|Yizhuang line}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|yz}}}} | t1 | yizhuangt1 ={{RouteBox|Yizhuang T1|{{{link|Line T1 (Beijing Yizhuang Tram)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|t1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Beijing Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Beijing Subway|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | berlin = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | b|db|r = [[File:VBB Bahn-Regionalverkehr.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Deutsche Bahn]] | bvg = [[File:Bvg-logo.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe]] | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo-BVG.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Bus transport in Berlin]] | metrobus = [[File:MetroBus.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Bus transport in Berlin]] | f = [[File:Signet Fernverkehr VBB.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=DB Fernverkehr]] | ferry = [[File:Fähre-Logo-BVG.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Ferry transport in Berlin]] | metrotram= [[File:MetroTram.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | m1 | m2 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m8 | m10 | m13 | m17 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin S-Bahn]] | s1 | s2 | s25 | s26 | s3 | s4 | s41 | s42 | s45 | s46 | s47 | s5 | s6 | s7 | s75 | s8 | s85 | s86 | s9 | s10 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin)]] | s21 = [[File:Berlin S21.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=S21 (Berlin)#Former service]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | 12 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 27 | 37 | 50 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 67 | 68 = [[File:Berlin Tram {{{2}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link=Trams in Berlin]] | u|u-bahn = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link=Berlin U-Bahn]] | u1 | u2 | u3 | u4 | u5 | u55 | u6 | u7 | u8 | u9 | u10 | u11 | u12 = [[File:Berlin {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|14}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}} (Berlin U-Bahn)]] | vbb = [[File:VBB-Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg|Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB)]] }} | bilbao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Bilbao.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bilbao metro}}}}}}]] | l1 | 1 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l2 | 2 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] | l3 | 3 =[[File:Metro de Bilbao L3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Bilbao Metro}}}]] }} | birmingham =[[File:MidlandMetroGenericSymbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Midland Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Midland Metro}}}}}}]] | blackpool =[[File:Blackpool Transport simple logo.png|{{{size|x20}}}px|link={{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blackpool tramway}}}}}}]] | bonn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bonn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] | boston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA subway}}}]] | blue | green | orange | red | silver ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)}}}}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};"> [[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} Line (MBTA)|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | boat =<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Boat}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA Boat|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Boat {{{3|}}}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> | bus ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA bus}}}]]</span>|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|Bus}};">&nbsp;[[MBTA bus|<span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">Bus&nbsp;</span>]]</span>}} | rail ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|icon|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|Commuter Rail}}; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 50%; padding:0.4em; text-align: center; font-size:{{{size|9}}}px; line-height:{{{size|9}}}px">[[File:MBTA white T logo.svg|{{{size|x9}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}}}}]]</span>|[[File:MBTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MBTA Commuter Rail}}}]] {{#if:{{{3|}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rail color|MBTA|{{{3}}}}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|MBTA|{{{3}}}}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;{{#switch:{{lc:{{{3}}}}} | dedham | lexington | millis =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Branch|{{white|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Branch}}]] | fairmount | fitchburg | franklin | greenbush | haverhill | lowell | needham =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Line|{{white|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{3}}}}}}} Line}}]] | cape | capeflyer =[[CapeFLYER|{{white|CapeFLYER}}]] | central mass | central =[[Central Mass Branch|{{white|Central Mass Branch}}]] | framingham/worcester | framingham | worcester =[[Framingham/Worcester Line|{{white|Framingham/Worcester Line}}]] | newburyport/rockport | newburyport | rockport =[[Newburyport/Rockport Line|{{white|Newburyport/Rockport Line}}]] | north–south rail link | north–south =[[North–South Rail Link|{{white|North–South Rail Link}}]] | old colony lines | old colony =[[Old Colony Lines|{{white|Old Colony Lines}}]] | providence/stoughton | providence | stoughton =[[Providence/Stoughton Line|{{white|Providence/Stoughton Line}}]] | south coast rail | south coast | south =[[South Coast Rail|{{white|South Coast Rail}}]] }}&nbsp;</span>|}} }} }} | brampton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | zum =[[File:ZUM_logo.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link={{{link|Züm}}}]] }} | bremen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus = [[File:BUS-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremer Straßenbahn|Bus]] | tram = [[File:Tram-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Bremen|Tram]] | rs = [[File:Logo Regio S Bahn Bremen.svg|{{{size|40}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn]] | rs1 | rs2 | rs3 | rs4 = [[File:Bremen {{uc: {{{2}}}}}.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|alt={{{1}}}]] | s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Bremen S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] }} | brightline =[[File:Brightlineicon.png|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Brightline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brightline}}}}}}]] | brisbane ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:QRLogoSmall.png|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Queensland Rail}}}]] }} | brussels ={{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{Ligne STIB|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-1|-1}}}} |[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Brussels Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Brussels Metro}}}}}}]] }} | bucharest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 =[[Bucharest Metro Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }}|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Bucharest Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]] }} | budapest ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:BKV m 1 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:BKV m 2 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:BKV m 3 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 4 =[[File:BKV m 4 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 4 (Budapest Metro)}}}]] | 5 =[[File:BKV h5 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 6 =[[File:BKV h6 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 7 =[[File:BKV h7 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 8 =[[File:BKV h8 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | 9 =[[File:BKV h9 jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | bus =[[File:BKV busz symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] | hév | hev =[[File:Budapest hev symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|HÉV}}}]] | metro =[[File:BKV_metro.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Budapest Metro}}}]] | night | nocturnal =[[File:BKK night line logo.svg|{{{size|16px}}}|link=Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.]] <!-- | tram =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] | trolleybus =[[File:Flag of None.svg|{{{size|16px}}}]] --> }} | buenos aires | buenosaires ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | =[[File:Subte gcba logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Buenos Aires Underground}}}]] | e2 | p | premetro =[[File:Línea P (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|PreMetro E2 (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | u | urquiza =[[File:Urquiza U 60px.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Urquiza Line (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | metrobus =[[File:Metrobus Buenos Aires logo.png|x{{{size|8}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Buenos Aires)}}}]] | 9dejulio =[[File:Metrobus9dejulio.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 9 de Julio}}}]] | cabildo =[[File:Metrobuscabildo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Cabildo}}}]] | juanbjusto =[[File:Metrobusjuanbjusto.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Juan B. Justo}}}]] | sur =[[File:Metrobussur.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus Sur}}}]] | 25demayo =[[File:Metrobus25deMayo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus 25 de Mayo}}}]] | #default =[[File:Línea {{uc:{{{2}}}}} (SBASE) bullet.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{uc:{{{2|}}}}} (Buenos Aires Underground)}}}]] }} | busan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan Metro}}}}}}]] | bgl | bugim =[[File:Busan-Gimhae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Busan–Gimhae Light Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | donghae =[[File:Donghae Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Donghae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Donghae Line}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Busan Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | cahsr =[[File:California High Speed Rail.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CAHSR}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CAHSR}}}}}}]] | calgary ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ctrain =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTrain}}}]] | red ={{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Red}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Blue}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|G|{{{link|Green Line (Calgary)}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Green}}}} | max =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX (Calgary)}}}]] | orange ={{RouteBox|MO|{{{link|MAX Orange}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Orange}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|MY|{{{link|MAX Yellow}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Yellow}}|#000000}} | teal ={{RouteBox|MT|{{{link|MAX Teal}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Teal}}}} | purple ={{RouteBox|MP|{{{link|MAX Purple}}}|#{{rail color|CTrain|Purple}}}} }} | caltrain =[[File:Caltrain roundel.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Caltrain}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Caltrain}}}}}}]] | canberra | au-act ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | metro | light rail ={{rail icon|Canberra Metro|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | r1 ={{rail color box|Canberra Metro|R1|inline=croute}} | r2 ={{RouteBox|R2|ACTION#R2|#f3b2db|#000000|bold=yes}} | r3 ={{RouteBox|R3|ACTION#R3|#ffdd00|#000000|bold=yes}} | r4 ={{RouteBox|R4|R4 (Canberra)|#0097ce|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r5 ={{RouteBox|R5|ACTION#R5|#dc2597|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r6 ={{RouteBox|R6|ACTION#R6|#76bc21|#000000|bold=yes}} | r7 ={{RouteBox|R7|ACTION#R7|#e07c00|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r8 ={{RouteBox|R8|ACTION#R8|#2d2a26|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | r9 ={{RouteBox|R9|ACTION#R9|#97989a|#000000|bold=yes}} | r10 ={{RouteBox|R10|ACTION#R10|#aa182c|#ffffff|bold=yes}} | 59 ={{RouteBox|59||#99bbe3|#0055b8|bold=yes}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}||#0055b8|#ffffff|bold=yes}} }} | catalonia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fgc =[[File:FGC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fgctim =[[File:FGC TiM.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya}}}]] | fvallvidrera =[[File:fvallvidrera.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vallvidrera Funicular}}}]] | nuria =[[File:Cremallera de Núria.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Vall de Núria Rack Railway}}}]] | rdc =[[File:Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Rodalies de Catalunya}}}]] | r1 =[[File:R1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2 =[[File:R2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2n =[[File:R2N barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r2s =[[File:R2S barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r3 =[[File:R3 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R3 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r4 =[[File:R4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R4 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r5 =[[File:R5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r50 =[[File:R50 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r6 =[[File:R6 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r60 =[[File:R60 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | r7 =[[File:R7 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R7 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r8 =[[File:R8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R8 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rg1 =[[File:RG1 girona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R1–RG1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt1 =[[File:RT1 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT1 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | rt2 =[[File:RT2 tarragona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|RT2 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r11 =[[File:R11 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R11 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r12 =[[File:R12 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R12 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r13 =[[File:R13 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R13 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r14 =[[File:R14 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R14 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r15 =[[File:R15 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R15 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | r16 =[[File:R16 Rodalies de Catalunya.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|R16 (Rodalies de Catalunya)}}}]] | s1 =[[File:S1 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s2 =[[File:S2 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s5 =[[File:S5 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s55 =[[File:S55 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Barcelona–Vallès Line#Rail services}}}]] | s33 =[[File:S33 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s4 =[[File:S4 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | s8 =[[File:S8 barcelona.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Llobregat–Anoia Line#Rail services}}}]] | tpc =[[File:TPC.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Catalonia#Transport}}}]] }} | changchun ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway | rt = {{RouteBox|Subway|{{{link|Changchun Subway}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|#default}}}} | a | ap | airport ={{RouteBox|Airport|{{{link|Airport line (Changchun Subway)}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|ap}}}} | b | bh | beihu ={{RouteBox|Beihu|{{{link|Beihu line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|bh}}}} | s | sy | shuangyang ={{RouteBox|Shuangyang|{{{link|Shuangyang line}}}|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|sy}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changchun Subway)|#{{rail color|Changchun Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changsha ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 3 | 5 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Changsha Maglev Express}}}|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|ml}}}} | metro =[[File:Changsha Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|Changsha Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changsha Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changsha Metro)|#{{rail color|Changsha Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | changzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ChangzhouMetro.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Changzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Changzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Changzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | charleroi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |metro|#default=[[File:Brussels Metro-simplified.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Charleroi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | chengdu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Chengdu Metro)|#{{rail color|Chengdu Metro|na}}|#000}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Chengdu Metro icon.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chengdu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default={{ric|Chengdu Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | chennai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Chennai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai Metro}}}]] | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue Line|Blue Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Blue}} }} | green ={{RouteBox|Green Line|Green Line (Chennai Metro)|#{{rail color|Chennai Metro|Green}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Chennai#Buses}}}]] | maa | airport =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Chennai International Airport}}}]] }} | chicago ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- commuter rail --> | bnsf =[[BNSF Railway (Metra)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|BNSF}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em">BNSF</span>]] | hc =[[Heritage Corridor|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|hc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">HC</span>]] | mdn =[[Milwaukee District / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-N</span>]] | mdw =[[Milwaukee District / West Line|<span style="color: #25327b; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|mdw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">MD-W</span>]] | me =[[Metra Electric District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|me}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ME</span>]] | metra =[[File:Metramlogo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Metra}}}|alt=Metra]] | ncs =[[North Central Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|nc}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NCS</span>]] | ri =[[Rock Island District|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|ri}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">RI</span>]] | sws =[[SouthWest Service|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|sw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">SWS</span>]] | upn =[[Union Pacific / North Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-N</span>]] | upnw =[[Union Pacific / Northwest Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upnw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-NW</span>]] | upw =[[Union Pacific / West Line|<span style="color: #0055a5; background-color: #{{rail color|Metra|upw}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">UP-W</span>]] <!-- rapid transit --> | l =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago "L"}}}]] | cta =[[File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Chicago Transit Authority}}}]] | pink = [[Pink Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Pink}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Pink</span>]] | red = [[Red Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Red}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Red</span>]] | orange = [[Orange Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Orange}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Orange</span>]] | yellow = [[Yellow Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #000; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Yellow}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Yellow</span>]] | green = [[Green Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Green}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Green</span>]] | blue = [[Blue Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Blue}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Blue</span>]] | purple = [[Purple Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Purple}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Purple</span>]] | brown = [[Brown Line (CTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|CTA|Brown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">Brown</span>]] | ats =[[Airport Transit System|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #ed1c23; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">ATS</span>]] }} | chongqing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | crt = <!-- [[File:CRT Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Rail Transit}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | csr =[[File:CSR Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Chongqing Suburban Railway}}}}}}]] | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|{{lc: {{{2|}}}}}|route|type={{{3|}}}}} | 3a ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Airport|Line 3 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#Airport branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|3|route|type=a}} }} | 6i ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|Int'l Expo|Line 6 (Chongqing Rail Transit)#International Expo branch|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{Rail color box|Chongqing Rail Transit|6|route|type=i}} }} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Chongqing Suburban Railway)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} | cleveland =[[File:Cleveland RTA logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|GCRTA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|GCRTA}}}}}}]] | cologne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Cologne Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | cota =[[File:COTA alt logo.svg|{{{size|35}}}px|link={{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Central Ohio Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | copenhagen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | m1 =[[File:M1 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M1 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 2 | m2 =[[File:M2 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M2 (Copenhagen)}}}]] | 3 | m3 =[[File:M3 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|City Circle Line}}}]] | 4 | m4 =[[File:M4 icon.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|M4 (Copenhagen)}}}]] |s =[[File:S-tog.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-train (Copenhagen)}}}]] |#default =[[File:S-train service {{{2}}}.svg|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|14}}px|link={{#if:{{{link|}}}|{{{link}}}|{{{2}}} (S-train)}}]] }} | ctfastrak =[[File:CTfastrak symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CTfastrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CTfastrak}}}}}}]] | daegu ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Daegu Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Daegu Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Daegu Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | dalian ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dalian Metro)|#{{rail color|Chongqing Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{uc: {{{2}}} }}|{{{link|Line {{uc: {{{2}}} }} (Dalian Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Dalian Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | dallas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m-line | mline | mata =[[File:M-Line Trolley logo.svg|M-Line Trolley|x16px|link={{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|McKinney Avenue Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | lascolinas =[[File:Las_Colinas_APT_Logo.png|Las Colinas APT System|x18px|link={{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Las Colinas APT System}}}}}}]] }} | dammam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Dammam Metro)|#748477}} }} | dart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange |red ={{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}}; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%;">[[{{{Title case|{{{2}}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{white|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}}}]]</span> |[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|<span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; vertical-align:text-top; width:0.8em; height:0.8em; background:#{{rail color|DART|{{{2}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} Line (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)|{{Title case|{{{2}}}}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}} | streetcar =[[File:Dallas Streetcar Icon.png|Dallas Streetcar|x20px|link={{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Streetcar}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Dallas Area Rapid Transit logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dallas Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] }} | delhi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Suburban Railway}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Delhi Metro}}}]] | airport | airport express | orange ={{RouteBox|Airport Express|Delhi Airport Metro Express|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Airport}}}} | blue ={{RouteBox|Blue{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Blue Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Blue}}}} | grey ={{RouteBox|Grey{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Grey Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Grey}}}} | green ={{RouteBox|Green{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Green Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Green}}}} | magenta ={{RouteBox|Magenta{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Magenta Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Magenta}}}} | pink ={{RouteBox|Pink{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Pink}}}} | red ={{RouteBox|Red{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Red Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Red}}}} | violet ={{RouteBox|Violet{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Violet}}}} | yellow ={{RouteBox|Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}||&#32;Line}}|Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|#{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Yellow}}}} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Transport in Delhi#Buses}}}]] }} | denver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |#default =<span style="display:inline-block; width:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} + 2}}px; height:{{{size|14}}}px; background-color:#{{rail color|RTD|{{{2}}}}}; border:1px solid white; border-radius: 3px; padding-top:2px; line-height:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 1}}px; text-align:center; ">&nbsp;[[{{{link|{{{2}}} Line (RTD)}}}|<span style="color:#fff; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; font-size:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 2}}px; white-space:nowrap; margin-left:{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|w|-3|-2}}px;">{{uc: {{{2}}} }}</span>]]&nbsp;</span> |g(old) | g (old) =<span style="display:inline-block; width:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} + 2}}px; height:{{{size|14}}}px; background-color:#{{rail color|RTD|G (old)}}; border:1px solid white; border-radius: 3px; padding-top:2px; line-height:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 1}}px; text-align:center; ">&nbsp;[[{{{link|R Line (RTD)#History}}}|<span style="color:#fff; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; font-size:{{#expr:{{{size|14}}} - 2}}px; white-space:nowrap; margin-left:-2px;">G</span>]]&nbsp;</span> |rtd=[[File:Regional Transportation District logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=RTD Bus & Rail]] }} | detroit ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | dpm | detroit people mover =[[File:DPM_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Detroit People Mover]] | qline | q-line | q line | m1 | m-1 | m-1 rail =[[File:QLINE Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=QLine]] }} | doha ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 | m2 | m3 = {{rcb|Doha Metro|{{{2}}}|inline=route}} | m4 ={{RouteBox|M4|Blue Line (Doha Metro)|#0354A6}} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Red Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#DC241F}} | l2 ={{RouteBox|L2|Green Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#009530}} | l3 ={{RouteBox|L3|Purple Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#9016B2}} | l4 ={{RouteBox|L4|Yellow Line (Lusail Light Rail Transit)|#FFD700}} }} | dongguan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dongguan Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Dongguan Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =[[File:Dongguan Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16x16}}}px|link={{{link|Dongguan Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dongguan Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Dongguan Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Dongguan Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | donostialdea ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro Donostialdea.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Donostialdea}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metro Donostialdea}}}}}}]] }} | dortmund ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Dortmund Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dortmund Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | dresden={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Dresden S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dresden S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | dublin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | dart =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dublin Area Rapid Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dublin Area Rapid Transit}}}}}}]] | commuter =[[File:Irish Rail logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Dublin Suburban Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Dublin Suburban Rail}}}}}}]] | luas | #default =[[File:Luas simple logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Luas}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Luas}}}}}}]] }} | dubai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m1 ={{RouteBox|M1|Red Line (Dubai Metro)|#DC241F}} | m2 ={{RouteBox|M2|Green Line (Dubai Metro)|#009530}} | m3 ={{RouteBox|M3|Purple Line (Dubai Metro)|#9016B2}} | m4 ={{RouteBox|M4|Blue Line (Dubai Metro)|#0354A6}} | l1 ={{RouteBox|L1|Palm Jumeirah Monorail|#748477}} | t1 ={{RouteBox|T1|Dubai Tram|#01a0b1}} | t2 ={{RouteBox|T2|Dubai Trolley|#800000}} }} | duisburg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Duisburg Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Duisburg Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | düsseldorf ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Düsseldorf Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Düsseldorf Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | edinburgh =[[File:EdinburghTramsGeneric.png|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edinburgh Trams}}}}}}]] | edmonton ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | ets =[[File:Edmonton Transit System logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Edmonton Transit System}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Edmonton Transit System}}}}}}]] | capital =[[File:MtlMetro5.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Capital Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Capital Line}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Wayside Signal Red.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metro Line}}}}}}]] | valley =[[File:MtlMetro1.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Valley Line (Edmonton)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Valley Line}}}}}}]] }} | esfahan | isfahan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Esfahan Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Isfahan Metro}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | essen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Essen Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Essen Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | eurostar =[[File:Eurostar icon RDT.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Eurostar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Eurostar}}}}}}]] | euskotren ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tren =[[File:Euskotren Trena Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Trena}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Trena}}}}}}]] | tranbia =[[File:Euskotren Tranbia Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Tranbia}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Tranbia}}}}}}]] | autobusa =[[File:Euskotren Autobusa Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Euskotren Autobusa}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Euskotren Autobusa}}}}}}]] }} | fortworth ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tre =[[File:TRE logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}}}}]] | tex =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TEXRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TEXRail}}}}}}]] }} | foshan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} | n | nh | nanhai ={{RouteBox|Nanhai|Nanhai New Transit|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Foshan Metro)|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|gf}}}} | n | nh | nanhai ={{RouteBox|Nanhai|Nanhai New Transit|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|nh}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Foshan Metro)|#{{rail color|Foshan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | frankfurt = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rmv = [[File:Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund logo.svg|{{{size|50}}}px|link=Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund|alt=Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV)]] | rail = [[File:Eisenbahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Rapid Transit]] | bus = [[File:Omnibus-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Public transport in Frankfurt am Main#Bus]] | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Rhine-Main S-Bahn]] | tram = [[File:Straßenbahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Trams in Frankfurt am Main]] | u = [[File:U-Bahn-Logo traffiQ.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Frankfurt U-Bahn]] | #default = {{ÖPNV Frankfurt|{{{2|}}}}} }} | fuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Hok-chiu Tē-thih {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Fuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Fuzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Fuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Fuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Hok-chiu Tē-thih {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Fuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | geneva ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Transports Publics Genevois}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Transports Publics Genevois}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Mouettes Genevoises Navigation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mouettes Genevoises Navigation}}}}}}]] }} | glasgow =[[File:Glasgow Subway.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Glasgow Subway}}}}}}]] | gotransit | got={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail | train={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:GO Lakeshore West logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:GO Lakeshore East logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:GO Milton logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:GO Kitchener logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:GO Barrie logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:GO Richmond Hill logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:GO Stouffville logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] | midtown | seaton | locust hill =[[File:Midtown line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Midtown corridor]] }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=GO Transit bus services]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} }} | [[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | granada ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Granada.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Granada metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Granada metro}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:L1 Metro de Granada.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Granada Metro}}}]] }} | greece = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | r = [[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x13}}}px|link={{{link|TrainOSE}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TrainOSE}}}}}}]] | s = [[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|26}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos}}}}}}]] }} | guangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | apm ={{RouteBox|APM|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | k | kc ={{RouteBox|Knowledge City|Knowledge City Line|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 | 9 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | a | apm ={{RouteBox|APM|Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|apm}}}} | g | gf | guangfo ={{RouteBox|Guangfo|Guangfo Metro|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|gf}}}} | gfm =[[File:Guangfo metro (symbol).png|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangfo Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangfo Metro}}}}}}]] | k | kc ={{RouteBox|Knowledge City|Knowledge City Line|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|kc}}}} | metro =[[File:Guangzhou Metro icon.svg|{{{size|x16px}}}|link={{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | thz1 ={{RouteBox|THZ1|Haizhu Tram|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|thz1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Guangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | guiyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:GuiyangMetro.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Guiyang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Guiyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Guiyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | gwangju ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gwangju Metro}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link=Gwangju Metro Line {{{2}}}]] }} | hamburg = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s-bahn| s = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg S-Bahn]] | u-bahn| u = [[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Hamburg U-Bahn]] | bus = [[File:Hamburg Bus-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|Bus]] | db = [[File:Deutsche Bahn AG-Logo.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=List of railway stations in Hamburg]] | r = [[File:Regionalbahn Signet HVV.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r20 = [[File:Hamburg R20.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | r50 = [[File:Hamburg R50.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=Regionalbahn]] | akn| a = [[File:HVV Logo AKN.svg|x{{{size|15}}}px|link=AKN Eisenbahn]] }} | hamilton ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | hsr =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Hamilton Street Railway}}}]] | go | got | gotransit ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | train | a | lakeshore west | rail =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | bus ={{{icon|[[File:GO bus symbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=List of GO Transit bus routes]]}}} | #default =[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]] }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{2}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | lrt ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | b =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | b=[[File:BLAST B.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Hamilton LRT]] | a | t =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{uc:{{{3}}}}}-Line (Hamilton)]] | l | s =[[File:BLAST {{uc:{{{3}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=BLAST network]] }} }} | hangzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1b ={{RouteBox|1 branch|Line 1 (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|1b}}}} | fy | fuyang ={{RouteBox|Fuyang|Fuyang line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | la | lin'an ={{RouteBox|Lin'an|Lin'an line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | metro =[[File:Hangzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hangzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | sx | shaoxing ={{RouteBox|Shaoxing|Shaoxing line|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hangzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Hangzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hannover | hanover = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Hanover S-Bahn}}}]] }} | harbin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Harbin Metro)|#{{rail color|Harbin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Harbin Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Harbin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Harbin Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Harbin Metro)|#{{rail color|Harbin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | hartford =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Hartford Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hartford Line}}}}}}]] | hblr =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Hudson–Bergen Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hudson–Bergen Light Rail}}}}}}]] | hefei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Hefei Metro)|#{{rail color|Hefei Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | heilbronn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | stadtbahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heilbronn Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | hk | hongkong ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | lightrail ={{ric|MTR Light Rail|{{{3|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | mtr ={{ric|MTR|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|MTR|{{{2|}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} | houston ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:HoustonMetroLogoOnly.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County}}}]] | red =[[File:HoustonMetroRedLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|North/Red Line (METRORail)}}}]] | green =[[File:HoustonMetroGreenLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|East End/Green Line (METRORail)}}}]] | purple =[[File:HoustonMetroPurpleLine.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Southeast/Purple Line (METRORail)}}}]] }} | id ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) 2020.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Kereta Api Indonesia}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Kereta Api Indonesia}}}}}}]] }} | incheon ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 = [[File:Incheon Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Incheon Subway Line 1}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Incheon Subway Line 1}}}}}}]] | 2 = [[File:Incheon Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Incheon Subway Line 2}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Incheon Subway Line 2}}}}}}]] }} | innsbruck ={{ÖPNV Innsbruck|{{{2|}}}}} | isleofwight ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | vectis =[[File:Southern Vectis diamond logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Southern Vectis}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Southern Vectis}}}}}}]] | wightbus =[[File:Wightbus yellow blue logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Wightbus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wightbus}}}}}}]] }} | istanbul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | b | banliyö =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Banliyö Treni line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =link={{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}}}}} | 2 =link={{{link|Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Haydarpaşa-Gebze Line}}}}}} | #default=link={{{link|İstanbul-Halkalı Line}}} }}]] | bus | metrobus | metrobüs =[[File:Istanbul Metrobus Official_Logo.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Istanbul)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metrobus (Istanbul)}}}}}}]] | f1 | f3 | f4 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Istanbul Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Istanbul Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 | m1a | m1b | m2 | m3 | m4 | m5 | m6 | m7 | m8 | m9 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}} (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|1|2}}}}}}}}]] | m10 =[[File:Istanbul M10 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M10 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m11 =[[File:Istanbul M11 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M11 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m12 =[[File:Istanbul M12 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M12 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | m13 =[[File:Istanbul M13 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M13 (Istanbul Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M13 (Istanbul Metro)}}}}}}]] | marmaray =[[File:Istanbul Line Symbol Marmaray.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Marmaray}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Marmaray}}}}}}]] | mm =[[File:Istanbul public transport - MM line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px]] <!-- Mini-Metro --> | t1 | t4 | t5 =[[File:Istanbul {{uc:{{{2}}}}} Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul modern tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line {{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}}}}}]] | t2 =[[File:Istanbul T2 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | t3 =[[File:Istanbul T3 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | nt | nostaljik tramvay =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Nostaljik Tramvay symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Istanbul nostalgic tramways}}}}}}]] | t | tunel | tünel =[[File:Istanbul F2 Line Symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Tünel}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tünel}}}}}}]] | tf | teleferik | gondola =[[File:Istanbul public transport - Teleferik line symbol.png|{{{size|17}}}px|{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =link={{{link|Maçka Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Maçka Gondola}}}}}} | 2 =link={{{link|Eyüp Gondola}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Eyüp Gondola}}}}}} }}]] | ferry =<!-- [[File:Istanbul Şehir Hatları logo.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Ferries in Istanbul}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ferries in Istanbul}}}}}}]] --> | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus icon blue.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İDO}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İDO}}}}}}]] }} | izmir ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | b | banliyo | banliyö | izban =[[File:Train-310470 640.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İZBAN}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İZBAN}}}}}}]] | bus =[[File:ESHOT Genel Müdürlüğü Logo.jpg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|ESHOT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ESHOT}}}}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Metroİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İzmir Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İzmir Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 =[[File: Stationsschild Izmir Metro.png |{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|M1 (İzmir Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M1 (İzmir Metro)}}}}}}]] | t1 | karşıyakatram | karsiyakatram =[[File:Tramİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Karşıyaka Tram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T1}}}}}}]] | t2 | konaktram =[[File:Tramİzmir.png|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Konak Tram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line T2}}}}}}]] | ferry | seabus =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|İzdeniz}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|İzdeniz}}}}}}]] }} | jaipur ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | m | metro =[[File:Jaipur Metro Logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Jaipur Metro}}}]] }} | jakarta ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a | arl =[[File:Jakarta KRL A.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link}}}]] | b | central | red | bogor =[[File:Jakarta KRL B.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|KAI Commuter Bogor Line}}}]] | c | bekasi | cikarang | blue =[[File:Jakarta KRL 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roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line (London Underground)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} line (London Underground)}}}}}}]] | east london =[[File:East London line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|East London line#The London Underground era}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|East London line}}}}}}]] | fleet =[[File:Fleet line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Fleet line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Fleet Line}}}}}}]] | h&c =[[File:H&c line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Hammersmith & City line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hammersmith & City Line}}}}}}]] | w&c =[[File:W&c line roundel (no text).svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Waterloo & City line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Waterloo & City Line}}}}}}]] }} | losangeles ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrolink ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{4|}}}|1| <span style="display:inline-block; position:relative; padding:0 0.5em; background:#{{rail color|Metrolink 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(California)|{{{3}}}}};"></span>]]{{#ifeq:{{{4|}}}|0||&#32;[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} Line {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|1|1}}|r| (Metrolink)|}}|{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{3}}}}}|1|1}} |9|p=91/Perris Valley |a=Antelope Valley |i=Inland Empire–Orange County |o=Orange County |r=Riverside |s=San Bernardino |v=Ventura County}} {{#if:{{{line|}}}|Line|}}]]}}}}|[[File:Metrolink icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolink (California)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metrolink (California)}}}}}}]]}} | lacmta ={{LACMTA link logo{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}showtext{{=}}yes|}}}} | {{LACMTA icon|{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}showtext=yes|}}}} }} | lyon ={{#switch:{{lc:{{{2}}}}} | bus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-bus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Lyon}}}]] | f | funicular =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-funi-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Funiculars of Lyon}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-metro-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon Metro}}}]] | t | tramway =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-tram-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Lyon tramway}}}]] | tr | trolleybus =[[File:Lyon tcl logo-cbus-full.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybuses in Lyon}}}]] | {{RouteBox|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{2}}}}}|F1|F2=Funiculars of Lyon|Lyon Metro Line {{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}|#{{rail color|Lyon Metro|{{uc:{{{2}}}}}}}}} }} | madrid ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | renfe =[[File:Madrid-MetroRENFE.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}]] | c | cercanias | cercanías =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-7 =[[File:C-7 red.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-8 =[[File:C-8 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-9 =[[File:C-9 orange.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | c-10 =[[File:C-10 lime.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Madrid}}}]] | metro =[[File:MetroMadridLogoSimplified.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro}}}]] | #default =[[File:Madrid-MetroLinea{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | r | ramal =[[File:Madrid-MetroRamal.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Ramal (Madrid Metro)}}}]] | l | ligero =[[File:Stadtbahn Madrid Logo.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero}}}]] | l1 | ml1 | ml-1 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-1}}}]] | l2 | ml2 | ml-2 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-2}}}]] | l3 | ml3 | ml-3 =[[File:Madrid_MetroLigero3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metro Ligero#Line ML-3}}}]] | bus | e | emt =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | u | urbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | i | interurbano =[[File:MadridMetro-BusInterurbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | lr | largo | recorrido | largorecorrido =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | b | buho =[[File:MadridBusBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | ib | interurbanobuho =[[File:MadridBusInterurbanoBuho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid#Buses}}}]] | a =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaA.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | b3 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaB3.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | c2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaC2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e1 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] | e2 =[[File:Madrid-MetroZonaE2.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Madrid Metro#Fares}}}]] }} | malaga | málaga ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Logo metro málaga.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:MetroMalaga L1.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | 2 =[[File:MetroMalaga L2.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|Málaga Metro}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Málaga}}}]] }} | manchester =[[File:Metrolink generic.png|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Manchester Metrolink}}}}}}]] | manila ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lrt-1 | lrt1 | 1 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|1}} | lrt-2 | lrt2 | mrt-2 | mrt2 | 2 ={{rail icon|Manila LRT|2}} | mrt-3 | mrt3 | lrt-3 | lrt3 | 3 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|3|inline=route}} | mrt-4 | mrt4 | 4 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|4|inline=route}} | lrt-5 | lrt5 | 5 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|5|inline=route}} | lrt-6 | lrt6 | 6 ={{rail color box|Manila LRT|6|inline=route}} | mrt-7 | mrt7 | 7 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|7|inline=route}} | mrt-8 | mrt8 | 8 ={{rail color box|Manila MRT|8|inline=route}} | mrt-9 | mrt9 | 9 | mms ={{RouteBox|MMS|Metro Manila Subway|#{{rail color|Manila MRT|9}}}} | pnr | mc | orange = [[Image:Philippine National Railways (PNR).svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|PNR Metro Commuter Line}}}]] | nscr = {{RouteBox|NSCR|Philippine National Railways|#{{rail color|Philippine National Railways}}|black}} }} | marta =[[File:MARTA stripes logo.svg|{{{size|30}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority}}}}}}]] | mashhad ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Mashhad Metro logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Mashhad Urban Railway}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | mecca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a ={{RouteBox|A|Line A (Mecca Metro)|#FFD700}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|Line B (Mecca Metro)|#009530}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|Line C (Mecca Metro)|#DC241F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|Line D (Mecca Metro)|#0354A6}} | s | shuttle ={{RouteBox|S|Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro Southern Line|#FFC0CB|#000000}} }} | medina ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Jeddah Metro)|#009530}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Jeddah Metro)|#0354A6}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Jeddah Metro)|#DC241F}} }} <!-- "melbourne" is an alias for "victoria" --> | mexicocity ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | mcm =[[File:Mexico City Metro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro}}}}}}]] | tl =[[File:DFGGH.JPG|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xochimilco Light Rail}}}}}}]] | fs =[[File:Ferrocarril Suburbano.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tren Suburbano}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:MetroDF Línea {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mexico City Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | miami ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metrobus =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrobus (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] | metromover =[[File:Logo Miami-Dade County.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Metromover}}}|alt={{{alt|Metromover}}}]] | metrorail | #default =[[File:MDTMetro.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}|alt={{{alt|Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)}}}]] }} | minnesota ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] | blue =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|blue}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Blue Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Blue Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | green =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Green Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Green Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | red =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|red}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Red Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Red Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | orange =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|orange}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro Orange Line (Minnesota)|{{white|Orange Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | southwest lrt|sw|southwest|lrt =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|southwest lrt}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|green}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Southwest LRT|{{white|Southwest LRT}}]]&nbsp;</span> | a =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|a}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro A Line (Minnesota)|{{white|A Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | b =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|b}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro B Line (Minnesota)|{{white|B Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | c =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|c}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro C Line (Minnesota)|{{white|C Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | d =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|d}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro D Line (Minnesota)|{{white|D Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> | e =[[File:Metro Minnesota icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Metro (Minnesota)]] <span style="background-color:#{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; border:1px solid #{{rail color|Metro (Minnesota)|e}}; color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:80%; white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;[[Metro E Line (Minnesota)|{{white|E Line}}]]&nbsp;</span> }} | minsk ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Minsk_metro_logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Minsk Metro]] | 1 | maskowskaya =[[File:Minsk Metro First Line logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Maskowskaya line]] | 2 | awtazavodskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Second_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Awtazavodskaya line]] | 3 | zelenaluzhskaya =[[File:Minsk_Metro_Third_Line_logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Zelenaluzhskaya line]] }} | mitteldeutschland = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s|s-bahn = [[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland}}}]] }} | montreal ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:Exo.svg|24px|link={{{link|Exo (public transit)}}}]]}} {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | candiac | delson | delson-candiac =[[File:AMT_Candiac_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Candiac line]] | deux-montagnes =[[File:AMT_Deux-Montagnes_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Deux-Montagnes line]] | mascouche | repentigny-mascouche | repentigny =[[File:AMT_Mascouche_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mascouche line]] | mont-saint-hilaire =[[File:AMT_Mont-Saint-Hilaire_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Mont-Saint-Hilaire line]] | saint-jerome | saint-jérôme | blainville | blainville-saint-jerome | blainville-saint-jérôme =[[File:AMT_Saint-Jérôme_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Saint-Jérôme line]] | vaudreuil | hudson | vaudreuil-hudson =[[File:AMT_Vaudreuil–Hudson_icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Vaudreuil–Hudson line]] }} | metro = {{rail icon|Montreal Metro|{{lc: {{{3}}} }}|size={{{size|16}}}}} | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | express =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | night =[[File:STM Autobus Nuit.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | reserved =[[File:STM Autobus Express.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | navetteor =[[File:STM Autobus NavetteOr.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | shuttle =[[File:STM Autobus Navette.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | 10min =[[File:STM Autobus 10Min.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] | #default =[[File:Autobusmontréal.