Wikipedia snwiki https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peji_Rekutanga MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.25 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 3964 97753 92875 2022-08-22T17:35:31Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nguva''' ([[Chingezi|nge]]. ''time, duration'') kana '''nguwa''' ienderero ye [[sikwenzi]] ye [[uzima]] uye [[Chiitiko (ugondamano)|zviitiko]] zvinoitika musasesheni isingarhivhesike kubva ku[[Razuro|ukare]], mu[[ruzvino]] uye mu[[ramangwana]]. Ikomponenti kwanditi ye [[Upimo|zvipimo]] zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa ku[[Sikwenzi|sikwenza]] zviitiko, kuenzanisa nguvainotorwa (dhuresheni) ye zviitiko kana maindavhoro aripakati pawo, uye kukwandifaya [[Mupambutsi|rheti ye shanduko]] ye makwanditi emu[[Uvudi we Sainzi|mtumbi pavudi]] kana mu[[rupepuko]] rwe [[itiko]] (ekspiriyenzi). Nguva inowanzo dudzwa ichinzi se [[utandu]] [[Ina|una]], pamwe ne [[utandu unhatu we chadenga]]. Nguva yagarisa iri [[nhauro]] yakakosha ye kudzidza mu[[chinamato]], [[ugondamano]] uye [[sainzi]], asi kuipa chirevo munzira inopinda mu[[ndimafundo]] dzose pasina chirevo chinozivikwa (''circular