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|List of Montreal bus routes}}}]] }} | rem ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] | #default =[[File:Réseau_express_métropolitain_logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Réseau express métropolitain}}}]] }} }} | mumbai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | suburban =[[File:Indian Railways Suburban Railway Logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Suburban Railway}}}]] | nmm | navi | navi mumbai metro =[[File:NaviMumbaiMetro-Logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Navi Mumbai Metro}}}]] | m | metro =[[File:Mumbai Metro Line 1 logo.png|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Metro}}}]] | mr | monorail =[[File:Mumbai MonoRail Logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Mumbai Monorail}}}]] }} | munich={{ÖPNV München|{{{2}}}|{{{size|12}}}}} | nagoya ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | h | higashiyama =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Higashiyama Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Higashiyama Line}}}]] | m | meijō | meijo =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meijō Line}}}]] | e | meikō | meiko =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Meijo & Meiko Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Meikō Line}}}]] | t | tsurumai =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Tsurumai Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tsurumai Line}}}]] | s | sakura-dōri | sakura-dori | sakuradori =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Sakura-dori Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakura-dōri Line}}}]] | k | kamiiida =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (Kamiiida Line).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Kamiiida Line}}}]] | metro =[[File:Nagoya Subway Logo (black).svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagoya Municipal Subway}}}]] }} | nanchang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro | rt = <!-- [[File:NanChang Metro logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanchang Metro}}}}}}]] image deleted, commented out per TPER 2021-07-25 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Nanchang Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanchang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | nanjing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Nanjing Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanjing Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | s ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{4}}} }} | na ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|S{{{3}}}|Line S{{{3}}} (Nanjing Metro)|#{{rail color|Nanjing Metro|s{{{3}}}}}}} }} }} }} | nanning ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro =<!-- [[File:Nanning Rail Transit.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nanning Rail Transit}}}}}}]] deleted 13 August 2021 --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Nanning Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Nanning Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | newcastle =[[File:TWMetro logo no text.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tyne and Wear Metro}}}}}}]] | newark =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Newark Light Rail}}}}}}]] | neworleans ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | stcharles | st-charles | 12 =[[St. Charles Streetcar Line|{{color box|Green}}]] | canal =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] [[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | canal-cemeteries | 47 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|Red}}]] | canal-city-park-museum | 48 =[[Canal Streetcar Line|{{color box|#90EE90}}]] | riverfront | 2 | 02 =[[Riverfront Streetcar Line|{{color box|Blue}}]] | rampart-st-claude | loyola-rampart-st-claude | 49 =[[Rampart–St. Claude Streetcar Line|{{color box|Gold}}]] }} | newtaipei ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | v | V = [[File:New Taipei Metro Danhai LRT Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-hái Khin-kúi}}}]] | k | K = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_K.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|An-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | s | S = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_S.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Chhim-kheⁿ Khin-kúi}}}]] | lb | LB = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_LB.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sam-eng-sòaⁿ}}}]] | f | F = [[File:New_Taipei_Metro_Line_F_(Wugu-Taishan).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Gō͘-kó͘ Thài-san Khin-kúi}}}]] }} | newyork | newyorkcity | nycs | nycs-h = {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2}}}}} | mta =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}}]] | lirr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Long Island Rail Road}}}]] | mnr =[[File:MTA NYC logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Metro-North Railroad}}}]] | sir =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SIR-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|2016-2017|Std}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|15|20}}}}}px|link={{{link|Staten Island Railway}}}]] | airtrainjfk =[[File:AirTrain_JFK_notext_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|AirTrain JFK}}}]] | subway =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|New York City Subway}}}]] | #default =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}} (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 4d | 4x =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-4d{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="4" express train|link={{{link|4 (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | 5d 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=[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Fd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="F" express train|link={{{link|Fd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | j | z =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{{2}}}{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="{{{2}}}" train|link={{{link|J/Z (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | mex =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|M brown|M-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=brown "M" train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | md | mx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|Md brown|Md-Std-brown}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="M" express train|link={{{link|M (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | nd | nx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Nd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="N" express train|link={{{link|N (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | qd | qx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Qd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt="Q" express train|link={{{link|Qd (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | s | ss =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=shuttle train|link={{{link|S (New York City Subway service)}}}]]{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|s|[[Category:Pages using Rail-interchange with newyork-s]]<nowiki/>}} | sb | sblue =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h|S blue|SR-Std-blue}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt="A" Shuttle train|link={{{link|A (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | sf | franklin =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | sr | rockaway =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | s42 | 42nd =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-S{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=42nd Street Shuttle|link={{{link|42nd Street Shuttle}}}]] | ssf =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SF{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Franklin Avenue Shuttle|link={{{link|Franklin Avenue Shuttle}}}]] | ssr =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-SR{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=Rockaway Park Shuttle|link={{{link|Rockaway Park Shuttle}}}]] | wd | wx =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-Wd{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|nycs-h||-Std}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|alt=W express train|link={{{link|W (New York City Subway service)}}}]] | jfk =[[File:NYCS-bull-trans-JFK.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|alt=JFK Express|link={{{link|JFK Express}}}]] }} | nictd =[[File:BSicon South Shore Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|South Shore Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|South Shore Line}}}}}}]] | ningbo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao Intercity Railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro = | fh | fenghua ={{RouteBox|Fenghua|Ningbo–Fenghua intercity railway|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|fh}}}} | yy | yongyu|yuyao ={{RouteBox|Yongyu|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity railway|#{{rail color|CRH|Ningbo–Yuyao intercity}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Ningbo Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Ningbo Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | nizhny | nizhny novgorod ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:NNMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Nizhny Novgorod Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nizhny Novgorod Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:NNMetro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Avtozavodskaya Line (1)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:NNMetro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sormovskaya Line (2)}}}}}}]] | 3 =[[File:NNMetro Line 3.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Nagornaya 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3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MAIN</span>]] | mdw | meadowlands =[[Meadowlands Rail Line|<span style="color: black; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Meadowlands}}; border: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: black; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MDW</span>]] | mobo | montclair-boonton =[[Montclair-Boonton Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Montclair-Boonton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MOBO</span>]] | me | morristown =[[Morristown Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Morristown}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">M&E</span>]] | njcl | north jersey coast line =[[North Jersey Coast Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|North Jersey Coast}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NJCL</span>]] | nec | northeast corridor =[[Northeast Corridor Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Northeast Corridor}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NEC</span>]] | pvl | pascack valley =[[Pascack Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Pascack Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PVL</span>]] | prin | princeton =[[Princeton Branch|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Princeton}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PRIN</span>]] | rvl | raritan valley =[[Raritan Valley Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|NJ Transit|Raritan Valley}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">RVL</span>]] }} | nottingham =[[File:NET notext 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6 | k | sakaisuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Sakaisuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Sakaisuji Line}}}]] | 7 | n | nagahori =[[File:Osaka Metro Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line}}}]] | 8 | i | imazatosuji =[[File:Osaka Metro Imazatosuji line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Imazatosuji Line}}}]] | p | nanko =[[File:Osaka Metro Nanko Port Town line symbol.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Nankō Port Town Line}}}]] }} | oslo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram = [[File:Oslo_Tramway_Piktogram.svg|15px|link=Trams in Oslo]] | 11 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 19 = [[File:Oslo Tramway new {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Oslo#Line {{{2}}}}}}]] }} | ottawa ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | otrain ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | #default =[[File:O-Train icon.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=O-Train]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | confederation | 1 =[[File:Ottawa - Line 1 Confederation 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jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|}}}}}}]] | b | bus =[[File:Paris transit icons - Bus.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus (RATP)}}}}}}]] | c | cdgval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CDGVAL}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CDGVAL}}}}}}]] | g | gdslignes =[[File:Paris logo gdslignes jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SNCF}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SNCF}}}}}}]] | mo | montmartre =[[File:Paris logo montmartre jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Montmartre Funicular}}}}}}]] | n | noctilien =[[File:Paris logo noctilien jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Noctilien}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Noctilien}}}}}}]] | o | orlyval =[[File:Paris logo orlyval jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orlyval}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Orlyval}}}}}}]] | te | ter =[[File:Paris logo ter jms.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TER}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TER}}}}}}]] }} | path ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:PATH logo white.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:PATH logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Port Authority Trans-Hudson}}}}}}]] }} | perc | pery =[[File:PE Bolt.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pacific Electric}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pacific Electric}}}}}}]] {{#if:{{{2|{{{showtext|}}}}}}|[[Pacific Electric]]|}} | perth ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:Aiga bus trans.svg|{{{size|11}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus transfer}}}}}}]] | circle =[[File:CircleRoute icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|CircleRoute}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CircleRoute}}}}}}]] | event =[[File:Transperth special event.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Special event station}}}}}}]] | indian =[[File:Indian Pacific icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Indian Pacific}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Indian Pacific}}}}}}]] | train | transperth ={{ric|Transperth|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | transwa ={{ric|Transwa|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | #default ={{ric|Transperth|{{{2|}}}|size={{{size|}}}|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} }} | philadelphia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} <!-- transit --> | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | septa-old =[[File:SEPTA_logo_1970s.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | bsl | broad street =[[Broad Street Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BSL</span>]] | brs | spur | ridge spur =[[Broad Street Line#Broad–Ridge Spur|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|Broad Street}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">BRS</span>]] | mfl | market-frankford =[[Market–Frankford Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|market–frankford}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">MFL</span>]] | nhsl | norristown high speed line =[[Norristown High Speed Line|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|SEPTA|nhsl}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">NHSL</span>]] | patco =[[PATCO Speedline|<span style="color:#fff; background-color: #{{rail color|PATCO}}; border-radius: 2px; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.9em">PATCO</span>]] <!-- regional rail --> | air =[[Airport Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Airport}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">AIR</span>]] | che =[[Chestnut Hill East Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill East}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHE</span>]] | chw =[[Chestnut Hill West Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Chestnut Hill West}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CHW</span>]] | cyn =[[Cynwyd Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Cynwyd}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">CYN</span>]] | gln =[[SEPTA Main Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Glenside}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">GLN</span>]] | fxc | fox =[[Fox Chase Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Fox Chase}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">FOX</span>]] | doy =[[Lansdale/Doylestown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|doylestown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">DOY</span>]] | nor =[[Manayunk/Norristown Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|norristown}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NOR</span>]] | elw =[[Media/Elwyn Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Media/Elwyn}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">ELW</span>]] | tho =[[Paoli/Thorndale Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Paoli/Thorndale}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">THO</span>]] | tre =[[Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">TRE</span>]] | war =[[Warminster Line|<span style="color: black; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Warminster}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WAR</span>]] | wtr =[[West Trenton Line (SEPTA)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|West Trenton}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">WTR</span>]] | nwk =[[Wilmington/Newark Line|<span style="color: #fff; background-color:#{{rail color|SEPTA|Wilmington/Newark}}; font-weight: bold; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; font-size:0.8em;">NWK</span>]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|{{{link|SEPTA Route {{{2}}} }}}|#{{rail color|SEPTA|{{{2}}}}} }} }} | pittsburgh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | white =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo) white.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Pittsburgh Light Rail (logo).svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Pittsburgh Light Rail}}}}}}]] }} | portland ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue | green | orange | red | yellow = {{ric|TriMet|{{{2}}}|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX {{ucfirst:{{lc: {{{2}}} }}}} Line}}}}}}}} | a | b | ns = {{rcb|Portland Streetcar|{{{2}}}|inline=route}} | wes =[[File:Aiga railtransportation 25.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link| WES Commuter Rail}}}}}}]] | max = {{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MAX Light Rail}}}}}}}} | streetcar = {{ric|Portland Streetcar|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Portland Streetcar}}}}}}}} | trimet | #default ={{ric|TriMet|size={{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|TriMet}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TriMet}}}}}}}} }} | porto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:PortoMetro.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] | funicular =[[File:Logo_funicular_2.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular dos Guindais}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:Metro do Porto linha {{uc:{{{2}}}}}.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Porto Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Porto Metro}}}}}}]] }} | prague ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | esko|e =[[File:Prag Esko Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Esko Prague}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Prague Esko}}}}}}]] | #default =[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|<span style="color: #fff; background-color: #{{rail color|Prague Metro|{{{2}}}}}; font-size: {{{size|12}}}px; font-weight: bold; padding: 2px 3px 0 3px">{{{2}}}</span>]] {{#if:{{{3|{{{text|}}}}}}|<span style="font-size: {{#if:{{{4|{{{small|}}}}}}|85|100}}%;">[[Line {{{2}}} (Prague Metro)|Line {{{2}}}]]</span>|}} }} | qingdao ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Qingdao Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Qingdao Metro}}}}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Qingdao Metro)|#{{rail color|Qingdao Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | qom ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] }} | rhine-neckar ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | rhine-ruhr ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn}}}}}}]] }} | riyadh ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Riyadh Metro)|#0354A6}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Riyadh Metro)|#DC241F}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Riyadh Metro)|#FF9A00}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Riyadh Metro)|#FFD700}} | 5 ={{RouteBox|5|Line 5 (Riyadh Metro)|#009530}} | 6 ={{RouteBox|6|Line 6 (Riyadh Metro)|#9016B2}} }} | riodejaneiro ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metrorioicon.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Metro}}}]] | 1 ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FF8500|black}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio de Janeiro)|#00AE27}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Rio de Janeiro)|#FFC400|black}} | sv =[[File:Logo da SuperVia.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SuperVia}}}]] | lrt =[[File:Vlt carioca logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rio de Janeiro Light Rail}}}]] | 1l ={{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Rio LRT)|#0D73B9}} | 2l ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Rio LRT)|#008000}} | 3l ={{RouteBox|3|Line 3 (Rio LRT)|#F1C232|black}} }} | rostock ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |s|s-bahn = {{ric|Rostock S-Bahn|size=x{{{size|12}}}px}} |s1|s2|s3 = {{rcb|Rostock S-Bahn|{{{2}}}|croute}} |tram = [[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|x{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Rostock}}}]] }} | rotterdam ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:RET metro logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rotterdam Metro}}}]] | a ={{RouteBox|A|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line A}}}|#00AA50}} | b ={{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line B}}}|#FFD301|black}} | c ={{RouteBox|C|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line C}}}|#EF1F1F}} | d ={{RouteBox|D|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line D}}}|#1BC5E9}} | e ={{RouteBox|E|{{{link|Rotterdam Metro line E}}}|#1A389A}} | 3 ={{RouteBox|3|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 3}}}|#A9218E}} | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|{{{link|Zoetermeer Stadslijn#Line 4}}}|#F4901D}} }} | sacramento =[[File:Sacramento_Regional_Transit.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sacramento RT Light Rail}}}}}}]] | saintlouis | stlouis = [[File:St_Louis_MetroLink_Logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|MetroLink (St. Louis)}}}}}}]] | saintpetersburg | stpetersburg = [[File:Spb metro line{{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link=Line {{{2}}} (Saint Petersburg Metro)]] | salzburg={{ÖPNV Salzburg|{{{2|}}}}} | sandiego ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:MTS_Bus_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|List of bus routes in San Diego}}}]] | coaster =[[File:Coaster_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Coaster (commuter rail)}}}]] | sprinter =[[File:Sprinter San Diego.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sprinter (light rail)}}}]] | trolley =[[File:MTS_Trolley_icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|San Diego Trolley}}}]] | blue | b =[[File:San Diego Trolley Blue Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | orange | o =[[File:San Diego Trolley Orange Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | green | g =[[File:San Diego Trolley Green Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] | silver | s =[[File:San Diego Trolley Silver Line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Silver Line (San Diego Trolley)}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{3|{{{showtext|}}}}}}|&nbsp;[[{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|1|1}}|b=Blue|g=Green|o=Orange|s=Silver}} Line (San Diego Trolley)|{{#switch:{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{lc:{{{2}}}}}|1|1}}|b=Blue|g=Green|o=Orange|s=Silver}} Line]] }} | sanfrancisco ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | muni =[[File:BSicon LOGO SFmuni.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|San Francisco Municipal Railway}}}]] | metro =[[File:BSicon LOGO SFmuni.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Muni Metro}}}]] | e =[[File:E Embarcadero logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|E Embarcadero}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|E Embarcadero}}}}}}]] | f =[[File:F Market & Wharves logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|F Market & Wharves}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|F Market & Wharves}}}}}}]] | j =[[File:J Church logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|J Church}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|J Church}}}}}}]] | k =[[File:K Ingleside logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|K Ingleside}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|K Ingleside}}}}}}]] | l =[[File:L Taraval logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|L Taraval}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|L Taraval}}}}}}]] | m =[[File:M Ocean View logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|M Ocean View}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|M Ocean View}}}}}}]] | n =[[File:N Judah logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|N Judah}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|N Judah}}}}}}]] | s =[[File:S Shuttle logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|S Shuttle}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|S Shuttle}}}}}}]] | t =[[File:T Third Street logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|T Third Street}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|T Third Street}}}}}}]] | cable =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|San Francisco cable car system}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | california =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|California Street line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | powell-hyde | hyde =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Powell-Hyde line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] | powell-mason | mason =[[File:BSicon CCAR.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Powell-Mason line}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}]] }} | santaclara ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | blue =[[File:VTA-Blue-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Blue Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | green =[[File:VTA-Green-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Green Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | orange =[[File:VTA-Orange-icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (VTA)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Orange Line (VTA)}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon LOGO SCvta.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Santa Clara VTA}}}}}}]] }} | santiago ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Santiago Metro logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L1.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 1}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L2.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 2}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 3}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L4.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 4}}}]] | 4a =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L4A.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 4A}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 5}}}]] | 6 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 6}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L7.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 7}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L8.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 8}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Santiago_de_Chile_L9.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Santiago Metro Line 9}}}]] }} | saopaulo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Metrô-SP icon.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|São Paulo Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Spmetro 1.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Spmetro 2.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Spmetro 3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Spmetro 4.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 4 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Spmetro 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 5 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 6 =[[File:L06 C.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 6 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 15 =[[File:Spmetro 15.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 15 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 16 ={{RouteBox|16|Line 16 (São Paulo Metro)|#8F00FF}} | 17 =[[File:L17 C.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 17 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 18 ={{RouteBox|18|Line 18 (São Paulo Metro)|#964b00}} | 19 ={{RouteBox|19|Line 19 (São Paulo Metro)|#0099cc}} | 20 ={{RouteBox|20|Line 20 (São Paulo Metro)|#ff3366}} | cptm =[[File:Cptmsymbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Cptm 7.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 7 (CPTM)}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Cptm 8.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 8 (CPTM)}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Cptm 9.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 9 (CPTM)}}}]] | 10 =[[File:Cptm 10.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 10 (CPTM)}}}]] | 10+ ={{RouteBox|10+|Line 10 (CPTM)|#0088B0}} | 10E | 10e ={{RouteBox|10E|Line 10 (CPTM)|#0088B0}} | 11 =[[File:Cptm 11.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 11 (CPTM)}}}]] | 12 =[[File:Cptm 12.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 12 (CPTM)}}}]] | 13 =[[File:Cptm 13.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (CPTM)}}}]] | 13AC | 13ac | ac ={{RouteBox|AC|Line 13 (CPTM)|#8FFF1F|black}} | 13AE | 13ae | ae =[[File:Spairportexpress.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 13 (São Paulo Metro)}}}]] | 14 ={{RouteBox|14|Line 14 (CPTM)|#0A1013}} | emtu | EMTU =[[File:Spemtusymbol.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo}}}]] }} | sapporo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:ST Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Sapporo Municipal Subway}}}]] | n | namboku =[[File:Subway SapporoNamboku.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Namboku Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Namboku Line}}}]] | t | tozai |tōzai =[[File:Subway SapporoTozai.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōzai Line (Sapporo)}}}|alt={{{link|Tōzai Line}}}]] | h | toho | tōhō =[[File:Subway SapporoToho.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Tōhō Line}}}]] }} | seattle ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | link =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Link light rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Link light rail}}}}}}]] | line 1 =[[File:Line 1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 (Sound Transit)]] | line 2 =[[File:Line 2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 (Sound Transit)]] | line 3 =[[File:Line 3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 (Sound Transit)]] | line 4 =[[File:Line 4 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 (Sound Transit)]] | line t =[[File:Line T (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line T (Sound Transit)]] | sounder =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sounder commuter rail}}}}}}]] | line n =[[File:Line N (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line N (Sound Transit)]] | line s =[[File:Line S (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line S (Sound Transit)]] | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h =[[File:{{{2}}} Line Logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|RapidRide {{{2}}} Line}}}]] | stride =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stride (bus rapid transit)}}}}}}]] | stride s1 =[[File:Line S1 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S1]] | stride s2 =[[File:Line S2 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S2]] | stride s3 =[[File:Line S3 (Sound Transit) icon.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stride Line S3]] | stex =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sounder Transit Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit Express}}}}}}]] | soundtransit =[[File:Sound Transit logo simplified.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Sound Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sound Transit}}}}}}]] }} | seoul ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | arx =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Arex.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=AREX]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} | chun =[[File:Gyeongchun Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongchun Line}}}}}}]] | ever =[[File:Seoul Metro Line EverLine Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Everline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Everline}}}}}}]] | gimpo =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Gimpo Goldline Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gimpo Goldline}}}}}}]] | gyeongjung | gye | jun =[[File:Gyeongui-Jungang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeongui–Jungang Line}}}}}}]] | gg|gyeonggang | yeoju =[[File:Gyeonggang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Gyeonggang Line}}}}}}]] | maglev | im ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}|#{{rail color|Incheon Transit Corporation|Incheon Airport Maglev}}}} | seo | seohae =[[File:Seohae Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seohae Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seohae Line}}}}}}]] | sil | sillim =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Sillim Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sillim Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sillim Line}}}}}}]] | sin =[[File:Shinbundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shinbundang Line}}}}}}]] | su | bun | suin-bundang = [[File:Suin-Bundang Line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suin–Bundang Line}}}}}}]] | subway =[[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Seoul Metropolitan Subway}}}}}}]] | ui =[[File:Seoul Metro Line Ui LRT Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Ui LRT}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ui LRT}}}}}}]] | uij =[[File:Seoul Metro Line U Line Bilingual.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|U Line}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U Line}}}}}}]] | [[File:Seoul Metro Line {{{2}}}.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Seoul Subway Line {{{2}}}]]{{#switch: {{lc: {{{3|}}} }} | l | local =&nbsp;Local | e | x | express =&nbsp;Express }} }} | septa =[[File:SEPTA.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|SEPTA}}}]] | sevilla | seville ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Símbolo del Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línea 1 Metro de Sevilla.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Seville Metro line 1}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-1 =[[File:C-1 light blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-2 =[[File:C-2 green.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-3 =[[File:C-3 dark pink.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-4 =[[File:C-4 dark blue.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] | c-5 =[[File:C-5 yellow.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Sevilla}}}]] }} | shanghai ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | j | jm | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shanghai Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shanghai Metro}}}}}}]] | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 20 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | 10b ={{RouteBox|10&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 10 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|10}}|#000}} | 11b ={{RouteBox|11&nbsp;branch|{{{link|Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)#Branch line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|11}}}} | c | cm | chongming ={{RouteBox|Chongming|{{{link|Chongming line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Chongming}}}} | j | js | jinshan ={{RouteBox|Jinshan|{{{link|Jinshan railway}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Jinshan}}}} | m | ml | maglev ={{RouteBox|Maglev|{{{link|Shanghai maglev train}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Maglev}}}} | p | pj | pujiang ={{RouteBox|Pujiang|{{{link|Pujiang line}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|Pujiang}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{link|Line {{{2}}} (Shanghai Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shanghai Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shaoxing ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | metro=<!--[[File:Shaoxing Rail Transit Logo No Text.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shaoxing Rail Transit}}}}}}]]--> | 1 = {{RouteBox|1|Line 1 (Shaoxing Metro)|#c5003e}} | 2 = {{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shaoxing Metro)|#036eb8}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shaoxing Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Shaoxing Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shenyang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} | 2 ={{RouteBox|2|Line 2 (Shenyang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenyang Metro|2}}|#000}} }} }} | sheffield =[[File:Supertram generic logo.PNG|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sheffield Supertram}}}}}}]] | shenzhen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | lb | luobao ={{RouteBox|Luobao|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | sk | shekou ={{RouteBox|Shekou|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lg | longgang ={{RouteBox|Longgang|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | lh | longhua ={{RouteBox|Longhua|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | hz | huanzhong ={{RouteBox|Huanzhong|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shenzhen Metro)|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shenzhen Metro Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shenzhen Metro}}}}}}]] | lb | luobao = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|1|link={{{link|}}}}} | sk | shekou = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|2|link={{{link|}}}}} | lg | longgang = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|3|link={{{link|}}}}} | lh | longhua = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|4|link={{{link|}}}}} | hz | huanzhong = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|5|link={{{link|}}}}} | 1lb ={{RouteBox|1 (Luobao)|{{{link|Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|1}}}} | 2sk ={{RouteBox|2 (Shekou)|{{{link|Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|2}}}} | 3lg ={{RouteBox|3 (Longgang)|{{{link|Line 3 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|3}}}} | 4lh ={{RouteBox|4 (Longhua)|{{{link|Line 4 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|4}}}} | 5hz ={{RouteBox|5 (Huanzhong)|{{{link|Line 5 (Shenzhen Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Shenzhen Metro|5}}}} | #default = {{ric|Shenzhen Metro|{{{2}}}|link={{{link|}}}}} }} }} | shijiazhuang ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shijiazhuang Metro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shijiazhuang Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Shijiazhuang Metro)|#{{rail color|Shijiazhuang Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | shiraz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Shiraz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Shiraz Metro}}}]] }} | shoreline =[[File:Hartford Line logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Shore Line East}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Shore Line East}}}}}}]] | smart =[[File:Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | stockholm ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | commuter =[[File:Stockholm commuter rail symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm commuter rail}}}]] | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 48 | j40 | j41 | j42 | j43 | j44 | j48 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Stockholm commuter rail|#27417A}} | metro =[[File:Stockholm metro symbol.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Stockholm metro}}}]] | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 19 | t10 | t11 | t13 | t14 | t17 | t18 | t19 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}} (Stockholm metro)|#{{rail color|Stockholm metro|{{#invoke:ustring|sub|\{{{2}}}|-2|-1}}}}}} | tvärbanan | tvarbanan | 22 ={{RouteBox|22|Tvärbanan|SaddleBrown}} }} | stuttgart ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart S-Bahn|S-Bahn|alt=S-Bahn]] | u | stadtbahn = [[File:Stadtbahn-Logo Stuttgart.png|{{{size|15}}}px|link=Stuttgart Stadtbahn|alt={{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}]] | sb|seilbahn = [[File:Seilbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Standseilbahn Stuttgart|alt=Seilbahn]] | vvs = [[File:VVS-Logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart|alt=VVS]] | bus = [[File:Bus-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen#Bus system|alt=Bus]] | z|zacke = [[File:Zahnradbahn-Logo VVS.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link=Stuttgart Rack Railway|alt=Zacke]] }} | sunrail =[[File:SunRail logo.png|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|SunRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|SunRail}}}}}}]] | suzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rt | srt | metro =[[File:Suzhou Rail Transit logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Suzhou Rail Transit}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Suzhou Rail Transit)|#{{rail color|Suzhou Rail Transit|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | sydney | nsw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:TfNSW B.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Sydney}}}]] | tway | t =[[File:Sydney T-Way logo (simplified).svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|T-way}}}]] | monorail | mono =[[File:Sydney metro logo.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Monorail}}}]] | train =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Sydney}}}]] | t1 | north | shore | western =[[North Shore & Western Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t2 | inner | leppington =[[Inner West & Leppington Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t3 | bankstown =[[Bankstown Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T3}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t4 | eastern | illawarra =[[Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T4}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t5 | cumberland =[[Cumberland Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T5}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t6 | carlingford =[[Carlingford Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|Carlingford}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t7 | olympic =[[Olympic Park Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T7}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t8 | airport | south = [[Airport & South Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T8}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | t9 | northern = [[Northern Line (Sydney)|<span style = "color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|T9}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | south west =[[South West Rail Link|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Trains|South West}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | metro =[[File:TfNSW M.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sydney Metro}}}]] | nswtrainlink | regional train | countrylink | cl = [[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink}}}]] | blue =[[Blue Mountains Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|BMT}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | hunter =[[Hunter Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|HUN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | central coast | newcastle =[[Central Coast & Newcastle Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|CCN}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coast =[[South Coast Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SCO}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | highlands =[[Southern Highlands Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|NSW TrainLink|SHL}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | light rail =[[File:TfNSW L.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Light rail in Sydney}}}]] | l1 | dulwich hill | lightrail | light =[[Dulwich Hill Line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L1}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | l2 | cbd | southeast =[[CBD and South East Light Rail|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Sydney Light Rail|L2}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | coach = [[File:TfNSW C.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Coach services}}}]] }} | tabriz ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tabriz Metro Logo.png|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link| Tabriz Metro}}}]] }} | tainan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | t ={{RouteBox|T|{{{link|TRA Line (Tainan)}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | s ={{RouteBox|Shalun|{{{link|Shalun Line}}}|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|t}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Tainan Metro)|#{{rail color|Tainan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taichung = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | g = [[File:Taichung Metro Green Line icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] | b = {{RouteBox|B|{{{link|Blue Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|b}}}} | o = {{RouteBox|O|{{{link|Orange Line (Taichung Metro)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|o}}|#000}} | r = {{RouteBox|R|{{{link|Red Line (Taichung)}}}|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|r}}}} | #default = {{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|{{{2}}} Line (Taichung Metro)|#{{rail color|Taichung Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} | taipei = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |br|BR=[[File:Taipei Metro Line BR.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bûn-ô͘-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |r|R=[[File:Taipei Metro Line R.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |g|G=[[File:Taipei Metro Line G.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |o|O=[[File:Taipei Metro Line O.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |bl|BR=[[File:Taipei Metro Line BL.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Pang-lâm-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |y|Y=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Y icon.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn)}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |lg|LG=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Wanda Zhonghe Shulin.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bān-tāi Tiong-hô Chhiū-nâ Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |Rb|xinbeitou=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Xinbeitou Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sin-pak-tâu Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |Gb|xiaobitan=[[File:Taipei Metro Line Xiaobitan Branch.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Sió-phek-thâm Chi-sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |gondola=[[File:Maokong Gondola Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bâ-khang Lám-chhia}}}|{{{3|}}}]] |sb|SB=[[File:Taipei Metro Line SB.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Bîn-seng Se̍k-chí Sòaⁿ}}}|{{{3|}}}]] }} | taoyuan = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} |A|a|airport=[[File:Taoyuan Metro Line Airport.svg|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Ki-tiûⁿ Chia̍t-ūn}}}]] |G|g=[[File:TaoyuanMetroLineG.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ}}}]] |BR|br=[[File:TaoyuanMetroLineBR_01.png|{{{size|19}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Chang-sòaⁿ}}}]] }} | tbilisi = {{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro = [[File:Metro Tbilisi logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tbilisi Metro}}}}}}]] }} | tehran ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tehran Metro Logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro}}}}}}]] | uc =[[File:Zeichen 123.svg|15px]] | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 =[[File:Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}.png|x15px|link={{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tehran Metro Line {{{2}}}}}}}}}]] }} | texas ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | a-train | atrain =[[File:DCTA A-train icon.png|20px|link={{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|A-train (Texas)}}}}}}]] | tre =[[File:TRE logo.png|x14px|link={{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Trinity Railway Express}}}}}}]] | texrail | tex =[[File:Trinity Metro TEX only.svg|20px|link={{{link|TEXRail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|TEXRail}}}}}}]] }} | thessaloniki | thessalonika ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 1 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro Line 2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)}}}}}}]] | r =[[File:OSE-Logo.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Hellenic Railways Organisation}}}}}}]] | p =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro parking.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Park and ride}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Park and ride}}}}}}]] | pr =[[File:Proastiakos icon (no text).svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}}}}]] | Π1 | ∏1 | π1 | p1 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π1.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π1}}}}}}]] | Π2 | ∏2 | π2 | p2 =[[File:Proastiakos Thessaloniki Π2.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π2}}}}}}]] | Π3 | ∏3 | π3 | p3 ={{#if:{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|[[{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki}}}|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>]]|<span style="background-color:#{{rcr|Proastiakos Thessaloniki|3}};color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:{{#expr:{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{size|x15}}}|^[^%d]*(%d*)[^%d]*$|%1|plain=false}}/17*100 round 0}}%;padding-left:2px;padding-right:2px;" title="{{{alt|{{{link|Proastiakos Thessaloniki Line Π3}}}}}}">Π3</span>}} | a =[[File:Thessaloniki Metro airport.svg|{{{size|x15}}}px|link={{{link|Thessaloniki Airport "Makedonia"}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Macedonia Airport}}}}}}]] }} | tianjin ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Huaimi|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:TianjinMetro.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Tianjin Metro Group Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | bmt =[[File:Binhai Mass Transit Development Corporation logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Tianjin Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tianjin Metro (Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd.)}}}}}}]] | 2 | 13 | b2 ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}|#000}} | t | teda ={{RouteBox|TEDA|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|t}}}} | s9 | jj | jinji ={{RouteBox|Jinji|{{{link|Tianjin–Jizhou railway}}}|#{{rail color|CRH|Tianjin–Jizhou}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Tianjin Metro)|#{{rail color|Tianjin Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | tokyo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Tokyo Metro logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metro}}}]] | c | chiyoda =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line}}}|{{TSLS|C|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | f | fukutoshin | 13 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line}}}|{{TSLS|F|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | g | ginza | 3 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Ginza Line}}}|{{TSLS|G|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | h | hibiya =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line}}}|{{TSLS|H|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | m | marunouchi | 4 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|M|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | mn | mb | nakano | 4n | 4b =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line}}}|{{TSLS|Mb|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | n | namboku | 7 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Namboku Line}}}|{{TSLS|N|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | t | tozai | tōzai | 5 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line}}}|{{TSLS|T|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | y | yurakucho | yūrakuchō | 8 =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line}}}|{{TSLS|Y|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | z | hanzomon | hanzōmon =[[{{{link|Tokyo Metro Hanzōmon Line}}}|{{TSLS|Z|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toei =[[File:PrefSymbol-Tokyo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation}}}]] | a | asakusa | 1 =[[{{{link|Toei Asakusa Line}}}|{{TSLS|A|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | e | oedo | ōedo =[[{{{link|Toei Ōedo Line}}}|{{TSLS|E|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | i | mita =[[{{{link|Toei Mita Line}}}|{{TSLS|I|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | s | shinjuku =[[{{{link|Toei Shinjuku Line}}}|{{TSLS|S|size={{{size|13}}}}}]] | toden ={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}|arakawa|[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Toden Arakawa Line}}}]]|[[File:BSicon exTRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Tokyo Toden}}}]]}} | ks | keisei =[[File:Number prefix Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Electric Railway}}}]] | sa | skyaccess =[[File:Number prefix SkyAccess.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keisei Narita Airport Line}}}]] | sl | shin-keisei =[[File:Number prefix Shin-Keisei.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shin-Keisei Line}}}]] | hs | hokuso =[[File:Number prefix Hokusō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Hokusō Line}}}]] | sr | shibayama =[[File:Number prefix Shibayama.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Shibayama Railway}}}]] | kk | keikyu =[[File:Number prefix Keikyū.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keikyu}}}]] | tr | toyo =[[File:Number prefix Tōyō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Tōyō Rapid Railway Line}}}]] | ko | keio =[[File:Number prefix Keiō.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Corporation}}}]] | in | inokashira =[[File:Number prefix Inokashira.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Keio Inokashira Line}}}]] | en | enoden =[[File:Number prefix Enoden.PNG|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Enoshima Electric Railway Line}}}]] }} | toronto ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail ={{#if:{{{4|}}}||[[File:GO Transit logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=GO Transit]]}} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | a | lakeshore west =[[File:Lakeshore West logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore West line]] | b | lakeshore east =[[File:Lakeshore East line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Lakeshore East line]] | c | milton =[[File:Milton line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Milton line]] | d | kitchener =[[File:Kitchener line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Kitchener line]] | e | barrie =[[File:Barrie line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Barrie line]] | f | richmond hill =[[File:Richmond Hill line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Richmond Hill line]] | g | stouffville =[[File:Stouffville line GO logo.png|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Stouffville line]] }} | subway ={{#switch: {{lc:{{{3|}}}}} | 3 =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | 5 | 6 | dm | fw | j | se | sm | ww =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] | #default =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto subway]] }} {{#switch: {{lc:{{{3}}}}} | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6 | fw =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | ww | w =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] }} | yonge | university | spadina | 1 =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | bloor | danforth | 2 =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | scarborough | 3 =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | sheppard | 4 =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | eglinton | crosstown | eglinton crosstown | 5 =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | finch | finch west | fw | 6 =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] | sheppard east | se =[[File:TTC - SE.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Sheppard East LRT]] | jane | j =[[File:TTC - J.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Jane LRT]] | relief line | rl | drl =[[File:TTC - RL.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Relief Line (Toronto)]] | waterfront |waterfront west | w | ww =[[File:TTC - WW.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Waterfront West LRT]] | don mills | dm =[[File:TTC - DM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Don Mills LRT]] | malvern | sm =[[File:TTC - SM.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Scarborough Malvern LRT]] | icts =[[File:BSicon ICTS.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Line 3 Scarborough}}}]] | streetcar =[[File:BSicon CLRV.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link=Toronto streetcar system]] {{#switch: {{{3}}} | 501 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[501 Queen|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">501</span>|501}}]]}} | 502 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[502 Downtowner|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">502</span>|502}}]]}} | 503 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[503 Kingston Rd|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">503</span>|503}}]]}} | 504 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[504 King|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">504</span>|504}}]]}} | 505 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[505 Dundas|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">505</span>|505}}]]}} | 506 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[506 Carlton|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">506</span>|506}}]]}} | 508 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[508 Lake Shore|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">508</span>|508}}]]}} | 509 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[509 Harbourfront|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">509</span>|509}}]]}} | 510 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[510 Spadina|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">510</span>|510}}]]}} | 511 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[511 Bathurst|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">511</span>|511}}]]}} | 512 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[512 St. Clair|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">512</span>|512}}]]}} | 514 ={{color box|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|black}}|[[514 Cherry|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span style{{=}}"font-weight:bold;color:#fff;">514</span>|514}}]]}} }} | bus ={{{icon|[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link=List of Toronto Transit Commission bus routes]]}}} {{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{color box|black|'''{{{3|}}}'''|white}}|{{color box|white|{{{3|}}}}} }} }} | up | upx | up express =[[File:UP Express logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Union Pearson Express}}}]] | metrolinx =[[File:Metrolinx 2017 logo.svg|{{{size|22}}}px|link={{{link|Metrolinx}}}]] <!-- Since Infobox station forces the use of this in the header without a size option, a larger icon is needed to match the text height --> | 1big =[[File:TTC - Line 1 - Yonge-University-Spadina line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 1 Yonge–University]] | 2big =[[File:TTC - Line 2 - Bloor-Danforth line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 2 Bloor–Danforth]] | 3big =[[File:TTC - Line 3 - Scarborough RT line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 3 Scarborough]] | 4big =[[File:TTC - Line 4 - Sheppard line.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 4 Sheppard]] | 5big =[[File:TTC - Line 5.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 5 Eglinton]] | 6big =[[File:TTC - Line 6.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link=Line 6 Finch West]] }} | trirail =[[File:Tri-Rail.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Tri-Rail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tri-Rail}}}}}}]] | uta ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s | 720 =[[File:UTA_S-Line_logo.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|S Line (Utah Transit Authority)}}}]] | trax =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|TRAX (light rail)}}}]] | frontrunner =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|FrontRunner}}}]] | blue | 701 ={{RouteBox|701|Blue Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Blue Line}}}} | red | 703 ={{RouteBox|703|Red Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Red Line}}}} | green | 704 ={{RouteBox|704|Green Line (TRAX)|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|Green Line}}}} | purple | 750 ={{RouteBox|750|FrontRunner|#{{rail color|Utah Transit Authority|FrontRunner}}}} | #default =[[File:UTA_icon.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Utah Transit Authority}}}]] }} | valencia ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Isotip de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Línia 1 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 1 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 2 =[[File:Línia 2 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Line 2 (Metrovalencia)}}}]] | 3 =[[File:Línia 3 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 4 =[[File:Línia 4 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 5 =[[File:Línia 5 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 6 =[[File:Línia 6 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 7 =[[File:Línia 7 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 8 =[[File:Línia 8 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] | 9 =[[File:Línia 9 de Metrovalència.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Metrovalencia}}}]] }} | vancouver ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | bl =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Coast Mountain Bus Company#B-Line]] | 95 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=95 B-Line]] | 96 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=96 B-Line]] | 97 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=97 B-Line]] | 99 =[[File:Translinkbus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=99 B-Line]] }} | [[File:Translinkbuses.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=List of bus routes in Metro Vancouver]] }} | rapidbus ={{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | r1 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R1 King George Blvd]] | r2 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R2 Marine Dr]] | r3 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R3 Lougheed Hwy]] | r4 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R4 41st Ave]] | r5 =[[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=R5 Hastings St]] }} | [[File:Translinkbusrapid.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=RapidBus (TransLink)]] }} | canada =[[File:Translinkcanada.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Canada Line]] | evergreen =[[File:Translinkevergreen.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Evergreen Extension]] | expo =[[File:Translinkexpo.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Expo Line (SkyTrain)]] | millennium =[[File:Translinkmillennium.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=Millennium Line]] | seabus =[[File:Translinkseabus.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=SeaBus]] | translink={{#if:{{{3|}}}||[[File:Translinkwaypoint.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=TransLink (British Columbia)]]}} | wce =[[File:Translinkwce.svg|{{{size|x20}}}px|link=West Coast Express]] }} | victoria | melbourne ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train ={{error|Specify region – replace "train" with "met train" or "reg train"}} | metropolitan | metropolitan train | metro | met | met train =[[File:Melbourne train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan train}}}}}}]] | regional | regional train | vline | v/line | reg | reg train =[[File:Victoria train logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Railways in Victoria}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional train}}}}}}]] | alamein | belgrave | craigieburn | cranbourne | frankston | hurstbridge | lilydale | mernda | pakenham | sandringham | sunbury | upfield | werribee | williamstown =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | albury | ararat | bairnsdale | ballarat | bendigo | echuca | geelong | maryborough | seymour | shepparton | traralgon | warrnambool =[[{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}} V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|{{ucfirst:{{lc:{{{2}}}}}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | epsom | eaglehawk =[[Bendigo V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Bendigo}};font-size:125%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | flemington racecourse | flemington =[[Flemington Racecourse railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Flemington Racecourse}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | glen waverley =[[Glen Waverley railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Glen Waverley}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | south morang =[[South Morang railway line|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Melbourne|Mernda}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | swan hill =[[Swan Hill V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Swan Hill}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | waurn ponds =[[Geelong V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Geelong}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | wendouree =[[Ballarat V/Line rail service|<span style="color:#{{rail color|V/Line|Ballarat}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | tram =[[File:Melbourne tram logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Trams in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan tram}}}}}}]] | 1 | 3 | 3a | 5 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 30 | 35 | 48 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 64 | 67 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 78 | 82 | 86 | 96 | 109 =[[Melbourne tram route {{lc:{{{2}}}}}|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|{{{2}}}}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | cc | city circle =[[City Circle tram|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Yarra Trams|35}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">■</span>]] | bus ={{error|Specify region – replace "bus" with "met bus" or "reg bus"}} | metropolitan bus | met bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Buses in Melbourne}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Metropolitan bus}}}}}}]] | regional bus | reg bus =[[File:Victoria bus logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional bus}}}}}}]] | coach =[[File:Victoria coach logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Regional coach}}}}}}]] | adelaide | the overland | overland | gsr | great southern rail =[[The Overland|<span style="color:#{{rail color|Journey Beyond|The Overland}};font-size:120%;line-height:100%">●</span>]] | sydney | xpt | melbourne xpt | trainlink | nsw trainlink =[[File:TfNSW T.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|NSW TrainLink#Southern}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|NSW TrainLink Southern}}}}}}]] | #default ={{error|Unknown value for second argument}} }} | vienna ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | train =[[File:Train Austria.svg|16px|link=Transportation in Vienna#Railways]] | s-bahn | s =[[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s-main =[[File:Stammstrecke Wien.png|16px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s1 =[[File:S1 Wien.svg|32px|link=S1 (Vienna)]] | s2 =[[File:S2 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s3 =[[File:S3 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s4 =[[File:S4 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s7 =[[File:S7 Wien.svg|32px|link=S7 (Vienna)]] | s40 =[[File:S40 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s45 | vorortelinie =[[File:S45 Wien.svg|32px|link=S45 (Vienna)]] | s50 =[[File:S50 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s60 =[[File:S60 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | s80 =[[File:S80 Wien.svg|32px|link=Vienna S-Bahn]] | u-bahn | u =[[File:U-Bahn Wien.svg|16px|link=Vienna U-Bahn]] | u1 =[[File:Wien U1.svg|16px|link=U1 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u2 =[[File:Wien U2.svg|16px|link=U2 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u3 =[[File:Wien U3.svg|16px|link=U3 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u4 =[[File:Wien U4.svg|16px|link=U4 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u5 =[[File:Wien U5.svg|16px|link=U5 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | u6 =[[File:Wien U6.svg|16px|link=U6 (Vienna U-Bahn)]] | cat =[[City Airport Train|{{Bahnlinie|RB||CAT|white|#B1D355}}]] | wlb | lokalbahn =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahn]] | tram ={{#if:{{{3|}}}|[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|}}}|white|black}}]]|[[File:Tram-Logo.svg|16px|link=Trams in Vienna]]}} | bus =[[Buses in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{3|Bus}}}|black|white|black}}]] | r =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||R|black|white|black}}]] | rex =[[Transportation in Vienna#Railways|{{Bahnlinie|RB||REX|black|white|black}}]] | wiener lokalbahnen =[[File:Logo Wiener Lokalbahn.svg|16px|link=Wiener Lokalbahnen]] <!-- depreceated, use tram|line instead --> | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 25 | 26 | 30 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 49 | 52 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 71 | d | e | o =[[Trams in Vienna|{{Bahnlinie|U||{{{2}}}|white|black}}]] | vor | #default =[[File:Logo VOR.svg|32px|link=Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region]] }} | virgin =[[File:Virgin-logo.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virgin Trains USA}}}}}}]] | vorarlberg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | s1 | s3 | s4 = [[File:{{uc: {{{2}}}}} Vorarlberg.png|{{{size|32}}}px|link={{{link|Vorarlberg S-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{uc: {{{2}}}}}}}}]] | s-bahn | s = [[File:S-Bahn Austria.svg|16px|link=Vorarlberg S-Bahn]] }} | vre =[[File:Virginia Railway Express.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Virginia Railway Express}}}}}}]] | warsaw ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:PKP.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Polish State Railways}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Polish State Railways}}}}}}]] | metro =[[File:Warsaw Metro logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}}}}]] | m1 =[[File:M1-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M1}}}]] | m2 =[[File:M2-20px.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Warsaw Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|Line M2}}}]] | skm =[[File:PL-SKMWA logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warszawa)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Szybka Kolej Miejska}}}}}}]] }} | washington ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:WMATA Metro Logo small.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Washington Metro}}}]] | blue | bl | b =[[File:WMATA Blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | green | gr | g =[[File:WMATA Green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | orange | or | o =[[File:WMATA Orange{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Orange Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | purple | pu | p =[[Purple Line (Maryland)|{{colorbox|purple}}]] | red | rd | r =[[File:WMATA Red.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Red Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | silver | sv | s =[[File:WMATA Silver.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Silver Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | yellow | yl | y =[[File:WMATA Yellow{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&nbsp;rush}}.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Yellow Line (Washington Metro)}}}]] | streetcar = [[File:BSicon TRAM1.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|DC Streetcar}}}]] }} | waterloo ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | bus =[[File:BSicon BUS1.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Grand River Transit}}}]] | ion =[[File:Waterloo ION logo.svg|{{{size|25}}}px|link={{{link|Ion rapid transit}}}]] }} | wuhan ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | 21 | yl | yangluo ={{RouteBox|Yangluo|Yangluo line|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|yl}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuhan Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuhan Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | wuxi ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Wuxi Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Wuxi Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Wuxi Metro)|#{{rail color|Wuxi Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xi'an ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Xian Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xi'an Metro}}}}}}]] | 4 ={{RouteBox|4|Line 4 (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|4}}|#000}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xi'an Metro)|#{{rail color|Xi'an Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xiamen ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Amoy Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xiamen Metro}}}}}}]] | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Ē-mn̂g Kúi-tō Kau-thong {{{2}}} hō soàⁿ|#{{rail color|Xiamen Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | xuzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =<!--[[File:Xuzhou Metro 2019.png|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Xuzhou Metro}}}}}}]] nonfree image --> | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Xuzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Xuzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} | yokohama ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | subway =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Logo.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Yokohama Municipal Subway}}}]] | blue =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Blue Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Blue Line (Yokohama)}}}]] | green =[[File:Yokohama Municipal Subway Green Line symbol.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|Green Line (Yokohama)}}}]] }} | york ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | yrt =[[File:York Region Transit logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|York Region Transit}}}]] | viva =[[File:Viva blue logo.svg|{{{size|38}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Rapid Transit}}}]] | blue =[[File:Viva blue.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Blue}}}]] | green =[[File:Viva green.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Green}}}]] | orange =[[File:Viva orange.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Orange}}}]] | pink =[[File:Viva pink.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Pink}}}]] | purple =[[File:Viva purple.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Purple}}}]] | yellow =[[File:Viva yellow.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Viva Yellow}}}]] }} | zaragoza ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | tram =[[File:BSicon TRAM.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Zaragoza tram}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías Zaragoza}}}]] | tuzsa =[[File:Aiga bus on red circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Transportes Urbanos de Zaragoza}}}]] | ctaz =[[File:Aiga bus on green circle.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Consorcio de Transportes del Área de Zaragoza}}}]] }} | zhengzhou ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{3}}} }} | na ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|na}}}} }} | #default ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | metro =[[File:Zhengzhou Metro logo.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Zhengzhou Metro}}}}}}]] | c | cj | suburban | chengjiao ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj}}}} | c1 | suburban1 | chengjiao1 ={{RouteBox|Chengjiao|Chengjiao line|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|cj1}}}} | #default ={{RouteBox|{{{2}}}|Line {{{2}}} (Zhengzhou Metro)|#{{rail color|Zhengzhou Metro|{{{2}}}}}}} }} }} <!-- GENERIC --> | air ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | base =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | field =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon FLUG.svg|{{{size|13}}}px|link={{{link|List of airports}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airport interchange}}}}}}]] }} | airbase =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{2|}}}|ex|}}FIGHTER.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Military air base}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Airbase}}}}}}]] | airfield =[[File:Airplane GA Black.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Aerodrome}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Private airfield}}}}}}]] | bike | bicycle =[[File:BSicon BICYCLE.svg|{{{size|17}}}px|link={{{link|Bicycle}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bicycle facilities}}}}}}]] | bus ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rapid | brt =[[File:BSicon BUS3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Bus rapid transit}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus | tb =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | 1 =[[File:Bus-logo.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] | #default =[[File:BSicon BUS2.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|Bus}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Bus interchange}}}}}}]] }} | cable =[[File:BSicon AETRAM.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Aerial lift}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Cable car}}}}}}]] | express =[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Express train}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Express train}}}}}}]] | ferry =[[File:Ferry symbol.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Ferry}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|ferry/water interchange}}}}}}]] | funicular | incline =[[File:BSicon FUNI.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Funicular}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Funicular}}}}}}]] | heliport =[[File:Aiga heliport.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Heliport}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heliport}}}}}}]] | heritage ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon {{#if:{{{3|}}}|ex|}}lDAMPF.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage railway}}}}}}]] | tram =[[File:BSicon BRILL.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Heritage streetcar}}}}}}]] }} | metro | subway | underground =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Rapid transit}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | mono | monorail =[[File:BSicon_MONO.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|Monorail}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Monorail}}}}}}]] | park | parking =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Centro other car parking large.svg|BSicon PARKING.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|15|16}}}}}px|link={{{link|Parking}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Parking}}}}}}]] | rail =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|BSicon BAHN.svg|Aiga railtransportation 25.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|10}}}}}px|link={{{link|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Mainline rail interchange}}}}}}]] | tram | light rail =[[File:BSicon TRAM{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1||1}}.svg|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|14|18}}}}}px|link={{{link|{{{1}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} interchange}}}}}}]] | trolley | trolleybus =[[File:BSicon OBUS.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Trolleybus}}}|{{{alt|{{{link|Trolleybus}}}}}}]] | wheelchair =[[File:{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|Handicapped Accessible sign.svg|Wheelchair symbol.svg}}|{{{size|{{#ifeq:{{{2|}}}|1|16|13}}}}}px|link={{{link|Accessibility#Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Handicapped/disabled access}}}}}}]] <!-- COUNTRIES --> | at ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | öbb | obb =[[File:Logo ÖBB.svg|32px|link=Österreichische Bundesbahnen]] | westbahn =[[File:Westbahn-logo-pantone.svg|32px|link=WESTbahn]] }} | be ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SNCB logo.svg|{{{size|15}}}px|link={{{link|National Railway Company of Belgium}}}]] }} | bg ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:National Railways.jpg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Bulgarian State Railways}}}]] }} | by ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Belarus-RW-Logo-notext.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Belarusian Railway}}}}}}]] }} | ca ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | cn =[[File:CN Railway logo.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian National Railway}}}]] | cp =[[File:Canadian_Pacific_Railway_logo_2014.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Canadian Pacific Railway}}}]] | rail | via =[[File:VIA Rail Canada simplified.svg|{{{size|24}}}px|link={{{link|Via Rail}}}]] }} | ch ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:SBB logo simplified.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Swiss Federal Railways}}}]] }} | cn ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:China Railways.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway}}}}}}]] | crh =<!-- [[File:ChinaRailwayHighspeed-notext.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|China Railway High-speed}}}}}}]] --> | metro =[[File:BSicon SUBWAY-CHN.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] | prdir =[[File:PRDIR logo without text.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|PRDIR}}}}}}]] | mono =[[File:BSicon CHN-Mono.svg|{{{size|x16}}}px|link={{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Urban rail transit in China}}}}}}]] }} | de ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Logo_Deutsche_Bahn.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Deutsche Bahn}}}}}}]] | s-bahn =[[File:S-Bahn-Logo.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|S-Bahn#Germany}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|S-Bahn}}}}}}]] | u-bahn =[[File:U-Bahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|U-Bahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|U-Bahn}}}}}}]] | stadtbahn =[[File:Stadtbahn.svg|{{{size|10}}}px|link={{{link|Stadtbahn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Stadtbahn}}}}}}]] }} | es ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:Lgotipo de Renfe Operadora.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Renfe Operadora}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Renfe}}}}}}]] | cercanias =[[File:Cercanias Logo.svg|{{{size|12}}}px|link={{{link|Cercanías}}}]] | feve =[[File:Símbolo Renfe 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klp =[[File:MadridMetro-LargoRecorrido.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | klr =[[File:MadridMetro-BusUrbano.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] }} | 1 | ktmk1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|1}} | 2 | ktmk2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|2}} | 3 | rkl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|3}} | 4 | rkl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|4}} | 5 | rkl3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|5}} | 8 | rkl4 ={{rail icon|KLRT|8}} | 6 | erl1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|6}} | 7 | erl2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|7}} | 9 | mrt1 ={{rail icon|KLRT|9}} | 10 | ktmk3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|10}} | 11 | lrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|11}} | 12 | mrt2 ={{rail icon|KLRT|12}} | 13 | mrt3 ={{rail icon|KLRT|13}} | 14 | pm ={{rail icon|KLRT|14}} | 21 ={{rail icon|KLRT|21}} | 22 ={{rail icon|KLRT|22}} | n1 | padang besar | pbl ={{RouteBox|1|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|#1964b7|white|bold=}} | n2 | padang rengas | prl ={{RouteBox|2|KTM Komuter Northern Sector|green|white|bold=}} | blue | goklb =[[File:MadridMetro-EMT.svg|{{{size|14}}}px|link={{{link|Go KL City Bus}}}]] | green | goklg 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Thih-lō͘}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘}}}}}}]] |thsr= [[File:Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail_symbol.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-oân Ko-thih}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|link|Tâi-oân Ko-thih}}}}}}]] |cbrt=[[File:Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit Logo(Logo Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Ka-gī Kong-chhia Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ka-gī Kong-chhia Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tcm=[[File:Taichung Mass Rapid Transit.jpg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |ksm=[[File:Kaohsiung Metro Logo(Logo_Only).svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tpm=[[File:Taipei Metro Logo.png|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |ntm=[[File:新北捷運識別標誌.png|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] |tym=[[File:Taoyuan Metro logo.svg|{{{size|18x18}}}px|link={{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn}}}}}}]] }} <!-- United Arab Emirates --> | ae ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | er ={{RouteBox|ER|Etihad Rail|#748477}} }} | us ={{#switch: {{lc: {{{2}}} }} | rail =[[File:BSicon TRAIN3.svg|{{{size|16}}}px|link={{{link|Rail transportation in the United States#Passenger railroads}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|US Passenger rail transport}}}}}}]] | amtrak =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | amtrakbus =[[File:BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg|{{{size|20}}}px|link={{{link|Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Amtrak}}}}}}]] | csx | csxt =[[File:CSX transp logo.svg|{{{size|x14}}}px|link={{{link|CSX Transportation}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|CSX Transportation}}}}}}]] | greyhound =[[File:Greyhound no dog.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Greyhound Lines}}}}}}]] | megabus =[[File:MegabusIcon.svg|{{{size|18}}}px|link={{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{link|Megabus (North America)}}}}}}]] }} <!-- DEFAULT --> | #default ='''Add→{{tl|rail-interchange}}''' }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 67rop7dqyerqp9drbriwrdycnkl6pe9 Djermouk 0 495894 3133071 3111723 2022-08-08T18:55:48Z CommonsDelinker 283 Removing [[:c:File:Coat_of_arms_of_Jermuk.svg|Coat_of_arms_of_Jermuk.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]; can usually be uploaded to your local Wikipedia as fair use if an articl wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Armenia municipality | name = Djermouk | native_name = {{lang|hy|Ջերմուկ}} | image = Djermuk.JPG | image_caption = Djermouk ê kéng-sek | image_map = | map_caption = | image_flag = | image_shield = | latd = 39.841671 | latm = | lats = | longd = 45.672159 | longm = | longs = | province = [[Vayots Dzor Séng|Vayots Dzor]] | seat = | area = 55.14 | pop = 6267 | den = | ele = 2070 }} '''Djermouk''' ([[Armenia Gú]]: {{lang|hy|Ջերմուկ}}) sī [[Armenia]] [[Vayots Dzor Séng|Vayots Dzor]] séng ê chi̍t ê tē-hng chng-thâu. == Liân-kiat == * [http://jermukcity.am Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Vayots Dzor Séng ê chng-thâu]] {{Armenia-geo-stub}} ao3qxagqyc3dapxvtyd3k0i4mlw4v2c Gyumri 0 496000 3133073 3127391 2022-08-08T19:10:44Z CommonsDelinker 283 Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_Gyumri.svg|Flag_of_Gyumri.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]; can usually be uploaded to your local Wikipedia as fair use if an article exists ([[:c:C wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Armenia municipality | name = Gyumri | native_name = {{lang|hy|Գյումրի}} | image = Gyumrigeneralview.jpg | image_caption = Gyumri ê kéng-sek | image_map = | map_caption = | image_flag = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Gyumri.svg | latd = 40.7894 | latm = | lats = | longd = 43.8475 | longm = | longs = | province = [[Shirak Séng|Shirak]] | seat = | area = 36.26 | pop = 146969 | den = | ele = 1546 }} '''Gyumri''' ([[Armenia Gú]]: {{lang|hy|Գյումրի}}) sī [[Armenia]] [[Shirak Séng|Shirak]] séng ê chi̍t ê tē-hng chng-thâu. == Liân-kiat == * [http://www.gyumricity.am/ Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Shirak Séng ê chng-thâu]] {{Armenia-geo-stub}} of3u1tqv1fprqj9kkz72unzya5qbqnj 3133074 3133073 2022-08-08T19:44:37Z CommonsDelinker 283 Removing [[:c:File:Coat_of_arms_of_Gyumri.svg|Coat_of_arms_of_Gyumri.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]; can usually be uploaded to your local Wikipedia as fair use if an articl wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Armenia municipality | name = Gyumri | native_name = {{lang|hy|Գյումրի}} | image = Gyumrigeneralview.jpg | image_caption = Gyumri ê kéng-sek | image_map = | map_caption = | image_flag = | image_shield = | latd = 40.7894 | latm = | lats = | longd = 43.8475 | longm = | longs = | province = [[Shirak Séng|Shirak]] | seat = | area = 36.26 | pop = 146969 | den = | ele = 1546 }} '''Gyumri''' ([[Armenia Gú]]: {{lang|hy|Գյումրի}}) sī [[Armenia]] [[Shirak Séng|Shirak]] séng ê chi̍t ê tē-hng chng-thâu. == Liân-kiat == * [http://www.gyumricity.am/ Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Shirak Séng ê chng-thâu]] {{Armenia-geo-stub}} 0ri85ume5iyc2stuycy6g9kvfs78h5b Vanadzor 0 496866 3133072 3111724 2022-08-08T19:07:40Z CommonsDelinker 283 Removing [[:c:File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vanadzor.svg|Coat_of_arms_of_Vanadzor.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]; can usually be uploaded to your local Wikipedia as fair use if an ar wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Armenia municipality | name = Vanadzor | native_name = {{lang|hy|Վանաձսր}} | image = Vanadzor02.jpg | image_caption = Vanadzor ê kéng-sek | image_map = | map_caption = | image_flag = | image_shield = | latd = 40.8 | latm = | lats = | longd = 44.483346 | longm = | longs = | province = [[Lori Séng|Lori]] | seat = | area = 25.1 | pop = 104971 | den = | ele = 1424 }} '''Vanadzor''' ([[Armenia Gú]]: {{lang|hy|Վանաձսր}}) sī [[Armenia]] [[Lori Séng|Lori]] séng ê chi̍t ê tē-hng chng-thâu. == Liân-kiat == * [http://vanadzor.am/ Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Lori Séng ê chng-thâu]] {{Armenia-geo-stub}} tjp4s02l1qbl6kb1k4c3hx2mla32e57 Garden City (Kansas) 0 531055 3133226 1629415 2022-08-09T10:44:20Z CommonsDelinker 283 Removing [[:c:File:Garden_City,_KS,_welcome_sign_IMG_5933.JPG|Garden_City,_KS,_welcome_sign_IMG_5933.JPG]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rosenzweig|Rosenzweig]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Garden City, KS, welcome sig wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. municipality | name = Garden City | type = city | image = | image_caption = Garden City ê kéng-sek | image_map = Finney County Kansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Garden City Highlighted.svg | map_caption = Garden City só͘-chāi-tô͘ | image_flag = | image_shield = | latd = 37 | latm = 58 | lats = 31 | longd = 100 | longm = 51 | longs = 50 | state = Kansas | county = [[Finney Kūn (Kansas)|Finney]] | area = 22.1 | pop = 27175 | ele = }} '''Garden City''' sī [[Bí-kok]] [[Kansas|Kansas chiu]] [[Finney Kūn (Kansas)|Finney kūn]] ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (''[[city]]''). == Liân-kiat == * [http://www.garden-city.org/ Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kansas ê chng-thâu]] {{Kansas-geo-stub}} 62cnm8i7e8g7ewksjc77o7uon45t0wy Šluknov 0 607862 3133171 1547012 2022-08-09T06:05:44Z VitVit 10041 Newer photo wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Czech town | name = Šluknov | image =Šluknov náměstí 1a.jpg | image_caption = Šluknov ê kéng-sek | image_map = Sluknov DC CZ.png | map_caption = Šluknov ê hoān-ûi | image_flag = | image_shield = Znak sluknov.jpg | latd = 51 | latm = 0 | lats = 12 | longd = 14 | longm = 27 | longs = 11 | region = [[Ústí nad Labem Chiu|Ústí nad Labem]] | district = [[Děčín Koān|Děčín]] | area = 47.45 | pop = 5705 | ele = | website = http://www.mesto-sluknov.cz/ }} '''Šluknov''' sī [[Czech]] [[Ústí nad Labem Chiu|Ústí nad Labem]] chiu [[Děčín Koān|Děčín]] koān ê chi̍t ê hiuⁿ-siā. == Tē-lí == Tī pún só͘-chāi sì-ûi ê tē-hng ū [[Jiříkov]], [[Rumburk]], [[Staré Křečany]], kap [[Velký Šenov]]. == Jîn-kháu == Chit ūi tī 2001 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 5,658 lâng; kàu 2014 nî ê sî ū 5,618 lâng. [[Lūi-pia̍t:Czech ê hiuⁿ-siā]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Děčín Koān]] {{Czech-geo-stub}} 69ipr90zjvxubzcfiwi5823ckvil4by CNN 0 624761 3133081 3127032 2022-08-08T20:37:30Z CommonsDelinker 283 Removing [[:c:File:CNN.svg|CNN.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]; can usually be uploaded to your local Wikipedia as fair use if an article exists ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]). wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = Cable Sin-bûn Bāng-lōo (CNN) | logo = | logo_size = 175px | launch_date = {{start date and age|1980|6|1}} | owner = [[Turner Broadcasting System]] (1980–1996)<br>[[Time Warner]] (1996–2018)<br> [[AT&T]] (2018–2022)<br>[[Warner Bros. Discovery]] (2022–present) | parent = [[CNN|CNN Global]] | picture_format = [[1080i]] ([[High-definition television|HDTV]])<br>(downscaled to [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for the [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] feed) | country = United States | language = English | area = {{Plainlist| * United States * Canada * Worldwide (via CNN International) }} | headquarters = [[CNN Center|30303 1 CNN Center]],<br> [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] | key_people = {{Plainlist| * [[Chris Licht]] (Chairman and CEO of CNN Global) * Michael Bass (EVP of Programming, CNN-US)<ref name="CNN president Jeff Zucker resigns">{{cite news |last1=Barr |first1=Jeremy |last2=Izadi |first2=Elahe |last3=Ellison |first3=Sarah |last4=Farhi |first4=Paul |title=CNN president Jeff Zucker resigns, citing undisclosed relationship with colleague |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/02/02/cnn-president-jeff-zucker-announces-resignation-over-undisclosed-relationship-with-colleague/ |access-date=February 2, 2022 |work=The Washington Post |date=February 2, 2022}}</ref> * Brad Ferrer ([[Vice President|EVP]]/[[Chief Financial Officer|CFO]] * [[Amy Entelis]] ([[Vice President|EVP]])<ref name="CNN president Jeff Zucker resigns"/> * [[Ken Jautz]] (EVP, CNN-US and [[HLN (TV network)|HLN]])<ref name="CNN president Jeff Zucker resigns"/> * [[Andrew Morse]] (EVP/Chief Digital Officer) }} | sister_channels = {{collapsible list| * [[CNN Airport]] * [[CNN Arabic]] * [[CNN Brazil]] * [[CNN Chile]] * [[CNN en Español]] * [[CNN Indonesia]] * [[CNN International]] * [[CNN-News18]] * [[CNN Philippines]] * [[CNN Portugal]] * [[CNN Türk]] * [[HLN (TV network)|HLN]] * CNN Prima News * A2 CNN }} | webcast = [https://go.cnn.com/?stream=cnn CNNgo] | website = {{URL|https://cnn.com}} | online_chan_1 = [[Hulu#Hulu + Live TV service|Hulu with Live TV]], [[Sling TV]], [[YouTube TV]] }} '''CNN''' sī [[Bí-kok]] ê chi̍t ê tiān-sī pîn-tō. ==Chù-kái== {{reflist}} {{Tv-stub}} [[Category:CNN| ]] [[Category:Bí-kok ê tiān-sī-tâi]] k1g58ofzp9uiv0t59njsdtw2ajy67i1 Helen Chhengthô 0 750358 3133166 1918956 2022-08-09T02:07:55Z Xqbot 3423 Bot: Siu-chèng siang têng ê choán-ia̍h kòe [[Helen Thanh Đào]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Helen Thanh Đào]] itjij75kw8yn5ucgptsyfpwv6zkrliq Helen Chheng thô 0 750359 3133165 1918957 2022-08-09T02:07:50Z Xqbot 3423 Bot: Siu-chèng siang têng ê choán-ia̍h kòe [[Helen Thanh Đào]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Helen Thanh Đào]] itjij75kw8yn5ucgptsyfpwv6zkrliq Chūiû Tiausiōng 0 751149 3133164 1919770 2022-08-09T02:07:45Z Xqbot 3423 Bot: Siu-chèng siang têng ê choán-ia̍h kòe [[Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] gat01iuts7q5bc2idd0jiz7zifamfdm Chū iû Tiau siōng 0 751150 3133163 1919771 2022-08-09T02:07:40Z Xqbot 3423 Bot: Siu-chèng siang têng ê choán-ia̍h kòe [[Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Chū-iû Lú-sîn-siōng]] gat01iuts7q5bc2idd0jiz7zifamfdm F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki 0 1074048 3132960 3130871 2022-08-08T13:36:02Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name= F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki |image= File:F-16 June 2008.jpg |caption= Tsi̍t-tsiah [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] F-16C teh [[2008-nî]] pue-kuè [[Iraq]] ê [[soa-bo̍k|sua-bo̍k]]. |alt= Aerial view of jet aircraft, carrying cylindrical fuel tanks and ordnance, overflying desert }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type= [[To-iōng-tôo chiàn-ki|To-iōng-tôo tsèn-ki]], [[Chè-khong chiàn-tàu-ki|Tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki]] |national origin= [[Bíkok]] |manufacturer= [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (1974-1993) <br />[[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]] (1993-bo̍k-tsên) |first flight= {{Start date and age|1974|01|20|df=yes}} (kè-uē-guā) <br />{{Start date and age|1974|02|02|df=yes}} (kuan-hong-ê) |introduced= {{Start date and age|1978|08|17|df=yes}} |retired=<!--Date the aircraft left service. If vague or more than a few dates, skip this --> |status= Ho̍k-i̍k tiong |primary user= [[Bíkok Khong-kun]] (USAF)<!-- List only ONE (1) user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add those tiny flags, as they limit horizontal space. --> |more users= 25 kî-thañ [[#Operators|iōng-tsiá]] (tsham-ua̍t ''[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators|operators page]]'') |produced= 1973–2017, 2019–bo̍ktsên<ref name="Def1_F-16_line_to_SC">{{cite news |last1= Weisgerber |first1= Marcus |title= Lockheed to Move F-16 Production to South Carolina |url= https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |access-date= 28 June 2018 |work= Defense One |date= 22 March 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180623032928/https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |archive-date= 23 June 2018}} {{en}}</ref> |number built= 4,604 ([[2018-nî]] [[6-goe̍h|6-gue̍h]])<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |access-date= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 24 November 2017 }} {{en}}</ref><ref name="bahrain">{{Cite web | url=https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | title=Lockheed Martin Awarded Contract to Build F-16 Block 70 Aircraft for Bahrain | access-date=28 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022206/https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | archive-date=29 June 2018 }} {{en}}</ref> |unit cost= F-16A/B: {{US$|14.6 pah-bān}} (1998)<ref name= AF_fact_sh/> <br />F-16C/D: {{US$|18.8 million}} (1998)<ref name=AF_fact_sh /> <br />F-16V: {{US$| 121.8 million}} (2020) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/09/taiwan-secures-bargain-price-for-f-16vs/ | title=Taiwan secures bargain price for F-16Vs" }} {{en}}</ref> |variants with their own articles= {{le|X-62 VISTA chiàn-tàu-ki|General Dynamics X-62 VISTA|X-62 VISTA tsèn-tàu-ki}} |developed into= {{ubl|[[Vought Model 1600]]|[[General Dynamics F-16XL]]|[[Mitsubishi F-2]]|[[Lockheed F-21]]}} }} |} '''F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki''' ([[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon (fighter aircraft)) sī [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (tsit-má sī [[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]]) gén-tsè ê khin-hîng [[Chiàn-tò͘-ki|tsèn-tàu-ki]]. Tong-tshoo sī siet-kè tsò tsi̍t-khuán tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki, iōng-lâi póo-tsōo [[Bí-kok Khong-kun]] (USAF) tsú-li̍k tsèn-ki F-15 tsoo-sîng kuân-kē phuè-tì. Āu-låi sîng-kong én-huà pèn-sîng tsi̍t-khuán [[To-kong-lîng chiàn-ki|to-kong-lîng tsèn-ki]] (Multirole combat aircraft), teh tsèn-ki sè-tāi siōng kui-luī tsò [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] (fourth-generation fighter). F-16 ê iu-ī sìng-lîng kap siong-tuì tshin-bîn e [[kè-siàu]] sī teh [[Su-chhut|guā-siau]] [[Chhī-tiûⁿ|tshī-tiûñ]] sîng-kong ê [[In-kó koan-hē|guân-in]] (causality), ma-si tē-4-tāi tsèn-ki tiong sán-liōng siong kuân ê ki-tsióng, luí-kè í-king [[sing-sán]] tshiau-kuè 4,604-tsiah.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |accessdate= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 2017-11-24 |dead-url= no }}</ref><ref name="bahrain"/><ref>[https://tw.news.yahoo.com/amphtml/%E8%BB%8D%E6%AD%A6-%E6%9C%80%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E8%BC%95%E5%9E%8B%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B7%9A%E6%90%AC%E5%AE%B6-f-16v%E8%A8%82%E5%96%AE%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E200%E6%9E%B6-090249911.html 軍武“最成功輕型戰機生產線搬家F-16V訂單超過200架]2019年4月26日</ref> M̄-kuán bí-kun ê tīng-tuañ í-king sing-sán uân-sîng, m̄-kù guā-siau tshī-tiûñ iu-guân hōo i kè-sio̍k sing-sán kàu tsit-má. Kiông-kìng ê siau-liōng mā uì F-16 ê āu-sio̍k sing-kip tsah-lâi lī-to, tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo teh ho̍k-i̍k to-nî āu iu-guân huat-tén tshut tshiūñ F-16E/F, F-16V tíng-tíng ta̍t-kàu [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] sìng-lîng ê ki-tsióng.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-09 |archive-date=2020-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326104810/https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> F-16 ê guân-sí siet-kè sī uì [[Oa̍t-lâm Chiàn-cheng|ua̍t-tsèn]] lâi-ê [[Keng-giām|king-giām]], kiông-tiāu [[sī-ki-lâi]] (within Visual Range) [[Tîⁿ-tàu|tîñ-tàu]] (dogfight) ê lîng-li̍k. Tshái-iōng pōo-hūn siú-tshù tâu-ji̍p liōng-sán-ki ê [[Ki-su̍t-ha̍k|ki-su̍t]]: tsíng-ha̍p [[RSS]] kap [[siàn-thuân hui-khòng hē-thóng]] (Fly-by-wire (FBW)),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-10 |archive-date=2020-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701220727/https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> iā sī Bí-kok siú-khuán ū lîng-li̍k tsìn-hîng 9[[g-le̍k|G]] (g-force) kuè-tsài ki-tōng ê tsèn-ki. F-16 ê kuan-hong [[bîng-tshing]] sī tsèn-sún, m̄-kū [[Hui-hêng-oân|hui-hîng-guân]] tō-í [[1978-nî]] [[tiān-sī-kio̍k]] (TV series) [[Battlestar Galactica (1978 tiān-sī-kio̍k)|Battlestar Galactica (1978 tēn-sī-kio̍k)]] (Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)) tiong [[Piáu-ián|én-tshut]] (performance) ê [[Viper Starfighter]], tō kah-i hō-bîng tsō Viper ê [[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]] (nickname).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |title=F-16 Fighting Falcon, F16, or Viper? |access-date=2007-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013091607/http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |archive-date=2008-10-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Lî-tshiáñ bo̍k-tsên mā í-king pèn-sîng [[Lockheed Martin|guân-tshiúñ]] tshái-iōng ê kuan-hong [[Bêng-chhing|bîng-tshing]] (name). ==Sú-iōng-kok== [[File:F-16 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.8|F-16 [[kok-ka|sú-iōng-kok]] ê [[tē-tô͘|tē-tôo]], [[Lâm-sek|nâñ-sik]] piáu-sī [[Hiān-chāi|tsit-má]] F-16 ê sú-iōng-kok, tsìn-tsîng ê sú-iōng-kok iōng [[âng-sek|âng-sik]] piáu-sī.]] [[File:F-16C block 52+ fighter jet, Hellenic Air Force (November 2010).jpg|thumb|[[Hellas khong-kun]] ê F-16C block 52, tsah ū pó-hîng iû-siuñ kah sen-tsìn ê [[ti̍k-iú sik-pia̍t hē-thóng]] (IFF).]] {{main|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok}} Tsì [[2010 nî]] 7 gue̍h í-king [[Su-chhut|su-tshut]] 4,500 tsiah-e̊ F-16 kàu tsia-ê [[kok-ka]].<ref name="Lock Ready">{{cite web |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |title=Lockheed Martin F-16 Is Ready for the Future As The World's Most Advanced 4th Generation Fighter |access-date=13 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815135515/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |archive-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=12em}} *{{flag|BHR}} *{{flag|BEL}} *{{flag|CHL}} <!-- *{{CRO}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Croatia to Buy F-16 Jets from Israel in a $500M Deal |url=http://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/33654 |website=israeldefense.co.il |publisher=IsraelDefense |access-date=3 August 2018 |language=en |date=29 March 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|DEN}} *{{flag|EGY}} *{{flag|GRC}} *{{flag|ISR}} *{{flag|IDN}} *{{flag|IRQ}} *{{flag|JOR}} *{{flag|MAR}} *{{flag|NLD}} *{{flag|NOR}} *{{flag|OMN}} *{{flag|PAK}} *{{flag|POL}} *{{flag|POR}} *{{flag|ROU}} *{{flag|SGP}} <!-- *{{SVK}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia Approves Purchase of F-16 Fighter Jets From US |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/11/world/europe/ap-eu-slovakia-f-16s.html |website=nytimes.com |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=12 July 2018 |language=en |date=11 July 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|KOR}} *{{flag|THA}} *{{flag|TUR}} *{{flag|TWN}} *{{flag|UAE}} *{{flag|USA}} *{{flag|VEN}} {{Div col end}}<!-- Further details covered in [[F-16 Fighting Falcon operators]]. --> ===Tsìn-tsîng sú-iōng-kok=== * {{ITA}} – Uì 2001 nî kàu 2012 nî, [[Itali khong-kun]] uì [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] suè beh 30 tsiah ê F-16A kap F-16B.<ref>Shamim, Asif. [http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html "Italian F-16 'Peace Caesar' program comes to an end."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603043901/http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html |date=3 June 2012}} F-16.net, 24 May 2012.</ref> ==Tsu-guân (F-16C Block 50 kap 52)== [[File:GENERAL DYNAMICS F-16 FIGHTING FALCON.svg|frameless|right|upright=1.5]] [[File:F16_vertical_climb.png|thumb|right|F-16 [[Sûi-ti̍t|khia-ti̍t]] pê-sing kuè-tîng tiong té-bīn ê sī-tôo.]] [[File:B61 in Weapons Storage and Security System.jpg|thumb|[[Bú-khì tû-chûn kap an-choân hē-thóng|Bú-khì an-tsuân tû-tsûn hē-thóng]] ê pó-hiám kuà-kè pó-tshî teh siōng-sing ê uī-tì, koh tiàu-kuà tsi̍t-e̊ [[B61 he̍k-tôaⁿ|B61 hi̍k-tuâñ]], piñ-å ū tsi̍t tsiah F-16 tsèn-ki. Pó-hiám kuà-kè khng-teh [[Ngē-hòa hui-ki iám-thé|ngē-huà hui-ki iám-thé]] ê lāi-té.]] {{Aircraft specs |ref=[[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] ê [[Bûn-kiāⁿ|bûn-kiāñ]] ,<ref name=AF_fact_sh>{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |title=F-16 Fact Sheet |publisher=U.S. Air Force |date=23 September 2015 |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129162437/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |archive-date=29 January 2017 }}</ref> kok-tsè kun-iōng hui-ki bo̍k-lo̍k,<ref name=Frawley_Military>Frawley 2002, p. 114.</ref> F-16C/D Block 50/52+ ê [[Hui-ki hui-hêng chhiú-chheh|hui-hîng tshiú-tsheh]] tíng-tíng sóo-tsāi lâi-e̊.<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003. {{en}}</ref> |prime units?=kts <!-- It-puañ tsu-guân --> |genhide= |crew=1-lâng (A/C/E), 2-lâng (B/D/F) |length ft=49 |length in=5 |length note= |span ft=32 |span in=8 |span note= |height ft=16 |height in= |height note= |wing area sqft=300 |wing area note= |aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |airfoil=[[NACA airfoil|NACA 64A204]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326174850/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |archive-date=26 March 2019 }}</ref> |empty weight lb=18900 |empty weight note= |gross weight lb=26500 |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight lb=42300 |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity={{convert|7000|lb|kg}} lāi-pōo.<ref name=AF_fact_sh/> |more general= <!-- E̋n-jín --> |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=[[General Electric F110]]-GE-129 |eng1 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 50 ê [[pán-pún]]) |eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng1 lbf=17155 |eng1 note= |power original= |thrust original= |eng1 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng1 lbf-ab=29500 |eng2 number=1 |eng2 name=[[Pratt & Whitney F100]]-PW-229 |eng2 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 52 ê pán-pún) |eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng2 lbf=17800 |eng2 note= |eng2 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng2 lbf-ab=29160 <!-- Hui-ki sìng-lîng --> |perfhide= |max speed kts= |max speed note= |max speed mach=2.05&nbsp;{{cvt|1145|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh 40,000 feet, bô tsóo-gāi<ref name=Frawley_Military/> **Mach 1.2, {{cvt|800|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh [[Hái-pêng-bīn|hái-pîng-bīn]]<ref name=Frawley_Military/> |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range nmi= |range note= |combat range nmi=295 |combat range note=tsi̍t-ê kuân-kē-kuân līm-bū tsah 4 × {{cvt|1000|lb|0}} [[Chà-tuâⁿ|tsà-tuâñ]]. |ferry range nmi=2277 |ferry range note= tsah [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank). |endurance=<!-- Nā-tsún kī-lī m̄ tsai-iáñ --> |ceiling ft=50000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon/|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon|website=U.S. Air Force}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-16.htm|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon - Military Aircraft|website=fas.org}}</ref> |ceiling note=plus |g limits=+9.0 |roll rate=<!-- ti̍k-ki hui-hîng --> |climb rate ftmin=72000<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003.</ref> |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |wing loading lb/sqft=88.3 |wing loading note= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass= |thrust/weight=1.095 (1.24 ū muá-tsài [[tāng-liōng]] & 50% lāi-pōo [[jiân-liāu|jên-liāu]] (fuel))<ref>Thrust (28,600) / Loaded weight with 50% internal fuel (23,000)</ref> |more performance= <!-- Bú-khì tsong-pī --> |guns=1 × [[20 mm caliber|20 mm (0.787 in)]] [[M61 Vulcan|M61A1 Vulcan]] [[Rotary cannon#M61 Vulcan and other designs|6-barrel rotary cannon]], 511 [[Chhèng-chí|huat]]. |hardpoints= 2 × i̍k-tsiam khong tuì khong [[tō-tôaⁿ|hui-tuâñ]] huat-siā-kè, 6-è ki-i̍k hā kah 3-ê ki-sin hā ê kuà-kè (thuân-kám-khì sī 3-ê tiong ê 2-ê) tsah ū tsi̍t-ê siōng tuā kàu {{convert|17000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} ê thú-tsûn khong-kan. |rockets=<br> **4 × LAU-61/LAU-68 [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]] gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 19/7 × [[Hydra 70]] mm/[[APKWS]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |title=U.S. Air Force Deploys APKWS Laser-Guided Rockets on F-16s |date=8 June 2016 |website=baesystems.com |publisher=BAE |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611120557/http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |archive-date=11 June 2016 }}</ref> hué-tsìñ, kò-pia̍t) **4 × LAU-5003 hué-tsìñ kiap-tshong (ta̍k ê tsah 19 × [[CRV7]] 70 mm hué-tsìñ) **4 × LAU-10 hué-tsìñ gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 4 × [[Zuni (rocket)|Zuni]] 127 [[mm]] [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]]) |missiles=<br> ** [[Khong tùi khong tō-tōaⁿ|Khong tùi khong tō-tuâñ]] (khong-tuì-khong tō-tuâñ): ***6 × [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] ***6 × [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] ***6 × [[IRIS-T]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-4]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-5]] ** [[Air-to-surface missile]]: ***6 × [[AGM-65 Maverick]] ***2 × [[AGM-88 HARM]] *** [[AGM-158 JASSM|AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile]] (JASSM) ***4 × [[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon]] (JSOW) ** [[Anti-ship missile]]: ***2 × [[Boeing Harpoon|AGM-84 Harpoon]] ***4 × [[Penguin missile|AGM-119 Penguin]] |bombs=<br> **8 × [[CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition]] **8 × [[GATOR mine system|CBU-89 Gator mine]] **8 × [[CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon]] **4 × {{le|Mark 84 he̍k-tān|Mark 84 bomb|Mark 84 hi̍k-tān}} thong-iōng tsà-tuâñ. **8 × {{le|Mark 83 he̍k-tān|Mark 83 bomb|Mark 83 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **12 × {{le|Mark 82 he̍k-tān|Mark 82 bomb|Mark 82 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **8 × [[GBU-39 SDB|GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb]] (SDB) **4 × [[GBU-10 Paveway II]] **6 × [[GBU-12 Paveway II]] **4 × [[GBU-24 Paveway III]] **4 × [[GBU-27 Paveway III]] **4 × [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) hē-le̽t。 ** [[Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser]] (WCMD) ** {{le|B61 he̍k-tān|B61 nuclear bomb|B61 hi̍k-tān}} ** {{le|B83 he̍k-tān|B83 nuclear bomb|B83 hi̍k-tān}} *'''Kî-thañ tsong-pī:''' **SUU-42A/A [[Flare (countermeasure)|Flares/Infrared decoys]] iā-suánn-khì gia̍p-tshng kap [[chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' **AN/ALQ-131 & AN/ALQ-184 [[electronic countermeasures|ECM]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' ** [[LANTIRN]], [[Lockheed Martin Sniper XR]] & [[LITENING targeting pod]]s ''ia̍h-sī'' **Up to 3 × 300/330/370/600 US [[gallon]] ''[[Sargent Fletcher]]'' [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank) uì-tio̍h "ūn-tōo hui-hâng" / "ên-sin hâng-tîng" / "tī-khong sî-kan" ''ia̍h-sī'' **[[Collins hâng-thian|Collins hâng-then]] (Collins Aerospace) DB-110 tn̂g kī-lī EO/IR thuân-kám-khì kiap-tshong khǹg teh tiong-suàñ. <!-- Avionics --> |avionics= * [[AN/APG-68]] [[luî-ta̍t]] (radar) * [[MIL-STD-1553]] [[Bus (tiān-náu)|bus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |title=MIL-STD-1553 Avionics Bus Description. Military Standard |publisher=Interfacebus.com |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019111637/http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |archive-date=19 October 2012 }}</ref> }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|2}} *Aleshire, Peter. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MiJdPBTGPicC&pg=PR22&lpg=PR22&dq=f-16+viper+galactica&source=bl&ots=qSdTpoqrFH&sig=xS-iUBSglOTFcWK2JxRPj9q3N64&hl=en&ei=0N0eSsu8DqOytAO4pLGMCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 ''Eye of the Viper: The Making of an F-16 Pilot (Illustrated ed.)''.] [[Old Saybrook, Connecticut]]: [[Globe Pequot Press|Globe Pequot]], 2005. {{ISBN|1-59228-822-7}}. {{en}} *Aronstein, David C. and Albert C. Piccirillo. ''The Lightweight Fighter Program: A Successful Approach to Fighter Technology Transition.'' [[Reston, Virginia|Reston, VA]]: AIAA, 1996. {{ISBN|978-1-56347-193-3}}. {{en}} *Coram, Robert. ''Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War''. [[New York City|New York]]: Little, Brown, and Co., 2002. {{ISBN|0-316-88146-5}}. {{en}} *Darling, Kev. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon'' (Combat Legend). [[London]]: Airlife, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84037-399-7}}. {{en}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=978-1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden et al|2004}}|date=July 2006}} {{en}} *Frawley, Gerard. ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft''. [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly NSW]], Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|1-875671-55-2}}. {{en}} *Hampton, Dan. ''Viper Pilot: the autobiography of one of America's most decorated F-16 combat pilots''. William Morrow, 2012. {{ISBN|9780062130358}} {{en}} *Hoh, Roger H. and David G. Mitchell. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081216115422/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA128758&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf "Flying Qualities of Relaxed Static Stability Aircraft – Volume I: Flying Qualities Airworthiness Assessment and Flight Testing of Augmented Aircraft."] ''Federal Aviation Administration'' (DOT/FAA/CT-82/130-I), September 1983. Retrieved: 16 June 2008. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''F/A-18 Hornet: A Navy Success Story''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-07134-696-2}}. {{en}} *Peacock, Lindsay. ''On Falcon Wings: The F-16 Story''. [[RAF Fairford]], United Kingdom: The Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund Enterprises, 1997. {{ISBN|1-899808-01-9}}. {{en}} *Richardson, Doug. ''General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon''. London: Salamander Books, 1990. {{ISBN|0-86101-534-7}}. {{en}} *Senior, Tim. ''The AirForces Monthly Book of the F-16 Fighting Falcon''. [[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford, UK]]: [[Key Books]] Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|0-946219-60-5}}. {{en}} *Spick, Mike, ed. ''Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul, MN]]: MBI, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7603-0893-4}}. {{en}} *HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, ''Flight Manual of F-16 C/D Block50 and 52+'', June 2003. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{Refbegin|2}} *Drendel, Lou. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon – Walk Around No. 1.'' [[Carrollton, Texas]]: Squadron/[[Signal Books]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-89747-307-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. ''United States Military Aircraft of the 20th century'' London: [[Salamander Books]] Ltd, 1984. {{ISBN|0-86101-163-5}}. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Supreme Heavy-Weight Fighter''. [[Arlington, Texas]]: Aerofax, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85780-081-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Sweetman|Sweetman, Bill]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyKWYFKWP74C ''Supersonic Fighters: The F-16 Fighting Falcons''.] [[Mankato, Minnesota]]: [[Capstone Publishers|Capstone Press]], 2008. {{ISBN|1-4296-1315-7}}. {{en}} *Williams, Anthony G. and Dr. Emmanuel Gustin. ''Flying Guns: The Modern Era''. Ramsbury, UK: The [[Crowood Press]], 2004. {{ISBN|1-86126-655-3}}. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Khong-tùi-khong tō-tôaⁿ]] (Khong-tùi-khong tō-tuâñ (KKT); [[eng-gí]]: air-to-air missile (AAM); [[hàn-gí]]: 空對空導彈) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons|F-16 Fighting Falcon}} * [http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx F-16 USAF fact sheet] {{en}} * [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/f16.html F-16 page on LockheedMartin.com] and [http://www.codeonemagazine.com/f16-highlights.html F-16 articles on Code One magazine site] {{en}} * [http://www.f-16.net/ F-16.net Fighting Falcon resource] {{en}} * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-16.htm F-16 page on GlobalSecurity.org] {{en}} {{Lockheed Martin|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-e̍k hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:General Dynamics hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Lockheed Martin hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1970 nî-tāi Bí-kok chiàn-tàu-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tan-e̋njín phùn-siā-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Sûi-ì ún-tēng hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:F-16 chiàn-sún]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-ki 1974 nî siú-poe ]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Te-4-tài phùn-siā chiàn-tàu-ki]] hgq5hmtlk1l1xq4k0b0x7suhizpegtj 3132961 3132960 2022-08-08T13:36:20Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name= F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki |image= File:F-16 June 2008.jpg |caption= Tsi̍t-tsiah [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] F-16C teh [[2008-nî]] pue-kuè [[Iraq]] ê [[soa-bo̍k|sua-bo̍k]]. |alt= Aerial view of jet aircraft, carrying cylindrical fuel tanks and ordnance, overflying desert }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type= [[To-iōng-tôo chiàn-ki|To-iōng-tôo tsèn-ki]], [[Chè-khong chiàn-tàu-ki|Tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki]] |national origin= [[Bíkok]] |manufacturer= [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (1974-1993) <br />[[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]] (1993-bo̍k-tsên) |first flight= {{Start date and age|1974|01|20|df=yes}} (kè-uē-guā) <br />{{Start date and age|1974|02|02|df=yes}} (kuan-hong-ê) |introduced= {{Start date and age|1978|08|17|df=yes}} |retired=<!--Date the aircraft left service. If vague or more than a few dates, skip this --> |status= Ho̍k-i̍k tiong |primary user= [[Bíkok Khong-kun]] (USAF)<!-- List only ONE (1) user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add those tiny flags, as they limit horizontal space. --> |more users= 25 kî-thañ [[#Operators|iōng-tsiá]] (tsham-ua̍t ''[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators|operators page]]'') |produced= 1973–2017, 2019–bo̍ktsên<ref name="Def1_F-16_line_to_SC">{{cite news |last1= Weisgerber |first1= Marcus |title= Lockheed to Move F-16 Production to South Carolina |url= https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |access-date= 28 June 2018 |work= Defense One |date= 22 March 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180623032928/https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |archive-date= 23 June 2018}} {{en}}</ref> |number built= 4,604 ([[2018-nî]] [[6-goe̍h|6-gue̍h]])<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |access-date= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 24 November 2017 }} {{en}}</ref><ref name="bahrain">{{Cite web | url=https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | title=Lockheed Martin Awarded Contract to Build F-16 Block 70 Aircraft for Bahrain | access-date=28 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022206/https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | archive-date=29 June 2018 }} {{en}}</ref> |unit cost= F-16A/B: {{US$|14.6 pah-bān}} (1998)<ref name= AF_fact_sh/> <br />F-16C/D: {{US$|18.8 million}} (1998)<ref name=AF_fact_sh /> <br />F-16V: {{US$| 121.8 million}} (2020) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/09/taiwan-secures-bargain-price-for-f-16vs/ | title=Taiwan secures bargain price for F-16Vs" }} {{en}}</ref> |variants with their own articles= {{le|X-62 VISTA chiàn-tàu-ki|General Dynamics X-62 VISTA|X-62 VISTA tsèn-tàu-ki}} |developed into= {{ubl|[[Vought Model 1600]]|[[General Dynamics F-16XL]]|[[Mitsubishi F-2]]|[[Lockheed F-21]]}} }} |} '''F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki''' ([[ing-gú]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon (fighter aircraft)) sī [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (tsit-má sī [[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]]) gén-tsè ê khin-hîng [[Chiàn-tò͘-ki|tsèn-tàu-ki]]. Tong-tshoo sī siet-kè tsò tsi̍t-khuán tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki, iōng-lâi póo-tsōo [[Bí-kok Khong-kun]] (USAF) tsú-li̍k tsèn-ki F-15 tsoo-sîng kuân-kē phuè-tì. Āu-låi sîng-kong én-huà pèn-sîng tsi̍t-khuán [[To-kong-lîng chiàn-ki|to-kong-lîng tsèn-ki]] (Multirole combat aircraft), teh tsèn-ki sè-tāi siōng kui-luī tsò [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] (fourth-generation fighter). F-16 ê iu-ī sìng-lîng kap siong-tuì tshin-bîn e [[kè-siàu]] sī teh [[Su-chhut|guā-siau]] [[Chhī-tiûⁿ|tshī-tiûñ]] sîng-kong ê [[In-kó koan-hē|guân-in]] (causality), ma-si tē-4-tāi tsèn-ki tiong sán-liōng siong kuân ê ki-tsióng, luí-kè í-king [[sing-sán]] tshiau-kuè 4,604-tsiah.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |accessdate= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 2017-11-24 |dead-url= no }}</ref><ref name="bahrain"/><ref>[https://tw.news.yahoo.com/amphtml/%E8%BB%8D%E6%AD%A6-%E6%9C%80%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E8%BC%95%E5%9E%8B%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B7%9A%E6%90%AC%E5%AE%B6-f-16v%E8%A8%82%E5%96%AE%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E200%E6%9E%B6-090249911.html 軍武“最成功輕型戰機生產線搬家F-16V訂單超過200架]2019年4月26日</ref> M̄-kuán bí-kun ê tīng-tuañ í-king sing-sán uân-sîng, m̄-kù guā-siau tshī-tiûñ iu-guân hōo i kè-sio̍k sing-sán kàu tsit-má. Kiông-kìng ê siau-liōng mā uì F-16 ê āu-sio̍k sing-kip tsah-lâi lī-to, tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo teh ho̍k-i̍k to-nî āu iu-guân huat-tén tshut tshiūñ F-16E/F, F-16V tíng-tíng ta̍t-kàu [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] sìng-lîng ê ki-tsióng.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-09 |archive-date=2020-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326104810/https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> F-16 ê guân-sí siet-kè sī uì [[Oa̍t-lâm Chiàn-cheng|ua̍t-tsèn]] lâi-ê [[Keng-giām|king-giām]], kiông-tiāu [[sī-ki-lâi]] (within Visual Range) [[Tîⁿ-tàu|tîñ-tàu]] (dogfight) ê lîng-li̍k. Tshái-iōng pōo-hūn siú-tshù tâu-ji̍p liōng-sán-ki ê [[Ki-su̍t-ha̍k|ki-su̍t]]: tsíng-ha̍p [[RSS]] kap [[siàn-thuân hui-khòng hē-thóng]] (Fly-by-wire (FBW)),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-10 |archive-date=2020-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701220727/https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> iā sī Bí-kok siú-khuán ū lîng-li̍k tsìn-hîng 9[[g-le̍k|G]] (g-force) kuè-tsài ki-tōng ê tsèn-ki. F-16 ê kuan-hong [[bîng-tshing]] sī tsèn-sún, m̄-kū [[Hui-hêng-oân|hui-hîng-guân]] tō-í [[1978-nî]] [[tiān-sī-kio̍k]] (TV series) [[Battlestar Galactica (1978 tiān-sī-kio̍k)|Battlestar Galactica (1978 tēn-sī-kio̍k)]] (Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)) tiong [[Piáu-ián|én-tshut]] (performance) ê [[Viper Starfighter]], tō kah-i hō-bîng tsō Viper ê [[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]] (nickname).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |title=F-16 Fighting Falcon, F16, or Viper? |access-date=2007-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013091607/http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |archive-date=2008-10-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Lî-tshiáñ bo̍k-tsên mā í-king pèn-sîng [[Lockheed Martin|guân-tshiúñ]] tshái-iōng ê kuan-hong [[Bêng-chhing|bîng-tshing]] (name). ==Sú-iōng-kok== [[File:F-16 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.8|F-16 [[kok-ka|sú-iōng-kok]] ê [[tē-tô͘|tē-tôo]], [[Lâm-sek|nâñ-sik]] piáu-sī [[Hiān-chāi|tsit-má]] F-16 ê sú-iōng-kok, tsìn-tsîng ê sú-iōng-kok iōng [[âng-sek|âng-sik]] piáu-sī.]] [[File:F-16C block 52+ fighter jet, Hellenic Air Force (November 2010).jpg|thumb|[[Hellas khong-kun]] ê F-16C block 52, tsah ū pó-hîng iû-siuñ kah sen-tsìn ê [[ti̍k-iú sik-pia̍t hē-thóng]] (IFF).]] {{main|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok}} Tsì [[2010 nî]] 7 gue̍h í-king [[Su-chhut|su-tshut]] 4,500 tsiah-e̊ F-16 kàu tsia-ê [[kok-ka]].<ref name="Lock Ready">{{cite web |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |title=Lockheed Martin F-16 Is Ready for the Future As The World's Most Advanced 4th Generation Fighter |access-date=13 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815135515/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |archive-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=12em}} *{{flag|BHR}} *{{flag|BEL}} *{{flag|CHL}} <!-- *{{CRO}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Croatia to Buy F-16 Jets from Israel in a $500M Deal |url=http://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/33654 |website=israeldefense.co.il |publisher=IsraelDefense |access-date=3 August 2018 |language=en |date=29 March 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|DEN}} *{{flag|EGY}} *{{flag|GRC}} *{{flag|ISR}} *{{flag|IDN}} *{{flag|IRQ}} *{{flag|JOR}} *{{flag|MAR}} *{{flag|NLD}} *{{flag|NOR}} *{{flag|OMN}} *{{flag|PAK}} *{{flag|POL}} *{{flag|POR}} *{{flag|ROU}} *{{flag|SGP}} <!-- *{{SVK}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia Approves Purchase of F-16 Fighter Jets From US |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/11/world/europe/ap-eu-slovakia-f-16s.html |website=nytimes.com |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=12 July 2018 |language=en |date=11 July 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|KOR}} *{{flag|THA}} *{{flag|TUR}} *{{flag|TWN}} *{{flag|UAE}} *{{flag|USA}} *{{flag|VEN}} {{Div col end}}<!-- Further details covered in [[F-16 Fighting Falcon operators]]. --> ===Tsìn-tsîng sú-iōng-kok=== * {{ITA}} – Uì 2001 nî kàu 2012 nî, [[Itali khong-kun]] uì [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] suè beh 30 tsiah ê F-16A kap F-16B.<ref>Shamim, Asif. [http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html "Italian F-16 'Peace Caesar' program comes to an end."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603043901/http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html |date=3 June 2012}} F-16.net, 24 May 2012.</ref> ==Tsu-guân (F-16C Block 50 kap 52)== [[File:GENERAL DYNAMICS F-16 FIGHTING FALCON.svg|frameless|right|upright=1.5]] [[File:F16_vertical_climb.png|thumb|right|F-16 [[Sûi-ti̍t|khia-ti̍t]] pê-sing kuè-tîng tiong té-bīn ê sī-tôo.]] [[File:B61 in Weapons Storage and Security System.jpg|thumb|[[Bú-khì tû-chûn kap an-choân hē-thóng|Bú-khì an-tsuân tû-tsûn hē-thóng]] ê pó-hiám kuà-kè pó-tshî teh siōng-sing ê uī-tì, koh tiàu-kuà tsi̍t-e̊ [[B61 he̍k-tôaⁿ|B61 hi̍k-tuâñ]], piñ-å ū tsi̍t tsiah F-16 tsèn-ki. Pó-hiám kuà-kè khng-teh [[Ngē-hòa hui-ki iám-thé|ngē-huà hui-ki iám-thé]] ê lāi-té.]] {{Aircraft specs |ref=[[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] ê [[Bûn-kiāⁿ|bûn-kiāñ]] ,<ref name=AF_fact_sh>{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |title=F-16 Fact Sheet |publisher=U.S. Air Force |date=23 September 2015 |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129162437/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |archive-date=29 January 2017 }}</ref> kok-tsè kun-iōng hui-ki bo̍k-lo̍k,<ref name=Frawley_Military>Frawley 2002, p. 114.</ref> F-16C/D Block 50/52+ ê [[Hui-ki hui-hêng chhiú-chheh|hui-hîng tshiú-tsheh]] tíng-tíng sóo-tsāi lâi-e̊.<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003. {{en}}</ref> |prime units?=kts <!-- It-puañ tsu-guân --> |genhide= |crew=1-lâng (A/C/E), 2-lâng (B/D/F) |length ft=49 |length in=5 |length note= |span ft=32 |span in=8 |span note= |height ft=16 |height in= |height note= |wing area sqft=300 |wing area note= |aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |airfoil=[[NACA airfoil|NACA 64A204]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326174850/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |archive-date=26 March 2019 }}</ref> |empty weight lb=18900 |empty weight note= |gross weight lb=26500 |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight lb=42300 |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity={{convert|7000|lb|kg}} lāi-pōo.<ref name=AF_fact_sh/> |more general= <!-- E̋n-jín --> |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=[[General Electric F110]]-GE-129 |eng1 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 50 ê [[pán-pún]]) |eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng1 lbf=17155 |eng1 note= |power original= |thrust original= |eng1 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng1 lbf-ab=29500 |eng2 number=1 |eng2 name=[[Pratt & Whitney F100]]-PW-229 |eng2 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 52 ê pán-pún) |eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng2 lbf=17800 |eng2 note= |eng2 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng2 lbf-ab=29160 <!-- Hui-ki sìng-lîng --> |perfhide= |max speed kts= |max speed note= |max speed mach=2.05&nbsp;{{cvt|1145|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh 40,000 feet, bô tsóo-gāi<ref name=Frawley_Military/> **Mach 1.2, {{cvt|800|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh [[Hái-pêng-bīn|hái-pîng-bīn]]<ref name=Frawley_Military/> |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range nmi= |range note= |combat range nmi=295 |combat range note=tsi̍t-ê kuân-kē-kuân līm-bū tsah 4 × {{cvt|1000|lb|0}} [[Chà-tuâⁿ|tsà-tuâñ]]. |ferry range nmi=2277 |ferry range note= tsah [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank). |endurance=<!-- Nā-tsún kī-lī m̄ tsai-iáñ --> |ceiling ft=50000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon/|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon|website=U.S. Air Force}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-16.htm|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon - Military Aircraft|website=fas.org}}</ref> |ceiling note=plus |g limits=+9.0 |roll rate=<!-- ti̍k-ki hui-hîng --> |climb rate ftmin=72000<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003.</ref> |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |wing loading lb/sqft=88.3 |wing loading note= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass= |thrust/weight=1.095 (1.24 ū muá-tsài [[tāng-liōng]] & 50% lāi-pōo [[jiân-liāu|jên-liāu]] (fuel))<ref>Thrust (28,600) / Loaded weight with 50% internal fuel (23,000)</ref> |more performance= <!-- Bú-khì tsong-pī --> |guns=1 × [[20 mm caliber|20 mm (0.787 in)]] [[M61 Vulcan|M61A1 Vulcan]] [[Rotary cannon#M61 Vulcan and other designs|6-barrel rotary cannon]], 511 [[Chhèng-chí|huat]]. |hardpoints= 2 × i̍k-tsiam khong tuì khong [[tō-tôaⁿ|hui-tuâñ]] huat-siā-kè, 6-è ki-i̍k hā kah 3-ê ki-sin hā ê kuà-kè (thuân-kám-khì sī 3-ê tiong ê 2-ê) tsah ū tsi̍t-ê siōng tuā kàu {{convert|17000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} ê thú-tsûn khong-kan. |rockets=<br> **4 × LAU-61/LAU-68 [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]] gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 19/7 × [[Hydra 70]] mm/[[APKWS]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |title=U.S. Air Force Deploys APKWS Laser-Guided Rockets on F-16s |date=8 June 2016 |website=baesystems.com |publisher=BAE |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611120557/http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |archive-date=11 June 2016 }}</ref> hué-tsìñ, kò-pia̍t) **4 × LAU-5003 hué-tsìñ kiap-tshong (ta̍k ê tsah 19 × [[CRV7]] 70 mm hué-tsìñ) **4 × LAU-10 hué-tsìñ gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 4 × [[Zuni (rocket)|Zuni]] 127 [[mm]] [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]]) |missiles=<br> ** [[Khong tùi khong tō-tōaⁿ|Khong tùi khong tō-tuâñ]] (khong-tuì-khong tō-tuâñ): ***6 × [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] ***6 × [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] ***6 × [[IRIS-T]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-4]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-5]] ** [[Air-to-surface missile]]: ***6 × [[AGM-65 Maverick]] ***2 × [[AGM-88 HARM]] *** [[AGM-158 JASSM|AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile]] (JASSM) ***4 × [[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon]] (JSOW) ** [[Anti-ship missile]]: ***2 × [[Boeing Harpoon|AGM-84 Harpoon]] ***4 × [[Penguin missile|AGM-119 Penguin]] |bombs=<br> **8 × [[CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition]] **8 × [[GATOR mine system|CBU-89 Gator mine]] **8 × [[CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon]] **4 × {{le|Mark 84 he̍k-tān|Mark 84 bomb|Mark 84 hi̍k-tān}} thong-iōng tsà-tuâñ. **8 × {{le|Mark 83 he̍k-tān|Mark 83 bomb|Mark 83 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **12 × {{le|Mark 82 he̍k-tān|Mark 82 bomb|Mark 82 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **8 × [[GBU-39 SDB|GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb]] (SDB) **4 × [[GBU-10 Paveway II]] **6 × [[GBU-12 Paveway II]] **4 × [[GBU-24 Paveway III]] **4 × [[GBU-27 Paveway III]] **4 × [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) hē-le̽t。 ** [[Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser]] (WCMD) ** {{le|B61 he̍k-tān|B61 nuclear bomb|B61 hi̍k-tān}} ** {{le|B83 he̍k-tān|B83 nuclear bomb|B83 hi̍k-tān}} *'''Kî-thañ tsong-pī:''' **SUU-42A/A [[Flare (countermeasure)|Flares/Infrared decoys]] iā-suánn-khì gia̍p-tshng kap [[chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' **AN/ALQ-131 & AN/ALQ-184 [[electronic countermeasures|ECM]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' ** [[LANTIRN]], [[Lockheed Martin Sniper XR]] & [[LITENING targeting pod]]s ''ia̍h-sī'' **Up to 3 × 300/330/370/600 US [[gallon]] ''[[Sargent Fletcher]]'' [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank) uì-tio̍h "ūn-tōo hui-hâng" / "ên-sin hâng-tîng" / "tī-khong sî-kan" ''ia̍h-sī'' **[[Collins hâng-thian|Collins hâng-then]] (Collins Aerospace) DB-110 tn̂g kī-lī EO/IR thuân-kám-khì kiap-tshong khǹg teh tiong-suàñ. <!-- Avionics --> |avionics= * [[AN/APG-68]] [[luî-ta̍t]] (radar) * [[MIL-STD-1553]] [[Bus (tiān-náu)|bus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |title=MIL-STD-1553 Avionics Bus Description. Military Standard |publisher=Interfacebus.com |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019111637/http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |archive-date=19 October 2012 }}</ref> }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|2}} *Aleshire, Peter. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MiJdPBTGPicC&pg=PR22&lpg=PR22&dq=f-16+viper+galactica&source=bl&ots=qSdTpoqrFH&sig=xS-iUBSglOTFcWK2JxRPj9q3N64&hl=en&ei=0N0eSsu8DqOytAO4pLGMCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 ''Eye of the Viper: The Making of an F-16 Pilot (Illustrated ed.)''.] [[Old Saybrook, Connecticut]]: [[Globe Pequot Press|Globe Pequot]], 2005. {{ISBN|1-59228-822-7}}. {{en}} *Aronstein, David C. and Albert C. Piccirillo. ''The Lightweight Fighter Program: A Successful Approach to Fighter Technology Transition.'' [[Reston, Virginia|Reston, VA]]: AIAA, 1996. {{ISBN|978-1-56347-193-3}}. {{en}} *Coram, Robert. ''Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War''. [[New York City|New York]]: Little, Brown, and Co., 2002. {{ISBN|0-316-88146-5}}. {{en}} *Darling, Kev. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon'' (Combat Legend). [[London]]: Airlife, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84037-399-7}}. {{en}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=978-1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden et al|2004}}|date=July 2006}} {{en}} *Frawley, Gerard. ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft''. [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly NSW]], Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|1-875671-55-2}}. {{en}} *Hampton, Dan. ''Viper Pilot: the autobiography of one of America's most decorated F-16 combat pilots''. William Morrow, 2012. {{ISBN|9780062130358}} {{en}} *Hoh, Roger H. and David G. Mitchell. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081216115422/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA128758&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf "Flying Qualities of Relaxed Static Stability Aircraft – Volume I: Flying Qualities Airworthiness Assessment and Flight Testing of Augmented Aircraft."] ''Federal Aviation Administration'' (DOT/FAA/CT-82/130-I), September 1983. Retrieved: 16 June 2008. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''F/A-18 Hornet: A Navy Success Story''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-07134-696-2}}. {{en}} *Peacock, Lindsay. ''On Falcon Wings: The F-16 Story''. [[RAF Fairford]], United Kingdom: The Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund Enterprises, 1997. {{ISBN|1-899808-01-9}}. {{en}} *Richardson, Doug. ''General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon''. London: Salamander Books, 1990. {{ISBN|0-86101-534-7}}. {{en}} *Senior, Tim. ''The AirForces Monthly Book of the F-16 Fighting Falcon''. [[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford, UK]]: [[Key Books]] Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|0-946219-60-5}}. {{en}} *Spick, Mike, ed. ''Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul, MN]]: MBI, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7603-0893-4}}. {{en}} *HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, ''Flight Manual of F-16 C/D Block50 and 52+'', June 2003. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{Refbegin|2}} *Drendel, Lou. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon – Walk Around No. 1.'' [[Carrollton, Texas]]: Squadron/[[Signal Books]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-89747-307-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. ''United States Military Aircraft of the 20th century'' London: [[Salamander Books]] Ltd, 1984. {{ISBN|0-86101-163-5}}. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Supreme Heavy-Weight Fighter''. [[Arlington, Texas]]: Aerofax, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85780-081-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Sweetman|Sweetman, Bill]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyKWYFKWP74C ''Supersonic Fighters: The F-16 Fighting Falcons''.] [[Mankato, Minnesota]]: [[Capstone Publishers|Capstone Press]], 2008. {{ISBN|1-4296-1315-7}}. {{en}} *Williams, Anthony G. and Dr. Emmanuel Gustin. ''Flying Guns: The Modern Era''. Ramsbury, UK: The [[Crowood Press]], 2004. {{ISBN|1-86126-655-3}}. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Khong-tùi-khong tō-tôaⁿ]] (Khong-tùi-khong tō-tuâñ (KKT); [[eng-gí]]: air-to-air missile (AAM); [[hàn-gí]]: 空對空導彈) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons|F-16 Fighting Falcon}} * [http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx F-16 USAF fact sheet] {{en}} * [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/f16.html F-16 page on LockheedMartin.com] and [http://www.codeonemagazine.com/f16-highlights.html F-16 articles on Code One magazine site] {{en}} * [http://www.f-16.net/ F-16.net Fighting Falcon resource] {{en}} * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-16.htm F-16 page on GlobalSecurity.org] {{en}} {{Lockheed Martin|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-e̍k hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:General Dynamics hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Lockheed Martin hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1970 nî-tāi Bí-kok chiàn-tàu-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tan-e̋njín phùn-siā-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Sûi-ì ún-tēng hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:F-16 chiàn-sún]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-ki 1974 nî siú-poe ]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Te-4-tài phùn-siā chiàn-tàu-ki]] mat4e81hdevyl1nqbu1myiizpa9cf47 3133019 3132961 2022-08-08T15:38:30Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k */ wikitext text/x-wiki {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name= F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki |image= File:F-16 June 2008.jpg |caption= Tsi̍t-tsiah [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] F-16C teh [[2008-nî]] pue-kuè [[Iraq]] ê [[soa-bo̍k|sua-bo̍k]]. |alt= Aerial view of jet aircraft, carrying cylindrical fuel tanks and ordnance, overflying desert }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type= [[To-iōng-tôo chiàn-ki|To-iōng-tôo tsèn-ki]], [[Chè-khong chiàn-tàu-ki|Tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki]] |national origin= [[Bíkok]] |manufacturer= [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (1974-1993) <br />[[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]] (1993-bo̍k-tsên) |first flight= {{Start date and age|1974|01|20|df=yes}} (kè-uē-guā) <br />{{Start date and age|1974|02|02|df=yes}} (kuan-hong-ê) |introduced= {{Start date and age|1978|08|17|df=yes}} |retired=<!--Date the aircraft left service. If vague or more than a few dates, skip this --> |status= Ho̍k-i̍k tiong |primary user= [[Bíkok Khong-kun]] (USAF)<!-- List only ONE (1) user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add those tiny flags, as they limit horizontal space. --> |more users= 25 kî-thañ [[#Operators|iōng-tsiá]] (tsham-ua̍t ''[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators|operators page]]'') |produced= 1973–2017, 2019–bo̍ktsên<ref name="Def1_F-16_line_to_SC">{{cite news |last1= Weisgerber |first1= Marcus |title= Lockheed to Move F-16 Production to South Carolina |url= https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |access-date= 28 June 2018 |work= Defense One |date= 22 March 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180623032928/https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |archive-date= 23 June 2018}} {{en}}</ref> |number built= 4,604 ([[2018-nî]] [[6-goe̍h|6-gue̍h]])<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |access-date= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 24 November 2017 }} {{en}}</ref><ref name="bahrain">{{Cite web | url=https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | title=Lockheed Martin Awarded Contract to Build F-16 Block 70 Aircraft for Bahrain | access-date=28 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022206/https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | archive-date=29 June 2018 }} {{en}}</ref> |unit cost= F-16A/B: {{US$|14.6 pah-bān}} (1998)<ref name= AF_fact_sh/> <br />F-16C/D: {{US$|18.8 million}} (1998)<ref name=AF_fact_sh /> <br />F-16V: {{US$| 121.8 million}} (2020) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/09/taiwan-secures-bargain-price-for-f-16vs/ | title=Taiwan secures bargain price for F-16Vs" }} {{en}}</ref> |variants with their own articles= {{le|X-62 VISTA chiàn-tàu-ki|General Dynamics X-62 VISTA|X-62 VISTA tsèn-tàu-ki}} |developed into= {{ubl|[[Vought Model 1600]]|[[General Dynamics F-16XL]]|[[Mitsubishi F-2]]|[[Lockheed F-21]]}} }} |} '''F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki''' ([[ing-gú]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon (fighter aircraft)) sī [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (tsit-má sī [[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]]) gén-tsè ê khin-hîng [[Chiàn-tò͘-ki|tsèn-tàu-ki]]. Tong-tshoo sī siet-kè tsò tsi̍t-khuán tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki, iōng-lâi póo-tsōo [[Bí-kok Khong-kun]] (USAF) tsú-li̍k tsèn-ki F-15 tsoo-sîng kuân-kē phuè-tì. Āu-låi sîng-kong én-huà pèn-sîng tsi̍t-khuán [[To-kong-lîng chiàn-ki|to-kong-lîng tsèn-ki]] (Multirole combat aircraft), teh tsèn-ki sè-tāi siōng kui-luī tsò [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] (fourth-generation fighter). F-16 ê iu-ī sìng-lîng kap siong-tuì tshin-bîn e [[kè-siàu]] sī teh [[Su-chhut|guā-siau]] [[Chhī-tiûⁿ|tshī-tiûñ]] sîng-kong ê [[In-kó koan-hē|guân-in]] (causality), ma-si tē-4-tāi tsèn-ki tiong sán-liōng siong kuân ê ki-tsióng, luí-kè í-king [[sing-sán]] tshiau-kuè 4,604-tsiah.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |accessdate= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 2017-11-24 |dead-url= no }}</ref><ref name="bahrain"/><ref>[https://tw.news.yahoo.com/amphtml/%E8%BB%8D%E6%AD%A6-%E6%9C%80%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E8%BC%95%E5%9E%8B%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B7%9A%E6%90%AC%E5%AE%B6-f-16v%E8%A8%82%E5%96%AE%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E200%E6%9E%B6-090249911.html 軍武“最成功輕型戰機生產線搬家F-16V訂單超過200架]2019年4月26日</ref> M̄-kuán bí-kun ê tīng-tuañ í-king sing-sán uân-sîng, m̄-kù guā-siau tshī-tiûñ iu-guân hōo i kè-sio̍k sing-sán kàu tsit-má. Kiông-kìng ê siau-liōng mā uì F-16 ê āu-sio̍k sing-kip tsah-lâi lī-to, tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo teh ho̍k-i̍k to-nî āu iu-guân huat-tén tshut tshiūñ F-16E/F, F-16V tíng-tíng ta̍t-kàu [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] sìng-lîng ê ki-tsióng.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-09 |archive-date=2020-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326104810/https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> F-16 ê guân-sí siet-kè sī uì [[Oa̍t-lâm Chiàn-cheng|ua̍t-tsèn]] lâi-ê [[Keng-giām|king-giām]], kiông-tiāu [[sī-ki-lâi]] (within Visual Range) [[Tîⁿ-tàu|tîñ-tàu]] (dogfight) ê lîng-li̍k. Tshái-iōng pōo-hūn siú-tshù tâu-ji̍p liōng-sán-ki ê [[Ki-su̍t-ha̍k|ki-su̍t]]: tsíng-ha̍p [[RSS]] kap [[siàn-thuân hui-khòng hē-thóng]] (Fly-by-wire (FBW)),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-10 |archive-date=2020-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701220727/https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> iā sī Bí-kok siú-khuán ū lîng-li̍k tsìn-hîng 9[[g-le̍k|G]] (g-force) kuè-tsài ki-tōng ê tsèn-ki. F-16 ê kuan-hong [[bîng-tshing]] sī tsèn-sún, m̄-kū [[Hui-hêng-oân|hui-hîng-guân]] tō-í [[1978-nî]] [[tiān-sī-kio̍k]] (TV series) [[Battlestar Galactica (1978 tiān-sī-kio̍k)|Battlestar Galactica (1978 tēn-sī-kio̍k)]] (Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)) tiong [[Piáu-ián|én-tshut]] (performance) ê [[Viper Starfighter]], tō kah-i hō-bîng tsō Viper ê [[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]] (nickname).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |title=F-16 Fighting Falcon, F16, or Viper? |access-date=2007-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013091607/http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |archive-date=2008-10-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Lî-tshiáñ bo̍k-tsên mā í-king pèn-sîng [[Lockheed Martin|guân-tshiúñ]] tshái-iōng ê kuan-hong [[Bêng-chhing|bîng-tshing]] (name). ==Sú-iōng-kok== [[File:F-16 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.8|F-16 [[kok-ka|sú-iōng-kok]] ê [[tē-tô͘|tē-tôo]], [[Lâm-sek|nâñ-sik]] piáu-sī [[Hiān-chāi|tsit-má]] F-16 ê sú-iōng-kok, tsìn-tsîng ê sú-iōng-kok iōng [[âng-sek|âng-sik]] piáu-sī.]] [[File:F-16C block 52+ fighter jet, Hellenic Air Force (November 2010).jpg|thumb|[[Hellas khong-kun]] ê F-16C block 52, tsah ū pó-hîng iû-siuñ kah sen-tsìn ê [[ti̍k-iú sik-pia̍t hē-thóng]] (IFF).]] {{main|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok}} Tsì [[2010 nî]] 7 gue̍h í-king [[Su-chhut|su-tshut]] 4,500 tsiah-e̊ F-16 kàu tsia-ê [[kok-ka]].<ref name="Lock Ready">{{cite web |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |title=Lockheed Martin F-16 Is Ready for the Future As The World's Most Advanced 4th Generation Fighter |access-date=13 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815135515/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |archive-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=12em}} *{{flag|BHR}} *{{flag|BEL}} *{{flag|CHL}} <!-- *{{CRO}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Croatia to Buy F-16 Jets from Israel in a $500M Deal |url=http://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/33654 |website=israeldefense.co.il |publisher=IsraelDefense |access-date=3 August 2018 |language=en |date=29 March 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|DEN}} *{{flag|EGY}} *{{flag|GRC}} *{{flag|ISR}} *{{flag|IDN}} *{{flag|IRQ}} *{{flag|JOR}} *{{flag|MAR}} *{{flag|NLD}} *{{flag|NOR}} *{{flag|OMN}} *{{flag|PAK}} *{{flag|POL}} *{{flag|POR}} *{{flag|ROU}} *{{flag|SGP}} <!-- *{{SVK}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia Approves Purchase of F-16 Fighter Jets From US |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/11/world/europe/ap-eu-slovakia-f-16s.html |website=nytimes.com |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=12 July 2018 |language=en |date=11 July 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|KOR}} *{{flag|THA}} *{{flag|TUR}} *{{flag|TWN}} *{{flag|UAE}} *{{flag|USA}} *{{flag|VEN}} {{Div col end}}<!-- Further details covered in [[F-16 Fighting Falcon operators]]. --> ===Tsìn-tsîng sú-iōng-kok=== * {{ITA}} – Uì 2001 nî kàu 2012 nî, [[Itali khong-kun]] uì [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] suè beh 30 tsiah ê F-16A kap F-16B.<ref>Shamim, Asif. [http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html "Italian F-16 'Peace Caesar' program comes to an end."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603043901/http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html |date=3 June 2012}} F-16.net, 24 May 2012.</ref> ==Tsu-guân (F-16C Block 50 kap 52)== [[File:GENERAL DYNAMICS F-16 FIGHTING FALCON.svg|frameless|right|upright=1.5]] [[File:F16_vertical_climb.png|thumb|right|F-16 [[Sûi-ti̍t|khia-ti̍t]] pê-sing kuè-tîng tiong té-bīn ê sī-tôo.]] [[File:B61 in Weapons Storage and Security System.jpg|thumb|[[Bú-khì tû-chûn kap an-choân hē-thóng|Bú-khì an-tsuân tû-tsûn hē-thóng]] ê pó-hiám kuà-kè pó-tshî teh siōng-sing ê uī-tì, koh tiàu-kuà tsi̍t-e̊ [[B61 he̍k-tôaⁿ|B61 hi̍k-tuâñ]], piñ-å ū tsi̍t tsiah F-16 tsèn-ki. Pó-hiám kuà-kè khng-teh [[Ngē-hòa hui-ki iám-thé|ngē-huà hui-ki iám-thé]] ê lāi-té.]] {{Aircraft specs |ref=[[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] ê [[Bûn-kiāⁿ|bûn-kiāñ]] ,<ref name=AF_fact_sh>{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |title=F-16 Fact Sheet |publisher=U.S. Air Force |date=23 September 2015 |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129162437/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |archive-date=29 January 2017 }}</ref> kok-tsè kun-iōng hui-ki bo̍k-lo̍k,<ref name=Frawley_Military>Frawley 2002, p. 114.</ref> F-16C/D Block 50/52+ ê [[Hui-ki hui-hêng chhiú-chheh|hui-hîng tshiú-tsheh]] tíng-tíng sóo-tsāi lâi-e̊.<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003. {{en}}</ref> |prime units?=kts <!-- It-puañ tsu-guân --> |genhide= |crew=1-lâng (A/C/E), 2-lâng (B/D/F) |length ft=49 |length in=5 |length note= |span ft=32 |span in=8 |span note= |height ft=16 |height in= |height note= |wing area sqft=300 |wing area note= |aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |airfoil=[[NACA airfoil|NACA 64A204]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326174850/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |archive-date=26 March 2019 }}</ref> |empty weight lb=18900 |empty weight note= |gross weight lb=26500 |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight lb=42300 |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity={{convert|7000|lb|kg}} lāi-pōo.<ref name=AF_fact_sh/> |more general= <!-- E̋n-jín --> |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=[[General Electric F110]]-GE-129 |eng1 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 50 ê [[pán-pún]]) |eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng1 lbf=17155 |eng1 note= |power original= |thrust original= |eng1 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng1 lbf-ab=29500 |eng2 number=1 |eng2 name=[[Pratt & Whitney F100]]-PW-229 |eng2 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 52 ê pán-pún) |eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng2 lbf=17800 |eng2 note= |eng2 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng2 lbf-ab=29160 <!-- Hui-ki sìng-lîng --> |perfhide= |max speed kts= |max speed note= |max speed mach=2.05&nbsp;{{cvt|1145|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh 40,000 feet, bô tsóo-gāi<ref name=Frawley_Military/> **Mach 1.2, {{cvt|800|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh [[Hái-pêng-bīn|hái-pîng-bīn]]<ref name=Frawley_Military/> |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range nmi= |range note= |combat range nmi=295 |combat range note=tsi̍t-ê kuân-kē-kuân līm-bū tsah 4 × {{cvt|1000|lb|0}} [[Chà-tuâⁿ|tsà-tuâñ]]. |ferry range nmi=2277 |ferry range note= tsah [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank). |endurance=<!-- Nā-tsún kī-lī m̄ tsai-iáñ --> |ceiling ft=50000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon/|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon|website=U.S. Air Force}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-16.htm|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon - Military Aircraft|website=fas.org}}</ref> |ceiling note=plus |g limits=+9.0 |roll rate=<!-- ti̍k-ki hui-hîng --> |climb rate ftmin=72000<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003.</ref> |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |wing loading lb/sqft=88.3 |wing loading note= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass= |thrust/weight=1.095 (1.24 ū muá-tsài [[tāng-liōng]] & 50% lāi-pōo [[jiân-liāu|jên-liāu]] (fuel))<ref>Thrust (28,600) / Loaded weight with 50% internal fuel (23,000)</ref> |more performance= <!-- Bú-khì tsong-pī --> |guns=1 × [[20 mm caliber|20 mm (0.787 in)]] [[M61 Vulcan|M61A1 Vulcan]] [[Rotary cannon#M61 Vulcan and other designs|6-barrel rotary cannon]], 511 [[Chhèng-chí|huat]]. |hardpoints= 2 × i̍k-tsiam khong tuì khong [[tō-tôaⁿ|hui-tuâñ]] huat-siā-kè, 6-è ki-i̍k hā kah 3-ê ki-sin hā ê kuà-kè (thuân-kám-khì sī 3-ê tiong ê 2-ê) tsah ū tsi̍t-ê siōng tuā kàu {{convert|17000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} ê thú-tsûn khong-kan. |rockets=<br> **4 × LAU-61/LAU-68 [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]] gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 19/7 × [[Hydra 70]] mm/[[APKWS]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |title=U.S. Air Force Deploys APKWS Laser-Guided Rockets on F-16s |date=8 June 2016 |website=baesystems.com |publisher=BAE |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611120557/http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |archive-date=11 June 2016 }}</ref> hué-tsìñ, kò-pia̍t) **4 × LAU-5003 hué-tsìñ kiap-tshong (ta̍k ê tsah 19 × [[CRV7]] 70 mm hué-tsìñ) **4 × LAU-10 hué-tsìñ gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 4 × [[Zuni (rocket)|Zuni]] 127 [[mm]] [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]]) |missiles=<br> ** [[Khong tùi khong tō-tōaⁿ|Khong tùi khong tō-tuâñ]] (khong-tuì-khong tō-tuâñ): ***6 × [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] ***6 × [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] ***6 × [[IRIS-T]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-4]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-5]] ** [[Air-to-surface missile]]: ***6 × [[AGM-65 Maverick]] ***2 × [[AGM-88 HARM]] *** [[AGM-158 JASSM|AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile]] (JASSM) ***4 × [[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon]] (JSOW) ** [[Anti-ship missile]]: ***2 × [[Boeing Harpoon|AGM-84 Harpoon]] ***4 × [[Penguin missile|AGM-119 Penguin]] |bombs=<br> **8 × [[CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition]] **8 × [[GATOR mine system|CBU-89 Gator mine]] **8 × [[CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon]] **4 × {{le|Mark 84 he̍k-tān|Mark 84 bomb|Mark 84 hi̍k-tān}} thong-iōng tsà-tuâñ. **8 × {{le|Mark 83 he̍k-tān|Mark 83 bomb|Mark 83 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **12 × {{le|Mark 82 he̍k-tān|Mark 82 bomb|Mark 82 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **8 × [[GBU-39 SDB|GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb]] (SDB) **4 × [[GBU-10 Paveway II]] **6 × [[GBU-12 Paveway II]] **4 × [[GBU-24 Paveway III]] **4 × [[GBU-27 Paveway III]] **4 × [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) hē-le̽t。 ** [[Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser]] (WCMD) ** {{le|B61 he̍k-tān|B61 nuclear bomb|B61 hi̍k-tān}} ** {{le|B83 he̍k-tān|B83 nuclear bomb|B83 hi̍k-tān}} *'''Kî-thañ tsong-pī:''' **SUU-42A/A [[Flare (countermeasure)|Flares/Infrared decoys]] iā-suánn-khì gia̍p-tshng kap [[chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' **AN/ALQ-131 & AN/ALQ-184 [[electronic countermeasures|ECM]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' ** [[LANTIRN]], [[Lockheed Martin Sniper XR]] & [[LITENING targeting pod]]s ''ia̍h-sī'' **Up to 3 × 300/330/370/600 US [[gallon]] ''[[Sargent Fletcher]]'' [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank) uì-tio̍h "ūn-tōo hui-hâng" / "ên-sin hâng-tîng" / "tī-khong sî-kan" ''ia̍h-sī'' **[[Collins hâng-thian|Collins hâng-then]] (Collins Aerospace) DB-110 tn̂g kī-lī EO/IR thuân-kám-khì kiap-tshong khǹg teh tiong-suàñ. <!-- Avionics --> |avionics= * [[AN/APG-68]] [[luî-ta̍t]] (radar) * [[MIL-STD-1553]] [[Bus (tiān-náu)|bus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |title=MIL-STD-1553 Avionics Bus Description. Military Standard |publisher=Interfacebus.com |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019111637/http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |archive-date=19 October 2012 }}</ref> }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|2}} *Aleshire, Peter. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MiJdPBTGPicC&pg=PR22&lpg=PR22&dq=f-16+viper+galactica&source=bl&ots=qSdTpoqrFH&sig=xS-iUBSglOTFcWK2JxRPj9q3N64&hl=en&ei=0N0eSsu8DqOytAO4pLGMCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 ''Eye of the Viper: The Making of an F-16 Pilot (Illustrated ed.)''.] [[Old Saybrook, Connecticut]]: [[Globe Pequot Press|Globe Pequot]], 2005. {{ISBN|1-59228-822-7}}. {{en}} *Aronstein, David C. and Albert C. Piccirillo. ''The Lightweight Fighter Program: A Successful Approach to Fighter Technology Transition.'' [[Reston, Virginia|Reston, VA]]: AIAA, 1996. {{ISBN|978-1-56347-193-3}}. {{en}} *Coram, Robert. ''Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War''. [[New York City|New York]]: Little, Brown, and Co., 2002. {{ISBN|0-316-88146-5}}. {{en}} *Darling, Kev. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon'' (Combat Legend). [[London]]: Airlife, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84037-399-7}}. {{en}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=978-1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden et al|2004}}|date=July 2006}} {{en}} *Frawley, Gerard. ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft''. [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly NSW]], Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|1-875671-55-2}}. {{en}} *Hampton, Dan. ''Viper Pilot: the autobiography of one of America's most decorated F-16 combat pilots''. William Morrow, 2012. {{ISBN|9780062130358}} {{en}} *Hoh, Roger H. and David G. Mitchell. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081216115422/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA128758&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf "Flying Qualities of Relaxed Static Stability Aircraft – Volume I: Flying Qualities Airworthiness Assessment and Flight Testing of Augmented Aircraft."] ''Federal Aviation Administration'' (DOT/FAA/CT-82/130-I), September 1983. Retrieved: 16 June 2008. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''F/A-18 Hornet: A Navy Success Story''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-07134-696-2}}. {{en}} *Peacock, Lindsay. ''On Falcon Wings: The F-16 Story''. [[RAF Fairford]], United Kingdom: The Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund Enterprises, 1997. {{ISBN|1-899808-01-9}}. {{en}} *Richardson, Doug. ''General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon''. London: Salamander Books, 1990. {{ISBN|0-86101-534-7}}. {{en}} *Senior, Tim. ''The AirForces Monthly Book of the F-16 Fighting Falcon''. [[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford, UK]]: [[Key Books]] Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|0-946219-60-5}}. {{en}} *Spick, Mike, ed. ''Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul, MN]]: MBI, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7603-0893-4}}. {{en}} *HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, ''Flight Manual of F-16 C/D Block50 and 52+'', June 2003. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{Refbegin|2}} *Drendel, Lou. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon – Walk Around No. 1.'' [[Carrollton, Texas]]: Squadron/[[Signal Books]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-89747-307-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. ''United States Military Aircraft of the 20th century'' London: [[Salamander Books]] Ltd, 1984. {{ISBN|0-86101-163-5}}. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Supreme Heavy-Weight Fighter''. [[Arlington, Texas]]: Aerofax, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85780-081-8}}. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Khong-tùi-khong tō-tôaⁿ]] (Khong-tùi-khong tō-tuâñ (KKT); [[eng-gí]]: air-to-air missile (AAM); [[hàn-gí]]: 空對空導彈) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons|F-16 Fighting Falcon}} * [http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx F-16 USAF fact sheet] {{en}} * [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/f16.html F-16 page on LockheedMartin.com] and [http://www.codeonemagazine.com/f16-highlights.html F-16 articles on Code One magazine site] {{en}} * [http://www.f-16.net/ F-16.net Fighting Falcon resource] {{en}} * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-16.htm F-16 page on GlobalSecurity.org] {{en}} {{Lockheed Martin|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-e̍k hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:General Dynamics hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Lockheed Martin hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1970 nî-tāi Bí-kok chiàn-tàu-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tan-e̋njín phùn-siā-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Sûi-ì ún-tēng hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:F-16 chiàn-sún]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-ki 1974 nî siú-poe ]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Te-4-tài phùn-siā chiàn-tàu-ki]] 17vaqmtm13rc2isaqaf3opf13yhedbs 3133020 3133019 2022-08-08T15:38:44Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k */ wikitext text/x-wiki {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name= F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki |image= File:F-16 June 2008.jpg |caption= Tsi̍t-tsiah [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] F-16C teh [[2008-nî]] pue-kuè [[Iraq]] ê [[soa-bo̍k|sua-bo̍k]]. |alt= Aerial view of jet aircraft, carrying cylindrical fuel tanks and ordnance, overflying desert }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type= [[To-iōng-tôo chiàn-ki|To-iōng-tôo tsèn-ki]], [[Chè-khong chiàn-tàu-ki|Tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki]] |national origin= [[Bíkok]] |manufacturer= [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (1974-1993) <br />[[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]] (1993-bo̍k-tsên) |first flight= {{Start date and age|1974|01|20|df=yes}} (kè-uē-guā) <br />{{Start date and age|1974|02|02|df=yes}} (kuan-hong-ê) |introduced= {{Start date and age|1978|08|17|df=yes}} |retired=<!--Date the aircraft left service. If vague or more than a few dates, skip this --> |status= Ho̍k-i̍k tiong |primary user= [[Bíkok Khong-kun]] (USAF)<!-- List only ONE (1) user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add those tiny flags, as they limit horizontal space. --> |more users= 25 kî-thañ [[#Operators|iōng-tsiá]] (tsham-ua̍t ''[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators|operators page]]'') |produced= 1973–2017, 2019–bo̍ktsên<ref name="Def1_F-16_line_to_SC">{{cite news |last1= Weisgerber |first1= Marcus |title= Lockheed to Move F-16 Production to South Carolina |url= https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |access-date= 28 June 2018 |work= Defense One |date= 22 March 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180623032928/https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |archive-date= 23 June 2018}} {{en}}</ref> |number built= 4,604 ([[2018-nî]] [[6-goe̍h|6-gue̍h]])<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |access-date= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 24 November 2017 }} {{en}}</ref><ref name="bahrain">{{Cite web | url=https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | title=Lockheed Martin Awarded Contract to Build F-16 Block 70 Aircraft for Bahrain | access-date=28 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022206/https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | archive-date=29 June 2018 }} {{en}}</ref> |unit cost= F-16A/B: {{US$|14.6 pah-bān}} (1998)<ref name= AF_fact_sh/> <br />F-16C/D: {{US$|18.8 million}} (1998)<ref name=AF_fact_sh /> <br />F-16V: {{US$| 121.8 million}} (2020) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/09/taiwan-secures-bargain-price-for-f-16vs/ | title=Taiwan secures bargain price for F-16Vs" }} {{en}}</ref> |variants with their own articles= {{le|X-62 VISTA chiàn-tàu-ki|General Dynamics X-62 VISTA|X-62 VISTA tsèn-tàu-ki}} |developed into= {{ubl|[[Vought Model 1600]]|[[General Dynamics F-16XL]]|[[Mitsubishi F-2]]|[[Lockheed F-21]]}} }} |} '''F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki''' ([[ing-gú]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon (fighter aircraft)) sī [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (tsit-má sī [[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]]) gén-tsè ê khin-hîng [[Chiàn-tò͘-ki|tsèn-tàu-ki]]. Tong-tshoo sī siet-kè tsò tsi̍t-khuán tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki, iōng-lâi póo-tsōo [[Bí-kok Khong-kun]] (USAF) tsú-li̍k tsèn-ki F-15 tsoo-sîng kuân-kē phuè-tì. Āu-låi sîng-kong én-huà pèn-sîng tsi̍t-khuán [[To-kong-lîng chiàn-ki|to-kong-lîng tsèn-ki]] (Multirole combat aircraft), teh tsèn-ki sè-tāi siōng kui-luī tsò [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] (fourth-generation fighter). F-16 ê iu-ī sìng-lîng kap siong-tuì tshin-bîn e [[kè-siàu]] sī teh [[Su-chhut|guā-siau]] [[Chhī-tiûⁿ|tshī-tiûñ]] sîng-kong ê [[In-kó koan-hē|guân-in]] (causality), ma-si tē-4-tāi tsèn-ki tiong sán-liōng siong kuân ê ki-tsióng, luí-kè í-king [[sing-sán]] tshiau-kuè 4,604-tsiah.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |accessdate= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 2017-11-24 |dead-url= no }}</ref><ref name="bahrain"/><ref>[https://tw.news.yahoo.com/amphtml/%E8%BB%8D%E6%AD%A6-%E6%9C%80%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E8%BC%95%E5%9E%8B%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B7%9A%E6%90%AC%E5%AE%B6-f-16v%E8%A8%82%E5%96%AE%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E200%E6%9E%B6-090249911.html 軍武“最成功輕型戰機生產線搬家F-16V訂單超過200架]2019年4月26日</ref> M̄-kuán bí-kun ê tīng-tuañ í-king sing-sán uân-sîng, m̄-kù guā-siau tshī-tiûñ iu-guân hōo i kè-sio̍k sing-sán kàu tsit-má. Kiông-kìng ê siau-liōng mā uì F-16 ê āu-sio̍k sing-kip tsah-lâi lī-to, tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo teh ho̍k-i̍k to-nî āu iu-guân huat-tén tshut tshiūñ F-16E/F, F-16V tíng-tíng ta̍t-kàu [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] sìng-lîng ê ki-tsióng.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-09 |archive-date=2020-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326104810/https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> F-16 ê guân-sí siet-kè sī uì [[Oa̍t-lâm Chiàn-cheng|ua̍t-tsèn]] lâi-ê [[Keng-giām|king-giām]], kiông-tiāu [[sī-ki-lâi]] (within Visual Range) [[Tîⁿ-tàu|tîñ-tàu]] (dogfight) ê lîng-li̍k. Tshái-iōng pōo-hūn siú-tshù tâu-ji̍p liōng-sán-ki ê [[Ki-su̍t-ha̍k|ki-su̍t]]: tsíng-ha̍p [[RSS]] kap [[siàn-thuân hui-khòng hē-thóng]] (Fly-by-wire (FBW)),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-10 |archive-date=2020-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701220727/https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> iā sī Bí-kok siú-khuán ū lîng-li̍k tsìn-hîng 9[[g-le̍k|G]] (g-force) kuè-tsài ki-tōng ê tsèn-ki. F-16 ê kuan-hong [[bîng-tshing]] sī tsèn-sún, m̄-kū [[Hui-hêng-oân|hui-hîng-guân]] tō-í [[1978-nî]] [[tiān-sī-kio̍k]] (TV series) [[Battlestar Galactica (1978 tiān-sī-kio̍k)|Battlestar Galactica (1978 tēn-sī-kio̍k)]] (Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)) tiong [[Piáu-ián|én-tshut]] (performance) ê [[Viper Starfighter]], tō kah-i hō-bîng tsō Viper ê [[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]] (nickname).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |title=F-16 Fighting Falcon, F16, or Viper? |access-date=2007-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013091607/http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |archive-date=2008-10-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Lî-tshiáñ bo̍k-tsên mā í-king pèn-sîng [[Lockheed Martin|guân-tshiúñ]] tshái-iōng ê kuan-hong [[Bêng-chhing|bîng-tshing]] (name). ==Sú-iōng-kok== [[File:F-16 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.8|F-16 [[kok-ka|sú-iōng-kok]] ê [[tē-tô͘|tē-tôo]], [[Lâm-sek|nâñ-sik]] piáu-sī [[Hiān-chāi|tsit-má]] F-16 ê sú-iōng-kok, tsìn-tsîng ê sú-iōng-kok iōng [[âng-sek|âng-sik]] piáu-sī.]] [[File:F-16C block 52+ fighter jet, Hellenic Air Force (November 2010).jpg|thumb|[[Hellas khong-kun]] ê F-16C block 52, tsah ū pó-hîng iû-siuñ kah sen-tsìn ê [[ti̍k-iú sik-pia̍t hē-thóng]] (IFF).]] {{main|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok}} Tsì [[2010 nî]] 7 gue̍h í-king [[Su-chhut|su-tshut]] 4,500 tsiah-e̊ F-16 kàu tsia-ê [[kok-ka]].<ref name="Lock Ready">{{cite web |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |title=Lockheed Martin F-16 Is Ready for the Future As The World's Most Advanced 4th Generation Fighter |access-date=13 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815135515/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |archive-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=12em}} *{{flag|BHR}} *{{flag|BEL}} *{{flag|CHL}} <!-- *{{CRO}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Croatia to Buy F-16 Jets from Israel in a $500M Deal |url=http://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/33654 |website=israeldefense.co.il |publisher=IsraelDefense |access-date=3 August 2018 |language=en |date=29 March 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|DEN}} *{{flag|EGY}} *{{flag|GRC}} *{{flag|ISR}} *{{flag|IDN}} *{{flag|IRQ}} *{{flag|JOR}} *{{flag|MAR}} *{{flag|NLD}} *{{flag|NOR}} *{{flag|OMN}} *{{flag|PAK}} *{{flag|POL}} *{{flag|POR}} *{{flag|ROU}} *{{flag|SGP}} <!-- *{{SVK}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia Approves Purchase of F-16 Fighter Jets From US |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/11/world/europe/ap-eu-slovakia-f-16s.html |website=nytimes.com |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=12 July 2018 |language=en |date=11 July 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|KOR}} *{{flag|THA}} *{{flag|TUR}} *{{flag|TWN}} *{{flag|UAE}} *{{flag|USA}} *{{flag|VEN}} {{Div col end}}<!-- Further details covered in [[F-16 Fighting Falcon operators]]. --> ===Tsìn-tsîng sú-iōng-kok=== * {{ITA}} – Uì 2001 nî kàu 2012 nî, [[Itali khong-kun]] uì [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] suè beh 30 tsiah ê F-16A kap F-16B.<ref>Shamim, Asif. [http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html "Italian F-16 'Peace Caesar' program comes to an end."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603043901/http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html |date=3 June 2012}} F-16.net, 24 May 2012.</ref> ==Tsu-guân (F-16C Block 50 kap 52)== [[File:GENERAL DYNAMICS F-16 FIGHTING FALCON.svg|frameless|right|upright=1.5]] [[File:F16_vertical_climb.png|thumb|right|F-16 [[Sûi-ti̍t|khia-ti̍t]] pê-sing kuè-tîng tiong té-bīn ê sī-tôo.]] [[File:B61 in Weapons Storage and Security System.jpg|thumb|[[Bú-khì tû-chûn kap an-choân hē-thóng|Bú-khì an-tsuân tû-tsûn hē-thóng]] ê pó-hiám kuà-kè pó-tshî teh siōng-sing ê uī-tì, koh tiàu-kuà tsi̍t-e̊ [[B61 he̍k-tôaⁿ|B61 hi̍k-tuâñ]], piñ-å ū tsi̍t tsiah F-16 tsèn-ki. Pó-hiám kuà-kè khng-teh [[Ngē-hòa hui-ki iám-thé|ngē-huà hui-ki iám-thé]] ê lāi-té.]] {{Aircraft specs |ref=[[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] ê [[Bûn-kiāⁿ|bûn-kiāñ]] ,<ref name=AF_fact_sh>{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |title=F-16 Fact Sheet |publisher=U.S. Air Force |date=23 September 2015 |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129162437/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |archive-date=29 January 2017 }}</ref> kok-tsè kun-iōng hui-ki bo̍k-lo̍k,<ref name=Frawley_Military>Frawley 2002, p. 114.</ref> F-16C/D Block 50/52+ ê [[Hui-ki hui-hêng chhiú-chheh|hui-hîng tshiú-tsheh]] tíng-tíng sóo-tsāi lâi-e̊.<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003. {{en}}</ref> |prime units?=kts <!-- It-puañ tsu-guân --> |genhide= |crew=1-lâng (A/C/E), 2-lâng (B/D/F) |length ft=49 |length in=5 |length note= |span ft=32 |span in=8 |span note= |height ft=16 |height in= |height note= |wing area sqft=300 |wing area note= |aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |airfoil=[[NACA airfoil|NACA 64A204]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326174850/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |archive-date=26 March 2019 }}</ref> |empty weight lb=18900 |empty weight note= |gross weight lb=26500 |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight lb=42300 |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity={{convert|7000|lb|kg}} lāi-pōo.<ref name=AF_fact_sh/> |more general= <!-- E̋n-jín --> |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=[[General Electric F110]]-GE-129 |eng1 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 50 ê [[pán-pún]]) |eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng1 lbf=17155 |eng1 note= |power original= |thrust original= |eng1 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng1 lbf-ab=29500 |eng2 number=1 |eng2 name=[[Pratt & Whitney F100]]-PW-229 |eng2 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 52 ê pán-pún) |eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng2 lbf=17800 |eng2 note= |eng2 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng2 lbf-ab=29160 <!-- Hui-ki sìng-lîng --> |perfhide= |max speed kts= |max speed note= |max speed mach=2.05&nbsp;{{cvt|1145|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh 40,000 feet, bô tsóo-gāi<ref name=Frawley_Military/> **Mach 1.2, {{cvt|800|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh [[Hái-pêng-bīn|hái-pîng-bīn]]<ref name=Frawley_Military/> |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range nmi= |range note= |combat range nmi=295 |combat range note=tsi̍t-ê kuân-kē-kuân līm-bū tsah 4 × {{cvt|1000|lb|0}} [[Chà-tuâⁿ|tsà-tuâñ]]. |ferry range nmi=2277 |ferry range note= tsah [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank). |endurance=<!-- Nā-tsún kī-lī m̄ tsai-iáñ --> |ceiling ft=50000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon/|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon|website=U.S. Air Force}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-16.htm|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon - Military Aircraft|website=fas.org}}</ref> |ceiling note=plus |g limits=+9.0 |roll rate=<!-- ti̍k-ki hui-hîng --> |climb rate ftmin=72000<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003.</ref> |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |wing loading lb/sqft=88.3 |wing loading note= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass= |thrust/weight=1.095 (1.24 ū muá-tsài [[tāng-liōng]] & 50% lāi-pōo [[jiân-liāu|jên-liāu]] (fuel))<ref>Thrust (28,600) / Loaded weight with 50% internal fuel (23,000)</ref> |more performance= <!-- Bú-khì tsong-pī --> |guns=1 × [[20 mm caliber|20 mm (0.787 in)]] [[M61 Vulcan|M61A1 Vulcan]] [[Rotary cannon#M61 Vulcan and other designs|6-barrel rotary cannon]], 511 [[Chhèng-chí|huat]]. |hardpoints= 2 × i̍k-tsiam khong tuì khong [[tō-tôaⁿ|hui-tuâñ]] huat-siā-kè, 6-è ki-i̍k hā kah 3-ê ki-sin hā ê kuà-kè (thuân-kám-khì sī 3-ê tiong ê 2-ê) tsah ū tsi̍t-ê siōng tuā kàu {{convert|17000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} ê thú-tsûn khong-kan. |rockets=<br> **4 × LAU-61/LAU-68 [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]] gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 19/7 × [[Hydra 70]] mm/[[APKWS]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |title=U.S. Air Force Deploys APKWS Laser-Guided Rockets on F-16s |date=8 June 2016 |website=baesystems.com |publisher=BAE |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611120557/http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |archive-date=11 June 2016 }}</ref> hué-tsìñ, kò-pia̍t) **4 × LAU-5003 hué-tsìñ kiap-tshong (ta̍k ê tsah 19 × [[CRV7]] 70 mm hué-tsìñ) **4 × LAU-10 hué-tsìñ gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 4 × [[Zuni (rocket)|Zuni]] 127 [[mm]] [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]]) |missiles=<br> ** [[Khong tùi khong tō-tōaⁿ|Khong tùi khong tō-tuâñ]] (khong-tuì-khong tō-tuâñ): ***6 × [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] ***6 × [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] ***6 × [[IRIS-T]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-4]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-5]] ** [[Air-to-surface missile]]: ***6 × [[AGM-65 Maverick]] ***2 × [[AGM-88 HARM]] *** [[AGM-158 JASSM|AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile]] (JASSM) ***4 × [[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon]] (JSOW) ** [[Anti-ship missile]]: ***2 × [[Boeing Harpoon|AGM-84 Harpoon]] ***4 × [[Penguin missile|AGM-119 Penguin]] |bombs=<br> **8 × [[CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition]] **8 × [[GATOR mine system|CBU-89 Gator mine]] **8 × [[CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon]] **4 × {{le|Mark 84 he̍k-tān|Mark 84 bomb|Mark 84 hi̍k-tān}} thong-iōng tsà-tuâñ. **8 × {{le|Mark 83 he̍k-tān|Mark 83 bomb|Mark 83 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **12 × {{le|Mark 82 he̍k-tān|Mark 82 bomb|Mark 82 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **8 × [[GBU-39 SDB|GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb]] (SDB) **4 × [[GBU-10 Paveway II]] **6 × [[GBU-12 Paveway II]] **4 × [[GBU-24 Paveway III]] **4 × [[GBU-27 Paveway III]] **4 × [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) hē-le̽t。 ** [[Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser]] (WCMD) ** {{le|B61 he̍k-tān|B61 nuclear bomb|B61 hi̍k-tān}} ** {{le|B83 he̍k-tān|B83 nuclear bomb|B83 hi̍k-tān}} *'''Kî-thañ tsong-pī:''' **SUU-42A/A [[Flare (countermeasure)|Flares/Infrared decoys]] iā-suánn-khì gia̍p-tshng kap [[chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' **AN/ALQ-131 & AN/ALQ-184 [[electronic countermeasures|ECM]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' ** [[LANTIRN]], [[Lockheed Martin Sniper XR]] & [[LITENING targeting pod]]s ''ia̍h-sī'' **Up to 3 × 300/330/370/600 US [[gallon]] ''[[Sargent Fletcher]]'' [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank) uì-tio̍h "ūn-tōo hui-hâng" / "ên-sin hâng-tîng" / "tī-khong sî-kan" ''ia̍h-sī'' **[[Collins hâng-thian|Collins hâng-then]] (Collins Aerospace) DB-110 tn̂g kī-lī EO/IR thuân-kám-khì kiap-tshong khǹg teh tiong-suàñ. <!-- Avionics --> |avionics= * [[AN/APG-68]] [[luî-ta̍t]] (radar) * [[MIL-STD-1553]] [[Bus (tiān-náu)|bus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |title=MIL-STD-1553 Avionics Bus Description. Military Standard |publisher=Interfacebus.com |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019111637/http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |archive-date=19 October 2012 }}</ref> }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|2}} *Aleshire, Peter. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MiJdPBTGPicC&pg=PR22&lpg=PR22&dq=f-16+viper+galactica&source=bl&ots=qSdTpoqrFH&sig=xS-iUBSglOTFcWK2JxRPj9q3N64&hl=en&ei=0N0eSsu8DqOytAO4pLGMCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 ''Eye of the Viper: The Making of an F-16 Pilot (Illustrated ed.)''.] [[Old Saybrook, Connecticut]]: [[Globe Pequot Press|Globe Pequot]], 2005. {{ISBN|1-59228-822-7}}. {{en}} *Aronstein, David C. and Albert C. Piccirillo. ''The Lightweight Fighter Program: A Successful Approach to Fighter Technology Transition.'' [[Reston, Virginia|Reston, VA]]: AIAA, 1996. {{ISBN|978-1-56347-193-3}}. {{en}} *Coram, Robert. ''Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War''. [[New York City|New York]]: Little, Brown, and Co., 2002. {{ISBN|0-316-88146-5}}. {{en}} *Darling, Kev. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon'' (Combat Legend). [[London]]: Airlife, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84037-399-7}}. {{en}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=978-1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden et al|2004}}|date=July 2006}} {{en}} *Frawley, Gerard. ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft''. [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly NSW]], Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|1-875671-55-2}}. {{en}} *Hampton, Dan. ''Viper Pilot: the autobiography of one of America's most decorated F-16 combat pilots''. William Morrow, 2012. {{ISBN|9780062130358}} {{en}} *Hoh, Roger H. and David G. Mitchell. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081216115422/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA128758&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf "Flying Qualities of Relaxed Static Stability Aircraft – Volume I: Flying Qualities Airworthiness Assessment and Flight Testing of Augmented Aircraft."] ''Federal Aviation Administration'' (DOT/FAA/CT-82/130-I), September 1983. Retrieved: 16 June 2008. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''F/A-18 Hornet: A Navy Success Story''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-07134-696-2}}. {{en}} *Peacock, Lindsay. ''On Falcon Wings: The F-16 Story''. [[RAF Fairford]], United Kingdom: The Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund Enterprises, 1997. {{ISBN|1-899808-01-9}}. {{en}} *Richardson, Doug. ''General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon''. London: Salamander Books, 1990. {{ISBN|0-86101-534-7}}. {{en}} *Senior, Tim. ''The AirForces Monthly Book of the F-16 Fighting Falcon''. [[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford, UK]]: [[Key Books]] Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|0-946219-60-5}}. {{en}} *Spick, Mike, ed. ''Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul, MN]]: MBI, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7603-0893-4}}. {{en}} *HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, ''Flight Manual of F-16 C/D Block50 and 52+'', June 2003. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{Refbegin|2}} *Drendel, Lou. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon – Walk Around No. 1.'' [[Carrollton, Texas]]: Squadron/[[Signal Books]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-89747-307-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. ''United States Military Aircraft of the 20th century'' London: [[Salamander Books]] Ltd, 1984. {{ISBN|0-86101-163-5}}. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Supreme Heavy-Weight Fighter''. [[Arlington, Texas]]: Aerofax, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85780-081-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Sweetman|Sweetman, Bill]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyKWYFKWP74C ''Supersonic Fighters: The F-16 Fighting Falcons''.] [[Mankato, Minnesota]]: [[Capstone Publishers|Capstone Press]], 2008. {{ISBN|1-4296-1315-7}}. {{en}} *Williams, Anthony G. and Dr. Emmanuel Gustin. ''Flying Guns: The Modern Era''. Ramsbury, UK: The [[Crowood Press]], 2004. {{ISBN|1-86126-655-3}}. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Khong-tùi-khong tō-tôaⁿ]] (Khong-tùi-khong tō-tuâñ (KKT); [[eng-gí]]: air-to-air missile (AAM); [[hàn-gí]]: 空對空導彈) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons|F-16 Fighting Falcon}} * [http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx F-16 USAF fact sheet] {{en}} * [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/f16.html F-16 page on LockheedMartin.com] and [http://www.codeonemagazine.com/f16-highlights.html F-16 articles on Code One magazine site] {{en}} * [http://www.f-16.net/ F-16.net Fighting Falcon resource] {{en}} * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-16.htm F-16 page on GlobalSecurity.org] {{en}} {{Lockheed Martin|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-e̍k hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:General Dynamics hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Lockheed Martin hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1970 nî-tāi Bí-kok chiàn-tàu-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tan-e̋njín phùn-siā-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Sûi-ì ún-tēng hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:F-16 chiàn-sún]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-ki 1974 nî siú-poe ]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Te-4-tài phùn-siā chiàn-tàu-ki]] mat4e81hdevyl1nqbu1myiizpa9cf47 3133021 3133020 2022-08-08T15:39:37Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name= F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki |image= File:F-16 June 2008.jpg |caption= Tsi̍t-tsiah [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] F-16C teh [[2008-nî]] pue-kuè [[Iraq]] ê [[soa-bo̍k|sua-bo̍k]]. |alt= Aerial view of jet aircraft, carrying cylindrical fuel tanks and ordnance, overflying desert }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type= [[To-iōng-tôo chiàn-ki|To-iōng-tôo tsèn-ki]], [[Chè-khong chiàn-tàu-ki|Tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki]] |national origin= [[Bíkok]] |manufacturer= [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (1974-1993) <br />[[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]] (1993-bo̍k-tsên) |first flight= {{Start date and age|1974|01|20|df=yes}} (kè-uē-guā) <br />{{Start date and age|1974|02|02|df=yes}} (kuan-hong-ê) |introduced= {{Start date and age|1978|08|17|df=yes}} |retired=<!--Date the aircraft left service. If vague or more than a few dates, skip this --> |status= Ho̍k-i̍k tiong |primary user= [[Bíkok Khong-kun]] (USAF)<!-- List only ONE (1) user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add those tiny flags, as they limit horizontal space. --> |more users= 25 kî-thañ [[#Operators|iōng-tsiá]] (tsham-ua̍t ''[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators|operators page]]'') |produced= 1973–2017, 2019–bo̍ktsên<ref name="Def1_F-16_line_to_SC">{{cite news |last1= Weisgerber |first1= Marcus |title= Lockheed to Move F-16 Production to South Carolina |url= https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |access-date= 28 June 2018 |work= Defense One |date= 22 March 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180623032928/https://www.defenseone.com/business/2017/03/lockheed-move-f-16-production-line-south-carolina/136365/ |archive-date= 23 June 2018}} {{en}}</ref> |number built= 4,604 ([[2018-nî]] [[6-goe̍h|6-gue̍h]])<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |access-date= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 24 November 2017 }} {{en}}</ref><ref name="bahrain">{{Cite web | url=https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | title=Lockheed Martin Awarded Contract to Build F-16 Block 70 Aircraft for Bahrain | access-date=28 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022206/https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-06-25-Lockheed-Martin-Awarded-Contract-to-Build-F-16-Block-70-Aircraft-for-Bahrain | archive-date=29 June 2018 }} {{en}}</ref> |unit cost= F-16A/B: {{US$|14.6 pah-bān}} (1998)<ref name= AF_fact_sh/> <br />F-16C/D: {{US$|18.8 million}} (1998)<ref name=AF_fact_sh /> <br />F-16V: {{US$| 121.8 million}} (2020) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/09/taiwan-secures-bargain-price-for-f-16vs/ | title=Taiwan secures bargain price for F-16Vs" }} {{en}}</ref> |variants with their own articles= {{le|X-62 VISTA chiàn-tàu-ki|General Dynamics X-62 VISTA|X-62 VISTA tsèn-tàu-ki}} |developed into= {{ubl|[[Vought Model 1600]]|[[General Dynamics F-16XL]]|[[Mitsubishi F-2]]|[[Lockheed F-21]]}} }} |} '''F-16 tsèn-[[Eng-chún|sún]] tsèn-tàu ki''' ([[ing-gú]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon (fighter aircraft)) sī [[General Dynamics|GD kong-si]] (tsit-má sī [[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed kong-si]]) gén-tsè ê khin-hîng [[Chiàn-tò͘-ki|tsèn-tàu-ki]]. Tong-tshoo sī siet-kè tsò tsi̍t-khuán tsè-khong tsèn-tàu-ki, iōng-lâi póo-tsōo [[Bí-kok Khong-kun]] (USAF) tsú-li̍k tsèn-ki F-15 tsoo-sîng kuân-kē phuè-tì. Āu-låi sîng-kong én-huà pèn-sîng tsi̍t-khuán [[To-kong-lîng chiàn-ki|to-kong-lîng tsèn-ki]] (Multirole combat aircraft), teh tsèn-ki sè-tāi siōng kui-luī tsò [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] (fourth-generation fighter). F-16 ê iu-ī sìng-lîng kap siong-tuì tshin-bîn e [[kè-siàu]] sī teh [[Su-chhut|guā-siau]] [[Chhī-tiûⁿ|tshī-tiûñ]] sîng-kong ê [[In-kó koan-hē|guân-in]] (causality), ma-si tē-4-tāi tsèn-ki tiong sán-liōng siong kuân ê ki-tsióng, luí-kè í-king [[sing-sán]] tshiau-kuè 4,604-tsiah.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |title= How the F-16 fighter jet put Fort Worth on the aerospace map |work= star-telegram.com |accessdate= 24 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124152750/http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/aviation/article186288298.html |archive-date= 2017-11-24 |dead-url= no }}</ref><ref name="bahrain"/><ref>[https://tw.news.yahoo.com/amphtml/%E8%BB%8D%E6%AD%A6-%E6%9C%80%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E8%BC%95%E5%9E%8B%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B7%9A%E6%90%AC%E5%AE%B6-f-16v%E8%A8%82%E5%96%AE%E8%B6%85%E9%81%8E200%E6%9E%B6-090249911.html 軍武“最成功輕型戰機生產線搬家F-16V訂單超過200架]2019年4月26日</ref> M̄-kuán bí-kun ê tīng-tuañ í-king sing-sán uân-sîng, m̄-kù guā-siau tshī-tiûñ iu-guân hōo i kè-sio̍k sing-sán kàu tsit-má. Kiông-kìng ê siau-liōng mā uì F-16 ê āu-sio̍k sing-kip tsah-lâi lī-to, tsìn-tsi̍t-pōo teh ho̍k-i̍k to-nî āu iu-guân huat-tén tshut tshiūñ F-16E/F, F-16V tíng-tíng ta̍t-kàu [[Tē-4-tài chiàn-tàu-ki|tē-4-tài tsèn-tàu-ki]] sìng-lîng ê ki-tsióng.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-09 |archive-date=2020-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326104810/https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0908issbf/ |dead-url=no }}</ref> F-16 ê guân-sí siet-kè sī uì [[Oa̍t-lâm Chiàn-cheng|ua̍t-tsèn]] lâi-ê [[Keng-giām|king-giām]], kiông-tiāu [[sī-ki-lâi]] (within Visual Range) [[Tîⁿ-tàu|tîñ-tàu]] (dogfight) ê lîng-li̍k. Tshái-iōng pōo-hūn siú-tshù tâu-ji̍p liōng-sán-ki ê [[Ki-su̍t-ha̍k|ki-su̍t]]: tsíng-ha̍p [[RSS]] kap [[siàn-thuân hui-khòng hē-thóng]] (Fly-by-wire (FBW)),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2020-05-10 |archive-date=2020-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701220727/https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/dca/supp_info/chicago_air_and_watershow7.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> iā sī Bí-kok siú-khuán ū lîng-li̍k tsìn-hîng 9[[g-le̍k|G]] (g-force) kuè-tsài ki-tōng ê tsèn-ki. F-16 ê kuan-hong [[bîng-tshing]] sī tsèn-sún, m̄-kū [[Hui-hêng-oân|hui-hîng-guân]] tō-í [[1978-nî]] [[tiān-sī-kio̍k]] (TV series) [[Battlestar Galactica (1978 tiān-sī-kio̍k)|Battlestar Galactica (1978 tēn-sī-kio̍k)]] (Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)) tiong [[Piáu-ián|én-tshut]] (performance) ê [[Viper Starfighter]], tō kah-i hō-bîng tsō Viper ê [[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]] (nickname).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |title=F-16 Fighting Falcon, F16, or Viper? |access-date=2007-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013091607/http://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article27.html |archive-date=2008-10-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Lî-tshiáñ bo̍k-tsên mā í-king pèn-sîng [[Lockheed Martin|guân-tshiúñ]] tshái-iōng ê kuan-hong [[Bêng-chhing|bîng-tshing]] (name). ==Sú-iōng-kok== [[File:F-16 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.8|F-16 [[kok-ka|sú-iōng-kok]] ê [[tē-tô͘|tē-tôo]], [[Lâm-sek|nâñ-sik]] piáu-sī [[Hiān-chāi|tsit-má]] F-16 ê sú-iōng-kok, tsìn-tsîng ê sú-iōng-kok iōng [[âng-sek|âng-sik]] piáu-sī.]] [[File:F-16C block 52+ fighter jet, Hellenic Air Force (November 2010).jpg|thumb|[[Hellas khong-kun]] ê F-16C block 52, tsah ū pó-hîng iû-siuñ kah sen-tsìn ê [[ti̍k-iú sik-pia̍t hē-thóng]] (IFF).]] {{main|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok}} Tsì [[2010 nî]] 7 gue̍h í-king [[Su-chhut|su-tshut]] 4,500 tsiah-e̊ F-16 kàu tsia-ê [[kok-ka]].<ref name="Lock Ready">{{cite web |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |title=Lockheed Martin F-16 Is Ready for the Future As The World's Most Advanced 4th Generation Fighter |access-date=13 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815135515/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/july/LockheedMartinF-16ReadyFo.html |archive-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=12em}} *{{flag|BHR}} *{{flag|BEL}} *{{flag|CHL}} <!-- *{{CRO}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Croatia to Buy F-16 Jets from Israel in a $500M Deal |url=http://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/33654 |website=israeldefense.co.il |publisher=IsraelDefense |access-date=3 August 2018 |language=en |date=29 March 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|DEN}} *{{flag|EGY}} *{{flag|GRC}} *{{flag|ISR}} *{{flag|IDN}} *{{flag|IRQ}} *{{flag|JOR}} *{{flag|MAR}} *{{flag|NLD}} *{{flag|NOR}} *{{flag|OMN}} *{{flag|PAK}} *{{flag|POL}} *{{flag|POR}} *{{flag|ROU}} *{{flag|SGP}} <!-- *{{SVK}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Slovakia Approves Purchase of F-16 Fighter Jets From US |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/07/11/world/europe/ap-eu-slovakia-f-16s.html |website=nytimes.com |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=12 July 2018 |language=en |date=11 July 2018}}</ref> --> *{{flag|KOR}} *{{flag|THA}} *{{flag|TUR}} *{{flag|TWN}} *{{flag|UAE}} *{{flag|USA}} *{{flag|VEN}} {{Div col end}}<!-- Further details covered in [[F-16 Fighting Falcon operators]]. --> ===Tsìn-tsîng sú-iōng-kok=== * {{ITA}} – Uì 2001 nî kàu 2012 nî, [[Itali khong-kun]] uì [[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] suè beh 30 tsiah ê F-16A kap F-16B.<ref>Shamim, Asif. [http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html "Italian F-16 'Peace Caesar' program comes to an end."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603043901/http://www.f-16.net/news_article4581.html |date=3 June 2012}} F-16.net, 24 May 2012.</ref> ==Tsu-guân (F-16C Block 50 kap 52)== [[File:GENERAL DYNAMICS F-16 FIGHTING FALCON.svg|frameless|right|upright=1.5]] [[File:F16_vertical_climb.png|thumb|right|F-16 [[Sûi-ti̍t|khia-ti̍t]] pê-sing kuè-tîng tiong té-bīn ê sī-tôo.]] [[File:B61 in Weapons Storage and Security System.jpg|thumb|[[Bú-khì tû-chûn kap an-choân hē-thóng|Bú-khì an-tsuân tû-tsûn hē-thóng]] ê pó-hiám kuà-kè pó-tshî teh siōng-sing ê uī-tì, koh tiàu-kuà tsi̍t-e̊ [[B61 he̍k-tôaⁿ|B61 hi̍k-tuâñ]], piñ-å ū tsi̍t tsiah F-16 tsèn-ki. Pó-hiám kuà-kè khng-teh [[Ngē-hòa hui-ki iám-thé|ngē-huà hui-ki iám-thé]] ê lāi-té.]] {{Aircraft specs |ref=[[Bí-kok Khong-kun|USAF]] ê [[Bûn-kiāⁿ|bûn-kiāñ]] ,<ref name=AF_fact_sh>{{cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |title=F-16 Fact Sheet |publisher=U.S. Air Force |date=23 September 2015 |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129162437/http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx |archive-date=29 January 2017 }}</ref> kok-tsè kun-iōng hui-ki bo̍k-lo̍k,<ref name=Frawley_Military>Frawley 2002, p. 114.</ref> F-16C/D Block 50/52+ ê [[Hui-ki hui-hêng chhiú-chheh|hui-hîng tshiú-tsheh]] tíng-tíng sóo-tsāi lâi-e̊.<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003. {{en}}</ref> |prime units?=kts <!-- It-puañ tsu-guân --> |genhide= |crew=1-lâng (A/C/E), 2-lâng (B/D/F) |length ft=49 |length in=5 |length note= |span ft=32 |span in=8 |span note= |height ft=16 |height in= |height note= |wing area sqft=300 |wing area note= |aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |airfoil=[[NACA airfoil|NACA 64A204]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326174850/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |archive-date=26 March 2019 }}</ref> |empty weight lb=18900 |empty weight note= |gross weight lb=26500 |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight lb=42300 |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity={{convert|7000|lb|kg}} lāi-pōo.<ref name=AF_fact_sh/> |more general= <!-- E̋n-jín --> |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=[[General Electric F110]]-GE-129 |eng1 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 50 ê [[pán-pún]]) |eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng1 lbf=17155 |eng1 note= |power original= |thrust original= |eng1 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng1 lbf-ab=29500 |eng2 number=1 |eng2 name=[[Pratt & Whitney F100]]-PW-229 |eng2 type=[[Turbofan|āu-jiân turbofan]] (sik-iōng Block 52 ê pán-pún) |eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 shp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |eng2 lbf=17800 |eng2 note= |eng2 kn-ab=<!-- ka āu-jiân-khì thui-li̍k --> |eng2 lbf-ab=29160 <!-- Hui-ki sìng-lîng --> |perfhide= |max speed kts= |max speed note= |max speed mach=2.05&nbsp;{{cvt|1145|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh 40,000 feet, bô tsóo-gāi<ref name=Frawley_Military/> **Mach 1.2, {{cvt|800|kn|mph km/h|0}} teh [[Hái-pêng-bīn|hái-pîng-bīn]]<ref name=Frawley_Military/> |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |never exceed speed kts= |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range nmi= |range note= |combat range nmi=295 |combat range note=tsi̍t-ê kuân-kē-kuân līm-bū tsah 4 × {{cvt|1000|lb|0}} [[Chà-tuâⁿ|tsà-tuâñ]]. |ferry range nmi=2277 |ferry range note= tsah [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank). |endurance=<!-- Nā-tsún kī-lī m̄ tsai-iáñ --> |ceiling ft=50000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon/|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon|website=U.S. Air Force}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/f-16.htm|title=F-16 Fighting Falcon - Military Aircraft|website=fas.org}}</ref> |ceiling note=plus |g limits=+9.0 |roll rate=<!-- ti̍k-ki hui-hîng --> |climb rate ftmin=72000<ref>HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, Flight Manual of F-16C/D Block 50 and 52+, June 2003.</ref> |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |wing loading lb/sqft=88.3 |wing loading note= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |power/mass= |thrust/weight=1.095 (1.24 ū muá-tsài [[tāng-liōng]] & 50% lāi-pōo [[jiân-liāu|jên-liāu]] (fuel))<ref>Thrust (28,600) / Loaded weight with 50% internal fuel (23,000)</ref> |more performance= <!-- Bú-khì tsong-pī --> |guns=1 × [[20 mm caliber|20 mm (0.787 in)]] [[M61 Vulcan|M61A1 Vulcan]] [[Rotary cannon#M61 Vulcan and other designs|6-barrel rotary cannon]], 511 [[Chhèng-chí|huat]]. |hardpoints= 2 × i̍k-tsiam khong tuì khong [[tō-tôaⁿ|hui-tuâñ]] huat-siā-kè, 6-è ki-i̍k hā kah 3-ê ki-sin hā ê kuà-kè (thuân-kám-khì sī 3-ê tiong ê 2-ê) tsah ū tsi̍t-ê siōng tuā kàu {{convert|17000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} ê thú-tsûn khong-kan. |rockets=<br> **4 × LAU-61/LAU-68 [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]] gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 19/7 × [[Hydra 70]] mm/[[APKWS]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |title=U.S. Air Force Deploys APKWS Laser-Guided Rockets on F-16s |date=8 June 2016 |website=baesystems.com |publisher=BAE |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611120557/http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/article/us-air-force-deploys-apkws-laser-guided-rockets-on-f-16s |archive-date=11 June 2016 }}</ref> hué-tsìñ, kò-pia̍t) **4 × LAU-5003 hué-tsìñ kiap-tshong (ta̍k ê tsah 19 × [[CRV7]] 70 mm hué-tsìñ) **4 × LAU-10 hué-tsìñ gia̍p-tshng (ta̍k ê tsah 4 × [[Zuni (rocket)|Zuni]] 127 [[mm]] [[Hóe-chìⁿ|hué-tsìñ]]) |missiles=<br> ** [[Khong tùi khong tō-tōaⁿ|Khong tùi khong tō-tuâñ]] (khong-tuì-khong tō-tuâñ): ***6 × [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] ***6 × [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] ***6 × [[IRIS-T]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-4]] ***6 × [[Python (missile)|Python-5]] ** [[Air-to-surface missile]]: ***6 × [[AGM-65 Maverick]] ***2 × [[AGM-88 HARM]] *** [[AGM-158 JASSM|AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile]] (JASSM) ***4 × [[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon]] (JSOW) ** [[Anti-ship missile]]: ***2 × [[Boeing Harpoon|AGM-84 Harpoon]] ***4 × [[Penguin missile|AGM-119 Penguin]] |bombs=<br> **8 × [[CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition]] **8 × [[GATOR mine system|CBU-89 Gator mine]] **8 × [[CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon]] **4 × {{le|Mark 84 he̍k-tān|Mark 84 bomb|Mark 84 hi̍k-tān}} thong-iōng tsà-tuâñ. **8 × {{le|Mark 83 he̍k-tān|Mark 83 bomb|Mark 83 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **12 × {{le|Mark 82 he̍k-tān|Mark 82 bomb|Mark 82 hi̍k-tān}} GP tsà-tuâñ. **8 × [[GBU-39 SDB|GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb]] (SDB) **4 × [[GBU-10 Paveway II]] **6 × [[GBU-12 Paveway II]] **4 × [[GBU-24 Paveway III]] **4 × [[GBU-27 Paveway III]] **4 × [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) hē-le̽t。 ** [[Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser]] (WCMD) ** {{le|B61 he̍k-tān|B61 nuclear bomb|B61 hi̍k-tān}} ** {{le|B83 he̍k-tān|B83 nuclear bomb|B83 hi̍k-tān}} *'''Kî-thañ tsong-pī:''' **SUU-42A/A [[Flare (countermeasure)|Flares/Infrared decoys]] iā-suánn-khì gia̍p-tshng kap [[chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' **AN/ALQ-131 & AN/ALQ-184 [[electronic countermeasures|ECM]] gia̍p-tshng ''ia̍h-sī'' ** [[LANTIRN]], [[Lockheed Martin Sniper XR]] & [[LITENING targeting pod]]s ''ia̍h-sī'' **Up to 3 × 300/330/370/600 US [[gallon]] ''[[Sargent Fletcher]]'' [[Ē-tàn-sek iû-siuⁿ|ē-tàn-sik iû-siuñ]] (drop tank) uì-tio̍h "ūn-tōo hui-hâng" / "ên-sin hâng-tîng" / "tī-khong sî-kan" ''ia̍h-sī'' **[[Collins hâng-thian|Collins hâng-then]] (Collins Aerospace) DB-110 tn̂g kī-lī EO/IR thuân-kám-khì kiap-tshong khǹg teh tiong-suàñ. <!-- Avionics --> |avionics= * [[AN/APG-68]] [[luî-ta̍t]] (radar) * [[MIL-STD-1553]] [[Bus (tiān-náu)|bus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |title=MIL-STD-1553 Avionics Bus Description. Military Standard |publisher=Interfacebus.com |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019111637/http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_1553.html |archive-date=19 October 2012 }}</ref> }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|2}} *Aleshire, Peter. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MiJdPBTGPicC&pg=PR22&lpg=PR22&dq=f-16+viper+galactica&source=bl&ots=qSdTpoqrFH&sig=xS-iUBSglOTFcWK2JxRPj9q3N64&hl=en&ei=0N0eSsu8DqOytAO4pLGMCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 ''Eye of the Viper: The Making of an F-16 Pilot (Illustrated ed.)''.] [[Old Saybrook, Connecticut]]: [[Globe Pequot Press|Globe Pequot]], 2005. {{ISBN|1-59228-822-7}}. {{en}} *Aronstein, David C. and Albert C. Piccirillo. ''The Lightweight Fighter Program: A Successful Approach to Fighter Technology Transition.'' [[Reston, Virginia|Reston, VA]]: AIAA, 1996. {{ISBN|978-1-56347-193-3}}. {{en}} *Coram, Robert. ''Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War''. [[New York City|New York]]: Little, Brown, and Co., 2002. {{ISBN|0-316-88146-5}}. {{en}} *Darling, Kev. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon'' (Combat Legend). [[London]]: Airlife, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84037-399-7}}. {{en}} *{{cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=978-1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden et al|2004}}|date=July 2006}} {{en}} *Frawley, Gerard. ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft''. [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly NSW]], Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|1-875671-55-2}}. {{en}} *Hampton, Dan. ''Viper Pilot: the autobiography of one of America's most decorated F-16 combat pilots''. William Morrow, 2012. {{ISBN|9780062130358}} {{en}} *Hoh, Roger H. and David G. Mitchell. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081216115422/http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA128758&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf "Flying Qualities of Relaxed Static Stability Aircraft – Volume I: Flying Qualities Airworthiness Assessment and Flight Testing of Augmented Aircraft."] ''Federal Aviation Administration'' (DOT/FAA/CT-82/130-I), September 1983. Retrieved: 16 June 2008. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''F/A-18 Hornet: A Navy Success Story''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-07134-696-2}}. {{en}} *Peacock, Lindsay. ''On Falcon Wings: The F-16 Story''. [[RAF Fairford]], United Kingdom: The Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund Enterprises, 1997. {{ISBN|1-899808-01-9}}. {{en}} *Richardson, Doug. ''General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon''. London: Salamander Books, 1990. {{ISBN|0-86101-534-7}}. {{en}} *Senior, Tim. ''The AirForces Monthly Book of the F-16 Fighting Falcon''. [[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford, UK]]: [[Key Books]] Ltd, 2002. {{ISBN|0-946219-60-5}}. {{en}} *Spick, Mike, ed. ''Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul, MN]]: MBI, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7603-0893-4}}. {{en}} *HAF SERIES AIRCRAFT, ''Flight Manual of F-16 C/D Block50 and 52+'', June 2003. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{Refbegin|2}} *Drendel, Lou. ''F-16 Fighting Falcon – Walk Around No. 1.'' [[Carrollton, Texas]]: Squadron/[[Signal Books]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-89747-307-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. ''United States Military Aircraft of the 20th century'' London: [[Salamander Books]] Ltd, 1984. {{ISBN|0-86101-163-5}}. {{en}} *Jenkins, Dennis R. ''McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Supreme Heavy-Weight Fighter''. [[Arlington, Texas]]: Aerofax, 1998. {{ISBN|1-85780-081-8}}. {{en}} * [[Bill Sweetman|Sweetman, Bill]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZyKWYFKWP74C ''Supersonic Fighters: The F-16 Fighting Falcons''.] [[Mankato, Minnesota]]: [[Capstone Publishers|Capstone Press]], 2008. {{ISBN|1-4296-1315-7}}. {{en}} *Williams, Anthony G. and Dr. Emmanuel Gustin. ''Flying Guns: The Modern Era''. Ramsbury, UK: The [[Crowood Press]], 2004. {{ISBN|1-86126-655-3}}. {{en}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *[[Khong-tùi-khong tō-tān]] (Khong-tùi-khong tō-tuâñ (KKT); [[Ing-gú]]: air-to-air missile (AAM); [[hàn-gú]]: 空對空導彈) ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons|F-16 Fighting Falcon}} * [http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104505/f-16-fighting-falcon.aspx F-16 USAF fact sheet] {{en}} * [http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/f16.html F-16 page on LockheedMartin.com] and [http://www.codeonemagazine.com/f16-highlights.html F-16 articles on Code One magazine site] {{en}} * [http://www.f-16.net/ F-16.net Fighting Falcon resource] {{en}} * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-16.htm F-16 page on GlobalSecurity.org] {{en}} {{Lockheed Martin|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiong-e̍k hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:General Dynamics hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Lockheed Martin hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1970 nî-tāi Bí-kok chiàn-tàu-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tan-e̋njín phùn-siā-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Sûi-ì ún-tēng hui-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:F-16 chiàn-sún]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Hui-ki 1974 nî siú-poe ]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Te-4-tài phùn-siā chiàn-tàu-ki]] spbzvoz8akaeb4tusemxzx09prz0oyh Ingenuity ti̍t-seng-ki 0 1074471 3133248 3132887 2022-08-09T11:29:28Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Iáñ-phìñ */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === ''<small>Ti̍t-tsiap tiám-kik {{le|Sok-tô͘|Thumbnail|sok-tôo}} tō ē-tàng kā tôo-siōng hòng-tuā.</small>'' {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''<sup>210</sup> is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ===Huat-tén=== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Tsù-sik== {{notelist}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 8pc6egzb2mpfxjml2t3wp3uzeii37q8 Pang-bô͘:Rail-interchange/doc/TW 10 1075581 3133173 3120532 2022-08-09T06:30:08Z Wikijb 35187 thâi-tiāu Ke-lâng Chia̍t-ūn, Siā-á Thian-bú Khin-kúi wikitext text/x-wiki == Chú-iàu Hē-thóng == {| class="wikitable" |- !Lō͘-sòaⁿ||Hián-sī||Code |- | [[Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k|Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘]]||{{Rint|tw|tra}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|tra}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tâi-oân Ko-sok Thih-lō͘]]||{{Rint|tw|thsr}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|thsr}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|tpm}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|tpm}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|ntm}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|ntm}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|tym}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|tym}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|tcm}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|tcm}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|ksm}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|ksm}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ka-gī Kong-chhia Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|cybrt}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|cybrt}}</nowiki></code> |} == Lō͘-sòaⁿ == {| class="wikitable" |- !Lō͘-sòaⁿ||Hián-sī||Code |- !colspan="3"|Tâi-pak-chhī |- | [[Bûn-ô͘ Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|BR}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|BR}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|R}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|R}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|G}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|G}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|O}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|O}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Pang-lâm Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|BL}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|BL}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn)|Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|Y}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|Y}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Sin-pak-tâu Chi-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|Rb}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|Rb}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Sió-phek-thâm Chi-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|Gb}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|Gb}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Bâ-khang Lám-chhia]]||{{Rint|taipei|gondola}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|gondola}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Bān-tâi Tiong-hô Chhiū-nâ-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|LG}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|LG}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Bîn-seng Se̍k-chí Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|SB}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|SB}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- !colspan="3"|Sin-pak-chhī |- | [[Tām-hái Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|V}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|V}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Sam-eng Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|LB}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|LB}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[An-kheⁿ Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|K}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|K}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Chhim-kheⁿ Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|S}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|S}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Gō͘-kó͘ Thài-san Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|F}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|F}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- !colspan="3"|Thô-hn̂g-chhī |- | [[Thô-hn̂g Ki-tiûⁿ Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|taoyuan|airport}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taoyuan|airport}}</nowiki></code> <br> <code><nowiki>{{Rint|taoyuan|A}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ|Le̍k-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taoyuan|G}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taoyuan|G}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Chang-sòaⁿ|Chang-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taoyuan|BR}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taoyuan|BR}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- !colspan="3"|Tâi-tiong-chhī |- | [[Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ|Le̍k-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taichung|G}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taichung|G}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- !colspan="3"|Ko-hiông-chhī |- | [[Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Âng-sòaⁿ|Âng-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|kaohsiung|R}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|kaohsiung|R}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Kiat-sòaⁿ|Kiat-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|kaohsiung|O}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|kaohsiung|O}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ko-hiông Khoân-chōng Khin-kúi|Khoân-chōng Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|kaohsiung|C}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|kaohsiung|C}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn N̂g-sòaⁿ|N̂g-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|kaohsiung|Y}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|kaohsiung|Y}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- |- |} 0cuag52b4od16fkm4nvzkpp5wnlzwk8 3133176 3133173 2022-08-09T06:51:16Z Wikijb 35187 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chú-iàu Hē-thóng == {| class="wikitable" |- !Lō͘-sòaⁿ||Hián-sī||Code |- | [[Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘ Koán-lí-kio̍k|Tâi-oân Thih-lō͘]]||{{Rint|tw|tra}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|tra}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tâi-oân Ko-sok Thih-lō͘]]||{{Rint|tw|thsr}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|thsr}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|tpm}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|tpm}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|ntm}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|ntm}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|tym}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|tym}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|tcm}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|tcm}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|ksm}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|ksm}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ka-gī Kong-chhia Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|tw|cbrt}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|tw|cbrt}}</nowiki></code> |} == Lō͘-sòaⁿ == {| class="wikitable" |- !Lō͘-sòaⁿ||Hián-sī||Code |- !colspan="3"|Tâi-pak-chhī |- | [[Bûn-ô͘ Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|BR}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|BR}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tām-chúi Sìn-gī Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|R}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|R}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Siông-san Sin-tiàm Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|G}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|G}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Tiong-hô Sin-lô͘ Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|O}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|O}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Pang-lâm Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|BL}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|BL}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ (Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn)|Khoân-chōng-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|Y}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|Y}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Sin-pak-tâu Chi-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|Rb}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|Rb}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Sió-phek-thâm Chi-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|Gb}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|Gb}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Bâ-khang Lám-chhia]]||{{Rint|taipei|gondola}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|gondola}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Bān-tâi Tiong-hô Chhiū-nâ-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|LG}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|LG}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Bîn-seng Se̍k-chí Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taipei|SB}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taipei|SB}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- !colspan="3"|Sin-pak-chhī |- | [[Tām-hái Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|V}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|V}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Sam-eng Sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|LB}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|LB}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[An-kheⁿ Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|K}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|K}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Chhim-kheⁿ Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|S}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|S}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Gō͘-kó͘ Thài-san Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|newtaipei|F}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|newtaipei|F}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Sin-pak Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- !colspan="3"|Thô-hn̂g-chhī |- | [[Thô-hn̂g Ki-tiûⁿ Chia̍t-ūn]]||{{Rint|taoyuan|airport}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taoyuan|airport}}</nowiki></code> <br> <code><nowiki>{{Rint|taoyuan|A}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ|Le̍k-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taoyuan|G}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taoyuan|G}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn Chang-sòaⁿ|Chang-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taoyuan|BR}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taoyuan|BR}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Thô-hn̂g Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- !colspan="3"|Tâi-tiong-chhī |- | [[Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn Le̍k-sòaⁿ|Le̍k-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|taichung|G}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|taichung|G}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Tâi-tiong Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- !colspan="3"|Ko-hiông-chhī |- | [[Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Âng-sòaⁿ|Âng-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|kaohsiung|R}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|kaohsiung|R}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn Kiat-sòaⁿ|Kiat-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|kaohsiung|O}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|kaohsiung|O}}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ko-hiông Khoân-chōng Khin-kúi|Khoân-chōng Khin-kúi]]||{{Rint|kaohsiung|C}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|kaohsiung|C}</nowiki></code> |- | [[Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn N̂g-sòaⁿ|N̂g-sòaⁿ]]||{{Rint|kaohsiung|Y}}||<code><nowiki>{{Rint|kaohsiung|Y}}</nowiki></code> |- |colspan="3" style="text-align:center"|'''Khòaⁿ'''：[[Template:Ko-hiông Chia̍t-ūn lō͘-sòaⁿ-miâ]] |- |- |} dsjyn8lgtcur6xy0izyyu46kgl4m3h7 ₭ 0 1078223 3133045 3126341 2022-08-08T17:31:37Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox grapheme |name=₭ (K {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]) |letter=₭ <s>k</s> |variations= |image= Kip symbol.svg |imagesize=200px |imagealt= K [[hû-hō]] |script=[[Latin jī-bó]] |type=[[Jī-bó]] |typedesc= |language={{le|Saanich-gú|Saanich dialect}}<br>[[Láu-o kip]] |phonemes=[{{IPA|k̠ʷʼ}}]<br />[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|[kʰ]]] |unicode=U+A7CE, U+A7CF |alphanumber= |number= |fam1= |fam2= |fam3= |fam4= |fam5= |fam6= |fam7= |fam8= |fam9= }} '''₭''' ({{le|jī-bó tāi-siáu siá|Letter case|siáu-siá}}: '''<s>k</s>'''; (K/k {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]), ing-gí: ₭/<s>k</s> with a bar or K/k with stroke) sī ên-sin [[latin jī-bó]] ê {{le|piàn-thé (gí-giân-ha̍k)|Variety (linguistics)|pèn-thé}} tsi-it, kiò-tsò hù-ka huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]] ê K/ (₭/<s>k</s>) ==Im-ti̍k== ₭/<s>k</s> in thong-siông ê {{le|im-ti̍k|Note value}} piáu-sī {{le|Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshing nńg-kok sat-im}} {{le|chin-im-huà|Labialization|tsin-im-huà}} {{le|chek-hiôu-im|Ejective consonant|tsik-hiôu-im}} {{le|siong-tuì tiâu-im-im|Relative articulation|huê-thuè-im}} {{IPA|/k̠ʷʼ/}}; <ref name=sannichalpha>Saanich Language,"How to pronounce SENĆOŦEN"[http://saanich.montler.net/say/index.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://saanich.montler.net/say/index.htm |date=20210828085231 }}, ho̍k-tshú 2022-03-04.</ref> Mā iōng-tsò [[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshhing nńg-kok sat-im]] /k/ ê {{le|sàng-khì hù-im|Aspirated consonant|sàng-khì}} [[Ho͘-im|im]] /kʰ/ (khe). ==Li̍k-sú iân-kik== {{le|Saanich-gí|Saanich dialect}} ê tsiàñ-gí huat sī-iû Dave Elliott teh 1978-nî sóo tshòng-kèn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bclearningnetwork.com/LOR/media/fns12/pdf/Module4/4.5%20Case%20Studies%20of%20Aboriginal%20Language%20Programs.pdf |title=Dave Elliott and the SENÇOÎEN Alphabet |access-date=2021-09-02 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415144154/http://bclearningnetwork.com/LOR/media/fns12/pdf/Module4/4.5%20Case%20Studies%20of%20Aboriginal%20Language%20Programs.pdf }}</ref> piáu-sī {{le|Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshing nńg-kok sat-im}} {{le|chin-im-huà|Labialization|tsin-im-huà}} {{le|chek-hiôu-im|Ejective consonant|tsik-hiôu-im}} {{le|siong-tuì tiâu-im-im|Relative articulation|huê-thuè-im}} {{IPA|/k̠ʷʼ/}}. līng-guā [[Láu-o kip]] (kip; hû-hō: ₭ hi̍k ₭N; ເງີນກີບລາວ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kip|title=Definition of KIP|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=2021-09-02|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126133218/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kip|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAnheeIPcAEC&q=kip+ingot+lao&pg=PA688|title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: Eleventh Edition|first1=Merriam-Webster|last1=Inc|first2=Merriam-webster|last2=Staff|date=June 19, 2004|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=9780877798095|via=Google Books|access-date=2021-09-02|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126133214/https://books.google.com/books?id=TAnheeIPcAEC&q=kip+ingot+lao&pg=PA688|dead-url=no}}</ref>) sī [[Láu-o]] uì 1952-nî khai-sí ê huâ-ting liû-thong huè-pè, iû {{le|Láu-o jîn-bîn bîn-tsú kiōng-hô-kok gîn-hâng|Bank of the Lao P.D.R.}} sóo huat-hîng. ₭ teh ISO 4217 huè-pè pen-hō sī LAK。 ==Kè-sǹg tāi-bé== ₭/<s>k</s> (K/k {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]) ē-tàng iōng i-hā ê [[Unicode]] {{le|jī-hû|Character (computing)}} ([[Latin jī-bó]]), [[UTF-8]] hām {{le|Jī-hû ti̍k ín-iōng|Numeric character reference}} tíng-tíng [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] lâi piáu-sī. ₭ ê Unicode [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] sī U+20AD tuā-siá jī-bó ₭ (K tsah huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]])<ref>[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U20A0.pdf Unicode: Currency Symbols (Range: 20A0–20CF)]</ref>; ₭ ê sió-siá jī-bó <s>k</s> (k hù-ka huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]]) bô piau-tsún-huà ê kè-sǹg pen-bé piáu-sī-sik; iú-kuan ₭ ê tuā-siá jī-bó tō tsiām-sî hù-û pen-bé tsò U+A7CE, ₭ ê sió-siá <s>k</s> tō tsiām-sî hù-û pen-bé tsò U+A7CF.<ref>Unicode,"Latin Extended-D--Range: A720–A7FF"[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf]],The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, ho̍k-tshú 05 3-gue̍h 2022.</ref> Tshiañ tsham-ua̍t i-hā ê Unicode [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] {{le|piau-tuaⁿ|Form (document)|piau-tuañ}}. {{charmap |A7CE|name1=Latin tuā-siá jī-bó<br/>₭ (K hù-ka huâiñ jī-ue̍h) |A7CF|name2=Latin sió-siá jī-bó<br/><s>k</s> (k hù-ka huâiñ jī-ue̍h) }} ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[N (hù-ka hoâiⁿ jī-oe̍h)]] *{{le|Unicode jī-hû lia̍t-toaⁿ|List of Unicode characters}} (Unicode jī-hû le̍t-tuañ/List of Unicode characters) *{{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks}} (tsoo-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō/Combining Diacritical Marks) *{{le|Tō͘-ká-chhun|Resort}} (tōo-ká-tshun/Resort) *{{le|Bô-pian-kài tî|Infinity pool}} (bô-pen-kài tî/Infinity pool) *{{le|Chhâi-oân|Layoff}} (tshâi-uân/Layoff) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} *[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf Latin Extended-D--Range: A720–A7FF The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0] {{en}} *[http://graphemica.com/₭ kip sign ₭] {{Wayback|url=http://graphemica.com/%E2%82%AD |date=20220206053745 }} {{en}} *{{Scriptsource|20AD|}} {{en}} *[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/ Unicode - Compart] {{Wayback|url=https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/ |date=20220213170709 }} {{en}} *[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+20AD “₭” U+20AD Latin Capital Letter K with Bar Unicode Character] {{en}}{{Wayback|url=https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+20AD |date=20210902180228 }} {{en}} *[http://saanich.montler.net/ Saanich Language] {{Wayback|url=http://saanich.montler.net/ |date=20220202055024 }} {{en}} *[https://itservices.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/Outline/index.htm An Outline of the Morphology and Phonology of Saanich] {{en}}{{Wayback|url=https://itservices.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/Outline/index.htm |date=20220120151830 }} {{en}} {{div col end}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kilil jī-bó hù-ka piàn-im hû-hō]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Gí-im choán-siá hû-hō]] tie1rsz3ey78ijdptxtsxkq19exe1w8 3133046 3133045 2022-08-08T17:32:25Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Im-ti̍k */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox grapheme |name=₭ (K {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]) |letter=₭ <s>k</s> |variations= |image= Kip symbol.svg |imagesize=200px |imagealt= K [[hû-hō]] |script=[[Latin jī-bó]] |type=[[Jī-bó]] |typedesc= |language={{le|Saanich-gú|Saanich dialect}}<br>[[Láu-o kip]] |phonemes=[{{IPA|k̠ʷʼ}}]<br />[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|[kʰ]]] |unicode=U+A7CE, U+A7CF |alphanumber= |number= |fam1= |fam2= |fam3= |fam4= |fam5= |fam6= |fam7= |fam8= |fam9= }} '''₭''' ({{le|jī-bó tāi-siáu siá|Letter case|siáu-siá}}: '''<s>k</s>'''; (K/k {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]), ing-gí: ₭/<s>k</s> with a bar or K/k with stroke) sī ên-sin [[latin jī-bó]] ê {{le|piàn-thé (gí-giân-ha̍k)|Variety (linguistics)|pèn-thé}} tsi-it, kiò-tsò hù-ka huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]] ê K/ (₭/<s>k</s>) ==Im-ti̍k== ₭/<s>k</s> in thong-siông ê {{le|im-ti̍k|Note value}} piáu-sī {{le|Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshing nńg-kok sat-im}} {{le|chin-im-huà|Labialization|tsin-im-huà}} {{le|chek-hiôu-im|Ejective consonant|tsik-hiôu-im}} {{le|siong-tuì tiâu-im|Relative articulation|huê-thuè-im}} {{IPA|/k̠ʷʼ/}}; <ref name=sannichalpha>Saanich Language,"How to pronounce SENĆOŦEN"[http://saanich.montler.net/say/index.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://saanich.montler.net/say/index.htm |date=20210828085231 }}, ho̍k-tshú 2022-03-04.</ref> Mā iōng-tsò [[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshhing nńg-kok sat-im]] /k/ ê {{le|sàng-khì hù-im|Aspirated consonant|sàng-khì}} [[Ho͘-im|im]] /kʰ/ (khe). ==Li̍k-sú iân-kik== {{le|Saanich-gí|Saanich dialect}} ê tsiàñ-gí huat sī-iû Dave Elliott teh 1978-nî sóo tshòng-kèn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bclearningnetwork.com/LOR/media/fns12/pdf/Module4/4.5%20Case%20Studies%20of%20Aboriginal%20Language%20Programs.pdf |title=Dave Elliott and the SENÇOÎEN Alphabet |access-date=2021-09-02 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415144154/http://bclearningnetwork.com/LOR/media/fns12/pdf/Module4/4.5%20Case%20Studies%20of%20Aboriginal%20Language%20Programs.pdf }}</ref> piáu-sī {{le|Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshing nńg-kok sat-im}} {{le|chin-im-huà|Labialization|tsin-im-huà}} {{le|chek-hiôu-im|Ejective consonant|tsik-hiôu-im}} {{le|siong-tuì tiâu-im-im|Relative articulation|huê-thuè-im}} {{IPA|/k̠ʷʼ/}}. līng-guā [[Láu-o kip]] (kip; hû-hō: ₭ hi̍k ₭N; ເງີນກີບລາວ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kip|title=Definition of KIP|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=2021-09-02|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126133218/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kip|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAnheeIPcAEC&q=kip+ingot+lao&pg=PA688|title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: Eleventh Edition|first1=Merriam-Webster|last1=Inc|first2=Merriam-webster|last2=Staff|date=June 19, 2004|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=9780877798095|via=Google Books|access-date=2021-09-02|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126133214/https://books.google.com/books?id=TAnheeIPcAEC&q=kip+ingot+lao&pg=PA688|dead-url=no}}</ref>) sī [[Láu-o]] uì 1952-nî khai-sí ê huâ-ting liû-thong huè-pè, iû {{le|Láu-o jîn-bîn bîn-tsú kiōng-hô-kok gîn-hâng|Bank of the Lao P.D.R.}} sóo huat-hîng. ₭ teh ISO 4217 huè-pè pen-hō sī LAK。 ==Kè-sǹg tāi-bé== ₭/<s>k</s> (K/k {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]) ē-tàng iōng i-hā ê [[Unicode]] {{le|jī-hû|Character (computing)}} ([[Latin jī-bó]]), [[UTF-8]] hām {{le|Jī-hû ti̍k ín-iōng|Numeric character reference}} tíng-tíng [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] lâi piáu-sī. ₭ ê Unicode [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] sī U+20AD tuā-siá jī-bó ₭ (K tsah huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]])<ref>[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U20A0.pdf Unicode: Currency Symbols (Range: 20A0–20CF)]</ref>; ₭ ê sió-siá jī-bó <s>k</s> (k hù-ka huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]]) bô piau-tsún-huà ê kè-sǹg pen-bé piáu-sī-sik; iú-kuan ₭ ê tuā-siá jī-bó tō tsiām-sî hù-û pen-bé tsò U+A7CE, ₭ ê sió-siá <s>k</s> tō tsiām-sî hù-û pen-bé tsò U+A7CF.<ref>Unicode,"Latin Extended-D--Range: A720–A7FF"[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf]],The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, ho̍k-tshú 05 3-gue̍h 2022.</ref> Tshiañ tsham-ua̍t i-hā ê Unicode [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] {{le|piau-tuaⁿ|Form (document)|piau-tuañ}}. {{charmap |A7CE|name1=Latin tuā-siá jī-bó<br/>₭ (K hù-ka huâiñ jī-ue̍h) |A7CF|name2=Latin sió-siá jī-bó<br/><s>k</s> (k hù-ka huâiñ jī-ue̍h) }} ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[N (hù-ka hoâiⁿ jī-oe̍h)]] *{{le|Unicode jī-hû lia̍t-toaⁿ|List of Unicode characters}} (Unicode jī-hû le̍t-tuañ/List of Unicode characters) *{{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks}} (tsoo-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō/Combining Diacritical Marks) *{{le|Tō͘-ká-chhun|Resort}} (tōo-ká-tshun/Resort) *{{le|Bô-pian-kài tî|Infinity pool}} (bô-pen-kài tî/Infinity pool) *{{le|Chhâi-oân|Layoff}} (tshâi-uân/Layoff) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} *[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf Latin Extended-D--Range: A720–A7FF The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0] {{en}} *[http://graphemica.com/₭ kip sign ₭] {{Wayback|url=http://graphemica.com/%E2%82%AD |date=20220206053745 }} {{en}} *{{Scriptsource|20AD|}} {{en}} *[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/ Unicode - Compart] {{Wayback|url=https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/ |date=20220213170709 }} {{en}} *[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+20AD “₭” U+20AD Latin Capital Letter K with Bar Unicode Character] {{en}}{{Wayback|url=https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+20AD |date=20210902180228 }} {{en}} *[http://saanich.montler.net/ Saanich Language] {{Wayback|url=http://saanich.montler.net/ |date=20220202055024 }} {{en}} *[https://itservices.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/Outline/index.htm An Outline of the Morphology and Phonology of Saanich] {{en}}{{Wayback|url=https://itservices.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/Outline/index.htm |date=20220120151830 }} {{en}} {{div col end}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kilil jī-bó hù-ka piàn-im hû-hō]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Gí-im choán-siá hû-hō]] ejqdfckh7u86wuad4mivh0exvkf1849 3133047 3133046 2022-08-08T17:33:03Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Li̍k-sú iân-kik */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox grapheme |name=₭ (K {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]) |letter=₭ <s>k</s> |variations= |image= Kip symbol.svg |imagesize=200px |imagealt= K [[hû-hō]] |script=[[Latin jī-bó]] |type=[[Jī-bó]] |typedesc= |language={{le|Saanich-gú|Saanich dialect}}<br>[[Láu-o kip]] |phonemes=[{{IPA|k̠ʷʼ}}]<br />[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|[kʰ]]] |unicode=U+A7CE, U+A7CF |alphanumber= |number= |fam1= |fam2= |fam3= |fam4= |fam5= |fam6= |fam7= |fam8= |fam9= }} '''₭''' ({{le|jī-bó tāi-siáu siá|Letter case|siáu-siá}}: '''<s>k</s>'''; (K/k {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]), ing-gí: ₭/<s>k</s> with a bar or K/k with stroke) sī ên-sin [[latin jī-bó]] ê {{le|piàn-thé (gí-giân-ha̍k)|Variety (linguistics)|pèn-thé}} tsi-it, kiò-tsò hù-ka huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]] ê K/ (₭/<s>k</s>) ==Im-ti̍k== ₭/<s>k</s> in thong-siông ê {{le|im-ti̍k|Note value}} piáu-sī {{le|Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshing nńg-kok sat-im}} {{le|chin-im-huà|Labialization|tsin-im-huà}} {{le|chek-hiôu-im|Ejective consonant|tsik-hiôu-im}} {{le|siong-tuì tiâu-im|Relative articulation|huê-thuè-im}} {{IPA|/k̠ʷʼ/}}; <ref name=sannichalpha>Saanich Language,"How to pronounce SENĆOŦEN"[http://saanich.montler.net/say/index.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://saanich.montler.net/say/index.htm |date=20210828085231 }}, ho̍k-tshú 2022-03-04.</ref> Mā iōng-tsò [[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshhing nńg-kok sat-im]] /k/ ê {{le|sàng-khì hù-im|Aspirated consonant|sàng-khì}} [[Ho͘-im|im]] /kʰ/ (khe). ==Li̍k-sú iân-kik== {{le|Saanich-gú|Saanich dialect}} ê tsiàñ-gí huat sī-iû Dave Elliott teh 1978-nî sóo tshòng-kèn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bclearningnetwork.com/LOR/media/fns12/pdf/Module4/4.5%20Case%20Studies%20of%20Aboriginal%20Language%20Programs.pdf |title=Dave Elliott and the SENÇOÎEN Alphabet |access-date=2021-09-02 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415144154/http://bclearningnetwork.com/LOR/media/fns12/pdf/Module4/4.5%20Case%20Studies%20of%20Aboriginal%20Language%20Programs.pdf }}</ref> piáu-sī {{le|Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|tshing nńg-kok sat-im}} {{le|chin-im-huà|Labialization|tsin-im-huà}} {{le|chek-hiôu-im|Ejective consonant|tsik-hiôu-im}} {{le|siong-tuì tiâu-im-im|Relative articulation|huê-thuè-im}} {{IPA|/k̠ʷʼ/}}. līng-guā [[Láu-o kip]] (kip; hû-hō: ₭ hi̍k ₭N; ເງີນກີບລາວ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kip|title=Definition of KIP|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=2021-09-02|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126133218/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kip|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAnheeIPcAEC&q=kip+ingot+lao&pg=PA688|title=Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: Eleventh Edition|first1=Merriam-Webster|last1=Inc|first2=Merriam-webster|last2=Staff|date=June 19, 2004|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=9780877798095|via=Google Books|access-date=2021-09-02|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126133214/https://books.google.com/books?id=TAnheeIPcAEC&q=kip+ingot+lao&pg=PA688|dead-url=no}}</ref>) sī [[Láu-o]] uì 1952-nî khai-sí ê huâ-ting liû-thong huè-pè, iû {{le|Láu-o jîn-bîn bîn-tsú kiōng-hô-kok gîn-hâng|Bank of the Lao P.D.R.}} sóo huat-hîng. ₭ teh ISO 4217 huè-pè pen-hō sī LAK。 ==Kè-sǹg tāi-bé== ₭/<s>k</s> (K/k {{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks|hù-ka}} [[Liân-oe̍h|huâiñ]] [[Jī-oe̍h|jī-ue̍h]]) ē-tàng iōng i-hā ê [[Unicode]] {{le|jī-hû|Character (computing)}} ([[Latin jī-bó]]), [[UTF-8]] hām {{le|Jī-hû ti̍k ín-iōng|Numeric character reference}} tíng-tíng [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] lâi piáu-sī. ₭ ê Unicode [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] sī U+20AD tuā-siá jī-bó ₭ (K tsah huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]])<ref>[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U20A0.pdf Unicode: Currency Symbols (Range: 20A0–20CF)]</ref>; ₭ ê sió-siá jī-bó <s>k</s> (k hù-ka huâiñ [[Jī-oe̍h|pit-ue̍h]]) bô piau-tsún-huà ê kè-sǹg pen-bé piáu-sī-sik; iú-kuan ₭ ê tuā-siá jī-bó tō tsiām-sî hù-û pen-bé tsò U+A7CE, ₭ ê sió-siá <s>k</s> tō tsiām-sî hù-û pen-bé tsò U+A7CF.<ref>Unicode,"Latin Extended-D--Range: A720–A7FF"[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf]],The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, ho̍k-tshú 05 3-gue̍h 2022.</ref> Tshiañ tsham-ua̍t i-hā ê Unicode [[Hû-má|tāi-bé]] {{le|piau-tuaⁿ|Form (document)|piau-tuañ}}. {{charmap |A7CE|name1=Latin tuā-siá jī-bó<br/>₭ (K hù-ka huâiñ jī-ue̍h) |A7CF|name2=Latin sió-siá jī-bó<br/><s>k</s> (k hù-ka huâiñ jī-ue̍h) }} ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[N (hù-ka hoâiⁿ jī-oe̍h)]] *{{le|Unicode jī-hû lia̍t-toaⁿ|List of Unicode characters}} (Unicode jī-hû le̍t-tuañ/List of Unicode characters) *{{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks}} (tsoo-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō/Combining Diacritical Marks) *{{le|Tō͘-ká-chhun|Resort}} (tōo-ká-tshun/Resort) *{{le|Bô-pian-kài tî|Infinity pool}} (bô-pen-kài tî/Infinity pool) *{{le|Chhâi-oân|Layoff}} (tshâi-uân/Layoff) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} *[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf Latin Extended-D--Range: A720–A7FF The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0] {{en}} *[http://graphemica.com/₭ kip sign ₭] {{Wayback|url=http://graphemica.com/%E2%82%AD |date=20220206053745 }} {{en}} *{{Scriptsource|20AD|}} {{en}} *[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/ Unicode - Compart] {{Wayback|url=https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/ |date=20220213170709 }} {{en}} *[https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+20AD “₭” U+20AD Latin Capital Letter K with Bar Unicode Character] {{en}}{{Wayback|url=https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+20AD |date=20210902180228 }} {{en}} *[http://saanich.montler.net/ Saanich Language] {{Wayback|url=http://saanich.montler.net/ |date=20220202055024 }} {{en}} *[https://itservices.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/Outline/index.htm An Outline of the Morphology and Phonology of Saanich] {{en}}{{Wayback|url=https://itservices.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/Outline/index.htm |date=20220120151830 }} {{en}} {{div col end}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kilil jī-bó hù-ka piàn-im hû-hō]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Gí-im choán-siá hû-hō]] 151gqto4s7ysg9zv2sb4pz70glwabmn Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl 2 1078737 3133042 3130573 2022-08-08T17:28:05Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{navbox |name=:User:Cuaxdon/Alphabet nan kiril |title=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |list1= <div> {{nowrap|[[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]) &#124;}} <!--{{{nowrap|[[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]) &#124;}}--> <!--{{{nowrap|[[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]) }} <!--{{nowrap|<s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Ѣ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ѣ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]])}}--> </div>}}</onlyinclude> {{collapsible option}} <!--[[Category:Linguistics navigational boxes]]--> 92dphqdcb57q9dxmq0o2ptn639ybqll 3133085 3133042 2022-08-08T20:59:04Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{navbox |name=:User:Cuaxdon/Alphabet nan kiril |title=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Бâнлâм гу́]] [[latin bûn-jī|Латин бу̌н-ҙӣ]] |list1= <div> {{nowrap|[[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]] ([[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]] ([[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]] ([[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]] ([[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]] ([[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]]) &#124;}} <!--{{{nowrap|[[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]] ([[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]) &#124;}}--> <!--{{{nowrap|[[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]] ([[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]] ([[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]] ([[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]] ([[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]] ([[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]] ([[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]] ([[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]] ([[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]] ([[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]] ([[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]] ([[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]] ([[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]] ([[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]] ([[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]] ([[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]] ([[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]] ([[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]] ([[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]] ([[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]] ([[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]] ([[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]) }} <!--{{nowrap|<s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Ѣ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ѣ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]])}}--> </div>}}</onlyinclude> {{collapsible option}} <!--[[Category:Linguistics navigational boxes]]--> mdx3ksrfjlbvuk0mtt9j1lwnpwvyx78 3133086 3133085 2022-08-08T21:00:08Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{navbox |name=:User:Cuaxdon/Alphabet nan kiril |title=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Бâнлâм гу́]] [[latin bûn-jī|Латин бу̂н-ҙӣ]] |list1= <div> {{nowrap|[[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]] ([[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]] ([[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]] ([[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]] ([[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]] ([[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]]) &#124;}} <!--{{{nowrap|[[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]] ([[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]) &#124;}}--> <!--{{{nowrap|[[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]] ([[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]] ([[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]] ([[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]] ([[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]] ([[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]] ([[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]] ([[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]] ([[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]] ([[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]] ([[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]] ([[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]] ([[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]] ([[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]] ([[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]] ([[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]] ([[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]] ([[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]] ([[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]] ([[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]] ([[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]] ([[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]) }} <!--{{nowrap|<s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Ѣ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ѣ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]])}}--> </div>}}</onlyinclude> {{collapsible option}} <!--[[Category:Linguistics navigational boxes]]--> 1gadgu0f7muzldrsae5e1tr8yeckzv6 3133089 3133086 2022-08-08T21:06:28Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{navbox |name=:User:Cuaxdon/Alphabet nan kiril |title=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Бâнлâм гу́]] [[latin bûn-jī|Латин бу̂нҙӣ]] |list1= <div> {{nowrap|[[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]] ([[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]] ([[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]] ([[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]] ([[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]] ([[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]]) &#124;}} <!--{{{nowrap|[[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]] ([[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]) &#124;}}--> <!--{{{nowrap|[[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]] ([[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]] ([[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]] ([[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]] ([[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]] ([[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]] ([[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]] ([[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]] ([[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]] ([[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]] ([[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]] ([[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]] ([[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]] ([[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]] ([[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]] ([[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]] ([[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]] ([[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]] ([[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]] ([[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]] ([[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]] ([[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]) }} <!--{{nowrap|<s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Ѣ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ѣ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]])}}--> </div>}}</onlyinclude> {{collapsible option}} <!--[[Category:Linguistics navigational boxes]]--> 4zyzx7elsmap89174j2c41f9kw0cja6 3133143 3133089 2022-08-08T23:21:20Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{navbox |name=:User:Cuaxdon/Alphabet nan kiril |title=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâmgú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |list1= <div> {{nowrap|[[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]) &#124;}} <!--{{{nowrap|[[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]) &#124;}}--> <!--{{{nowrap|[[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]) &#124;}} <!--{{nowrap|[[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]) &#124;}}--> {{nowrap|[[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]) }} <!--{{nowrap|<s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Ѣ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ѣ]]) &#124;}} {{nowrap|[[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]])}}--> </div>}}</onlyinclude> {{collapsible option}} <!--[[Category:Linguistics navigational boxes]]--> ndwhertohetckns4gn4ksnupuh9nhz0 Sin-thé ê siong-tùi hong-ūi 0 1079463 3133242 3132788 2022-08-09T11:25:11Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:XYZ model.jpg|thumb|250px|A [[right-hand rule|right-handed]] [[Cartesian coordinate system]], illustrating the ''x'' (right-left), ''y'' (forward-backward) and ''z'' (up-down) axes relative to a human being.]] '''Sin-thé ê siong-tùi hong-ūi''' ([[ing-gú]]: Body relative direction, mā kiò-tsò "í [[Ka-tī|tsū-ngóo]] uî tiong-sim ê [[Chō-piau-hē|tsō-piau]]" (egocentric coordinates))<ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news |author= Deutscher, Guy |title= Does Your Language Shape How You Think? |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/29/magazine/29language-t.html?_r=1&pagewanted=2 |work= [[The New York Times]] |date= August 26, 2010 |access-date= August 31, 2010|author-link= Guy Deutscher (linguist) }}</ref> sī siong-tuì sin-thé (pí-jū [[lâng]] ê sin-thé) ê {{le|kí-hô hong-hiòng|Orientation (geometry)}}. Siōng tsia̍p-khuànn ê ū : tsó-iū; hiòng-tsîng hām hiòng-āu; tíng-kuân hām ē-kha. Tsia-ê hong-hiòng hîng-sîng sam-tuì {{le|Chèng-kau|Orthogonality|tsìng-kau}}-[[Chō-piau-hē|tio̽k]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|VSMPO-AVISMA|VSMPO-AVISMA}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== * [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.459.2734&rep=rep1&type=pdf Whitman Richards 1975. VISUAL SPACE PERCEPTION. HANDBOOK Of PERCEPTION, VOL. V, Chapter 10. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC., New York, San Francisco, London] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Hong-hiòng]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Hong-ūi]] gfcdeuouhz2a54r6svyg14q26b14uwa Iōng-chiá:Andreicuax 2 1079556 3133039 3132611 2022-08-08T17:22:19Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm-gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|И]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ([[Ka (Cyrillic)|К]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ka with hook|Ӄ]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] lifkdcpndsghkqjysbpeowu6od1qifu 3133040 3133039 2022-08-08T17:23:11Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâmgú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|И]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ([[Ka (Cyrillic)|К]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ka with hook|Ӄ]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} 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{{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] a9y9gx357k5gpkmjfm0li70je6lc1ft 3133041 3133040 2022-08-08T17:27:35Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|И]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ([[Ka (Cyrillic)|К]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ka with hook|Ӄ]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} 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{{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 8ymgguusbfqoxejq206hdsek9wpd73r 3133043 3133041 2022-08-08T17:30:07Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|И]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ([[Ka (Cyrillic)|К]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[VChheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} 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{{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] k2zkdwrwjaiw9mq113yqq3hfll7tcrb 3133044 3133043 2022-08-08T17:30:32Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|И]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|k]] ([[Ka (Cyrillic)|К]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} 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{{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 9gd9zaml40vn09991012a4fwm9hhore 3133048 3133044 2022-08-08T17:42:56Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|И]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Voiceless velar plosive|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} 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{{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] jkb2hj5q709kh5tsaruleyt5hilcbaw 3133049 3133048 2022-08-08T17:43:20Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|И]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[hheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} 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{{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] jzpqd2e9tq8pda7u43qv6f8v22nj50j 3133050 3133049 2022-08-08T17:43:55Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]] ([[I (Cyrillic)|И]]/[[Close front unrounded vowel|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} 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{{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 1f3uirw8osm72fxiy9wadv74hbl9g24 3133051 3133050 2022-08-08T17:45:36Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ƶ]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|Ҙ]]/[[Voiced alveolar affricate|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} 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{{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ryvvlukr3px5a2nwmd9g21vufurghyk 3133052 3133051 2022-08-08T17:47:16Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] ([[Dhe (Cyrillic)|З]]/[[Voiced alveolar fricative|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} 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*{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] pvussb2vroiefw8mbbnmng8x2pg4sal 3133053 3133052 2022-08-08T17:49:57Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} 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*{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] rxvinoefqxc68j9fq0462p1livwf9o2 3133054 3133053 2022-08-08T17:51:35Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] ([[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]/[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} 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*{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] c5s2aas3qvabcqv15vhw8adon7nn3vu 3133057 3133054 2022-08-08T18:02:33Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[CPoàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} 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{{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] k0q3lvdpmfirkisiu9na4wyswn156z9 3133058 3133057 2022-08-08T18:02:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} 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{{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] iipri4zn9t328vcc74sjhsxt49eqrbh 3133059 3133058 2022-08-08T18:03:40Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|g]] ([[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]/[[Voiced velar plosive|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) 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{{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ci80f23dos8szgl9f8jkufuda0fsdbl 3133061 3133059 2022-08-08T18:13:09Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] ([[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]/[[Voiced bilabial plosive|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} 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{{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] n92n2j73ezcj4izxshnl1s1a23w35jt 3133062 3133061 2022-08-08T18:17:07Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|a]] ([[A (Cyrillic)|А]]/[[Open front unrounded vowel|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} 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{{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] nt996p66hq8ciigzlf1gs7f9k8o82p8 3133063 3133062 2022-08-08T18:18:31Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet. 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 1ku7glz1f4xeppfsaxom0vftm3t04i3 3133064 3133063 2022-08-08T18:22:17Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 1 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ. 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] b8nwni3vmb79thatheen9l3t6veqtxl 3133065 3133064 2022-08-08T18:22:40Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 2 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ. 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 3v76gu5r4vggt4x7mlh9cgh14q3k8vf 3133066 3133065 2022-08-08T18:22:50Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 3 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬. 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] pkm5rrqkuvo4wjxwv3w2ycfd7dfe531 3133067 3133066 2022-08-08T18:23:00Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 4 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] tfzh7xqn09i5fjr5gr4g7bm2kp5xwnn 3133087 3133067 2022-08-08T21:03:40Z Andreicuax 54001 /* İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hoꞥ-gên */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Nasal vowel|ñ]] ([[En (Cyrillic)|Н̃]]/[[Nasal vowel|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈге̂н== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] bqsbt72fqxbp5jlda7eedc1fb9xykgf 3133088 3133087 2022-08-08T21:05:33Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈге̂н== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ef58gjwuzea5b5ry0lpizw0x6rf0m78 3133090 3133088 2022-08-08T21:08:03Z Andreicuax 54001 /* İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈге̂н */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] alp6dd659zoaiys4qudn3b2y5oerfys 3133091 3133090 2022-08-08T21:09:56Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tāi-tôꞥ sé-ı̽k kì */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|o]] ([[O (Cyrillic)|О]]/[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Тāитôӈ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 641i29xbad3yf0hz8yg57wox98yk2mw 3133092 3133091 2022-08-08T21:19:58Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) 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{{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ==Тāитôӈ sé-ı̽k kì== ===Kuàn 1=== ====Argi kok==== Ꞓut Kəꞓioꞥ kò-tē. Cū kīn-ciá sí. Ua̽t Argi kok. Argi kok. Tang sai la̽k pah û lí. Lâm pak sì pah û lí. Kok tāi to-sîꞥ ciu 6-7 lí. Sì bīn ku san tə̄ hiám īs iú. Cuân liû kau tài ín cuí uî tên. Ŧô gî bûnsú siokbı̽k hioꞥcə́ ᵽûtə̂ lînāi cu kə́. ₭ìsú hə̂ŧiòꞥ hoꞥsio̽k cittı̽k. Bûn-ƶī ꞓú-cik ìn-tō. 微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國舊曰龜茲。 【出高昌故地。自近者始。曰阿耆尼國。阿耆尼國。東西六百餘里。南北四百餘里。國大都城周六七里。四面據山道險易守。泉流交帶引水為田。土宜穈黍宿麥香棗蒲萄梨柰諸果。氣序和暢風俗質直。文字取則印度。微有繒絹服飾氈褐。斷發無巾貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王其國人也。勇而寡略好自稱伐。國無綱紀法不整肅。伽藍十餘所。僧徒二千餘人。習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀既遵印度。諸習學者。即其文而玩之。戒行律儀潔清勤勵。然食雜三凈。滯於漸教矣。從此西南行二百餘里。踰一小山越二大河。西行平川。行七百餘里至屈支國。】 ====Kuci kok==== Kuci kok. 東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。 【屈支國。東西千餘里。南北六百餘里。國大都城周十七八里。宜穈麥有粳稻出蒲萄石榴。多梨柰桃杏。土產黃金銅鐵鉛錫。氣序和風俗質。文字取則印度。粗有改變。管絃伎樂特善諸國。服飾錦褐斷髮巾帽。貨用金錢銀錢小銅錢。王屈支種也。智謀寡昧迫於強臣。其俗生子以木押頭。欲其遍遞也。伽藍百餘所。僧徒五千餘人習學小乘教說一切有部。經教律儀取則印度。其習讀者。卽本文矣。尚拘漸教食雜三淨。潔清耽翫人以功競。 國東境城北天祠前有大龍池。諸龍易形交合牝馬。遂生龍駒𢤱戾難馭。龍駒之子方乃馴駕。所以此國多出善馬。聞諸先志曰。近代有王。號曰金花。政教明察感龍馭乘。王欲終没鞭觸其耳。因卽潛隱以至于今。城中無井取彼池水。龍變爲人與諸婦會。生子驍勇走及奔馬。如是漸染人皆龍種。恃力作威不恭王命。王乃引搆突厥殺此城人。少長俱戮略無噍類。城今荒蕪人煙斷絕。 荒城北四十餘里。接山阿。隔一河水。有二伽藍。同名照怙釐。而東西隨稱。佛像莊飾殆越人工。僧徒清齋誠爲勤勵東。照怙釐佛堂中有玉石。面廣二尺餘。色帶黃白狀如海蛤。其上有佛足履之迹。長尺有八寸。廣餘六寸矣。或有齋日照燭光明。 大城西門外路左右各有立佛像。高九十餘尺。於此像前建五年一大會處。每歲秋分數十日間。舉國僧徒皆來會集。上自君王下至士庶。捐廢俗務奉持齋戒。受經聽法渴日忘疲。諸僧伽藍莊嚴佛像。瑩以珍寶飾之錦綺。載諸輦輿謂之行像。動以千數雲集會所。常以月十五日晦日。國王大臣謀議國事。訪及高僧然後宣布。 會場西北渡河至阿奢理貳伽藍。庭宇顯敝佛像工飾。僧徒肅穆精勤匪怠。並是耆艾宿德碩學高才。遠方俊彥慕義至止。國王大臣士庶豪右。四事供養久而彌敬。聞諸先志曰。昔此國先王崇敬三寶。將欲遊方觀禮聖迹。乃命母弟攝知留事。其弟受命。竊自割勢防未萌也。封之金函持以上王。王曰。斯何謂也。對曰。迴駕之日乃可開發。卽付執事隨軍掌護。王之還也果有搆禍者曰。王令監國婬亂中宮。王聞震怒欲置嚴刑。弟曰。不敢逃責願開金函。王遂發而視之。乃斷勢也。曰斯何異物欲何發明。對曰。王昔遊方命知留事。懼有讒禍割勢自明。今果有徵願垂照覽。王深驚異情愛彌隆。出入後庭無所禁礙。王弟於後行遇一夫擁五百牛欲事形腐。見而惟念。引類增懷。我今形虧豈非宿業。卽以財寶贖此羣牛。以慈善力男形漸具。以形具故遂不入宮。王怪而問之。乃陳其始末。王以爲奇特也。遂建伽藍。式旌美迹傳芳後葉。 從此西行六百餘里。經小沙磧至跋禄迦國。】 <!-- ===Kuàn 2=== ===Kuàn 3=== ===Kuàn 4=== ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== {{Wikisource|:zh:大唐西域記}} *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] *[https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=944265 大唐西域記 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] opjv7s6nfmuo1cbv3qvl8hfekslii84 3133122 3133092 2022-08-08T22:40:11Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 5rpass5mmx45pokhc5f0i79qmsyrps3 3133123 3133122 2022-08-08T22:45:31Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 4 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi cikan uī ci 帔,tsī 𨵿 jî tang hı̽k uī ci 襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自𨵿而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] nnrmuxtmv8pvrho4jwntynt3ullpnlf 3133124 3133123 2022-08-08T22:46:54Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 4 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi cikan uī ci 帔,tsī 關 jî tang hı̽k uī ci 襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] fhhb4vmdal9wpn9gun94omihh4eg8mz 3133125 3133124 2022-08-08T22:47:19Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 4 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi cikan uī ci 帔,tsī kuan jî tang hı̽k uī ci 襬.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 0685tvdil5zkufxddbewc3tpsh4swke 3133127 3133125 2022-08-08T22:54:27Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 4 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi cikan uī ci phì,tsī kuan jî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] kmv8tjcgavklytqso0f83u6v7wipd9m 3133128 3133127 2022-08-08T22:56:29Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 4 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} 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{{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi cikan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] op9m0hy4kwkqe8jrrfg3dutygvgqj63 3133129 3133128 2022-08-08T22:57:11Z Andreicuax 54001 /* İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uīci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uīci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uīci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi cikan uīci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uīci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] qi6o2zey6thzabxo7k3cxqi7dbdiw21 3133130 3133129 2022-08-08T22:57:45Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 4 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uīci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uīci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi Cikan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uīci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] ezfdrany4fml32yft30m5dg76ni6eyt 3133131 3133130 2022-08-08T22:58:19Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 2 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uīci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ cikan, uīci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] cnpv2oqx3ksh9rv1v7q3sh6p02wcxof 3133132 3133131 2022-08-08T22:58:37Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Kuàn 1 */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] j2lbph08a7ukoy628hxxr7ck4n5qt60 3133133 3133132 2022-08-08T22:59:06Z Andreicuax 54001 /* İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok ӿоӈгêн */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] iad9uwf9mz0adyino8anwqnjiaqf84c 3133134 3133133 2022-08-08T22:59:33Z Andreicuax 54001 /* İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоgên */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] ([[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] hbvgktv91lkdc5olt6ua8prpnzsltx1 3133135 3133134 2022-08-08T23:04:14Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Voiceless bilabial plosive|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] b22jzimja2d60wykctc38acrx2ucw2q 3133136 3133135 2022-08-08T23:11:08Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Pe with middle hook|Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] d003hnxy8x0vnbpit5qyw7k5qls5krd 3133137 3133136 2022-08-08T23:11:42Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] ([[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]/[[Voiceless alveolar fricative|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 8geo90gvbwapbrj3yt0ypal0klm0jtb 3133138 3133137 2022-08-08T23:13:55Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] ([[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] 9w5tvcs4545u9qc49af72qx6ct5gfdy 3133139 3133138 2022-08-08T23:15:26Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ŧ]] ([[Te with middle hook|Ꚋ]]/[[Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] chdks9h6mb9agiwqp1490w7gpv1rsg0 3133140 3133139 2022-08-08T23:16:38Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 輶軒使者絕代語釋別國方言 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃] p1laolw6i2ifdso1c4siih5drwbsrap 3133141 3133140 2022-08-08T23:18:02Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[U (Cyrillic)|У]]/[[Close back rounded vowel|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] 6u5wb479zuecpx41d6imi0wnydcomey 3133142 3133141 2022-08-08T23:19:27Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] ([[Shha|Ӿ]]/[[Voiceless glottal fricative|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] ggb6wag3nw03ex1mcwbvy6cwx4jhdnv 3133144 3133142 2022-08-08T23:22:55Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|x]] ([[Shha|Х]]/[[Voiceless velar fricative|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] j7hg294gfzwvl1i1t18oqse3jiunfog 3133145 3133144 2022-08-08T23:26:01Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|c]] ([[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] sjdrfytl0zvjud3t9m0o6u6bu5zdd2g 3133146 3133145 2022-08-08T23:28:22Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꞓ]] ([[Tswe|Ꚏ]]/[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] cvu17p9rkg6198vk75l41e6fb5d81x6 3133147 3133146 2022-08-08T23:30:35Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Schwa (Cyrillic)|Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] lx89ttvzi16vdmdlf5fdh0f8spyhyf8 3133148 3133147 2022-08-08T23:32:07Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Yery|Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Yery|Ы]]/[[Close back unrounded vowel|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} 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*{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] shcjv6ayggujlrlnd4xg1f66y4vl5av 3133150 3133148 2022-08-08T23:38:48Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}} <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Ы]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} 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*{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] q2gvjzxx979idm14h0ro4kgsgy4osa6 3133157 3133150 2022-08-09T00:13:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}}--> <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|<s>ı</s>]] ([[Ы]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] di2zlvrs2zbztls0mqba0ebyzbvg0ot 3133158 3133157 2022-08-09T00:17:13Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}}--> <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] ([[Ꙑ]]/[[Close central unrounded vowel|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ᵻ]] ([[Ы]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] 7mtr9mq2ob7mjb8vvq9jyioamsw0tbt 3133159 3133158 2022-08-09T00:19:00Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}}--> <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=[[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-iml|ɨ]] ([[Ꙑ]]/[[Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ᵻ]] ([[Ы]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0302}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0302}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0302}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0302}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0302}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0302}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030C}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030C}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030C}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030C}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030C}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030C}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0304}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0304}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0304}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0304}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0304}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0304}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] 66rmslf3cqa4bqehmplxdn8713rt261 3133225 3133159 2022-08-09T10:43:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}}--> <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL=Tāi [[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-iml|ɨ]] ([[Ꙑ]]/[[Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ᵻ]] ([[Ы]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0301}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0301}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0301}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0301}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0301}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0301}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0065|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0131|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006F|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0075|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0259|0300}} {{UniDécomp|006D|0300}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0435|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0438|0300}} {{UniDécomp|043E|0300}} {{UniDécomp|0443|0300}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|0300}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} {{UniDécomp|043E|}} {{UniDécomp|0443|}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|}} {{UniDécomp|043C|}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|0302}} 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{{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] jq5o0fyaat4f7qu99tb3gr6qwex8e8w 3133227 3133225 2022-08-09T10:47:51Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Iōng-chiá:Cuaxdon/Alphabet min-nan-cyrl|state=collapsed}}--> <!--{{Alphabet nan kilil|state=collapsed}}--> <!-- {| |'''[[Sè-kài Jîn-koân Soan-giân|Sèkài ƶînkuân suangên]]'''||Сèкàи ҙи̂нкуâн суангêн||'''Всеобщая декларация прав человека''' |- | Tē 1 tiâu || Тē 1 тиâу || Статья 1 |- | Lán lâ<s>n</s> señlâi cūiû,|| Лáн лâӈ сен̃лâи цӯиŷ, || Все люди рождаются свободными |- | tsai cungiâm kah <s>k</s>uânlī siō<s>n</s> itlủt pî<s>n</s>tí<s>n</s>. || цаи цунгиâм каӿ ӄуâнлӣ сиōӈ итлỷт пи̂ӈти́ӈ. || и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. |- | In hùiú lísì<s>n</s> kah liô<s>n</s>sim, || Ин ӿу̀иу́ ли́сѝӈ каӿ лиôӈсим, || Они наделены разумом и совестью |- | lîꞓiáñ ì<s>n</s>kai í hiañtī kuanhē ê ci<s>n</s>sîn hōsiō<s>n</s> tùiŧāi. || Ли̂ꚏиáн ѝӈкaи и́ ӿиан̃тӣ куанӿē ê циӈси̂н ӿōсиōӈ ту̀иꚋāи. || и должны поступать в отношении друг друга в духе братства. |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! TLS ! ТКС ! [[Ing-gí|I<s>n</s>gí]] ! Gíimtó<s>n</s>（[http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/languages/audio/amoy.au NASA Voyager 1 bā<s>n</s>iảh]） |- | Ŧài<s>k</s>o<s>n</s> pî<s>n</s>iú, lín hə́! Lín ciảhpá bē? Ūî<s>n</s>, tə̄lâi gúncia cē o̊h. | Ꚋàиӄоӈ пи̂ӈиу́ ли́н ӿə́! Ли́н циảӿпá бē? Ӯи̂ӈ, тə̄лâи гу́нциа цē o̊ӿ. | Friends of space, how are you all? Have you eaten yet? Come visit us if you have time. | [[File:Greetings to the Universe in Amoy (Min dialect).oga|thumb|Voyager kim ꞓiùñᵽìñ būnhāugí]] |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tâigí lati<s>n</s> ƶībə́ | a || b || c || ꞓ || e || ә || g || h || i || k || <s>k</s> || l || m || n || <s>n</s> || ñ|| o || p || ᵽ || s || t || ŧ || u || ƶ || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Tha̽k huat | a || be || ce || ꞓe || e || ә || ge || ha || i || ka || <s>k</s>a || el || em || en|| <s>n</s>e || eñ || o || pe || ᵽe || es || te || ŧe || u || ƶe || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || hēntāi<br>{{small|(modern times)}} |- ! Килил ҙӣbə́ | а || б || г || е || ҙ || и || к || ӄ || л || м || н || ӈ || н̃ || o || п || ҧ || с || т || ꚋ || у || ӿ || ц || ꚏ || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- ! Ꚋa̽к ӿуат | a || be || ge || е || dze || i || ka || kha || el || em || en || nge || enn || o || pe || phe || es || te || the || u || ha || tse || tshe || ә || e̽ || e̋ || e̊ || ӿēнтāи<br>{{small|(современное время)}} |- |}--> <onlyinclude>{{Navigationsleiste |BILD= |TITEL= Tāi [[Bân-lâm-gú|Bânlâm gú]] [[latin bûn-jī|latin]] hām [[Kyril jī|kilil]] [[Bûn-jī hē-thóng|bûnƶī]] |INHALT= [[A]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|a]] ([[А]]/[[Khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|а]]){{·}} [[B]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|b]] ([[Б]]/[[Cho̍k siang-tûn sat-im|б]]){{·}} [[G]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|g]] ([[Г]]/[[Cho̍k nńg-kok sat-im|г]]){{·}} [[D]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] ([[Д]]/[[Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|д]]){{·}} [[E]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|e]] ([[Е]]/[[Poàn pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|е]]){{·}} [[Ɛ]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ([[Э]]/[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|э]]){{·}} [[Z]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|z]] ([[З]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im|з]]){{·}} [[Ƶ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ƶ]] ([[Ҙ]]/[[Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ҙ]]){{·}} [[İ]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|i]] ([[И]]/[[Pì chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|и]]){{·}} [[K]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|k]] ([[К]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|к]]){{·}} [[₭]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|<s>k</s>]] ([[Ӄ]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok sat-im|ӄ]]){{·}} [[L]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|l]] ([[Л]]/[[Khí-gûn pian kīn-im|л]]){{·}} [[M]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|m]] ([[М]]/[[Siang-tûn phīⁿ-im|м]]){{·}} [[N]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|n]] ([[Н]]/[[Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im|н]]){{·}} [[Ꞥ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ꞥ]] ([[Ӈ]]/[[Nńg-kok phīⁿ-im|ӈ]]){{·}} <br> [[Ñ]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|ñ]] ([[Н̃]]/[[Phīⁿ-hòa goân-im|н̃]]){{·}} [[O]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|o]] ([[О]]/[[Poàn khai āu oân-tûn bú-im|о]]){{·}} [[P]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|p]] ([[П]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|п]]){{·}} [[Ᵽ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ᵽ]] ([[Ҧ]]/[[Chheng siang-tûn sat-im|ҧ]]){{·}} [[S]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|s]] ([[С]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn chhat-im|с]]){{·}} [[T]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|t]] ([[Т]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|т]]){{·}} [[Ŧ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ŧ]] ([[Ꚋ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-im|ꚋ]]){{·}} [[U]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|u]] ([[У]]/[[Pì āu oân-tûn bú-im|у]]){{·}} [[H]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|h]] ([[Ӿ]]/[[Chheng seng-bûn chhat-im|ӿ]]){{·}} [[X]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|x]] ([[Х]]/[[Chheng nńg-kok chhat-im|х]]){{·}} [[C]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|c]] ([[Ц]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ц]]){{·}} [[Ꞓ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꞓ]] ([[Ꚏ]]/[[Chheng khí-gûn sat-chhat-im|ꚏ]]){{·}} [[Ə]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]] ([[Ә]]/[[Tiong iong bú-im|ә]]){{·}} <s>İ</s>/[[Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-iml|ɨ]] ([[Ꙑ]]/[[Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|ꙑ]]){{·}} [[Ɨ]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ᵻ]] ([[Ы]]/[[Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|ы]]) }}</onlyinclude> <!--{{big| *{{UniDécomp|0061|}} {{UniDécomp|0065|}} {{UniDécomp|0069|}} {{UniDécomp|006F|}} {{UniDécomp|0075|}} {{UniDécomp|0259|}} {{UniDécomp|006D|}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|}} {{UniDécomp|0435|}} {{UniDécomp|0438|}} 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*{{UniDécomp|0061|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0065|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0131|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006F|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0075|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0259|033D}} {{UniDécomp|006D|033D}}&nbsp;(p/t/k/h) ({{UniDécomp|0430|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0435|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0438|033D}} {{UniDécomp|043E|033D}} {{UniDécomp|0443|033D}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|033D}}{{UniDécomp|043C|033D}})&nbsp;(п/т/к/ӿ) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030B}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030B}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030B}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030B}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030B}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030B}}) *{{UniDécomp|0061|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0065|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0131|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006F|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0075|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0259|030A}} {{UniDécomp|006D|030A}} ({{UniDécomp|0430|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0435|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0438|030A}} {{UniDécomp|043E|030A}} {{UniDécomp|0443|030A}} {{UniDécomp|04D9|030A}}) }}--> ==İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên== ===Kuàn 1=== Tóꞥ, hiáu, tet, ti iǎ, Ꞓú uī ci tóꞥ; hı̽k ua̽t hiáu. Cê Sòꞥ ci kan, uī ci tet.<br> 【懂曉哲知也, 楚謂之懂; 或曰曉. 齊宋之閒, 謂之哲】 ===Kuàn 2=== ₭iâu, liâu, hə́ iǎ, Ꞓiꞥ Sû Hái Tāi ci kan ua̽t <s>k</s>iâu, hı̽k uī ci liâu, hə́ huân thoꞥgú iǎ.<br> 【釥,嫽好也,青徐海岱之間曰釥,或謂之嫽,好凡通語也】 ===Kuàn 3=== Pe̽t tí iǎ.<br> 【別治也】 ===Kuàn 4=== Kûn, Tîn Gūi ci kan uī ci ᵽì, cī kuan ƶî tang hı̽k uī ci pâi.<br> 【帬, 陳魏之間謂之帔, 自關而東或謂之襬.】 <!-- ===Kuàn 5=== ===Kuàn 6=== ===Kuàn 7=== ===Kuàn 8=== ===Kuàn 9=== ===Kuàn 10=== ===Kuàn 11=== ===Kuàn 12=== ===Kuàn 13=== --> ===Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē=== *[https://ctext.org/searchbooks.pl?if=gb&searchu=%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80 İú-hēn sú-ciá cua̽t-tāi gú-sik pe̽t-kok hоꞥgên - Tioꞥ-kok tet-ha̽k tēn-tsì-huà kè-uē] dgfdiyhnwitc43p26hysyy7rs2so4z8 Tiáu Lia̍t-bûn 0 1079761 3133249 3132142 2022-08-09T11:32:16Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Tiáu Le̽t-bûn<!-- use common name/article title --> | honorific_suffix = | image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_upright = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | native_name = {{small|(趙烈文)}} | native_name_lang = [[Hàn-gú]] | pronunciation = Zhào Liè-wén | birth_name = Kiû-lâi (來求)<!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = 1832-nî<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --> | birth_place = Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) | baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --> | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = 1894-nî<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (enter DEATH date then BIRTH date (e.g., ...|1967|31|8|1908|28|2}} use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> | death_place = | death_cause = <!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability--> | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) --> | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | nationality = | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Chan Kok-hoan|Tsan Kok-huan]] ê {{le|Bō͘-liâu pō͘-mn̂g|Staff and line|Bōo-liâu}} ([[su-iâ]]) | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --> | known_for = | notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" --> | style = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --> | television = | title = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) --> | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charges = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name --> | partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --> | children = | parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --> | mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Tiáu Le̽t-bûn''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 趙烈文 (1832-nî－1894-nî); '''Tiō Le̽t-bûn'''), {{link-zh|Piáu-jī|表字|jī}} Huē-hú (惠甫)<ref>陳乃乾《趙惠甫先生年譜》{{zh}}</ref>, it-jī "Uí-hú" (偉甫), {{link-zh|Chai-hô|齋號|tsai-hô}} Lîng-tsíng-ku (能靜居), Then-hòng-lâu (天放樓), Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu (落花春雨巢), {{link-zh|jú-bîng|乳名|sió-miâ}} Kiû-lâi (來求). Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) jîn-sū. [[Chheng-kok|Tshing-kok]] [[Chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t|tsìng-tī jîn-bu̍t]], [[Le̍k-sú-ha̍k|sú-ha̽k]] hām {{le|hu̍t-ha̍k|Buddhist studies}} {{le|Tì-sek-jîn|Intellectual|ha̽k-tsiá}}. [[Chok-phín|Tù-tsok]] " Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記). Tshin-ba̍k khòaⁿ--tio̍h 1864-nî {{le|Siong-kun lâm-kiaⁿ tô͘-sêng|Third Battle of Nanking|siong-kun lâm-kiañ tôo-siâñ}}. ==Ū-gên tshing-kok hok-bông== <!--趙烈文見解獨特，[[同治]]六年六月二十日（1867年7月21日），他與曾國藩長談，對清廷的看法是「异日之祸必先根本颠仆，而后方州无主，人自为政，殆不出五十年矣。」曾国藩反驳说：「本朝君德正，或不至此。」烈文曰：「国初创业太易<ref>自古得天下之正，莫如我朝。太祖、太宗初无取天下之心。尝兵及京城，诸大臣咸奏云当取。太宗皇帝曰：『明与我国素非和好，今取之甚易；但念中国之主，不忍取也。』后流贼李自成攻破京城，崇祯自缢，臣民相率来迎，乃翦灭闯寇，入承大统」（《[[圣祖仁皇帝圣训]]》卷九《圣治四》，文渊阁《四库全书》史部六、卷 218）。</ref>，诛戮太重，所以有天下者太巧。天道难知，善恶不相掩，后君之德泽，未足恃也。」。--> ==Tù-tsok== Tù-iú iōng "Hîng-tsháu-thé" (行草體) sóo-siá ê "Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記), "Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu jı̽t-kì" (落花春雨巢日记), "Tiáu Uí-hú sian-siñ king-sin pī-luān jı̽t-kì" (趙偉甫先生庚申避亂日記) [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] [[Chok-phín|tù-tsok]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|General Dynamics|General Dynamics}} *{{le|Kieb king-tsè ha̍k-īnn|Kyiv School of Economics}} (Kyiv School of Economics) *{{le|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora}} (Lockheed CP-140 Aurora) *{{le|Thài-khong tiàu-kiànn kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-sóo|Space Telescope Science Institute}} (Space Telescope Science Institute) *{{le|Arianespace|Arianespace}} *{{le|Thomas Francis Wade|Thomas Francis Wade}} *{{le|Joseph Gaertner|Joseph Gaertner}} *{{le|Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Carl Ludwig Willdenow}} *{{le|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim}} *{{le|Columbia hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Columbia Law Review}} (Columbia huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Columbia Law Review) *{{le|Hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Law review}} (huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Law review/huat-lu̍t kî-khan) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Harvard Law School}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t ha̍k-īñ/Harvard Law School) *{{le|Kî-khan ín-chèng pò-kò|Journal Citation Reports}} (Kî-khan ín-tsìng pò-kò/Journal Citation Reports) *{{le|Éng-hióng in-chí|Impact factor}} (Íng-hióng in-tsí/Impact factor) *{{le|Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ jīm-kî chu-giân|Foreword to the Supreme Court term}} (Tsuè-ko huat-īñ jīm-kî tsu-gên/Foreword to the Supreme Court term) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t oān-chō͘ kio̍k|Harvard Legal Aid Bureau}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t uān-tsōo kio̍k/Harvard Legal Aid Bureau) *{{le|Ames bô͘-gí hoat-têng pí-sài|Ames Moot Court Competition}} (Ames bôo-gí huat-tîng pí-sài/Ames Moot Court Competition) *[[Phage T4]] ([[eng-gí]]: Escherichia virus T4) *[[kiat-kòo]] ([[eng-gí]]: structure) *[[kám-jiám]] ([[eng-gí]]: infection) *{{le|Gián-kiú-guân|Research fellow}} (Gén-kiú-guân/Research fellow) *{{le|Yale hoat-lu̍t kî-khan|Yale Law Journal}} (Yale huat-lu̍t kî-khan/Yale Law Journal) *{{le|Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|University of Pennsylvania Law Review}} (Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/University of Pennsylvania Law Review) *{{link-zh|Hô-lâm ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|河南高等法院}} (Hô-lâm ko-tíng huat-īñ/河南高等法院) *{{link-zh|Soaⁿ-tang ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|山東高等法院}} (Suañ-tang ko-tíng huat-īñ/山東高等法院) {{div col end}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *[[王先謙]] 編《[[東華錄]]續編》{{zh}} *《曾文正公手寫日記》{{zh}} *《曾國藩全集》{{zh}} *《曾国藩宦海密谈录:与心腹幕僚赵烈文的九十九次倾心交谈》{{zh}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2021/07/29/979487.html 趙烈文預言清朝不出50年滅亡] {{zh}} *[https://www.laoziliao.net/doc/1636013953896986 趙烈文都預言了什麼？] {{zh}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1832 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1894 nî kòe-sin]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Siong-kun jîn-bu̍t]] [[Category:Bú-chìn jîn]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiō--sī]] apeg1xzmxiu3w57v87lgoapffbuy1zm 3133250 3133249 2022-08-09T11:32:57Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Tiáu Le̽t-bûn<!-- use common name/article title --> | honorific_suffix = | image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_upright = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | native_name = {{small|(趙烈文)}} | native_name_lang = [[Hàn-gú]] | pronunciation = Zhào Liè-wén | birth_name = Kiû-lâi (來求)<!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = 1832-nî<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --> | birth_place = Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) | baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --> | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = 1894-nî<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (enter DEATH date then BIRTH date (e.g., ...|1967|31|8|1908|28|2}} use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> | death_place = | death_cause = <!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability--> | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) --> | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | nationality = | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Chan Kok-hoan|Tsan Kok-huan]] ê {{le|Bō͘-liâu pō͘-mn̂g|Staff and line|Bōo-liâu}} ([[su-iâ]]) | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --> | known_for = | notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" --> | style = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --> | television = | title = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) --> | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charges = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name --> | partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --> | children = | parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --> | mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Tiáu Le̽t-bûn''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 趙烈文 (1832-nî－1894-nî); '''Tiō Le̽t-bûn'''), {{link-zh|Piáu-jī|表字|jī}} Huē-hú (惠甫)<ref>陳乃乾《趙惠甫先生年譜》{{zh}}</ref>, it-jī "Uí-hú" (偉甫), {{link-zh|Chai-hô|齋號|tsai-hô}} "Lîng-tsíng-ku" (能靜居), Then-hòng-lâu (天放樓), Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu (落花春雨巢), {{link-zh|jú-bîng|乳名|sió-miâ}} Kiû-lâi (來求). Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) jîn-sū. [[Chheng-kok|Tshing-kok]] [[Chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t|tsìng-tī jîn-bu̍t]], [[Le̍k-sú-ha̍k|sú-ha̽k]] hām {{le|hu̍t-ha̍k|Buddhist studies}} {{le|Tì-sek-jîn|Intellectual|ha̽k-tsiá}}. [[Chok-phín|Tù-tsok]] " Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記). Tshin-ba̍k khòaⁿ--tio̍h 1864-nî {{le|Siong-kun lâm-kiaⁿ tô͘-sêng|Third Battle of Nanking|siong-kun lâm-kiañ tôo-siâñ}}. ==Ū-gên tshing-kok hok-bông== <!--趙烈文見解獨特，[[同治]]六年六月二十日（1867年7月21日），他與曾國藩長談，對清廷的看法是「异日之祸必先根本颠仆，而后方州无主，人自为政，殆不出五十年矣。」曾国藩反驳说：「本朝君德正，或不至此。」烈文曰：「国初创业太易<ref>自古得天下之正，莫如我朝。太祖、太宗初无取天下之心。尝兵及京城，诸大臣咸奏云当取。太宗皇帝曰：『明与我国素非和好，今取之甚易；但念中国之主，不忍取也。』后流贼李自成攻破京城，崇祯自缢，臣民相率来迎，乃翦灭闯寇，入承大统」（《[[圣祖仁皇帝圣训]]》卷九《圣治四》，文渊阁《四库全书》史部六、卷 218）。</ref>，诛戮太重，所以有天下者太巧。天道难知，善恶不相掩，后君之德泽，未足恃也。」。--> ==Tù-tsok== Tù-iú iōng "Hîng-tsháu-thé" (行草體) sóo-siá ê "Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記), "Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu jı̽t-kì" (落花春雨巢日记), "Tiáu Uí-hú sian-siñ king-sin pī-luān jı̽t-kì" (趙偉甫先生庚申避亂日記) [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] [[Chok-phín|tù-tsok]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|General Dynamics|General Dynamics}} *{{le|Kieb king-tsè ha̍k-īnn|Kyiv School of Economics}} (Kyiv School of Economics) *{{le|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora}} (Lockheed CP-140 Aurora) *{{le|Thài-khong tiàu-kiànn kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-sóo|Space Telescope Science Institute}} (Space Telescope Science Institute) *{{le|Arianespace|Arianespace}} *{{le|Thomas Francis Wade|Thomas Francis Wade}} *{{le|Joseph Gaertner|Joseph Gaertner}} *{{le|Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Carl Ludwig Willdenow}} *{{le|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim}} *{{le|Columbia hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Columbia Law Review}} (Columbia huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Columbia Law Review) *{{le|Hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Law review}} (huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Law review/huat-lu̍t kî-khan) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Harvard Law School}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t ha̍k-īñ/Harvard Law School) *{{le|Kî-khan ín-chèng pò-kò|Journal Citation Reports}} (Kî-khan ín-tsìng pò-kò/Journal Citation Reports) *{{le|Éng-hióng in-chí|Impact factor}} (Íng-hióng in-tsí/Impact factor) *{{le|Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ jīm-kî chu-giân|Foreword to the Supreme Court term}} (Tsuè-ko huat-īñ jīm-kî tsu-gên/Foreword to the Supreme Court term) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t oān-chō͘ kio̍k|Harvard Legal Aid Bureau}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t uān-tsōo kio̍k/Harvard Legal Aid Bureau) *{{le|Ames bô͘-gí hoat-têng pí-sài|Ames Moot Court Competition}} (Ames bôo-gí huat-tîng pí-sài/Ames Moot Court Competition) *[[Phage T4]] ([[eng-gí]]: Escherichia virus T4) *[[kiat-kòo]] ([[eng-gí]]: structure) *[[kám-jiám]] ([[eng-gí]]: infection) *{{le|Gián-kiú-guân|Research fellow}} (Gén-kiú-guân/Research fellow) *{{le|Yale hoat-lu̍t kî-khan|Yale Law Journal}} (Yale huat-lu̍t kî-khan/Yale Law Journal) *{{le|Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|University of Pennsylvania Law Review}} (Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/University of Pennsylvania Law Review) *{{link-zh|Hô-lâm ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|河南高等法院}} (Hô-lâm ko-tíng huat-īñ/河南高等法院) *{{link-zh|Soaⁿ-tang ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|山東高等法院}} (Suañ-tang ko-tíng huat-īñ/山東高等法院) {{div col end}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *[[王先謙]] 編《[[東華錄]]續編》{{zh}} *《曾文正公手寫日記》{{zh}} *《曾國藩全集》{{zh}} *《曾国藩宦海密谈录:与心腹幕僚赵烈文的九十九次倾心交谈》{{zh}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2021/07/29/979487.html 趙烈文預言清朝不出50年滅亡] {{zh}} *[https://www.laoziliao.net/doc/1636013953896986 趙烈文都預言了什麼？] {{zh}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1832 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1894 nî kòe-sin]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Siong-kun jîn-bu̍t]] [[Category:Bú-chìn jîn]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiō--sī]] rxyy2epxqtnm9vrqbowl6l0tkfgockf 3133251 3133250 2022-08-09T11:33:21Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Tiáu Le̽t-bûn<!-- use common name/article title --> | honorific_suffix = | image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_upright = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | native_name = {{small|(趙烈文)}} | native_name_lang = [[Hàn-gú]] | pronunciation = Zhào Liè-wén | birth_name = Kiû-lâi (來求)<!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = 1832-nî<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --> | birth_place = Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) | baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --> | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = 1894-nî<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (enter DEATH date then BIRTH date (e.g., ...|1967|31|8|1908|28|2}} use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> | death_place = | death_cause = <!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability--> | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) --> | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | nationality = | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Chan Kok-hoan|Tsan Kok-huan]] ê {{le|Bō͘-liâu pō͘-mn̂g|Staff and line|Bōo-liâu}} ([[su-iâ]]) | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --> | known_for = | notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" --> | style = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --> | television = | title = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) --> | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charges = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name --> | partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --> | children = | parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --> | mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Tiáu Le̽t-bûn''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 趙烈文 (1832-nî－1894-nî); '''Tiō Le̽t-bûn'''), {{link-zh|Piáu-jī|表字|jī}} Huē-hú (惠甫)<ref>陳乃乾《趙惠甫先生年譜》{{zh}}</ref>, it-jī "Uí-hú" (偉甫), {{link-zh|Chai-hô|齋號|tsai-hô}} "Lîng-tsíng-ku" (能靜居), Then-hòng-lâu (天放樓), Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu (落花春雨巢), {{link-zh|jú-bîng|乳名|sió-miâ}} "Kiû-lâi" (來求). Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) jîn-sū. [[Chheng-kok|Tshing-kok]] [[Chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t|tsìng-tī jîn-bu̍t]], [[Le̍k-sú-ha̍k|sú-ha̽k]] hām {{le|hu̍t-ha̍k|Buddhist studies}} {{le|Tì-sek-jîn|Intellectual|ha̽k-tsiá}}. [[Chok-phín|Tù-tsok]] " Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記). Tshin-ba̍k khòaⁿ--tio̍h 1864-nî {{le|Siong-kun lâm-kiaⁿ tô͘-sêng|Third Battle of Nanking|siong-kun lâm-kiañ tôo-siâñ}}. ==Ū-gên tshing-kok hok-bông== <!--趙烈文見解獨特，[[同治]]六年六月二十日（1867年7月21日），他與曾國藩長談，對清廷的看法是「异日之祸必先根本颠仆，而后方州无主，人自为政，殆不出五十年矣。」曾国藩反驳说：「本朝君德正，或不至此。」烈文曰：「国初创业太易<ref>自古得天下之正，莫如我朝。太祖、太宗初无取天下之心。尝兵及京城，诸大臣咸奏云当取。太宗皇帝曰：『明与我国素非和好，今取之甚易；但念中国之主，不忍取也。』后流贼李自成攻破京城，崇祯自缢，臣民相率来迎，乃翦灭闯寇，入承大统」（《[[圣祖仁皇帝圣训]]》卷九《圣治四》，文渊阁《四库全书》史部六、卷 218）。</ref>，诛戮太重，所以有天下者太巧。天道难知，善恶不相掩，后君之德泽，未足恃也。」。--> ==Tù-tsok== Tù-iú iōng "Hîng-tsháu-thé" (行草體) sóo-siá ê "Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記), "Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu jı̽t-kì" (落花春雨巢日记), "Tiáu Uí-hú sian-siñ king-sin pī-luān jı̽t-kì" (趙偉甫先生庚申避亂日記) [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] [[Chok-phín|tù-tsok]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|General Dynamics|General Dynamics}} *{{le|Kieb king-tsè ha̍k-īnn|Kyiv School of Economics}} (Kyiv School of Economics) *{{le|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora}} (Lockheed CP-140 Aurora) *{{le|Thài-khong tiàu-kiànn kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-sóo|Space Telescope Science Institute}} (Space Telescope Science Institute) *{{le|Arianespace|Arianespace}} *{{le|Thomas Francis Wade|Thomas Francis Wade}} *{{le|Joseph Gaertner|Joseph Gaertner}} *{{le|Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Carl Ludwig Willdenow}} *{{le|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim}} *{{le|Columbia hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Columbia Law Review}} (Columbia huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Columbia Law Review) *{{le|Hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Law review}} (huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Law review/huat-lu̍t kî-khan) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Harvard Law School}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t ha̍k-īñ/Harvard Law School) *{{le|Kî-khan ín-chèng pò-kò|Journal Citation Reports}} (Kî-khan ín-tsìng pò-kò/Journal Citation Reports) *{{le|Éng-hióng in-chí|Impact factor}} (Íng-hióng in-tsí/Impact factor) *{{le|Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ jīm-kî chu-giân|Foreword to the Supreme Court term}} (Tsuè-ko huat-īñ jīm-kî tsu-gên/Foreword to the Supreme Court term) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t oān-chō͘ kio̍k|Harvard Legal Aid Bureau}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t uān-tsōo kio̍k/Harvard Legal Aid Bureau) *{{le|Ames bô͘-gí hoat-têng pí-sài|Ames Moot Court Competition}} (Ames bôo-gí huat-tîng pí-sài/Ames Moot Court Competition) *[[Phage T4]] ([[eng-gí]]: Escherichia virus T4) *[[kiat-kòo]] ([[eng-gí]]: structure) *[[kám-jiám]] ([[eng-gí]]: infection) *{{le|Gián-kiú-guân|Research fellow}} (Gén-kiú-guân/Research fellow) *{{le|Yale hoat-lu̍t kî-khan|Yale Law Journal}} (Yale huat-lu̍t kî-khan/Yale Law Journal) *{{le|Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|University of Pennsylvania Law Review}} (Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/University of Pennsylvania Law Review) *{{link-zh|Hô-lâm ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|河南高等法院}} (Hô-lâm ko-tíng huat-īñ/河南高等法院) *{{link-zh|Soaⁿ-tang ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|山東高等法院}} (Suañ-tang ko-tíng huat-īñ/山東高等法院) {{div col end}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *[[王先謙]] 編《[[東華錄]]續編》{{zh}} *《曾文正公手寫日記》{{zh}} *《曾國藩全集》{{zh}} *《曾国藩宦海密谈录:与心腹幕僚赵烈文的九十九次倾心交谈》{{zh}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2021/07/29/979487.html 趙烈文預言清朝不出50年滅亡] {{zh}} *[https://www.laoziliao.net/doc/1636013953896986 趙烈文都預言了什麼？] {{zh}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1832 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1894 nî kòe-sin]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Siong-kun jîn-bu̍t]] [[Category:Bú-chìn jîn]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiō--sī]] q2tcaow21w1tl970qoxz7s86cetmmk2 3133252 3133251 2022-08-09T11:35:12Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Tiáu Le̽t-bûn<!-- use common name/article title --> | honorific_suffix = | image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_upright = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | native_name = {{small|(趙烈文)}} | native_name_lang = [[Hàn-gú]] | pronunciation = Zhào Liè-wén | birth_name = Kiû-lâi (來求)<!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = 1832-nî<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --> | birth_place = Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) | baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --> | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = 1894-nî<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (enter DEATH date then BIRTH date (e.g., ...|1967|31|8|1908|28|2}} use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> | death_place = | death_cause = <!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability--> | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) --> | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | nationality = | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Chan Kok-hoan|Tsan Kok-huan]] ê {{le|Bō͘-liâu pō͘-mn̂g|Staff and line|Bōo-liâu}} ([[su-iâ]]) | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --> | known_for = | notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" --> | style = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --> | television = | title = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) --> | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charges = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name --> | partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --> | children = | parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --> | mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Tiáu Le̽t-bûn''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 趙烈文 (1832-nî－1894-nî); '''Tiō Le̽t-bûn'''), {{link-zh|Piáu-jī|表字|jī}} Huē-hú (惠甫)<ref>陳乃乾《趙惠甫先生年譜》{{zh}}</ref>, it-jī "Uí-hú" (偉甫), {{link-zh|Chai-hô|齋號|tsai-hô}} "Lîng-tsíng-ku" (能靜居), Then-hòng-lâu (天放樓), Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu (落花春雨巢), {{link-zh|jú-bîng|乳名|sió-miâ}} "Kiû-lâi" (來求). Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) jîn-sū. [[Chheng-kok|Tshing-kok]] [[Chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t|tsìng-tī jîn-bu̍t]], [[Le̍k-sú-ha̍k|sú-ha̽k]] hām {{le|hu̍t-ha̍k|Buddhist studies}} {{le|Tì-sek-jîn|Intellectual|ha̽k-tsiá}}. [[Chok-phín|Tù-tsok]] " Lîng-tsíng-ku {{le|ji̍t-kì|Diary|jı̽t-kì}}" (能靜居日記). Tshin-ba̍k khòaⁿ--tio̍h 1864-nî {{le|Siong-kun lâm-kiaⁿ tô͘-sêng|Third Battle of Nanking|siong-kun lâm-kiañ tôo-siâñ}}. ==Ū-gên tshing-kok hok-bông== <!--趙烈文見解獨特，[[同治]]六年六月二十日（1867年7月21日），他與曾國藩長談，對清廷的看法是「异日之祸必先根本颠仆，而后方州无主，人自为政，殆不出五十年矣。」曾国藩反驳说：「本朝君德正，或不至此。」烈文曰：「国初创业太易<ref>自古得天下之正，莫如我朝。太祖、太宗初无取天下之心。尝兵及京城，诸大臣咸奏云当取。太宗皇帝曰：『明与我国素非和好，今取之甚易；但念中国之主，不忍取也。』后流贼李自成攻破京城，崇祯自缢，臣民相率来迎，乃翦灭闯寇，入承大统」（《[[圣祖仁皇帝圣训]]》卷九《圣治四》，文渊阁《四库全书》史部六、卷 218）。</ref>，诛戮太重，所以有天下者太巧。天道难知，善恶不相掩，后君之德泽，未足恃也。」。--> ==Tù-tsok== Tù-iú iōng "Hîng-tsháu-thé" (行草體) sóo-siá ê "Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記), "Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu jı̽t-kì" (落花春雨巢日记), "Tiáu Uí-hú sian-siñ king-sin pī-luān jı̽t-kì" (趙偉甫先生庚申避亂日記) [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] [[Chok-phín|tù-tsok]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|General Dynamics|General Dynamics}} *{{le|Kieb king-tsè ha̍k-īnn|Kyiv School of Economics}} (Kyiv School of Economics) *{{le|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora}} (Lockheed CP-140 Aurora) *{{le|Thài-khong tiàu-kiànn kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-sóo|Space Telescope Science Institute}} (Space Telescope Science Institute) *{{le|Arianespace|Arianespace}} *{{le|Thomas Francis Wade|Thomas Francis Wade}} *{{le|Joseph Gaertner|Joseph Gaertner}} *{{le|Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Carl Ludwig Willdenow}} *{{le|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim}} *{{le|Columbia hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Columbia Law Review}} (Columbia huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Columbia Law Review) *{{le|Hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Law review}} (huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Law review/huat-lu̍t kî-khan) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Harvard Law School}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t ha̍k-īñ/Harvard Law School) *{{le|Kî-khan ín-chèng pò-kò|Journal Citation Reports}} (Kî-khan ín-tsìng pò-kò/Journal Citation Reports) *{{le|Éng-hióng in-chí|Impact factor}} (Íng-hióng in-tsí/Impact factor) *{{le|Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ jīm-kî chu-giân|Foreword to the Supreme Court term}} (Tsuè-ko huat-īñ jīm-kî tsu-gên/Foreword to the Supreme Court term) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t oān-chō͘ kio̍k|Harvard Legal Aid Bureau}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t uān-tsōo kio̍k/Harvard Legal Aid Bureau) *{{le|Ames bô͘-gí hoat-têng pí-sài|Ames Moot Court Competition}} (Ames bôo-gí huat-tîng pí-sài/Ames Moot Court Competition) *[[Phage T4]] ([[eng-gí]]: Escherichia virus T4) *[[kiat-kòo]] ([[eng-gí]]: structure) *[[kám-jiám]] ([[eng-gí]]: infection) *{{le|Gián-kiú-guân|Research fellow}} (Gén-kiú-guân/Research fellow) *{{le|Yale hoat-lu̍t kî-khan|Yale Law Journal}} (Yale huat-lu̍t kî-khan/Yale Law Journal) *{{le|Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|University of Pennsylvania Law Review}} (Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/University of Pennsylvania Law Review) *{{link-zh|Hô-lâm ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|河南高等法院}} (Hô-lâm ko-tíng huat-īñ/河南高等法院) *{{link-zh|Soaⁿ-tang ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|山東高等法院}} (Suañ-tang ko-tíng huat-īñ/山東高等法院) {{div col end}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *[[王先謙]] 編《[[東華錄]]續編》{{zh}} *《曾文正公手寫日記》{{zh}} *《曾國藩全集》{{zh}} *《曾国藩宦海密谈录:与心腹幕僚赵烈文的九十九次倾心交谈》{{zh}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2021/07/29/979487.html 趙烈文預言清朝不出50年滅亡] {{zh}} *[https://www.laoziliao.net/doc/1636013953896986 趙烈文都預言了什麼？] {{zh}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1832 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1894 nî kòe-sin]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Siong-kun jîn-bu̍t]] [[Category:Bú-chìn jîn]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiō--sī]] rboax5vra6fo6fq8kwsjkn505wr67ns 3133253 3133252 2022-08-09T11:35:29Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Tiáu Le̽t-bûn<!-- use common name/article title --> | honorific_suffix = | image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_upright = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | native_name = {{small|(趙烈文)}} | native_name_lang = [[Hàn-gú]] | pronunciation = Zhào Liè-wén | birth_name = Kiû-lâi (來求)<!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = 1832-nî<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --> | birth_place = Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) | baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --> | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = 1894-nî<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (enter DEATH date then BIRTH date (e.g., ...|1967|31|8|1908|28|2}} use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> | death_place = | death_cause = <!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability--> | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) --> | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | nationality = | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Chan Kok-hoan|Tsan Kok-huan]] ê {{le|Bō͘-liâu pō͘-mn̂g|Staff and line|Bōo-liâu}} ([[su-iâ]]) | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --> | known_for = | notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" --> | style = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --> | television = | title = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) --> | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charges = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name --> | partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --> | children = | parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --> | mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Tiáu Le̽t-bûn''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 趙烈文 (1832-nî－1894-nî); '''Tiō Le̽t-bûn'''), {{link-zh|Piáu-jī|表字|jī}} Huē-hú (惠甫)<ref>陳乃乾《趙惠甫先生年譜》{{zh}}</ref>, it-jī "Uí-hú" (偉甫), {{link-zh|Chai-hô|齋號|tsai-hô}} "Lîng-tsíng-ku" (能靜居), Then-hòng-lâu (天放樓), Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu (落花春雨巢), {{link-zh|jú-bîng|乳名|sió-miâ}} "Kiû-lâi" (來求). Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) jîn-sū. [[Chheng-kok|Tshing-kok]] [[Chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t|tsìng-tī jîn-bu̍t]], [[Le̍k-sú-ha̍k|sú-ha̽k]] hām {{le|hu̍t-ha̍k|Buddhist studies}} {{le|Tì-sek-jîn|Intellectual|ha̽k-tsiá}}. [[Chok-phín|Tù-tsok]] " Lîng-tsíng-ku {{le|Ji̍t-kì|Diary|jı̽t-kì}}" (能靜居日記). Tshin-ba̍k khòaⁿ--tio̍h 1864-nî {{le|Siong-kun lâm-kiaⁿ tô͘-sêng|Third Battle of Nanking|siong-kun lâm-kiañ tôo-siâñ}}. ==Ū-gên tshing-kok hok-bông== <!--趙烈文見解獨特，[[同治]]六年六月二十日（1867年7月21日），他與曾國藩長談，對清廷的看法是「异日之祸必先根本颠仆，而后方州无主，人自为政，殆不出五十年矣。」曾国藩反驳说：「本朝君德正，或不至此。」烈文曰：「国初创业太易<ref>自古得天下之正，莫如我朝。太祖、太宗初无取天下之心。尝兵及京城，诸大臣咸奏云当取。太宗皇帝曰：『明与我国素非和好，今取之甚易；但念中国之主，不忍取也。』后流贼李自成攻破京城，崇祯自缢，臣民相率来迎，乃翦灭闯寇，入承大统」（《[[圣祖仁皇帝圣训]]》卷九《圣治四》，文渊阁《四库全书》史部六、卷 218）。</ref>，诛戮太重，所以有天下者太巧。天道难知，善恶不相掩，后君之德泽，未足恃也。」。--> ==Tù-tsok== Tù-iú iōng "Hîng-tsháu-thé" (行草體) sóo-siá ê "Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記), "Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu jı̽t-kì" (落花春雨巢日记), "Tiáu Uí-hú sian-siñ king-sin pī-luān jı̽t-kì" (趙偉甫先生庚申避亂日記) [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] [[Chok-phín|tù-tsok]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|General Dynamics|General Dynamics}} *{{le|Kieb king-tsè ha̍k-īnn|Kyiv School of Economics}} (Kyiv School of Economics) *{{le|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora}} (Lockheed CP-140 Aurora) *{{le|Thài-khong tiàu-kiànn kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-sóo|Space Telescope Science Institute}} (Space Telescope Science Institute) *{{le|Arianespace|Arianespace}} *{{le|Thomas Francis Wade|Thomas Francis Wade}} *{{le|Joseph Gaertner|Joseph Gaertner}} *{{le|Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Carl Ludwig Willdenow}} *{{le|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim}} *{{le|Columbia hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Columbia Law Review}} (Columbia huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Columbia Law Review) *{{le|Hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Law review}} (huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Law review/huat-lu̍t kî-khan) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Harvard Law School}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t ha̍k-īñ/Harvard Law School) *{{le|Kî-khan ín-chèng pò-kò|Journal Citation Reports}} (Kî-khan ín-tsìng pò-kò/Journal Citation Reports) *{{le|Éng-hióng in-chí|Impact factor}} (Íng-hióng in-tsí/Impact factor) *{{le|Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ jīm-kî chu-giân|Foreword to the Supreme Court term}} (Tsuè-ko huat-īñ jīm-kî tsu-gên/Foreword to the Supreme Court term) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t oān-chō͘ kio̍k|Harvard Legal Aid Bureau}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t uān-tsōo kio̍k/Harvard Legal Aid Bureau) *{{le|Ames bô͘-gí hoat-têng pí-sài|Ames Moot Court Competition}} (Ames bôo-gí huat-tîng pí-sài/Ames Moot Court Competition) *[[Phage T4]] ([[eng-gí]]: Escherichia virus T4) *[[kiat-kòo]] ([[eng-gí]]: structure) *[[kám-jiám]] ([[eng-gí]]: infection) *{{le|Gián-kiú-guân|Research fellow}} (Gén-kiú-guân/Research fellow) *{{le|Yale hoat-lu̍t kî-khan|Yale Law Journal}} (Yale huat-lu̍t kî-khan/Yale Law Journal) *{{le|Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|University of Pennsylvania Law Review}} (Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/University of Pennsylvania Law Review) *{{link-zh|Hô-lâm ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|河南高等法院}} (Hô-lâm ko-tíng huat-īñ/河南高等法院) *{{link-zh|Soaⁿ-tang ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|山東高等法院}} (Suañ-tang ko-tíng huat-īñ/山東高等法院) {{div col end}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *[[王先謙]] 編《[[東華錄]]續編》{{zh}} *《曾文正公手寫日記》{{zh}} *《曾國藩全集》{{zh}} *《曾国藩宦海密谈录:与心腹幕僚赵烈文的九十九次倾心交谈》{{zh}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2021/07/29/979487.html 趙烈文預言清朝不出50年滅亡] {{zh}} *[https://www.laoziliao.net/doc/1636013953896986 趙烈文都預言了什麼？] {{zh}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1832 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1894 nî kòe-sin]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Siong-kun jîn-bu̍t]] [[Category:Bú-chìn jîn]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiō--sī]] kol67li407r8yyr0lztz1ea7fvffagn 3133254 3133253 2022-08-09T11:36:20Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Ū-gên tshing-kok hok-bông */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Tiáu Le̽t-bûn<!-- use common name/article title --> | honorific_suffix = | image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_upright = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | native_name = {{small|(趙烈文)}} | native_name_lang = [[Hàn-gú]] | pronunciation = Zhào Liè-wén | birth_name = Kiû-lâi (來求)<!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = 1832-nî<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --> | birth_place = Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) | baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered --> | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = 1894-nî<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (enter DEATH date then BIRTH date (e.g., ...|1967|31|8|1908|28|2}} use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> | death_place = | death_cause = <!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability--> | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) --> | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} --> | monuments = | nationality = | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = [[Chan Kok-hoan|Tsan Kok-huan]] ê {{le|Bō͘-liâu pō͘-mn̂g|Staff and line|Bōo-liâu}} ([[su-iâ]]) | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source --> | known_for = | notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" --> | style = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --> | television = | title = <!-- Formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) --> | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charges = <!-- Criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources --> | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = <!-- Use article title or common name --> | partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) --> | children = | parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --> | mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) --> | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Tiáu Le̽t-bûn''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 趙烈文 (1832-nî－1894-nî); '''Tiō Le̽t-bûn'''), {{link-zh|Piáu-jī|表字|jī}} Huē-hú (惠甫)<ref>陳乃乾《趙惠甫先生年譜》{{zh}}</ref>, it-jī "Uí-hú" (偉甫), {{link-zh|Chai-hô|齋號|tsai-hô}} "Lîng-tsíng-ku" (能靜居), Then-hòng-lâu (天放樓), Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu (落花春雨巢), {{link-zh|jú-bîng|乳名|sió-miâ}} "Kiû-lâi" (來求). Tiong-kok [[Kang-so͘-séng|kang-soo]] {{link-zh|iông-hô͘-kuǎn|陽湖縣|iông-hôo}} (kim sio̍k [[Siông-chiu-chhī|Siông-tsiu]]) jîn-sū. [[Chheng-kok|Tshing-kok]] [[Chèng-tī jîn-bu̍t|tsìng-tī jîn-bu̍t]], [[Le̍k-sú-ha̍k|sú-ha̽k]] hām {{le|hu̍t-ha̍k|Buddhist studies}} {{le|Tì-sek-jîn|Intellectual|ha̽k-tsiá}}. [[Chok-phín|Tù-tsok]] " Lîng-tsíng-ku {{le|Ji̍t-kì|Diary|jı̽t-kì}}" (能靜居日記). Tshin-ba̍k khòaⁿ--tio̍h 1864-nî {{le|Siong-kun lâm-kiaⁿ tô͘-sêng|Third Battle of Nanking|siong-kun lâm-kiañ tôo-siâñ}}. ==Ū-gên tshing-kok hok-bông== Tiáu Le̽t-bûn kiàn-kái to̍k-ti̍k,<!--[[同治]]六年六月二十日（1867年7月21日），他與曾國藩長談，對清廷的看法是「异日之祸必先根本颠仆，而后方州无主，人自为政，殆不出五十年矣。」曾国藩反驳说：「本朝君德正，或不至此。」烈文曰：「国初创业太易<ref>自古得天下之正，莫如我朝。太祖、太宗初无取天下之心。尝兵及京城，诸大臣咸奏云当取。太宗皇帝曰：『明与我国素非和好，今取之甚易；但念中国之主，不忍取也。』后流贼李自成攻破京城，崇祯自缢，臣民相率来迎，乃翦灭闯寇，入承大统」（《[[圣祖仁皇帝圣训]]》卷九《圣治四》，文渊阁《四库全书》史部六、卷 218）。</ref>，诛戮太重，所以有天下者太巧。天道难知，善恶不相掩，后君之德泽，未足恃也。」。--> ==Tù-tsok== Tù-iú iōng "Hîng-tsháu-thé" (行草體) sóo-siá ê "Lîng-tsíng-ku jı̽t-kì" (能靜居日記), "Lo̽k-hua tshun-ú-tsâu jı̽t-kì" (落花春雨巢日记), "Tiáu Uí-hú sian-siñ king-sin pī-luān jı̽t-kì" (趙偉甫先生庚申避亂日記) [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] [[Chok-phín|tù-tsok]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|General Dynamics|General Dynamics}} *{{le|Kieb king-tsè ha̍k-īnn|Kyiv School of Economics}} (Kyiv School of Economics) *{{le|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora|Lockheed CP-140 Aurora}} (Lockheed CP-140 Aurora) *{{le|Thài-khong tiàu-kiànn kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-sóo|Space Telescope Science Institute}} (Space Telescope Science Institute) *{{le|Arianespace|Arianespace}} *{{le|Thomas Francis Wade|Thomas Francis Wade}} *{{le|Joseph Gaertner|Joseph Gaertner}} *{{le|Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Carl Ludwig Willdenow}} *{{le|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim|Alexander Alfonsovich Grossheim}} *{{le|Columbia hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Columbia Law Review}} (Columbia huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Columbia Law Review) *{{le|Hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|Law review}} (huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/Law review/huat-lu̍t kî-khan) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Harvard Law School}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t ha̍k-īñ/Harvard Law School) *{{le|Kî-khan ín-chèng pò-kò|Journal Citation Reports}} (Kî-khan ín-tsìng pò-kò/Journal Citation Reports) *{{le|Éng-hióng in-chí|Impact factor}} (Íng-hióng in-tsí/Impact factor) *{{le|Chòe-ko hoat-īⁿ jīm-kî chu-giân|Foreword to the Supreme Court term}} (Tsuè-ko huat-īñ jīm-kî tsu-gên/Foreword to the Supreme Court term) *{{le|Harvard hoat-lu̍t oān-chō͘ kio̍k|Harvard Legal Aid Bureau}} (Harvard huat-lu̍t uān-tsōo kio̍k/Harvard Legal Aid Bureau) *{{le|Ames bô͘-gí hoat-têng pí-sài|Ames Moot Court Competition}} (Ames bôo-gí huat-tîng pí-sài/Ames Moot Court Competition) *[[Phage T4]] ([[eng-gí]]: Escherichia virus T4) *[[kiat-kòo]] ([[eng-gí]]: structure) *[[kám-jiám]] ([[eng-gí]]: infection) *{{le|Gián-kiú-guân|Research fellow}} (Gén-kiú-guân/Research fellow) *{{le|Yale hoat-lu̍t kî-khan|Yale Law Journal}} (Yale huat-lu̍t kî-khan/Yale Law Journal) *{{le|Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k hoat-lu̍t phêng-lūn|University of Pennsylvania Law Review}} (Pennsylvania tāi-ha̍k huat-lu̍t phîng-lūn/University of Pennsylvania Law Review) *{{link-zh|Hô-lâm ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|河南高等法院}} (Hô-lâm ko-tíng huat-īñ/河南高等法院) *{{link-zh|Soaⁿ-tang ko-téng hoat-īⁿ|山東高等法院}} (Suañ-tang ko-tíng huat-īñ/山東高等法院) {{div col end}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *[[王先謙]] 編《[[東華錄]]續編》{{zh}} *《曾文正公手寫日記》{{zh}} *《曾國藩全集》{{zh}} *《曾国藩宦海密谈录:与心腹幕僚赵烈文的九十九次倾心交谈》{{zh}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2021/07/29/979487.html 趙烈文預言清朝不出50年滅亡] {{zh}} *[https://www.laoziliao.net/doc/1636013953896986 趙烈文都預言了什麼？] {{zh}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1832 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1894 nî kòe-sin]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Siong-kun jîn-bu̍t]] [[Category:Bú-chìn jîn]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiō--sī]] tu0y8uvd9d6unne3irq2z3wcd5xjq54 Eledone moschata 0 1079791 3133244 3132525 2022-08-09T11:26:32Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = Eledone moschata<br>{{small|({{le|Siā-hiuⁿ|Musk|siā-hiuñ}} [[Chiuⁿ-hî|tsio̍h-ki]])}} | image = Ocpodidae - Eledone moschata.JPG | image_caption = ''Eledone moschata'' teh [[Phok-bu̍t-koán|phok-bu̍t-kuán]] lāi-té ê {{le|piau-pún|Biological specimen}} bôo-hîng | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite web|author=Allcock, L. |author2=Taite, M. |author3=Headlam, J. |author4=Allen, G. |date=2018 |title=''Eledone moschata'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T163360A1001723 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T163360A1001723.en |access-date=19 November 2021}} {{en}}</ref> | taxon = Eledone moschata | authority = ([[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lamarck]], 1798)&nbsp;<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=556275 |taxon=''Eledone moschata'' (Lamarck, 1798)}} {{en}}</ref> | synonyms = *''Octopus moschatus'' <small>Lamarck,&nbsp;1798</small> *''Octopus moschites'' <small>Carus,&nbsp;1824</small> *''Ozoena moschata'' <small>(Lamarck,&nbsp;1798)</small> *''Eledona moschata'' <small>(Lamarck,&nbsp;1798)</small> *''Moschites moschatus'' <small>(Lamarck,&nbsp;1798)</small> | synonyms_ref = &nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.somali.asso.fr/clemam/biotaxis.php?X=25624&header=1 |title=Nomenclatural synthesis of ''Eledone moschata'' |publisher=[[Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle]] |work=CLEMAM: Taxonomic Database on European Marine Mollusca |access-date=May 27, 2010}} {{en}}</ref> }} '''Eledone moschata''' ([[ing-gú]]: musky octopus ({{le|Siā-hiuⁿ|Musk|siā-hiuñ}} [[Chiuⁿ-hî|tsio̽h-ki]]); [[ha̍k-miâ]]: Eledone moschata) sī {{le|eledone-sio̍k|Eledone}} ê tsı̽t-tsióng [[Chiuⁿ-hî|tsio̽h-ki]], sing-ua̍h teh [[tē-tiong-hái]] 400-[[m]] í-siōng [[hái|hái-ı̽k]] ê {{le|hái-tsông|Seabed|hái-tshn̂g}} tíng-kuân, ū-tang-sî-á mā ē-tàng teh lím-kīn [[tē-tiong-hái]] ê [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|tāi-se-iûñ]] [[hái|hái-ı̽k]] khuàñ-tio̽h. Eledone moschata tsú-iàu í [[kah-khak tōng-bu̍t]] uî-[[Chia̍h-mi̍h|sı̽t]], m̄-kəh mā ē-sái [[Chia̍h|tsia̽h]] kok-tsióng {{le|nńg-thé tōng-bu̽t|Mollusca}} hām [[hî|hî-luī]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alp Salman |author2=Tuncer Katagan |author3=Ali Cemal Gücü |title=The distribution and fishing of two Mediterranean ''Eledone spp.'' (Octopoda: Cephalopoda) in the Aegean Sea |journal=Turkish Journal of Zoology |volume=24 |year=2000 |pages=165–171 |url=http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-00-24-2/zoo-24-2-7-9904-8.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227073519/http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-00-24-2/zoo-24-2-7-9904-8.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-27 |access-date=2020-03-16 |dead-url=no }} {{en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140601 |title=WoRMS |accessdate=2020-03-16 |archive-date=2017-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821174235/http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140601 |dead-url=no }} {{en}}</ref><ref name=Doris>{{Cite web |url=http://doris.ffessm.fr/Especes/Eledone-moschata-Eledone-musquee-849 |title=DORIS - Données d'Observations pour la Reconnaissance et l'Identification de la faune et la flore Subaquatiques |accessdate=2020-03-16 |archive-date=2019-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618182239/http://doris.ffessm.fr/Especes/Eledone-moschata-Eledone-musquee-849 |dead-url=no }} {{en}}</ref> ==Tôo-siōng== ''<small>Ti̍t-tsiap tiám-kik {{le|Sok-tô͘|Thumbnail|sok-tôo}} tō ē-tàng kā tôo-siōng hòng-tuā.</small>'' <gallery widths="152" heights="110"> File:Moschuskrake2.jpg|''Eledone moschata'' ê ua̍h-thé File:Eledone moschata1.jpg|[[Chhah-tô͘|Tshah-tôo]] File:Eledone moschata.jpg|Tshah-tôo (1845) File: CefalopodiViventinelGolfodiNapoliTav3.jpg|Tshah-tôo (1896) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pholân kó͘-seng-bu̍t ha̍k-pò|Acta Palaeontologica Polonica}} (Pholân kóo-sing-bu̽t ha̽k-pò/Acta Palaeontologica Polonica) *{{link-fr|Hù-ka hû-hō latin jī-bó|Lettres supplémentaires de l'alphabet latin}} (tsoo-ha̽p hù-ka hû-hō/Lettres supplémentaires de l'alphabet latin) *{{le|Unicode jī-hû lia̍t-toaⁿ|List of Unicode characters}} (Unicode jī-hû le̽t-tuañ/List of Unicode characters) *{{le|Cho͘-ha̍p hù-ka hû-hō|Combining Diacritical Marks}} (tsoo-ha̽p hù-ka hû-hō/Combining Diacritical Marks) *{{le|Zaporizhzhia chiàn-e̍k|Battle of Zaporizhzhia}} (Zaporizhzhia tsèn-ı̽k/Battle of Zaporizhzhia) *{{le|Hun-chi tô͘|Cladogram}} (Hun-tsi tôo/Cladogram) *{{le|Australasian lâm-ki̍k khó-cha-tuī|Australasian Antarctic Expedition}} (Australasian lâm-kı̽k khó-tsa-tuī/Australasian Antarctic Expedition) {{div col end}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn== {{refbegin}} * ''[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140601 Eledone moschata]'' - World Register of Marine Species. {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat|Eledone moschata}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2296077}} [[Category:Eledone|moschata]] [[Category:Cephalopods described in 1798]] [[Category:Marine molluscs of Europe]] [[Category:Cephalopods of Europe]] lnro4z1lws0bjkx8ay9ikk2xx1cvifq Magellan hái-kiap 0 1079819 3132999 3132903 2022-08-08T15:10:05Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} *{{le|Comanche-gúlanguage|Comanche language}} (Comanche language/Comanche-gí) {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] oa4t99h3etyb6e09xhbr8keolovf17x 3133000 3132999 2022-08-08T15:11:36Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} *{{le|Comanche-gúlanguage|Comanche language}} (Comanche language/Comanche-gí) {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] thf0v1c99qmeayoacso35ygvgqkyc0g 3133002 3133000 2022-08-08T15:12:20Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} *{{le|Comanche-gúlanguage|Comanche language}} (Comanche language/Comanche-gí) {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] rhnxrtfwy2st2vp0i2qpsaqxvvwgt23 3133247 3133002 2022-08-09T11:29:17Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== ''<small>Ti̍t-tsiap tiám-kik {{le|Sok-tô͘|Thumbnail|sok-tôo}} tō ē-tàng kā tôo-siōng hòng-tuā.</small>'' <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} *{{le|Comanche-gúlanguage|Comanche language}} (Comanche language/Comanche-gí) {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] jrqpvglajhdoepkxi90vd84h33n5utj Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘ 0 1079827 3132955 3132941 2022-08-08T12:50:34Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]] [[Siông-san-khu]] [[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|Tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|Tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] covhr3uuk2yrd9pms6iztzf3opj22qn 3132956 3132955 2022-08-08T13:23:35Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]] [[Siông-san-khu]] [[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|Tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|Tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 1llvlbfk5ejjavytsu75q3udem8tuvs 3132965 3132956 2022-08-08T13:47:58Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]] [[Siông-san-khu]] [[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|Tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|Tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Interceptor aircraft) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 6iiydlai9fq5zoojgsdmueqe53i421h 3132966 3132965 2022-08-08T13:49:07Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]] [[Siông-san-khu]] [[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|Tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|Tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] csgkp7c5vsm7j1qfr6td21r1fg305do 3132967 3132966 2022-08-08T13:49:56Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]] [[Siông-san-khu]] [[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|Tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|Tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 5hvepexkuwunl362z8xhn6q9jvtph2v AIM-120 tō-tān 0 1079829 3132942 2022-08-08T12:23:16Z Andreicuax 54001 '''AIM-120 tō-tān''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá AMRAAM (huat-im tsò AM-ram))sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū lu… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki '''AIM-120 tō-tān''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá AMRAAM (huat-im tsò AM-ram))sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] inw18671esdszjvanfdfurula594hun 3132943 3132942 2022-08-08T12:27:20Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 tō-tān<bt>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = United States | type = Medium-range, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 tō-tān''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá AMRAAM (huat-im tsò AM-ram))sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] ekgoll94t1e7wvnw710qpzk9hk6h85i 3132944 3132943 2022-08-08T12:28:22Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 tō-tān<bt>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = United States | type = Medium-range, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 tō-tān''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (huat-im tsò AM-ram))sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 312nlodhaqhi45mdejs2wwtq1s49wad 3132945 3132944 2022-08-08T12:30:00Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 tō-tān<bt>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = United States | type = Medium-range, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 tō-tān''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò AM-ram))sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] henw2n9mfiluj1gyvkrr5o9orbl5cge 3132946 3132945 2022-08-08T12:31:40Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 tō-tān<bt>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = United States | type = Medium-range, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 tō-tān''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 2p66nqtnckrl6w4sdkkhl08gsrhvtds 3132947 3132946 2022-08-08T12:32:22Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 tō-tān<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = United States | type = Medium-range, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 tō-tān''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 9kin4hwat1ampd0sjgg2s70d699hgmf 3132948 3132947 2022-08-08T12:33:27Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 tō-tān<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 tō-tān''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] lsajgft06d0w4dgre0cb3u5ifs73j96 3132949 3132948 2022-08-08T12:34:56Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] aoai0kos2177d7dvzozzp4xjfsaa3xl 3132950 3132949 2022-08-08T12:37:01Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM). ē-sái tsuân thian-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] gtqjfdyf6qk1quuw4q8wqgjyya65qa8 3132951 3132950 2022-08-08T12:39:19Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 cm), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] nfn8z2o9gn31mn6wmszrm7gqz2qsmi8 3132952 3132951 2022-08-08T12:40:23Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997–present | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] jvo3wexke5c1mof4sogdit6mz6fcc2r 3132953 3132952 2022-08-08T12:46:09Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–present | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 5q84hwodjiey7taqqwburza7jvc8ivt 3132954 3132953 2022-08-08T12:48:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] azwr9nxhb2g7ixtrins8sq40dkl8y6j 3132957 3132954 2022-08-08T13:25:29Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 6cxf97jca704o04jc8dcf99ivr9wd39 3132958 3132957 2022-08-08T13:27:59Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] pg6kpoj3ih3yw6gd7i0wf0tdddwbxl9 3132959 3132958 2022-08-08T13:31:50Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 2ofeao7pah16rj8alfmggi4y3ns2qwd 3132962 3132959 2022-08-08T13:37:32Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] dmulnc0axqtt6ol2t7ucz6e9zapmwai 3132963 3132962 2022-08-08T13:45:22Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-sik */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile" ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] jnxzeoyw1c4241u46qq4pg0yku4ra05 3132964 3132963 2022-08-08T13:45:53Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-sik */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] m0si3zwx4e3ujqs12bcileb955wvrks 3132968 3132964 2022-08-08T13:50:16Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] a047ajcswds5sx0zlbls5m7gjg9fbuu 3132983 3132968 2022-08-08T14:38:01Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] efvsihgrgxglsdxsak7xx5my4saua7h 3132984 3132983 2022-08-08T14:38:17Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 1pkfs88wsvy1jw3t2i1d8180a9b4rmx 3132985 3132984 2022-08-08T14:38:43Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] [[air-to-air missile]] | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 177ftbt16t0i54xnr2za8203j7530vv 3133015 3132985 2022-08-08T15:32:06Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, [[active radar homing]] {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] j2ofuwbglpm34aegfowxkafirzp6lr8 3133016 3133015 2022-08-08T15:35:19Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|sú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] ttxno6vpzv677nqlxgjckf4fwloy5cs 3133017 3133016 2022-08-08T15:35:39Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|Tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] rsfz2sr3dezjq9ffkjpove6e700e78l 3133018 3133017 2022-08-08T15:35:50Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] imox7dxwhsdr076pepfr2o9b05jk9pf 3133055 3133018 2022-08-08T17:57:36Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] gx4cvj6i1lllebj4d0tzxe8mz1e9qxp 3133056 3133055 2022-08-08T18:00:59Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] elohbtouy43lrefe33vz33nsywbg0pt 3133060 3133056 2022-08-08T18:11:33Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] l8sfux13wmn8k3ncoap5yhrch8w6j15 3133079 3133060 2022-08-08T20:24:34Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] akefbk2g461zg8wowr0nnem1a8cbjfp 3133084 3133079 2022-08-08T20:42:29Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] soyb1f0f99hbryghj500781t071wfb6 3133149 3133084 2022-08-08T23:36:11Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) **{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] fhbm7yuqivuxba8861b50pc4oj8fgjs 3133151 3133149 2022-08-08T23:39:52Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] rw0r00wxyheyudfckkaiuvk75ekvs6d 3133152 3133151 2022-08-08T23:44:56Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|Close central unrounded vowel}} (Close central unrounded vowel) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 8dliq2y4m22e5b0je7j5s27who19tax 3133153 3133152 2022-08-08T23:46:26Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = [[Gulf War]]<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3/Fox-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|Close central unrounded vowel}} (Close central unrounded vowel) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] tv833gj441yp2qjr25sgyg4hmyiloq3 3133154 3133153 2022-08-08T23:59:48Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = {{le|Phosu-oan chiàn-cheng|Gulf War|Phosu-uan tsèn-tsing}}<br>[[Bosnian War]]<br>[[Kosovo War]]<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3/Fox-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|Close central unrounded vowel}} (Close central unrounded vowel) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 57q1hwull7xloononnwkwurxri2ohbb 3133155 3133154 2022-08-09T00:03:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = {{le|Phosu-oan chiàn-cheng|Gulf War|Phosu-uan tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Bosnia chiàn-cheng|Bosnian War|Bosnia tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Kosovo chiàn-cheng|Kosovo War|Kosovo tsèn-tsing}}<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3/Fox-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|Close central unrounded vowel}} (Close central unrounded vowel) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 1rqn2b7f433v300a2sec048klaxpmu3 3133156 3133155 2022-08-09T00:08:23Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = {{le|Phosu-oan chiàn-cheng|Gulf War|Phosu-uan tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Bosnia chiàn-cheng|Bosnian War|Bosnia tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Kosovo chiàn-cheng|Kosovo War|Kosovo tsèn-tsing}}<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3/Fox-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|Close central unrounded vowel}} (Close central unrounded vowel) *{{link-fr|Ꙑ|Ꙑ}} *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 97e8bkm3phv0ns2vrhnfy6g8v9ykxo4 3133160 3133156 2022-08-09T00:20:47Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = {{le|Phosu-oan chiàn-cheng|Gulf War|Phosu-uan tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Bosnia chiàn-cheng|Bosnian War|Bosnia tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Kosovo chiàn-cheng|Kosovo War|Kosovo tsèn-tsing}}<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3/Fox-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|Close central unrounded vowel}} (Close central unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{link-fr|Ꙑ|Ꙑ}} *{{le|Ɨ|Ɨ}} *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 0jwxffr0holnfqggr4diidleefplld3 3133188 3133160 2022-08-09T09:22:40Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = {{le|Phosu-oan chiàn-cheng|Gulf War|Phosu-uan tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Bosnia chiàn-cheng|Bosnian War|Bosnia tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Kosovo chiàn-cheng|Kosovo War|Kosovo tsèn-tsing}}<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3/Fox-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|Close central unrounded vowel}} (Close central unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{link-fr|Ꙑ|Ꙑ}} *{{le|Ɨ|Ɨ}} *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Olga Lebedeva|Olga Lebedeva}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 9dmnveu34nde7foj949adgztmv12wky 3133243 3133188 2022-08-09T11:25:40Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | is_missile = yes | name = AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]<br>{{small|(AIM-120 AMRAAM)}} | image = AIM120AMRAAM.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = | origin = [[Bíkok]] | type = Tiong-tîng, {{le|Chú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín|Active radar homing|tsú-tōng luî-ta̍t tō-ín}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} | used_by = [[#Operators|See ''operators'']] | wars = {{le|Phosu-oan chiàn-cheng|Gulf War|Phosu-uan tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Bosnia chiàn-cheng|Bosnian War|Bosnia tsèn-tsing}}<br>{{le|Kosovo chiàn-cheng|Kosovo War|Kosovo tsèn-tsing}}<br>[[Su-lī-a Lōe-chiàn|Sūlīa luē-tsèn]] | manufacturer = • [[Hughes Aircraft|Hughes]]: 1991–97 <br />• [[Raytheon]]: 1997-bo̍ktsên | unit_cost = • [[US$]]300,000–$400,000 for 120C variants <br />• $1,786,000<small>(FY2014)</small> for 120D<ref name="FY15budget">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | page=53 | format=pdf | title=United States Department Of Defense Fiscal Year 2015 Budget Request Program Acquisition Cost By Weapon System | publisher=Office Of The Under Secretary Of Defense (Comptroller)/ Chief Financial Officer | date=March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918222053/http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2015/fy2015_Weapons.pdf#page=53 | archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref><br>{{US$|1,090,000}}<ref name=theDrive>{{cite web|title=Here Is What Each Of The Pentagon's Air-Launched Missiles And Bombs Actually Cost | url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/32277/here-is-what-each-of-the-pentagons-air-launched-missiles-and-bombs-actually-cost |date=February 18, 2020| access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> (AIM-120D FY 2019) | propellant = | production_date = | service = {{start date|1991|09}}–bo̍ktsên | variants = AIM-120A, AIM-120B, AIM-120C, AIM-120C-4/5/6/7/8, AIM-120D | engine = [[Solid-fuel rocket]] motor | weight = {{convert |335|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert |12|ft|m|abbr=on}} | height = | diameter = {{convert |7|in|mm|abbr=on}} | wingspan = {{convert |20.7|in|mm|abbr=on}} AIM-120A/B | speed = {{convert|4|Mach|km/h mph}}<ref name=parsch/><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx |title=AIM-120 AMRAAM|access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021543/http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/AIM-120D-AMRAAM_a001164006.aspx|website=deagel.com |archive-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |title=AIM-120 turn rate at 60k feet |access-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074455/https://forums.eagle.ru/showthread.php?t=157310 |archive-date=March 1, 2019 }}</ref> | vehicle_range = • AIM-120A/B: {{nowrap|55–75 km}} ({{nowrap|30–40 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch>{{citation |publisher= Designation Systems |url= http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |title= M-120 |first=Andreas|last=Parsch|date=25 July 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050130092522/http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html |archive-date= January 30, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Doug | last = Richardson | language = de | title =Stealth – Unsichtbare Flugzeuge| publisher = Stocker-Schmid | place = Dietkion-Zürich | year =2002| isbn= 978-3-7276-7096-1}}</ref><br /> • AIM-120C-5: {{nowrap|>105 km}} ({{nowrap|>57 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name=parsch/><br /> • AIM-120D : {{nowrap|>160 km}} ({{nowrap|>86 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]}})<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|title=New long-range missile project emerges in US budget|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126120146/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-long-range-missile-project-emerges-in-us-budget-442816/|archive-date=November 26, 2017}}</ref> | ceiling = | altitude = | filling = [[High explosive]] [[blast-fragmentation]]<br /> • AIM-120A/B: WDU-33/B, {{Convert |50|lb|lk =on|1}}<br /> • AIM-120C-5: WDU-41/B, {{Convert |40|lb|1}} | guidance = [[inertial guidance]], terminal [[active radar homing]], optional [[mid-course update]] [[datalink]] | detonation = Active RADAR Target Detection Device (TDD)<br /> Quadrant Target Detection Device (QTDD) in AIM-120C-6 – lots 13+.<ref name="DTIC1">{{cite report|date=2003–2004 |title=Updated Weapons File |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111003/http://www.dtic.mil/dticasd/sbir/sbir041/srch/af276.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 }}</ref> | launch_platform = '''Aircraft:''' *[[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] *[[British Aerospace Hawk 200]] *[[Eurofighter Typhoon]] *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki|F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki]] *[[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle|KAI FA-50 Golden Eagle]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor]] *[[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|McDonnell Douglas AV-8B+ Harrier II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle]] *[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] *[[Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5 S/T]] *[[Panavia Tornado ADV]] *[[Sea Harrier FA2]] *[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] *[[Saab JA37 Viggen]] <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/JA37_Notis_2.htm | title=JA37 Viggen Jaktviggen }}</ref> '''Surface-launched:''' *[[NASAMS]] and others }} '''AIM-120 [[Tō-tôaⁿ|tō-tān]]''' ([[ing-gú]]: AIM-120{{efn|name=Note}} sen-tsìn tiong-tîng khong tuì khong tō-tān, hi̍k-tsiá '''AIM-120 AMRAAM''' (AMRAAM tsit-ê kán-tshing huat-im tsò {{respell|AM|ram}})) sī tsi̍t-tsióng Bí-kok {{le|Chiau sī-kú tō-tān|Beyond-visual-range missile|tshiau sī-kú}} {{le|khong tuì khong tō-tān|Air-to-air missile}} (BVRAAM), ē-sái tsuân then-hiôu hām iā-kan tshau-tsok. AIM-120 i-ê ti̍t-kìng uî 7 ing-tshùn (18 [[cm]]), tshái-iōng tsú-tōng huat-siā tsiap-siū luî-ta̍t tsè-tō iah-m̄-kò m̄ sī puànn tsú-tōng kan-na sī tsiap-siu luî-ta̍t tsè-tō. AIM-120 sī tsi̍t-tsióng {{le|Siā-āu put-lí|Fire-and-forget|tsik-huat tsik-khì}} ê bú-khì, bó tshin-tshiūnn tíng tsi̍t-tāi {{le|Chhek-chiáu-á tō-tān|AIM-7 Sparrow|tshik-tsiáu-á tō-tān}} su-iàu huat-siā-ki ín-tō. M̄-kù teh AIM-120 tō-tān huat-siā ê sî-tsūn, Pak-iok hui-hîng-guân sī sú-iōng {{le|To ho̍k-sāi chiàn-su̍t kán-bé|kán-bé}} "{{le|Fox (tāi-bé jī-bó)|Fox (code word)|Fox Sam}}" (Hôo-lî Sam/Hôolî-3/Fox-3).[10] ==Tsù-sik== {{Notelist|refs= {{efn|name=Note|"AIM" stands for "Air Intercept Missile"; ("AIM" (₭NT) piáu-sī "Khong-tiong Nuâ-tsa̍h Tō-tān" (Air Intercept Missile))<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/Air-Intercept-Missile-AIM-7-Sparrow|title=Air Intercept Missile (AIM)-7 Sparrow|publisher=navair.navy.mil|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>}} }} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{Refbegin|3}} *{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfpBbuIlfV0C | title= Illustrated Directory of Modern American Weapons| last2 = Miller| first2 = David |publisher= Zenith | year = 2002 |isbn=978-0-7603-1346-6|chapter=AIM-120 AMRAAM| last1 =Bonds|first1 =Ray }} *{{Cite book|title=Fighter Wing|last=Clancy|first=Tom| publisher = Harper Collins | year = 1995|isbn=978-0-00-255527-2|location= London |chapter=Ordnance: How Bombs Got 'Smart'}} *{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over Southern Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7}} {{Refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|Poàn khai chêng put oân-tûn bú-im|Open-mid front unrounded vowel}} (Open-mid front unrounded vowel) *{{le|Cho̍k khí-gûn sat-im|Voiced dental and alveolar plosives}} (Voiced dental and alveolar plosives) *{{le|Pì āu put oân-tûn bú-im|Close back unrounded vowel}} (Close back unrounded vowel) *{{le|Pì iong put oân-tûn bú-im|Close central unrounded vowel}} (Close central unrounded vowel) *{{le|Ɛ|Latin epsilon}} (Latin epsilon) *{{link-fr|Ꙑ|Ꙑ}} *{{le|Ɨ|Ɨ}} *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Olga Lebedeva|Olga Lebedeva}} *{{le|Argo Navis Chō|Argo Navis}} (Argo Navis tsō/Argo Navis) *{{le|Lyon-Meudon seng-hē-gōe sò͘-kì-khò͘|Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database}} (Lyon-Meudon seng-hē-guē sòo-kì-khòo/Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database (LEDA)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{Official website|http://www.raytheon.com/capabilities/products/amraam/}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-120.html AIM-120 at Designation-Systems]. * {{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-raytheon-hits-milestone-for-missile-that-c-433620/ |title= ANALYSIS: Raytheon hits milestone for missile that changed air warfare |date= 6 February 2017 |work= Flight Global |author= Stephen Trimble |location= Washington, D.C.}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aim-120 Amraam}} [[Category:Post–Cold War air-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM-120]] [[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of the United States|AIM120]] [[Category:Raytheon Company products]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1990 nî-tāi ín-chìn ê kun-sū chong-pī]] [[Category:Fire-and-forget weapons]] 9ifthomxyogxtnewze86x9p3xrl38yw Washington Crossing the Delaware 0 1079830 3132969 2022-08-08T14:15:04Z Andreicuax 54001 '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sann-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton,… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sann-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|1851 painting]] mqi3bixs8299juexyhdvscm8lh2cpt9 3132970 3132969 2022-08-08T14:18:29Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Oil painting|Oil on canvas]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sann-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|1851 painting]] 8simr6gepqlnje5mj3mlnv7ecgkjygl 3132971 3132970 2022-08-08T14:20:00Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Oil painting|Oil on canvas]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sann-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|1851 painting]] gnzrrq5zoa86evzepf5zl4lkbhfqb73 3132972 3132971 2022-08-08T14:20:19Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = {{small|Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])}}<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Oil painting|Oil on canvas]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sann-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River|1851 painting]] 8bad406w4t13xq1trkj95ydqnu43b5q 3132973 3132972 2022-08-08T14:23:33Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = {{small|Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])}}<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Oil painting|Oil on canvas]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sann-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] hyajukfds9ay8hmo6sknkekwcl3lxl4 3132981 3132973 2022-08-08T14:33:21Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = {{small|Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])}}<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sann-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] bjvyqrszurj7pf7qogfdh8okzbf9gci 3132982 3132981 2022-08-08T14:35:03Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = {{small|Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])}}<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] spnlwf6mn1jbqgsoqb0bj0ef3v2wk4n 3132986 3132982 2022-08-08T14:39:13Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = {{small|Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])}}<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] j8nku2wrtra714kwtzvgqvw45jx0vss 3132987 3132986 2022-08-08T14:43:46Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = {{small|Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])}}<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] g5o6lqhju1mwnwb3t1xdxcsvfl632jz 3133013 3132987 2022-08-08T15:27:52Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = {{small|Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])}}<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] qyb94wcglmlqg0r34yun1gxan3fvula 3133027 3133013 2022-08-08T16:30:51Z 唐吉訶德的侍從 4099 唐吉訶德的侍從 iōng choán-ia̍h sóa ia̍h-bīn [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)]] kòe [[Washington Crossing the Delaware]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = {{small|Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]])}}<br>{{small|(Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) ([[Ing-gú]]: Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] qyb94wcglmlqg0r34yun1gxan3fvula 3133029 3133027 2022-08-08T16:37:07Z 唐吉訶德的侍從 4099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pò͘-bīn iû-oē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''''Washington Crossing the Delaware''''' ("Washington the-tō͘ {{ill|Delaware Hô|en|Delaware River}}") sī {{ill|Bí-kok ê Tek-kok-lâng|en|German Americans}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{ill|Emanuel Leutze|en|Emanuel Leutze}} tī [[1851 nî]] oē ê [[iû-oē]]. ==Chham-khó chu-liāu== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] lntyle1zkama2nkmreotnxba5g0mqlh 3133030 3133029 2022-08-08T16:37:34Z 唐吉訶德的侍從 4099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pò͘-bīn iû-oē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''''Washington Crossing the Delaware''''' ("[[George Washington|Washington]] the-tō͘ {{ill|Delaware Hô|en|Delaware River}}") sī {{ill|Bí-kok ê Tek-kok-lâng|en|German Americans}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{ill|Emanuel Leutze|en|Emanuel Leutze}} tī [[1851 nî]] oē ê [[iû-oē]]. ==Chham-khó chu-liāu== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington in art]] [[Category:Paintings by Emanuel Leutze]] [[Category:Paintings about the American Revolution]] [[Category:Maritime paintings]] [[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [[Category:Vandalized works of art in the United States]] [[Category:1851 paintings]] [[Category:Art in the White House]] [[Category:Flags in art]] [[Category:Sun in art]] [[Category:Cultural depictions of James Monroe]] [[Category:Marshall Roberts Collection]] [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] syw144e2dddmb18ycpajptg2p5141ii 3133033 3133030 2022-08-08T16:40:24Z 唐吉訶德的侍從 4099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pò͘-bīn iû-oē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''''Washington Crossing the Delaware''''' ("[[George Washington|Washington]] the-tō͘ {{ill|Delaware Hô|en|Delaware River}}") sī {{ill|Bí-kok ê Tek-kok-lâng|en|German Americans}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{ill|Emanuel Leutze|en|Emanuel Leutze}} tī [[1851 nî]] oē ê [[iû-oē]]. ==Chham-khó chu-liāu== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:Kòe-ōe]] [[Category:Washington Crossing the Delaware| ]] ns77x2pq2sbkcke89bi1dis9wu1o4qm 3133075 3133033 2022-08-08T20:18:28Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[Tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 19ad28zolwnejuc4p4jsc8d0k4gc6b0 3133076 3133075 2022-08-08T20:18:45Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 3q5yn6bupx1xgxj1plb567mrgcac00p 3133093 3133076 2022-08-08T21:23:47Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], and [[Minnesota Marine Art Museum]], [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] c47o3i2vmrkws32yiip9xqrwhe5fowc 3133094 3133093 2022-08-08T21:28:03Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], ham7 {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}} [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] sbym025oz1386juthpu58ijcp1dwhxc 3133096 3133094 2022-08-08T21:30:08Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Winona, Minnesota]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 4lj0pcp8h56qm2lgqipj4v6w8c7d2f3 3133097 3133096 2022-08-08T21:31:14Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] hc1bvx7li1fivksr5gjdjx6kenb5dak 3133098 3133097 2022-08-08T21:32:49Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]])}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] m0ni4vusr5273m03ku79kvah0buufax 3133102 3133098 2022-08-08T21:45:47Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]])}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] raypfef91s3hazxfra7678bodsoqge4 3133103 3133102 2022-08-08T21:47:03Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]])}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 2ulmxmgwrz15il4yvnvpcd4bkspt1oc 3133104 3133103 2022-08-08T21:51:19Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]])}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} * [[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)|''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1851 painting)]], by Emanuel Leutze * [[Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting)]], by Larry Rivers * [[Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|"Washington Crossing the Delaware" (sonnet)]], a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] f0gkz6l2vyo0pfhytaktio8e7kqtt17 3133105 3133104 2022-08-08T21:54:02Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]])}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting)]], by Larry Rivers * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet)]], a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] dnk6d57gpn8ln342bpkixzzj9qxtqln 3133106 3133105 2022-08-08T21:54:15Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]])}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting)]], by Larry Rivers * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet), a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] j07jfp24fulve7ctfryf6w4zvxi2fni 3133107 3133106 2022-08-08T21:55:58Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]])}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by Larry Rivers * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet), a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] a4uqs95s7g6gcli4iww2j41mllmjcta 3133108 3133107 2022-08-08T21:56:26Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]])}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by Larry Rivers * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet), a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 8raym19aephdxjvzr3gty846mfq5le3 3133109 3133108 2022-08-08T21:57:07Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]))}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by Larry Rivers * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet), a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] skimtpg52zjagrx3eu3o7t01qzantkj 3133110 3133109 2022-08-08T21:58:16Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by Larry Rivers * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet), a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] i912icvy2k4q1dsc0fzoq1sh1j4uh1u 3133111 3133110 2022-08-08T21:59:35Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet), a 1936 sonnet by David Shulman ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] s43f4xvkw8skcwa2hxdwdbt357t69w8 3133112 3133111 2022-08-08T22:01:27Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 3tyl4aooqhp64zzjdwrlw0jbh77omu9 3133113 3133112 2022-08-08T22:02:32Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} * {{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware ({{le|Sonnet|sonnet}})}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (sonnet), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 3ypswa4ajgc51is3hwn5b0kn6p6472x 3133114 3133113 2022-08-08T22:03:21Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|Sonnet|ssonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 0hstry8erxt174dtmbupk44skz5htma 3133115 3133114 2022-08-08T22:03:34Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|ssonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] o3ts4k3fq8q1tbz7d36snrlx4wpc1oa 3133116 3133115 2022-08-08T22:03:45Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] s3kyzrzl7gvwph7xzlr7aikx2zho8gr 3133117 3133116 2022-08-08T22:15:48Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1776)}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] haiaj56mv1g8fvxkx3g8of3tpc5n8hi 3133118 3133117 2022-08-08T22:16:15Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1776))}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] tnsysqo9w52bvlh1h8zg03daoe6we56 3133119 3133118 2022-08-08T22:21:31Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1776))}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * ''{{le|The Passage of the Delaware|The Passage of the Delaware}}'', 1819 painting by {{le|Thomas SullyThomas Sully}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] ffmtmxbvl9i6q512v8tnrrso6osdvz1 3133120 3133119 2022-08-08T22:21:48Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1776))}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * ''{{le|The Passage of the Delaware|The Passage of the Delaware}}'', 1819 painting by {{le|Thomas Sully|Thomas Sully}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] qbjhmbcyq4vtjmjzldr15j5x3fxznka 3133121 3133120 2022-08-08T22:39:47Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851))}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} * ''{{le|The Passage of the Delaware|The Passage of the Delaware}}'', 1819 painting by {{le|Thomas Sully|Thomas Sully}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] buwu5aceg0ijfhy7oeuarsy9b0p8otb 3133189 3133121 2022-08-09T09:41:48Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851))}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== * ''{{le|The Passage of the Delaware|The Passage of the Delaware}}'', 1819 painting by {{le|Thomas Sully|Thomas Sully}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] 93e899zasud8hl8086yfxm35jzzj5jx 3133190 3133189 2022-08-09T09:42:52Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851))}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[The New York Times|New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== * ''{{le|The Passage of the Delaware|The Passage of the Delaware}}'', 1819 painting by {{le|Thomas Sully|Thomas Sully}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] kbfmprp7t8bla9z7prpc9cldy7525um 3133191 3133190 2022-08-09T09:43:23Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artwork | title = Washington Crossing the Delaware<br>{{small|(Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]] (1851))}} | image_file = Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg | image_size = 350px | artist = [[Emanuel Leutze]] | year = 1851 | medium = [[Iû-oē|Pòo-bīn iû-uē]] | height_metric = 378.5 | width_metric = 647.7 | height_imperial = 149 | width_imperial = 255 | metric_unit = cm | imperial_unit = in | city = | museum = {{le|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[New York City|New York]], hām {{le|Minnesotah ái-iûⁿ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-koán|Minnesota Art Museum|Minnesota hái-iûñ gē-su̍t phok-bu̍t-kuán}}, [[Minnesota]] [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] }} '''Washington Crossing the Delaware ([[tâi-gú]]: Washington hîng-tōo {{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River|Delware}} [[Khe|hô]]''' (1851 [[Kòe-ōe|huē-uē]]) sī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} [[gē-su̍t-ka]] {{le|Emanuel Leutze|Emanuel Leutze}} tī 1851-nî sañ-pak [[Iû-oē|iû-uē]] ê {{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)|piau-tê}}. 2022-nî 4-gue̍h, {{le|Christie's|Christie's}} suan-pòo, tsit pak khak-se hù ê uē-tsok tio̍h-beh tī 5-gue̍h teh phah-bē-huē tíng-kuân tshut-bē, ū-siū kóo-kè uî 15 tsì 2000 bān bí-kim.<ref>{{cite news | last =Cramer | first =Maria | title =Washington Crossing the Delaware' Is Up for Sale. (Not That One.): It's a smaller version of the giant painting at the Met in New York, and it hung in the White House for years. Christie's thinks it could sell for at least $15 million next month. | newspaper =[[The New York Times|New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 26, 2022| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/26/us/washington-crossing-delaware-painting-christies-auction.html| access-date =April 26, 2022 }} {{en}}</ref> Tsuè-āu tsit-pak tôo í 4300 bān bí-kim ê kè-siàu siū-tshut. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *Anne Hawkes Hutton, ''Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware''. Chilton Book Company, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8019-6418-0}}. A detailed history of the painting, the actual crossing of the Delaware by American forces, and the life of Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. {{en}} * {{cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England; New York |isbn=0-19-517034-2 |author-link= David Hackett Fischer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC |ref=fischer}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|author-link=Carrie Rebora Barratt|last=Barratt|first=Carrie Rebora|title=''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' and the Metropolitan Museum|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=Fall 2011|pages=5–19}} {{en}} * {{cite journal|last=Howat|first=John K.|title=Washington Crossing the Delaware|journal=The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin|date=March 1968|volume=26|issue=7|pages=289–299|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/pubs/bulletins/1/pdf/3258337.pdf.bannered.pdf|access-date=January 27, 2012|doi=10.2307/3258337|jstor=3258337}} {{en}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_27775395/winona-museum-gets-washington-crossing-delaware-painting?source=JBarTicker |title=Winona museum gets ''Washington Crossing Delaware'' painting |date=March 24, 2015 |publisher=Digital First Media |website=Twin Cities.com |access-date=December 15, 2015}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== * ''{{le|The Passage of the Delaware|The Passage of the Delaware}}'', 1819 painting by {{le|Thomas Sully|Thomas Sully}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1953 painting)}}, ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' (1953 painting), by {{le|Larry Rivers|Larry Rivers}} *{{le|Washington Crossing the Delaware (sonnet)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (onnet)}},''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' ({{le|sonnet|Sonnet}}), a 1936 sonnet by {{le|David Shulman|David Shulman}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category|Washington Crossing the Delaware}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing'' by David Hackett Fischer] at the Oxford University Press blog. *[http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20011777 ''Washington Crossing the Delaware''] at The Metropolitan Museum of Art *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1182/rec/524 Full-text of "The painting ''Washington Crossing the Delaware'' on display in the Great Hall"] at the Metropolitan Museum of Art {{Authority control}} [[Category:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô|1851 painting]] odr4ysylv42ujb77efnw7ht6bqprnmg Lūi-pia̍t:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô 14 1079831 3132974 2022-08-08T14:25:33Z Andreicuax 54001 {{commonscat}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] h1urjs4vnyabg9avae7ekto0hyyknr5 3132975 3132974 2022-08-08T14:26:00Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] 0mdej24agqyqfa0bbzx7zbqjuwm5cqo 3132976 3132975 2022-08-08T14:26:48Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Category:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] sk689qs6kfg4xahrhjz4ew7wdcto1zo 3132977 3132976 2022-08-08T14:27:03Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|:en:Category:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] 3rrwobxw7yjd28533lg29mgx0oyfpiz 3132978 3132977 2022-08-08T14:28:02Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Category:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] sk689qs6kfg4xahrhjz4ew7wdcto1zo 3132979 3132978 2022-08-08T14:30:21Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Washington's crossing of the Delaware River}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] rpamghps6hwqld004o4yi770kas44fi 3133031 3132979 2022-08-08T16:39:26Z 唐吉訶德的侍從 4099 唐吉訶德的侍從 sóa [[Lūi-pia̍t:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô]] chit ia̍h khì [[Lūi-pia̍t:Washington Crossing the Delaware]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Washington's crossing of the Delaware River}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] rpamghps6hwqld004o4yi770kas44fi 3133100 3133031 2022-08-08T21:35:14Z Andreicuax 54001 Andreicuax iōng choán-ia̍h sóa ia̍h-bīn [[Lūi-pia̍t:Washington Crossing the Delaware]] kòe [[Lūi-pia̍t:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Washington's crossing of the Delaware River}} {{Cat main|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)}} [[Category:Delaware River]] [[Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War]] [[Category:George Washington|Delaware River]] rpamghps6hwqld004o4yi770kas44fi Emanuel Leutze 0 1079833 3132988 2022-08-08T14:50:08Z Andreicuax 54001 '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Tsham-khó bûn-h… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Category:1816 births]] [[Category:1868 deaths]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:American history painters]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] f9kwhficsaamfk4gk4lz1i847wcjgpz 3132989 3132988 2022-08-08T14:51:13Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:American history painters]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] ecdv1wugykto02weq1vxcxw8rqp4pbp 3132990 3132989 2022-08-08T14:51:41Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[German Confederation]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S. | nationality = German American | field = [[History painting|History painter]] | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:American history painters]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] jmvby4hbn8uhceebr0pb897e0qumoom 3132991 3132990 2022-08-08T14:53:55Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[German Confederation]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S. | nationality = German American | field = [[History painting|History painter]] | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] b9ddzx6wjp64bkelhyth85dtjvlyd5u 3132994 3132991 2022-08-08T14:58:01Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[German Confederation]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S. | nationality = German American | field = [[History painting|History painter]] | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] </gallery>[[File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|thumb|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841)]] ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] e2cxwar726dlpwfj3959o2oey42kcqo 3132995 3132994 2022-08-08T14:59:28Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Huē-uē tsok-phín */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[German Confederation]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S. | nationality = German American | field = [[History painting|History painter]] | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] b0jdgyrarrpvb2qqtt5yjrutdsewgpo 3132996 3132995 2022-08-08T15:02:02Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok Washington, D.C. | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = [[History painting|History painter]] | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] ec7osabh8qpmb48w79dnhlhjue5an92 3132997 3132996 2022-08-08T15:02:26Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = [[History painting|History painter]] | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] jzfo27nklk8z9rj7p6r92u1vzve7utd 3132998 3132997 2022-08-08T15:04:05Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] shvqwssntex0fu4vekki0trmect8l7p 3133001 3132998 2022-08-08T15:12:08Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] ss3kcu9gg1ixoaeaghdluhgllxurz4g 3133003 3133001 2022-08-08T15:13:03Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] 5718pkhz250ttgru28pim3s994o8f77 3133004 3133003 2022-08-08T15:13:18Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-kái */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] pgtipp3ioha8g08oh0lyj26u3gs4dig 3133005 3133004 2022-08-08T15:13:56Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] i4xd3yf6k2ykwqc9f9xf338i37fhc21 3133006 3133005 2022-08-08T15:14:19Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * [[New International Encyclopedia]] {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] gw69204hc9tle596bvmn02l699vwxdn 3133007 3133006 2022-08-08T15:17:54Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] g9w2eu4sksbcliad60mysaexxw0jfg4 3133008 3133007 2022-08-08T15:23:22Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] l4wx6rxmwq3zyocw835i2nwtzryeqpi 3133009 3133008 2022-08-08T15:24:26Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{worldcat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] carxskscvb9hrzntzborfhe4csxm118 3133010 3133009 2022-08-08T15:25:07Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] 0zfeu323zd9bbu4dyi7osv3xfgu1adk 3133012 3133010 2022-08-08T15:26:50Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] cehp7izc3wa3hxtk3zhtt7cal1ajca3 3133014 3133012 2022-08-08T15:30:28Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] 8ajg5a0rqoxlsf9cr288lihhlh4jokn 3133022 3133014 2022-08-08T15:40:05Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' (Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] c2jxabd8m8vnpjh1ha5n8hp5v9dh91i 3133023 3133022 2022-08-08T15:41:11Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] 420d0vp7vs31ss1zig7kmwirc746a0a 3133024 3133023 2022-08-08T15:41:37Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] nnf81qkw6kzjntqdesz7v6pnbukltkv 3133025 3133024 2022-08-08T16:14:51Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] fatcusb6c3yu8luas7819hm2clwc9jx 3133026 3133025 2022-08-08T16:20:38Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] dzobkzpyfdy05tvychda77iqexu1rv1 3133034 3133026 2022-08-08T16:56:38Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê Lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (Romanization of Japanese) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] szbnngq3atqepi2qd7ga9h7wvhthrcg 3133035 3133034 2022-08-08T16:58:44Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] fjk5dzr7osw908zfcweiu5rrx5j9n2r 3133036 3133035 2022-08-08T17:06:00Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] 3nrmnm579h1oryc6nljbco7qzgky6hq 3133037 3133036 2022-08-08T17:16:24Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{ill|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] pezxdhfchgf5thhw5gf4f7yw6zqyb1f 3133038 3133037 2022-08-08T17:16:39Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] dgbfubsyef8p0i7tlvlnlb4vac5ghzo 3133068 3133038 2022-08-08T18:27:35Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] lco9e6ybxf694vkwev0gxie689p18ae 3133069 3133068 2022-08-08T18:28:04Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] loa12slrmc5uts5zxi0ke39573nj878 3133070 3133069 2022-08-08T18:29:02Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Huē-uē tsok-phín */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}} {{en}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}} {{en}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|Iā-chóng-hōe|Nightclub}} (İā-tsóng-huē/Nightclub) *{{le|Thai-hong au-chiu chiàn-tiò-ki|Eurofighter Typhoon}} (Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tiò-ki/Eurofighter Typhoon/Thai-hong au-tsiu tsèn-tàu-ki/Thai-hong tsèn-tàu-ki) *{{le|WorldCat|WorldCat}} *{{le|Khè-iok|Contract}} (Contract/khuè-iok) *[[F-16 chiàn-sún chiàn-tàu-ki sú-iōng-kok]] (F-16 tsèn-sún tsèn-tàu ki sú-iōng-kok; [[eng-gí]]: General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators; [[hàn-gí]]: F-16戰隼使用國) *[[Hâng-khong e̋n-jín]] (Hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; [[eng-gí]]: aircraft engine; [[hàn-gí]]: 航空引擎 ,航空發動機) *{{le|Stock swap|Stock swap}} *{{le|Mergers and acquisitions|Mergers and acquisitions}} *{{le|Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic}} *{{le|Ji̍t-gú ê lô-má-hòa|Romanization of Japanese}} (i̍t-gú ê lô-má-huà/Romanization of Japanese) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Nuâ-tsa̍h-ki|Interceptor aircraft}} (Nuâ-tsa̽h-ki/Interceptor aircraft) *{{le|Tì-bō-á ê cha-bó͘ lâng|Woman with a Hat}} (Tì-bō-á ê tsa-bóo lâng/Woman with a Hat) *{{le|Piau-tê (chhut-pán)|Title (publishing)}} (piau-tê) *{{le|Delaware hô|Delaware River}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] 2bd4szzla16rfywtnfvkj2sbucnqo45 3133077 3133070 2022-08-08T20:23:46Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}} {{en}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}} {{en}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:People from Schwäbisch Gmünd]] [[Category:19th-century American painters]] [[Category:American male painters]] [[Category:19th-century German painters]] [[Category:19th-century American male artists]] [[Category:German male painters]] [[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]] [[Category:German emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)]] [[Category:19th-century painters of historical subjects]] [[Category:National Academy of Design members]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] [[Category:Artists of the Boston Public Library]] inug3pbnn4agugh8tfsb3q87jmft67n 3133078 3133077 2022-08-08T20:24:03Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu|Düsseldorf school of painting}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}} {{en}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}} {{en}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] c8g5kez6d3es9c1a509ug690fwftale 3133080 3133078 2022-08-08T20:29:51Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ|Düsseldorf school of painting|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īnn}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}} {{en}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}} {{en}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] iw7zq8i2oavunusxir98zqe6eo7egp5 3133082 3133080 2022-08-08T20:40:59Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ|Düsseldorf school of painting|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īnn}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}} {{en}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}} {{en}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìñ thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] anuh8p2uccwmb1b74on4p0iwhqnv8ic 3133083 3133082 2022-08-08T20:42:08Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ|Düsseldorf school of painting|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}} {{en}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}} {{en}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ|Düsseldorf school of painting|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] o0dljeevxvuodnk5if36hi8f32989na 3133126 3133083 2022-08-08T22:52:44Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ|Düsseldorf school of painting|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}} {{en}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}} {{en}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ|Düsseldorf school of painting|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] ahohumq1g626q8wztq0ul634ay8gcst 3133246 3133126 2022-08-09T11:28:54Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Huē-uē tsok-phín */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze | image = Emanuel Leutze.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date |1816|5|24|}} | birth_place = [[Schwäbisch Gmünd]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Tek-ì-chì Pang-liân|Tik-ì-tsì pang-lên]] | death_date = {{Death date and age |1868|7|18|1816|5|24|}} | death_place = Bíkok [[Washington, D.C.]] | nationality = {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} | field = {{le|Le̍k-sú ōe|History painting|Li̍k-sú uē-ka}} | training = [[John Rubens Smith]]<br />[[Karl Friedrich Lessing]] | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | awards = | resting_place = [[Glenwood Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)|Glenwood Cemetery]] }} '''Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze''' ([[ing-gú]]: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, 1816 5-gue̍h 24 – 1868 7-gue̍h 18) sī tsi̍t-uī {{le|Tek-ē bí-kok-jîn|German Americans|Tik-ē bí-kok-lâng}} li̍k-sú uē-ka, í 1851-nî ê [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington hîng-tōo Delware hô]] ê uē-tsok lâi tshut-miâ. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze kah {{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ|Düsseldorf school of painting|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ}} iú-sóo kuan-liân. ==Huē-uē tsok-phín== ''<small>Ti̍t-tsiap tiám-kik {{le|Sok-tô͘|Thumbnail|sok-tôo}} tō ē-tàng kā tôo-siōng hòng-tuā.</small>'' <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" mode="nolines"> File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze - Columbus Before the Queen.JPG|''[[Christopher Columbus]] before the Queen'' (1843) File:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Capitol.jpg|''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]]'' (1860) File:Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British.jpg|''Mrs. Schuyler Burning Her Wheat Fields on the Approach of the British'' (1852) Image:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|''Washington Rallying the Troops at [[Battle of Monmouth|Monmouth]]'' (c. 1851-1854) File:Alaska purchase.jpg|''[[William H. Seward]] and [[Eduard de Stoeckl]] Negotiating the [[Alaska Purchase]]'' (1867)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=Peter M.|editor1-last=Metcalfe|title=Alaska Blue Book|edition=Tenth|year=1991|publisher=[[Alaska Department of Education & Early Development|Alaska Department of Education]], [[Alaska State Library|Division of State Libraries, Archives and Museums]]|location=[[Juneau]]|page=227|chapter=History, State Designations and Superlatives}} {{en}}</ref> File:Leutze, Emanuel — Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and His Troops — 1848.jpg|''Storming of the Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops'' (1848) File:Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio.jpeg|''Worthington Whittredge in His Tenth Street Studio'' (1865) File:Emanuel Leutze William Morris Hunt.jpeg|''Portrait of [[William Morris Hunt]]'' (ca. 1845) File:General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam by Leutze.jpg|General [[Ambrose Burnside]] at Antietam (1863)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harrington|first1=Peter|title=Emanuel Leutze's Portrait of General Ambrose Burnside at Antietam|url=http://blogs.brown.edu/bulspecialcollections/2011/02/21/emanuel-leutze%E2%80%99s-portrait-of-general-ambrose-burnside-at-antietam/|website=Brown University Library|access-date=8 May 2015}} {{en}}</ref> File:Nathaniel Hawthorne by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze.png|''[[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'' (1862) File:Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze, Political Cartoon of the American Civil War, c. 1860s, NGA 181018.jpg|''Political Cartoon of the American Civil War'', c. 1860s, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Christophe_Colomb_devant_le_conseil_de_Salamanque_-_Emanuel_Leutze_-_MBA_Lyon_2014.jpg|''[[Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca]]'' (1841) </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * Wierich, Jochen. ''Grand Themes: Emanuel Leutze, "Washington Crossing the Delaware," and American History Painting'' (Penn State University Press; 2012) 240 pages; Argues that the painting was a touchstone for debates over history painting at a time of intense sectionalism. {{en}} *{{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Anne Hawkes |title=Portrait of Patriotism: Washington Crossing the Delaware|publisher=Chilton Book Company|location=Radnor, Pennsylvania|year=1975|isbn=0-8019-6418-0}} {{en}} * Irre, Heidrun. ''Emanuel Gottlob Leutze: Von der Rems zum Delaware'', einhorn-Verlag+Druck GmbH, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2016, {{ISBN|978-3-95747-033-1}} https://einhornverlag.de/shop/buecher/von-der-rems-zum-delaware/ {{en}} * {{le|Sin kok-chè pek-kho-choân-su|The New International Encyclopedia}} (Sin kok-tsè pik-kho tsuân-su/New International Encyclopedia) {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ|Düsseldorf school of painting|Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{EB1911 poster|Leutze, Emanuel}} {{Commons category}} {{div col|2}} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=514 Leutze Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{en}} * [https://archive.today/20121209080350/http://wwar.com/masters/l/leutze-emanuel_gottlieb.html Emanuel Leutze] {{en}} * {{WorldCat id|lccn-n82-96322}} {{en}} * [http://blog.oup.com/oupblog/2006/02/washingtons_cro.html Introduction to ''Washington's Crossing''] by David Hackett Fischer at the Oxford University Press blog, discusses Leutze's most famous painting. {{en}} * {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Leutze, Emanuel|year=1905 |short=x}} {{en}} * [http://www.reynoldahouse.org/index.php Reynolda House Museum of American Art] {{en}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/56268/rec/16 ''Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861''], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Leutze (see index) {{en}} * {{Find a Grave|2433}} {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leutze, Emanuel}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:1816 nî chhut-sì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:1868 nî kòe-sin]] [[Category:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka]] 3lor1cxraspuj4ymn9ezp5k5xond0pu Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok le̍k-sú ōe-ka 14 1079834 3132992 2022-08-08T14:54:09Z Andreicuax 54001 [[Category:History painters]] [[Category:American painters|History]] ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:History painters]] [[Category:American painters|History]] dnyp93aespa2tto8hzf86i6f3bt28ud 3132993 3132992 2022-08-08T14:56:50Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:History painters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok ōe-ka|Le̍k-sú]] 3olqtij1zx5mlvfrf14x8o14fakqosx Pang-bô͘:WorldCat id 10 1079835 3133011 2022-08-08T15:25:28Z Andreicuax 54001 {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P7859}} | [//worldcat.org/identities/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P7859}}|sep=,}} }} Works by or about {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] in libraries ([[WorldCat]] catalog)<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P7859|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="err… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} {{{id|}}} {{#property:P7859}} | [//worldcat.org/identities/{{#if: {{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{1|{{{id}}}}}} | {{First word|1={{#property:P7859}}|sep=,}} }} Works by or about {{#if: {{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | {{{2|{{{name}}}}}} | {{PAGENAMEBASE}} }}] in libraries ([[WorldCat]] catalog)<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P7859|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> | <span class="error">&#123;&#123;[[Template:WorldCat id|WorldCat id]]&#125;&#125; template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 2939l4bt23epe5c6peepmcot2wg3uor Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe) 0 1079836 3133028 2022-08-08T16:30:51Z 唐吉訶德的侍從 4099 唐吉訶德的侍從 iōng choán-ia̍h sóa ia̍h-bīn [[Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)]] kòe [[Washington Crossing the Delaware]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Washington Crossing the Delaware]] hc76btft9nz7m8h7ljdqme4c5e8ktak Lūi-pia̍t:Washington Crossing the Delaware 14 1079838 3133101 2022-08-08T21:35:14Z Andreicuax 54001 Andreicuax iōng choán-ia̍h sóa ia̍h-bīn [[Lūi-pia̍t:Washington Crossing the Delaware]] kòe [[Lūi-pia̍t:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[:Lūi-pia̍t:George Washington Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô]] 6ouwrzcmx7glwa0jlftwzhuierifmq9 Pang-bô͘:Ric 10 1079839 3133170 2022-08-09T05:52:32Z Wikijb 35187 Choán khì [[Pang-bô͘:Rail icon]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:Rail icon]] id6vugjmy0c9cuy5befiyzmrga9qlo9 tóng-àn:Taipei Metro Logo.png 6 1079840 3133178 2022-08-09T07:20:29Z Wikijb 35187 ==Tek-iàu== {{logo fur <!-- REQUIRED --> |Article = Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn |Use = Org <!-- HIGHLY RECOMMENDED --> |Source = https://www.metro.taipei/cp.aspx?n=9E1943CD7EEE868B <!-- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION --> |Used for = |Owner = [[Tâi-pak Tāi-chiòng Chia̍t-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si]] |Website = Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām |History = |Commentary =… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki ==Tek-iàu== {{logo fur <!-- REQUIRED --> |Article = Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn |Use = Org <!-- HIGHLY RECOMMENDED --> |Source = https://www.metro.taipei/cp.aspx?n=9E1943CD7EEE868B <!-- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION --> |Used for = |Owner = [[Tâi-pak Tāi-chiòng Chia̍t-ūn Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si]] |Website = Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām |History = |Commentary = <!-- OVERRIDE FIELDS --> |Description = [[Tâi-pak Chia̍t-ūn]] khì-gia̍p sek-pia̍t piau-chì |Portion = |Low_resolution = |Purpose = |Replaceability = |other_information = }} ==Siū-khoân hia̍p-gī== {{Non-free logo}} jpgeb4v1kpxtsd9fbknf15wcln0ufl5 Pang-bô͘:Non-free use rationale logo 10 1079841 3133179 2022-08-09T07:51:09Z Wikijb 35187 {{Non-free use rationale | Special_header=Hui-chū-iû siū-khoân ê piau-chì<!-- -->| Article={{#if:{{{Article<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|{{{Article}}}|<!--<span style="color:red;">錯誤</span>—務必填入參數：''Article=xxxxx''-->}} <!-- -->| Description=Che sī chi̍t ê khì-gia̍p, cho͘-chit, chèng-hú ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ khoán ê thoân-thé ê piau-chì, <!-- -->{{#if:{{{Owner|}}}|iû {{{Owner}}} só͘ ióng-iú.|}} Tī <!-- -->{{#if:{{{U… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki {{Non-free use rationale | Special_header=Hui-chū-iû siū-khoân ê piau-chì<!-- -->| Article={{#if:{{{Article<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|{{{Article}}}|<!--<span style="color:red;">錯誤</span>—務必填入參數：''Article=xxxxx''-->}} <!-- -->| Description=Che sī chi̍t ê khì-gia̍p, cho͘-chit, chèng-hú ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ khoán ê thoân-thé ê piau-chì, <!-- -->{{#if:{{{Owner|}}}|iû {{{Owner}}} só͘ ióng-iú.|}} Tī <!-- -->{{#if:{{{Used_for|}}}|{{{Used_for}}} |{{{Article}}}}} tiâu-bo̍k tiong teh sú-tiong.<!-- -->{{#if:{{{History|}}}|Che sī chi̍t ê ū le̍k-sú ì-gī ê piau-chì. Tī {{{History}}} teh sú-iōng.|}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Description|}}}|Siông-sè: {{{Description}}}|}} | Source=<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Website|}}}|Chit ê piáu-sī sī tùi [{{{Website}}}] lâi ·ê. |}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Source|}}}|{{{Source}}}|{{#if:{{{Website|}}}||Chit ê piáu-sī khó-lêng sī tùi <!-- -->{{#if:{{{Owner|}}}|{{{Owner}}}|{{#if:{{{Used_for|}}}|{{{Used_for}}}|{{{Article}}}}}}} lâi ·ê.}}}} | Portion=<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Portion|}}}|{{{Portion}}}|Sú-iōng chit ê piau-chì ê bo̍k-te̍k sī beh thoat-ta̍t he tô͘ i pún-sin ū ê ì-gī kap sìn-sit, koh pī-bián hō͘ tho̍k-chiá gō͘-kái he tô͘ beh thoân-ta̍t ê goân-sí ì-gī kap sìn-sit.}} | Low_resolution=<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Low_resolution|}}}|{{{Low_resolution}}} | Chit ê piau-chì ê chhùn-chhioh kap kái-sek-tō͘ m̄-nā pó-chhî tô͘ ê phín-chit, mā bē siong-hāi kong-si ia̍h ki-kò͘ ê hêng-siōng, koh pī-bián bô-pí-iáu ê, siuⁿ koân ê kái-sek-tō͘。}} | Purpose =<!-- --><noinclude>''Chhiáⁿ soán-te̍k "Use=" Infobox / Org / Brand / Product / Public facility / Other '''''</noinclude><!-- -->{{#if:{{{Use|}}}|<!-- -->{{#switch:{{{Use|}}} |Infobox= Chit tiuⁿ tô͘ khǹg tī teh {{#if:{{{Used_for|}}}|{{{Used_for}}}|{{{Article}}}}} chit tiâu siōng téng-thâu ê chū-sìn-kheng lāi-té, chit-lō tiâu-bo̍k ê chú-tê sī kong-chiòng ū teh koan-sim ia̍h-sī ū hèng-chhù ê lōe-iông. Chit ê piau-chì ē-sái hō͘ tho̍k-chiá khòaⁿ-ū tiâu-bo̍k só͘ siá ê cho͘-chit, koh hō͘ tho̍k-chiá ē-tàng khak-tēng kóng tiâu-bo̍k lōe-iông sī teh siá te̍k-tēng ê cho͘-chit. Koh-ū, sú-iōng piau-chì ê sî, ē-sái kā hit keng kong-si ia̍h thoân-thé beh piáu-ta̍t ê sìn-sit thoân hō͘ tho̍k-chiá chai-iáⁿ, ah chit tiám sī bûn-jī chò bē lâi ·ê. |Org= Chit tiuⁿ tô͘ sī beh hō͘ lâng piān-sek {{#if:{{{Used_for|}}}|{{{Used_for}}}|{{{Article}}}}} chit ê cho͘-chit, chit-lō tiâu-bo̍k ê chú-tê sī kong-chiòng ū teh koan-sim ia̍h-sī ū hèng-chhù ê lōe-iông. Chit ê piau-chì ē-sái hō͘ tho̍k-chiá khòaⁿ-ū tiâu-bo̍k só͘ siá ê cho͘-chit, koh hō͘ tho̍k-chiá ē-tàng khak-tēng kóng tiâu-bo̍k lōe-iông sī teh siá te̍k-tēng ê cho͘-chit. Koh-ū, sú-iōng piau-chì ê sî, ē-sái kā hit keng kong-si ia̍h thoân-thé beh piáu-ta̍t ê sìn-sit thoân hō͘ tho̍k-chiá chai-iáⁿ, ah chit tiám sī bûn-jī chò bē lâi ·ê. |Brand= Chit tiuⁿ tô͘ sī beh hō͘ lâng piān-sek {{#if:{{{Used_for|}}}|{{{Used_for}}}|{{{Article}}}}} chit ê phín-pâi, chit-lō tiâu-bo̍k ê chú-tê sī kong-chiòng ū teh koan-sim ia̍h-sī ū hèng-chhù ê lōe-iông. Chit ê piau-chì ē-sái hō͘ tho̍k-chiá khòaⁿ-ū tiâu-bo̍k só͘ siá ê phín-pâi, koh hō͘ tho̍k-chiá ē-tàng khak-tēng kóng tiâu-bo̍k lōe-iông sī teh siá te̍k-tēng ê phín-pâi. Koh-ū, sú-iōng piau-chì ê sî, ē-sái kā hit ê phín-pâi beh piáu-ta̍t ê sìn-sit thoân hō͘ tho̍k-chiá chai-iáⁿ, ah chit tiám sī bûn-jī chò bē lâi ·ê. |Product= Chit tiuⁿ tô͘ sī beh hō͘ lâng piān-sek {{#if:{{{Used_for|}}}|{{{Used_for}}}|{{{Article}}}}} chit hāng sán-phín ia̍h ho̍k-bū, chit-lō tiâu-bo̍k ê chú-tê sī kong-chiòng ū teh koan-sim ia̍h-sī ū hèng-chhù ê lōe-iông. Chit ê piau-chì ē-sái hō͘ tho̍k-chiá khòaⁿ-ū tiâu-bo̍k só͘ siá ê sán-phín ia̍h ho̍k-bū, koh hō͘ tho̍k-chiá ē-tàng khak-tēng kóng tiâu-bo̍k lōe-iông sī teh siá te̍k-tēng ê sán-phín ia̍h ho̍k-bū. Koh-ū, sú-iōng piau-chì ê sî, ē-sái kā hit ê sán-phín ia̍h ho̍k-bū beh piáu-ta̍t ê sìn-sit thoân hō͘ tho̍k-chiá chai-iáⁿ, ah chit tiám sī bûn-jī chò bē lâi ·ê. |Public facility= Chit tiuⁿ tô͘ sī beh hō͘ lâng piān-sek {{#if:{{{Used_for|}}}|{{{Used_for}}}|{{{Article}}}}} chit-lō tiōng-iàu ê kong-kiōng siat-si. Chit ê piau-chì ē-sái hō͘ tho̍k-chiá khòaⁿ-ū tiâu-bo̍k só͘ siá ê kong-kiōng siat-si (phì-lūn-kóng tō-lō͘, ki-tiûⁿ, chhia-thâu, siâⁿ-chhī, hiong-tìn, ia̍h-sī kî-thaⁿ sio-siâng ê siat-si), koh hō͘ tho̍k-chiá ē-tàng khak-tēng kóng tiâu-bo̍k lōe-iông sī teh siá te̍k-tēng ê kong-kiōng siat-si. |#default= {{#if:{{{Purpose|}}}||<font color="red">'''Sú-iōng chit tè pang-bô͘ ê sî, it-tēng ài siá sú-iōng bo̍k-te̍k (Purpose).'''</font>}} }}<!-- -->}}{{#if:{{{Commentary|}}}| Tiāu-bo̍k tiong kah chit ê piau-chì ū koan-hē ê lōe-iông sī: {{{Commentary}}}。}}{{{Purpose|}}} | Replaceability= <!-- -->{{#if:{{{Replaceability|}}}|{{{Replaceability}}}|In-ūi chit ê piau-chì bô sio-kâng ê bián-hùi lâi-goân ia̍h-sī chū-iû siū-khoân lâi-goân. Jīm-hô hui-ián-seng chok-phín ê tāi-thè tô͘ bô hoat-tō͘ thoân-ta̍t chit ê piau-chì goân-pún ê hâm-ì, khó-lêng ē hō͘ lâng gō͘-kái tiâu-bo̍k beh kóng ê chú-tê.}} | other_information=<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Other_information|}}}|{{{Other_information}}}|Chit ê piau-chì ê tô͘ sú-iōng tī teh tiâu-bo̍k tiong ê sî, ū chun-siú Wikipedia ê [[Wikipedia:Ha̍p-lí sú-iōng|ha̍p-lí sú-iōng kui-tēng]] kap [[Wikipedia:Piau-chì|piau-chì kui-tēng]], pēng-chhiáⁿ tī teh su-hāu-khì só͘-chāi-tē [[Bí-kok]] ê [[Ha̍p-lí sú-iōng|tù-chok-khoân hoat-lu̍t]] hā ha̍p-lí sú-iōng.}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> net2xk9kuo3lcrcvu2eb26hnqj7g9wc Pang-bô͘:Non-free use rationale 10 1079842 3133180 2022-08-09T07:52:40Z Wikijb 35187 <templatestyles src="Template:Non-free use rationale/styles.css" /> <table class="rationale toccolours licensetpl fileinfotpl fileinfotpl-type-fairuse"><!-- --><tr class="head"><!-- ----><th class="spanning" colspan="2"><!-- ------><div class="heading">{{#ifeq:{{#ifexist:{{{Article|}}}|1}}{{NAMESPACE:{{Article|}}}}|1|条目《[[{{{Article}}}]]》之}}[[Wikipedia:非自由内容使用准则|非自由媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-使用依据]]</div><!--… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Non-free use rationale/styles.css" /> <table class="rationale toccolours licensetpl fileinfotpl fileinfotpl-type-fairuse"><!-- --><tr class="head"><!-- ----><th class="spanning" colspan="2"><!-- ------><div class="heading">{{#ifeq:{{#ifexist:{{{Article|}}}|1}}{{NAMESPACE:{{Article|}}}}|1|条目《[[{{{Article}}}]]》之}}[[Wikipedia:非自由内容使用准则|非自由媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-使用依据]]</div><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Special_header|}}}|<div>（{{{Special_header}}}）</div>}}<!-- ------>{{If preview|{{#tag:div|（請參考[[Wikipedia:合理使用依据指引|合理使用依據指引]]的指示使用此模板）|class=hint}}}}<!-- ----></th><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th id="fileinfotpl_desc">描述</th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Description<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Description}}}<!-- ------>| {{Error|警告：請說明此媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-的內容。}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th id="fileinfotpl_src">来源</th><!-- ----><td class="licensetpl_attr"><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Source<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Source}}}<!-- ------>| <!-- -------->{{Error|警告：請說明此媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-的来源。}}<!-- -------->{{File other|[[Category:來源不明檔案<noinclude>|*</noinclude>]]}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th>条目</th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Article|}}}<!-- ------>| <!-- -------->{{#ifexist:{{{Article}}}<!-- -------->| <!-- ---------->{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE:{{Article}}}}<!-- ---------->| <!-- ---------->| [[{{{Article}}}]]{{File other|[[Category:正确回链的非自由图像|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<!-- ---------->| {{Error|警告：請確認頁面《{{Article}}》是否為條目。}}<!-- ---------->}}<!-- -------->| <!-- ---------->{{Error|警告：請確認條目《-{{{{Article}}}}-》是否存在。}}<!-- ---------->{{File other|[[Category:红链的非自由图像|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<!-- ---------->{{If preview|<div class="hint">请检查条目名称是否正确。出現此提示代表条目可能已被删除，或是輸入了多个条目名称，亦有可能是条目名称的格式不正確。</div>}}<!-- -------->}}<!-- ------>| <!-- -------->{{Error|警告：請輸入條目名稱。}}<!-- -------->{{File other|[[Category:缺少回链的非自由图像|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th><!-- ------>[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-0|有限使用]]<!-- ------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''最少数量的使用'''：倘若一则非自由内容能够传达等效的重大信息，不得使用多则非自由内容。</ref></noinclude><!-- ----></th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Portion<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Portion}}}<!-- ------>| {{Error|警告：請說明此媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-的使用程度。}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th><!-- ------>[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-1|低-{zh-hans:分辨率; zh-hant:解析度}-]]<!-- ------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''最小限度的使用'''：倘若部分内容已然足够，不得使用整部作品。优先使用低分辨率、保真度或比特率，而非高分辨率、保真度或比特率（特别当原作可被用于蓄意的版权侵犯时）。</ref></noinclude><!-- ----></th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Resolution|{{{Low_resolution|{{{Low resolution<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Resolution|{{{Low_resolution|{{{Low resolution}}}}}}}}}<!-- ------>| {{Error|警告：請提供此媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-的-{zh-hans:分辨率信息; zh-hant:解析度資訊}-。}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th><!-- ------>[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-2|用途]]<!-- ------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''条目中的意义'''：只有当其呈现将有助于加深读者对条目主题的理解，而其缺失将妨碍理解时，非自由内容才能被使用。</ref></noinclude><!-- ----></th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Purpose<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Purpose}}}<!-- ------>| <!-- -------->{{Error|警告：請說明此媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-的用途。}}<!-- -------->{{File other|[[Category:没有指定用途的非自由图像]]}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th><!-- ------>[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-3|無等效品]]<!-- ------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''无自由等效作品'''：只有在能达成同样以百科全书为目的之自由等效作品不存在或无法创作的前提下，才能使用非自由内容。在可能的情况下，非自由内容应被转化为自由材料，而不应使用合理使用为之辩护；或被更自由的替代作品加以取代，倘若存在品质尚可接受的自由作品。“品质尚可接受”意味着作品的品质应足以达成百科全书目的。</ref></noinclude><!-- ----></th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Replaceability<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Replaceability}}}<!-- ------>| {{Error|警告：請說明此媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-為何無法使用等效品取代。}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ------>{{#ifeq:{{{other_information|{{{Other information|}}}}}}<!-- ------>| -<!-- ------>| # 显著性：只有在其存在会显著增长读者对主题理解的，而省略之则会对内容理解造成损害的情况下，可以使用非自由的内容。当可以通过文字表达完成相似的作用时，不应使用非自由的媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-。<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- -->{{#switch:{{{other_information|{{{Other information|}}}}}}<!-- -->| - | none = <!-- -->| #default = <!-- ----><tr class="body"><!-- ------><th><!-- -------->[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-4|其他-{zh-hans:信息; zh-hant:資訊}-]]<!-- --------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''媒体描述页'''：必須包含下列内容：<ol type="A"><li>'''材料来源的证明'''：如有可能，也应补充有关作者、出版者和版权持有者的信息，这將有助于他人判断材料潜在的市场价值。</li><li>'''版权所有的标签'''：其中指出哪条维基百科方针的条款被主张为这一使用的许可条款。</li><li>被主张合理使用该文件的每篇条目的名称：按照[[维基百科:合理使用依据指引]]的解释，为每一次使用提供单独、专门的合理使用依据。合理使用依据应以清晰明了的语言阐述，并且与每一次使用确切相关。</li></ol></ref></noinclude><!-- ------></th><!-- ------><td>{{{other_information|{{{Other information}}}}}}<noinclude>（選填）</noinclude></td><!-- ----></tr><!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude><tr class="body"><!-- ----><td class="spanning" colspan="2">{{Reflist|group=R}}</td><!-- --></tr></noinclude><!-- --><tr class="foot"><!-- ----><td class="spanning" colspan="2"><!-- ------><span class="licensetpl_short">Fair use</span><!-- ------><span class="licensetpl_long">[[Wikipedia:非自由文件使用依据指引|合理使用]][[{{{Article}}}]]上下文中受版權保護的材料</span><!-- ------><span class="licensetpl_link">{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</span><!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr> </table><includeonly> {{Non-free media|metadata=no}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 6mw8r4dbuv5ml6jmhfsu4ozmdxqtmwk 3133182 3133180 2022-08-09T08:18:04Z Wikijb 35187 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Non-free use rationale/styles.css" /> <table class="rationale toccolours licensetpl fileinfotpl fileinfotpl-type-fairuse"><!-- --><tr class="head"><!-- ----><th class="spanning" colspan="2"><!-- ------><div class="heading">{{#ifeq:{{#ifexist:{{{Article|}}}|1}}{{NAMESPACE:{{Article|}}}}|1|Tiāu-bo̍k《[[{{{Article}}}]]》之}}[[Wikipedia:Hui-chū-iû lōe-iông sú-iōng chún-chek|Hui-chū-iû mûi-thé tóng-àn sú-iōng chún-chek]]</div><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Special_header|}}}|<div>（{{{Special_header}}}）</div>}}<!-- ------>{{If preview|{{#tag:div|(Chhiáⁿ chham-khó [[Wikipedia:Ha̍p-lí sú-iōng pîn-chún hong-chiam|ha̍p-lí sú-iōng pîn-chún hong-chiam]] ê chí-sī sú-iōng chit tè pang-bô͘)|class=hint}}}}<!-- ----></th><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th id="fileinfotpl_desc">Biâu-su̍t</th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Description<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Description}}}<!-- ------>| {{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ soat-bêng chit hāng mûi-thé tóng-àn ê lōe-iông.}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th id="fileinfotpl_src">Lâi-goân</th><!-- ----><td class="licensetpl_attr"><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Source<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Source}}}<!-- ------>| <!-- -------->{{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ soat-bêng chit hāng mûi-thé tóng-àn ê lâi-goân.}}<!-- -------->{{File other|[[Category:Lâi-goân put-bêng ê tóng-àn<noinclude>|*</noinclude>]]}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th>Tiāu-bo̍k</th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Article|}}}<!-- ------>| <!-- -------->{{#ifexist:{{{Article}}}<!-- -------->| <!-- ---------->{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE:{{Article}}}}<!-- ---------->| <!-- ---------->| [[{{{Article}}}]]{{File other|[[Category:Backlink ū-hāu ê hui-chū-iû tô͘-siōng|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<!-- ---------->| {{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ khak-jīn ia̍h-bīn "{{Article}}" sī-m̄-sī tiâu-bo̍k.}}<!-- ---------->}}<!-- -------->| <!-- ---------->{{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ khak-jīn tiâu-bo̍k "-{{{{Article}}}}-" sī-m̄-sī chûn-chāi. }}<!-- ---------->{{File other|[[Category:Âng-sek backlink ê hui-chū-iû tô͘-siōng|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<!-- ---------->{{If preview|<div class="hint">Chhiáⁿ kiám-cha tiâu-bo̍k miâ-chheng ū chèng-khak ·bô. Chhut-hiān chit tiâu thê-sī ê sî, tāi-piáu hit-lō tiâu-bo̍k khó-lêng í-keng hŏng thâi-tiāu, ia̍h-sī su-ji̍p chhiau-kòe chi̍t ê tiâu-bo̍k miâ-chheng, mā ū khó-lêng sī tiâu-bo̍k miâ-chheng ê keh-sek bô chèng-khak.</div>}}<!-- -------->}}<!-- ------>| <!-- -------->{{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ su-ji̍p tiâu-bo̍k miâ-chheng.}}<!-- -------->{{File other|[[Category:Bô backlink ê hui-chū-iû tô͘-siōng|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th><!-- ------>[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-0|iú-hān sú-iōng]]<!-- ------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''Siōng chió sò͘-liōng ê sú-iōng''': Chún-kóng kan-taⁿ chit tiâu hui-chū-iû lōe-iông tiō ē-sái thoân-ta̍t téng-hāu ê iàu-kín sìn-sit, tiō bē-sái sú-iōng chhiau-kòe chi̍t tiâu hui-chū-iû lōe-iông.</ref></noinclude><!-- ----></th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Portion<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Portion}}}<!-- ------>| {{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ soat-bêng chit hāng mûi-thé tóng-àn ê sú-iōng thêng-tō͘.}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th><!-- ------>[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-1|Kē kái-sek-tô͘]]<!-- ------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''Siōng sè hān-tō͘ ê sú-iōng''': Chún-kóng pō͘-hūn lōe-iông tiō í-keng ū kàu ·ah, tiō bē-sái sú-iōng kui-ê chok-phín. Seng sú-iōng kē kái-sek-tô͘ ê lōe-iông (te̍k-pia̍t sī sú-iōng goân chok-phín ē hŏng tòng-chò sī chhim-hāi pán-khoân ê sî).</ref></noinclude><!-- ----></th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Resolution|{{{Low_resolution|{{{Low resolution<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Resolution|{{{Low_resolution|{{{Low resolution}}}}}}}}}<!-- ------>| {{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ thê-kiong chit hāng mûi-thé tóng-àn ê kái-sek-tô͘ chū-sìn.}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th><!-- ------>[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-2|Iōng-tô͘]]<!-- ------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''Tiāu-bo̍k tiong ê ì-gī'''：只有当其呈现将有助于加深读者对条目主题的理解，而其缺失将妨碍理解时，非自由内容才能被使用。</ref></noinclude><!-- ----></th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Purpose<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Purpose}}}<!-- ------>| <!-- -------->{{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ soat-bêng chit hāng mûi-thé tóng-àn ê iōng-tô͘.}}<!-- -------->{{File other|[[Category:Bô chí-tēng iōng-tô͘ ê ê hui-chū-iû tô͘-siōng]]}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- --><tr class="body"><!-- ----><th><!-- ------>[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-3|Bô téng-hāu-phín]]<!-- ------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''无自由等效作品'''：只有在能达成同样以百科全书为目的之自由等效作品不存在或无法创作的前提下，才能使用非自由内容。在可能的情况下，非自由内容应被转化为自由材料，而不应使用合理使用为之辩护；或被更自由的替代作品加以取代，倘若存在品质尚可接受的自由作品。“品质尚可接受”意味着作品的品质应足以达成百科全书目的。</ref></noinclude><!-- ----></th><!-- ----><td><!-- ------>{{#if:{{{Replaceability<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}<!-- ------>| {{{Replaceability}}}<!-- ------>| {{Error|Kéng-kò: Chhiáⁿ soat-bêng chit hāng mûi-thé tóng-àn sī-án-chóaⁿ bô hoat-tō͘ iōng téng-hāu-phín chhú-tāi.}}<!-- ------>}}<!-- ------>{{#ifeq:{{{other_information|{{{Other information|}}}}}}<!-- ------>| -<!-- ------>| # 显著性：只有在其存在会显著增长读者对主题理解的，而省略之则会对内容理解造成损害的情况下，可以使用非自由的内容。当可以通过文字表达完成相似的作用时，不应使用非自由的媒体-{zh-hans:文件; zh-hant:檔案}-。<!-- ------>}}<!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr><!-- -->{{#switch:{{{other_information|{{{Other information|}}}}}}<!-- -->| - | none = <!-- -->| #default = <!-- ----><tr class="body"><!-- ------><th><!-- -------->[[Template:Non-free use rationale#_note-4|Kî-thaⁿ chū-sìn]]<!-- --------><noinclude><ref group="R">'''媒体描述页'''：必須包含下列内容：<ol type="A"><li>'''材料来源的证明'''：如有可能，也应补充有关作者、出版者和版权持有者的信息，这將有助于他人判断材料潜在的市场价值。</li><li>'''版权所有的标签'''：其中指出哪条维基百科方针的条款被主张为这一使用的许可条款。</li><li>被主张合理使用该文件的每篇条目的名称：按照[[维基百科:合理使用依据指引]]的解释，为每一次使用提供单独、专门的合理使用依据。合理使用依据应以清晰明了的语言阐述，并且与每一次使用确切相关。</li></ol></ref></noinclude><!-- ------></th><!-- ------><td>{{{other_information|{{{Other information}}}}}}<noinclude> (ē-soán-tit) </noinclude></td><!-- ----></tr><!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude><tr class="body"><!-- ----><td class="spanning" colspan="2">{{Reflist|group=R}}</td><!-- --></tr></noinclude><!-- --><tr class="foot"><!-- ----><td class="spanning" colspan="2"><!-- ------><span class="licensetpl_short">Fair use</span><!-- ------><span class="licensetpl_long">[[Wikipedia:非自由文件使用依据指引|合理使用]][[{{{Article}}}]]上下文中受版權保護的材料</span><!-- ------><span class="licensetpl_link">{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</span><!-- ----></td><!-- --></tr> </table><includeonly> {{Non-free media|metadata=no}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> a7b3g43blqdstw54uh3q6tbzf1gcviy Pang-bô͘:Non-free use rationale/styles.css 10 1079843 3133181 2022-08-09T07:53:32Z Wikijb 35187 .rationale { width: 100%; font-size: 16px; } .rationale th, .rationale td { padding: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; } .rationale .head th { text-align: center; } .rationale .body th { width: 15%; background-color: #ccf; text-align: right; } .rationale .head div:not(.heading), .rationale .body { font-size: 0.875em; } .rationale .foot { display: none; } .rationale .hint { font-size: 0.875em; } .rationale .spanning { background-color: #d8e0ff; v… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p sanitized-css text/css .rationale { width: 100%; font-size: 16px; } .rationale th, .rationale td { padding: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; } .rationale .head th { text-align: center; } .rationale .body th { width: 15%; background-color: #ccf; text-align: right; } .rationale .head div:not(.heading), .rationale .body { font-size: 0.875em; } .rationale .foot { display: none; } .rationale .hint { font-size: 0.875em; } .rationale .spanning { background-color: #d8e0ff; vertical-align: middle; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .rationale, .rationale tbody, .rationale tr, .rationale th, .rationale td { display: block; } .rationale .body th { width: 100%; text-align: center; } } r4e2mcdzjk3uidw1ndzetb4v48n4dgw Pang-bô͘:Nfur 10 1079844 3133183 2022-08-09T08:20:22Z Wikijb 35187 Choán khì [[Pang-bô͘:Non-free use rationale]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Non-free use rationale]] ohlzd6xw4n5c4yk4oj2r9s6q7scbcjg Pang-bô͘:Logo fur 10 1079845 3133184 2022-08-09T08:21:38Z Wikijb 35187 Choán khì [[Pang-bô͘:Non-free use rationale logo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Non-free use rationale logo]] nd4v3666hs56utoxvdvhbbx3827nltc Pang-bô͘:If preview 10 1079846 3133185 2022-08-09T08:28:10Z Wikijb 35187 {{#invoke:If preview|pmain}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:If preview|pmain}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> jvvs3bldrcigcfucch1rbgb276twfw0 模組:If preview/doc 828 1079847 3133186 2022-08-09T08:29:46Z Wikijb 35187 {{Lua|Module:If preview/configuration}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:If preview/styles.css}} ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lua|Module:If preview/configuration}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:If preview/styles.css}} 6evpt8lw6bk1g966d5x8yw7e4akomai Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu 0 1079848 3133192 2022-08-09T09:44:06Z Andreicuax 54001 '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) jīm-kàu hi̍k-tsiá ha̍k-sip ê tsi̍t-tīn uē-ka; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh tshuā-thâu.<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] qqdxb005eq6tcndvidf7mee4ygxaetj 3133193 3133192 2022-08-09T09:45:16Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) jīm-kàu hi̍k-tsiá ha̍k-sip ê tsi̍t-tīn uē-ka; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] bzi1qcrd0q74k49dan459dft4bvg53y 3133194 3133193 2022-08-09T09:48:10Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) jīm-kàu hi̍k-tsiá ha̍k-sip ê tsi̍t-tīn uē-ka; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 9flfxq2156l6ztoyqthe5k6g1454zpt 3133195 3133194 2022-08-09T09:49:06Z Andreicuax 54001 Andreicuax sóa [[Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īⁿ]] chit ia̍h khì [[Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) jīm-kàu hi̍k-tsiá ha̍k-sip ê tsi̍t-tīn uē-ka; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 9flfxq2156l6ztoyqthe5k6g1454zpt 3133197 3133195 2022-08-09T09:49:21Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) jīm-kàu hi̍k-tsiá ha̍k-sip ê tsi̍t-tīn uē-ka; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-īñ sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] nx6sbtrqgl0611lk95298e3xw3rpk21 3133198 3133197 2022-08-09T09:55:37Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) jīm-kàu hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 94az1dpcoirnd4e8rjcz2rsxi0asjzj 3133199 3133198 2022-08-09T09:56:47Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] ni7tdb1b5zsja856ynbfld8s7f8690b 3133200 3133199 2022-08-09T10:15:51Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Kunstakademie Düsseldorf | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Kunstakademie Düsseldorf | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = [[Lambert Krahe]] | rector = [[Karl-Heinz Petzinka]] | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Düsseldorf]] | state = [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] | country = Germany | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] l3zeda7hwu842tboxfjk38wzbdgiajp 3133201 3133200 2022-08-09T10:16:14Z Andreicuax 54001 Andreicuax sóa [[Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̍k-hāu]] chit ia̍h khì [[Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Kunstakademie Düsseldorf | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Kunstakademie Düsseldorf | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = [[Lambert Krahe]] | rector = [[Karl-Heinz Petzinka]] | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Düsseldorf]] | state = [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] | country = Germany | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] l3zeda7hwu842tboxfjk38wzbdgiajp 3133203 3133201 2022-08-09T10:17:36Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = [[Lambert Krahe]] | rector = [[Karl-Heinz Petzinka]] | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Düsseldorf]] | state = [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] | country = [[Tikkok]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] luuyz7ers68wly8ulj5eitisfalyqbi 3133204 3133203 2022-08-09T10:18:25Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe]}} | rector = [[Karl-Heinz Petzinka]] | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Düsseldorf]] | state = [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] | country = [[Tikkok]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] q1m0imxbmea9sopxz4kn9tdit4t0wul 3133205 3133204 2022-08-09T10:19:02Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe]}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Düsseldorf]] | state = [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] | country = [[Tikkok]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] g7ir99qmjr2fioj9ob47lf6vrpvpzkd 3133206 3133205 2022-08-09T10:19:19Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Düsseldorf]] | state = [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] | country = [[Tikkok]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] g13m4cu0pe0z9u3pbmyinijs4h787ot 3133207 3133206 2022-08-09T10:19:56Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] bwu8yclp9z4ox3sgp8vz0gsy1pg1i7m 3133208 3133207 2022-08-09T10:20:38Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-uThâu-lângt== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] jgj4qiabqdr1s53f0xeac60berxhxds 3133209 3133208 2022-08-09T10:21:51Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-uThâu-lângt */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] m37ul66g89blek8pqm5dhp3cmxhsbfq 3133210 3133209 2022-08-09T10:22:09Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 1u2lu621q6fphlfqg6wpdcj5bz5kl07 3133211 3133210 2022-08-09T10:22:18Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Category:Düsseldorf school of painting| ]] [[Category:Romantic art movements]] [[Category:Realism]] [[Category:Impressionism]] [[Category:German artist groups and collectives]] [[Category:19th-century German people]] [[Category:Culture in Düsseldorf]] [[Category:History of Düsseldorf]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] mnhfpjuf827f0oi0npjgsf3g11dq4kr 3133212 3133211 2022-08-09T10:24:31Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] jwzwu1ft0wns7bom4b4tjolrg1fsplp 3133213 3133212 2022-08-09T10:25:33Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-iû uē-ka {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] qua7aamvbb50nn4o9mk4fz9prizuzij 3133214 3133213 2022-08-09T10:25:49Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-iû [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 006jlicktv2yvejhkas4piptjqwa384 3133215 3133214 2022-08-09T10:26:08Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] o1ezfa07vkwhdkxl3dc8xp0pyih7oq8 3133216 3133215 2022-08-09T10:28:28Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 nî-tāi kah 1840 nî-tāi kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] sw6ciabbah7vsug1ut6x4mhpe1gh6ce 3133217 3133216 2022-08-09T10:29:18Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kî-kan teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 88m4yhjcj8ib36u06wgmcqqbfqtqjj4 3133218 3133217 2022-08-09T10:30:05Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] [[sî-kan|kî-kan]] teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] q59radx4jnm9y9nzcii69aoo57w4d4z 3133219 3133218 2022-08-09T10:32:22Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] hi̍k-tsiá [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 1l18143abohqb43cb1o1tpday6f62uy 3133220 3133219 2022-08-09T10:33:57Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 3pk8zxy07ttxn7mptkls6i79jktysqv 3133228 3133220 2022-08-09T10:48:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 68sxz9se6on0tl45f47bwnc4fkecyl7 3133229 3133228 2022-08-09T10:51:57Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-kái */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] dq9kdgdvqtp641yd6f1q7k3b5s5dx3f 3133230 3133229 2022-08-09T10:52:50Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] q036n7tipmxhwwg4gjogwsoo5fgx4x7 3133231 3133230 2022-08-09T10:54:02Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="160" widths="220"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] r5ffz7henygjbwbe9v7og5rg3yjd11a 3133232 3133231 2022-08-09T10:55:02Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] gspwjjp1cnpvc0nnircytdq5819e1o8 3133233 3133232 2022-08-09T10:57:02Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] m2sy4adt67vvg8tnhv9rrv4r8lm74q3 3133234 3133233 2022-08-09T11:07:39Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-kái */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{Hauptartikel|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} Zwischen 1819 und 1918 gehörten zur Düsseldorfer Malerschule etwa 4000 Künstler.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Als herausragende Künstler dieser Schule gelten, aufgelistet nach Genres: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] ccaqu27di11n1wypurpz4b47pbsfa6c 3133235 3133234 2022-08-09T11:08:10Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Uē-ka */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} Zwischen 1819 und 1918 gehörten zur Düsseldorfer Malerschule etwa 4000 Künstler.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Als herausragende Künstler dieser Schule gelten, aufgelistet nach Genres: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] fplgxpzta6bjgsso6asr5gae1f3jhcn 3133236 3133235 2022-08-09T11:09:43Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} Zwischen 1819 und 1918 gehörten zur Düsseldorfer Malerschule etwa 4000 Künstler.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Als herausragende Künstler dieser Schule gelten, aufgelistet nach Genres: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 6moqqs7r8c41mfms7dgm2t3ebvnwhrj 3133237 3133236 2022-08-09T11:10:59Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Guā-pōo lên-ket */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} Zwischen 1819 und 1918 gehörten zur Düsseldorfer Malerschule etwa 4000 Künstler.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Als herausragende Künstler dieser Schule gelten, aufgelistet nach Genres: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) {{de}} * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) {{de}} * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 {{de}} * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] {{de}} * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] {{de}} * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] {{de}} * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] {{de}} * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf {{de}} * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min {{de}} * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} {{de}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] {{de}} *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] {{en}} *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] {{en}} *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{en}} {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] l5pgvx9kvkwkhauougok915ie18pbxj 3133238 3133237 2022-08-09T11:15:08Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Uē-ka */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} 1819-nî tsì 1918-nî kî-kan, liōng-kî-iok ū 4000 ê gē-su̍t-ka sio̍k-û Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Tsit-king ha̍k-hāu ê kia̍t-tshut ê gē-su̍t-ka, án liu-pâi lia̍t-tshut u ē-kha tsia-ê lâng: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) {{de}} * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) {{de}} * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 {{de}} * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] {{de}} * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] {{de}} * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] {{de}} * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] {{de}} * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf {{de}} * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min {{de}} * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} {{de}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] {{de}} *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] {{en}} *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] {{en}} *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{en}} {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 0g71ncsp4itm6438ikidm22z38xm3jf 3133239 3133238 2022-08-09T11:15:22Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Pōo-hūn gē-su̍t tsok-phín */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn huē-uē gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} 1819-nî tsì 1918-nî kî-kan, liōng-kî-iok ū 4000 ê gē-su̍t-ka sio̍k-û Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Tsit-king ha̍k-hāu ê kia̍t-tshut ê gē-su̍t-ka, án liu-pâi lia̍t-tshut u ē-kha tsia-ê lâng: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) {{de}} * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) {{de}} * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 {{de}} * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] {{de}} * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] {{de}} * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] {{de}} * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] {{de}} * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf {{de}} * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min {{de}} * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} {{de}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] {{de}} *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] {{en}} *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] {{en}} *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{en}} {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] bwz28qvf3c3aekenc1vga6s87i4omrq 3133240 3133239 2022-08-09T11:17:20Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Uē-ka */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn huē-uē gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} 1819-nî tsì 1918-nî kî-kan, liōng-kî-iok ū 4000 ê huē-uē gē-su̍t-ka sio̍k-û Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Tsit-king ha̍k-hāu ê kia̍t-tshut ê gē-su̍t-ka, án liu-pâi lia̍t-tshut u ē-kha tsia-ê lâng: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) {{de}} * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) {{de}} * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 {{de}} * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] {{de}} * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] {{de}} * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] {{de}} * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] {{de}} * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf {{de}} * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min {{de}} * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} {{de}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] {{de}} *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] {{en}} *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] {{en}} *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{en}} {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] jnis2y9i919xdcxar2lsxwvjplohzju 3133241 3133240 2022-08-09T11:18:09Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Uē-ka */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn huē-uē gē-su̍t tsok-phín == <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} 1819-nî tsì 1918-nî kî-kan, liōng-kî-iok ū 4000 ê [[Ōe-ka|huē-uē gē-su̍t-ka]] sio̍k-û Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Tsit-king ha̍k-hāu ê kia̍t-tshut ê gē-su̍t-ka, án liu-pâi lia̍t-tshut u ē-kha tsia-ê lâng: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) {{de}} * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) {{de}} * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 {{de}} * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] {{de}} * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] {{de}} * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] {{de}} * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] {{de}} * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf {{de}} * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min {{de}} * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} {{de}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] {{de}} *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] {{en}} *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] {{en}} *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{en}} {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] s30wfhgfwfyj6ndmgi7wxxi6dqqw8ds 3133245 3133241 2022-08-09T11:27:29Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Pōo-hūn huē-uē gē-su̍t tsok-phín */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]: Düsseldorfer Malerschule) sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn huē-uē gē-su̍t tsok-phín == ''<small>Ti̍t-tsiap tiám-kik {{le|Sok-tô͘|Thumbnail|sok-tôo}} tō ē-tàng kā tôo-siōng hòng-tuā.</small>'' <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} 1819-nî tsì 1918-nî kî-kan, liōng-kî-iok ū 4000 ê [[Ōe-ka|huē-uē gē-su̍t-ka]] sio̍k-û Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Tsit-king ha̍k-hāu ê kia̍t-tshut ê gē-su̍t-ka, án liu-pâi lia̍t-tshut u ē-kha tsia-ê lâng: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) {{de}} * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) {{de}} * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 {{de}} * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] {{de}} * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] {{de}} * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] {{de}} * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] {{de}} * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf {{de}} * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min {{de}} * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} {{de}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] {{de}} *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] {{en}} *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] {{en}} *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{en}} {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 3zn1kn8v44g6bc8uhpmvz5i528mx4z3 3133255 3133245 2022-08-09T11:37:34Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]:''' Düsseldorfer Malerschule''') sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn huē-uē gē-su̍t tsok-phín == ''<small>Ti̍t-tsiap tiám-kik {{le|Sok-tô͘|Thumbnail|sok-tôo}} tō ē-tàng kā tôo-siōng hòng-tuā.</small>'' <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} 1819-nî tsì 1918-nî kî-kan, liōng-kî-iok ū 4000 ê [[Ōe-ka|huē-uē gē-su̍t-ka]] sio̍k-û Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Tsit-king ha̍k-hāu ê kia̍t-tshut ê gē-su̍t-ka, án liu-pâi lia̍t-tshut u ē-kha tsia-ê lâng: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) {{de}} * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) {{de}} * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 {{de}} * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] {{de}} * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] {{de}} * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] {{de}} * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] {{de}} * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf {{de}} * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min {{de}} * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} {{de}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] {{de}} *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] {{en}} *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] {{en}} *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert | Portal Rheinische Geschichte] {{en}} {{div col end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf School Of Painting}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Ìn-siōng-phài]] [[Category:Düsseldorf ê le̍k-sú]] [[Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]] 7fak8z45v9v1mvcbdn9iv125h3v3rwd 3133256 3133255 2022-08-09T11:48:02Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-kái */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu<br>{{small|(Düsseldorfer Malerschule)}} | image = Kunstakademie in Duesseldorf-Altstadt, von Nordwesten.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_alt = | caption = Düsseldorfer Malerschule | former_names = | established = {{start date|1762}} | founder = {{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} | rector = {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} | principal = | director = | dean = | students = | city = [[Tikkok]] [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] [[Düsseldorf]] | state = | country = | coordinates = {{coord|51|13|50|N|6|46|25|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark|display=title, inline}} | campus = | website = {{URL|http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/}} }} '''Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu''' ([[ing-gú]]: Düsseldorf school of painting; [[tik-gú]]:''' Düsseldorfer Malerschule''') sī tsi̍t-ê [[gē-su̍t|gē-su̽t]] [[Kàu-io̍k|kàu-io̽k]] [[Iōng-gí-ha̍k|su̍t-gú]], sī teh kóng tī 1830 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] kah 1840 [[Cha̍p-nî-kí|nî-tāi]] {{le|sî-tōaⁿ|Dayparting|kî-kan}} teh {{le|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (tsit-má kiò-tsò {{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf)) [[Kàu-io̍k|jīm-kàu]] [[Chiap-sio̍k-sû|hi̍k-tsiá]] [[Ha̍k-si̍p|ha̽k-sı̽p]] ê tsi̍t-tīn [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]]; hit-ê sî-tsūn "Düsseldorf huē-uē ha̽k-hāu" sī-hōo [[Ōe-ka|uē-ka]] {{le|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow|Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow}} teh [[Thâu-lâng|tshuā-thâu]].<ref>Schadow and his students "bildeten den Krystallisationspunkt, um den sich in späteren Jahren die Düsseldorfer Schule anlegte". [[Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter]]: ''Düsseldorfer Künstler aus den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren''. Leipzig, 1854, S. 1</ref> == Pōo-hūn huē-uē gē-su̍t tsok-phín == ''<small>Ti̍t-tsiap tiám-kik {{le|Sok-tô͘|Thumbnail|sok-tôo}} tō ē-tàng kā tôo-siōng hòng-tuā.</small>'' <gallery class="center" heights="80" widths="120"> 1828 Lessing Ritterburg anagoria.JPG|''[[Das Felsenschloss]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1828 Pauline Hübner, by Julius Hübner.jpg|''[[Porträt der Pauline Hübner]]'' von [[Julius Hübner (Maler, 1806)|Julius Hübner]], 1829 Carl Friedrich Lessing - Royal Couple Mourning for their Dead Daughter - WGA12905.jpg|''[[Das trauernde Königspaar]]'' von Carl Friedrich Lessing, 1830 Eduard Bendemann- Die trauernden Juden im Exil um 1832.jpg|''[[Die trauernden Juden im Exil]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1832 Velten, J. Der Düsseldorfer Hafen 1832.jpg|''[[Der Düsseldorfer Hafen]]'' von [[Johann Velten]], 1832 Theodor Hildebrandt Krieger u Kind.jpg|''[[Der Krieger und sein Kind]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1832 Eduard Bendeman - Two Girls at the Well - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die zwei Mädchen am Brunnen]]'' von Eduard Bendemann, 1833 Rome, a view of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond by Rudolf Wiegmann 1834.jpg|''Aussicht auf den Tiber nach Süden mit dem Kastell S. Angelo und der Basilika St. Peter'' von [[Rudolf Wiegmann]], 1834 Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Richard III. (Drama)#Handlung|Die Ermordung der Söhne Eduards&nbsp;IV.]]'' von [[Theodor Hildebrandt]], 1835 Hussitenpredigt.jpg|''[[Die Hussitenpredigt]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1836 Johann Peter Hasenclever, Atelierszene 1836.jpg|''[[Atelierszene]]'' von [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]], 1836 Pose Ahrtal.JPG|''Ahrlandschaft'' von [[Eduard Wilhelm Pose]], 1836 Johann Wilhelm Schirmer - Campagne romaine.jpg|''[[Campagna Romana|Römische Campagna]]'' von [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]], 1840 Carl Wilhelm Hübner - The Silesian Weavers - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die schlesischen Weber (Gemälde)|Die schlesischen Weber]]'' von [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]], 1844 LidaBendemann1847.jpg|''[[Bildnis Lida Bendemann]]'' von [[Eduard Bendemann]], 1847 Andreas Achenbach - Clearing Up—Coast of Sicily - Walters 37116.jpg|''Aufbrechen des Himmels an der Küste Siziliens'' von [[Andreas Achenbach]], 1847 Adolph Tidemand - Die Andacht der Haugianer, 1848.jpg|''[[Die Haugianer]]'' von [[Adolph Tidemand]], 1848 Carl Friedrich Lessing - The Siege (Defense of a Church Courtyard During the Thirty Years’ War) - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die Belagerung (Carl Friedrich Lessing)|Die Belagerung]]'' von [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]], 1848 War News from Mexico.jpg|''[[War News from Mexico]]'' von [[Richard Caton Woodville]], 1848 Mathilde Wesendonck by Karl Ferdinand Sohn, 1850.jpg|''[[Mathilde Wesendonck]]'' von [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]], 1850 Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, MMA-NYC, 1851.jpg|''[[Washington Crossing the Delaware]]'' von [[Emanuel Leutze]], 1851 Karl Ferdinand Wimar - The Captive Charger.jpg|''[[Sioux|The Captive Charger]]'' von [[Charles Wimar]], 1854 George Caleb Bingham - Jolly Flatboatmen in Port.jpg|''[[Missouri River|Jolly Flatboatmen in Port]]'' von [[George Caleb Bingham]], 1857 Oswald Achenbach 002.jpg|''Klostergarten'' von [[Oswald Achenbach]], nach 1857 VautierDorfkirche.jpg|''[[Dorfkirche mit Andächtigen]]'' von [[Benjamin Vautier]], 1858 Eugene von Guerard - Bush fire between Mount Elephant and Timboon, 1857.jpg|''Das [[Buschfeuer in Australien|Buschfeuer]] zwischen [[Mount Elephant]] und Timboon im Jahr 1857'' von [[Eugene von Guerard]], 1859 Felix Schlesinger Im Auswanderungsbüro.jpg|''Im Auswanderungsbüro (In der Pass- und Polizeistube vor der [[Auswanderung|Emigration]])'' von [[Felix Schlesinger]], 1859<ref>[http://www.dah-bremerhaven.de/stiftung/projekte.html ''Felix Schlesinger – „In der Paß- und Polizeistube vor der Emigration“''], Webseite im Portal ''dah-bremerhaven.de'' (Stiftung Deutsches Auswandererhaus), abgerufen am 4. August 2014</ref> Lorenz Clasen - Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein (1860).jpg|''[[Germania auf der Wacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Lorenz Clasen]], 1860 Sommernacht am Rhein.jpg|''[[Sommernacht am Rhein]]'' von [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]], 1862 Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|''[[Rocky Mountains]] – Lander’s Peak'' von [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1863<ref>Auf der New York Sanitary Fair 1864 wurde das Bild begeistert aufgenommen. In ihm ließ Bierstadt seine Düsseldorfer Malerausbildung sowie seine Eindrücke von Reisen in europäische und amerikanische Hochgebirge einfließen. Mit einem Preis von 25.000 Dollar wurde es schließlich als teuerstes Landschaftsgemälde seiner Zeit verkauft. Vgl. Michaela Maier: [http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/627/1/Bierstadt.pdf ''Abert Bierstadt: Rocky Mountains – Lander’s Peak''] (PDF; 580&nbsp;kB) Magisterarbeit, Heidelberg 1999, S. 4; abgerufen im Portal ''archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de'' am 18. August 2013</ref> 1868 Bleibtreu Schlacht bei Koeniggraetz anagoria.JPG|''[[Schlacht bei Königgrätz]]'' von [[Georg Bleibtreu]], nach 1866 Munkácsy Siralomház I.jpg|''[[Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (Gemälde)|Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten]]'' von [[Mihály Munkácsy]], 1870 Erik Bodom - Ruhe nach dem Sturm (1871).jpg|''Ruhe nach dem Sturm'' von [[Erik Bodom]], 1871 Franzoesischer-meldereiter.jpg|''Französischer Meldereiter'' von [[Emil Hünten]], 1872 Feuerbach Amazonenschlacht 1873.jpg|''[[Die Amazonenschlacht]]'' von [[Anselm Feuerbach]], 1873 Dücker Mere rannal.jpg|''Mere rannal'' von [[Eugen Dücker]], 1875 Christian Ludwig Bokelmann Der Kunstkenner 1879.jpg|''Der Kunstkenner'' von [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]], 1879 Arthur Kampf - The Last Statement - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Die letzte Aussage]]'' von [[Arthur Kampf]], 1886 Bochmann B0230 - Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes.jpg|''Flottmachen eines Fischerbootes'' von [[Gregor von Bochmann (Maler)|Gregor von Bochmann]], 1888 Worringen 1288.jpg|''[[Walter Dodde und die bergischen Bauern bei der Schlacht bei Worringen]]'' von [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen dem Älteren]], 1893 Kolitz Kassel Schoene Aussicht c1900.jpg|''Kassel, Schöne Aussicht'' von [[Louis Kolitz]], um 1900 Eugen Bracht Hoesch.jpg|''[[Hoesch AG|Eisen- und Stahlwerk Hoesch in Dortmund]]'' von [[Eugen Bracht]], 1907 Hans Deiker - Landschaft in der Bretagne.jpg|''Landschaft in der Bretagne'' von [[Hans Deiker]], 1910 Willy Lucas - Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf 1917.jpg|''Am Wilhelmsplatz in Düsseldorf'' von [[Willy Lucas]], 1917 </gallery> ==Uē-ka== {{main|Liste von Malern der Düsseldorfer Malerschule}} 1819-nî tsì 1918-nî kî-kan, liōng-kî-iok ū 4000 ê [[Ōe-ka|huē-uē gē-su̍t-ka]] sio̍k-û Düsseldorf hōe-ōe ha̍k-hāu.<ref>Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule'', 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999</ref> Tsit-king ha̍k-hāu ê kia̍t-tshut ê gē-su̍t-ka, án liu-pâi lia̍t-tshut u ē-kha tsia-ê lâng: ===Li̍k-sú huē-uē, tsong-kàu, sîn-uē hām ú-giân huē-uē=== * [[Eduard Bendemann]] (1811–1889) * [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827–1901) * [[Peter von Cornelius]] (1783–1867) * [[Anselm Feuerbach]] (1829–1880) * [[Eduard Gebhardt|Eduard von Gebhardt]] (1838–1925) * [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] (1804–1874) * [[Carl Wilhelm Hübner]] (1814–1879) * [[Johann Peter Theodor Janssen|Peter Janssen d.&nbsp;Ä.]] (1844–1908) * [[Emanuel Leutze]] (1816–1868) * [[Alfred Rethel]] (1816–1859) * [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow|Wilhelm von Schadow]] (1788–1862) * [[Friedrich Stummel]] (1850–1919) * [[Hermann Wislicenus]] (1825–1899) ===Siàu-siōng-uē=== * [[Karl Ferdinand Sohn]] (1805–1867) * [[Karl Rudolf Sohn]] (1845–1908) ===Hong-sio̍k-uē=== * [[George Caleb Bingham]] (1811–1879) * [[Christian Ludwig Bokelmann]] (1844–1894) * [[Christian Eduard Boettcher]] (1818–1889) * [[Johann Peter Hasenclever]] (1810–1853) * [[Rudolf Jordan (Maler)|Rudolf Jordan]] (1810–1887) * [[Ludwig Knaus]] (1829–1910) * [[Adolph Schroedter]] (1805–1875) * [[Adolph Tidemand]] (1814–1876) * [[Benjamin Vautier]] (1829–1898) ===Tsìng-bu̍t-uē=== * [[Jakob Lehnen]] (1803–1847) * [[Emilie Preyer]] (1849–1930) * [[Johann Wilhelm Preyer]] (1803–1889) ===San-suí-uē=== * [[Andreas Achenbach]] (1815–1910) * [[Oswald Achenbach]] (1827–1905) * [[Albert Bierstadt]] (1830–1902) * [[Max Clarenbach]] (1880–1952) * [[Eugen Dücker]] (1841–1916) * [[Hans Fredrik Gude]] (1825–1903) * [[Carl Friedrich Lessing]] (1808–1880) * [[Johann Wilhelm Schirmer]] (1807–1863) ===Kiàn-tiok ham Veda huē-uē === * [[Theodor Groll]] (1857–1913) * [[Adolf Seel]] (1829–1907) * [[Franz Stegmann (Maler)|Franz Stegmann]] (1831–1892) * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]] (1804–1865) === Kun-sū hām tsiàn-tàu huē-uē === * [[August Beck (Maler)|August Beck]] (1823–1872) * [[Georg Bleibtreu]] (1828–1892) * [[Wilhelm Camphausen]] (1818–1885) * [[Emil Hünten]] (1827–1902) * [[Theodor Rocholl (Maler)|Theodor Rocholl]] (1854–1933) * [[Christian Sell]] (1831–1883) === Tōng-bu̍t hām Phah-la̍h huē-uē === * [[Carl Friedrich Deiker]] (1836–1892) * [[Johannes Deiker]] (1822–1895) * [[Christian Kröner]] (1838–1911) * [[Emil Volkers]] (1831–1905) ==Siu-tsông tsok-phín== [[Historisches Museum|Historische]] und [[Kunstmuseum|Kunstmuseen]] sowie [[Privatsammlung]]en, die über bedeutende Werke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule verfügen, sind: * [[Dr. Axe-Stiftung]], Bonn, Kronenburg/Eifel * [[Stiftung Deutsches Historisches Museum|Deutsches Historisches Museum]], Berlin * [[Museum Kunstpalast]], Düsseldorf * [[Städelsches Kunstinstitut|Städel Museum]], Frankfurt am Main * [[Stadtmuseum Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf]] * [[Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz]], [[Staatliche Museen zu Berlin]] (insbesondere [[Alte Nationalgalerie]]) * [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]], Wuppertal * [[Wallraf-Richartz-Museum & Fondation Corboud]], Köln ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} * ''Catalogue of Paintings by Artists of the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts'', Baker & Godwin, New York City 1855 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=WOkOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D%C3%BCsseldorf%20school%20of%20painting&f=false books.google.de]); darin: ''Historical Sketch of the Dusseldorf School of Art'', S. 3–6 {{de}} * ''The Dusseldorf School of Painting''. In: Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Litell (Hrsg.): ''Littell’s Living Age''. Volume C, Fourth Series, Volume XII (January, February, March 1869), Littell and Gay, Boston 1869, S. 299 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=00PWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299&dq=D%C3%BCsseldorf+school+of+painting&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-gsBU_nqDcLQtQaR84G4Bw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false books.google.de]) {{de}} * [[Bettina Baumgärtel]] (Hrsg.): [http://www.imhof-verlag.de/vorankuendigungen-2007/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-18191918.htm ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'']. Ausstellungskatalog, 2 Bände, Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-702-9. {{de}} * Martina Gödecke-Behnke: ''Das bürgerlicher Frauenporträt der Düsseldorfer Malerschule im Zeitraum von 1820 bis 1848. Eine kunstgeschichtliche und kulturhistorische Betrachtung anhand von zehn Beispielen'', Dissertation 1982 an der Fakultät der Abteilung Philosophie an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Verlag Dr. Bernd Kretschmer, St. Augustin 1983, ISBN 3-88873-004-X (= Wissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 7) {{de}} * [[Christa Holtei]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Kunst – Geschichte – Leben''. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2017, ISBN 978-3-7700-1598-6. {{de}} * [[Wolfgang Hütt]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1869''. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1984, 1995, ISBN 3-363-00634-9. {{de}} * [[Wend von Kalnein]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule''. Ausstellungskatalog. Redaktion: Dieter Graf, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9. {{de}} * Wend von Kalnein: ''The Hudson and the Rhine. Die amerikanische Malerkolonie in Düsseldorf im 19. Jahrhundert''. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, 1976 {{de}} * Ralf Kern: ''Oswald Achenbach: Ein Düsseldorfer malt Italien''. LIT Verlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10081-8. {{de}} * Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', 3 Bde., Bruckmann, München 1997–1998, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0, ISBN 3-7654-3011-0. {{de}} * [[Ekkehard Mai]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakademie im 19. Jahrhundert – Cornelius, Schadow und die Folgen''. In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): ''Düsseldorf in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte (1750–1850)'', Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5. {{de}} * Sabine Morgen: ''Die Ausstrahlung der Düsseldorfer Schule nach Amerika im 19. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorfer Bilder in Amerika und amerikanische Maler in Düsseldorf'' mit Künstlerlexikon auf CD-ROM, Edition Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-7675-3059-1 (= Göttinger Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, Band 2) {{de}} * [[Hans Paffrath]]: ''Meisterwerke der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918'', Droste, Düsseldorf 1995 {{de}} * [[Friedrich Schaarschmidt (Maler)|Friedrich Schaarschmidt]]: ''Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst, insbesondere im XIX. Jahrhundert'', herausgegeben vom [[Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen]]. Verlag August Bagel, Düsseldorf 1902; {{archive.org|zurgeschichteder00schauoft}} – [http://www.rambow.de/download/Zur-Geschichte-der-Duesseldorfer-Kunst.pdf rambow.de] (PDF; 9,8&nbsp;MB) {{de}} * [[Johann Josef Scotti]]: ''Die Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule, oder auch Kunst-Academie in den Jahren 1834, 1835 und 1836, und auch vorher und nachher''. Schreiner, Düsseldorf 1837 ([http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-74928 Digitalisierte Ausgabe] der [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]]) {{de}} * [[Martina Sitt]]: ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Auf Goethes Spuren.'' In: Ursula Bongaerts (Hrsg.): ''Die „Düsseldorfer Compagnie“ in Rom 1830–1860. Landschaftsmaler auf Goethes Spuren.'' Casa di Goethe, Rom 2000, S. 9–44. {{de}} * [[Karl Leopold Strauven]]: ''Ueber künstlerisches Leben und Wirken in Düsseldorf bis zur Düsseldorfer Maler-Schule unter Direktor Schadow''. Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voß, Düsseldorf 1862 {{de}} * Andreas Wartmann: ''Studien zur Bildnismalerei der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (1826–1876)'', Lit Verlag, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-8258-2845-X (= Uni Press Hochschulschriften Band 80) {{de}} * [[Rudolf Wiegmann]]: ''Die Königliche Kunst-Akademie zu Düsseldorf. Ihre Geschichte, Einrichtung und Wirksamkeit und die Düsseldorfer Künstler'', Düsseldorf 1856. {{de}} * Christian Scholl, Anne-Katrin Sors (Hrsg.): ''Vor den Gemälden: Eduard Bendemann zeichnet. Bestandskatalog der Zeichnungen und Skizzenbücher eines Hauptvertreters der Düsseldorfer Malerschule in der Göttinger Universitätskunstsammlung'', Göttingen 2012, Göttinger Universitätsverlag, ISBN 978-3-86395-083-5 [http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/univerlag/2012/Bendemann_Kat.pdf online] (PDF; 15&nbsp;MB) {{de}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== *{{le|Düsseldorf kok-li̍p gē-su̍t ha̍k-īⁿ|Kunstakademie Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf kok-lı̽p gē-su̽t ha̽k-īñ}} *{{le|Lambert Krahe|Lambert Krahe}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commonscat}} {{div col|2}} * [https://www.kunstpalast.de/uploads/pdf/Knstlerliste-der-Dsseldorfer-Malerschule.pdf ''Künstler und Künstlerinnen der Düsseldorfer Malerschule (Auswahl, Stand: November 2016)''] (PDF; 2,5&nbsp;MB) PDF auf ''kunstpalast.de'' ([[Museum Kunstpalast]]) {{de}} * [http://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/themen/Das%20Rheinland%20im%2019.%20Jahrhundert/Seiten/DuesseldorferMalerschule.aspx ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. Jahrhundert''], Webseite im Portal ''rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de'' ([[Landschaftsverband Rheinland]]) {{de}} * [http://www.duesseldorfer-malerschule.com/einfuehrung.html Webseiten zur Einführung in das Ausstellungsthema ''Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule'' durch das Museum Kunstpalast], Düsseldorf 2011 {{de}} * [http://stiftung-volmer.de/main.php Stiftung Sammlung Volmer – Sammlung von Werken der Düsseldorfer Malerschule], siehe auch [[Stiftung Sammlung Volmer]] {{de}} * [http://www.kgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/projekte/duema Ausstellung „Angesichts des Alltäglichen“] {{de}} * [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/dfg Düsseldorfer Malerschule (DFG)], Digitale Sammlung der [[Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf]], gefördert durch die [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] {{de}} * [https://www.sammlung-rheinromantik.de/index.php?id=9 Sammlung Rheinromantik – Düsseldorfer Künstler und die Rheinromantik] {{de}} * [http://www.smkp.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/weltklasse-die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-1819-1918.html „Weltklasse – Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“], Online-Ankündigung der Ausstellung des [[Museum Kunstpalast|Museums Kunstpalast]], 24. September 2011 bis 22. Januar 2012 in Düsseldorf {{de}} * [http://www.ardmediathek.de/ard/servlet/content/3517136?documentId=8282542 „Düsseldorfer Schule“], WDR-Beitrag vom 22. September 2011 über die Vorbereitungen der Ausstellung „Weltklasse – Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918“ mit einem Interview mit der Ausstellungskuratorin Bettina Baumgärtel, Video 02.37 min {{de}} * {{cite web | url=http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/2023847/dkult_DE_MUS_038619_301912|title=Stammbaum der Düsseldorfer Malerschule |author=Unbekannt (Hersteller)|accessdate=2015-03-02 |publisher=Europeana}} {{de}} * [https://www.oblivion-art.de/index.php/porzellan/werke-von-kuenstlern-der-duesseldorfer-malerschule-auf-porzellan oblivion-art.de] {{de}} *[http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/06/dusseldorf-school.html Gurney Journey: The Düsseldorf School] {{en}} *[https://duesseldorfer-malerschule.info/ Die Kunst der Düsseldorfer Schule - Düsseldorfer Malerschule] {{en}} *[https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/die-duesseldorfer-malerschule-im-19.-jahrhundert/DE-2086/lido/57d1295fefdcc4.18641232 Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule im 19. 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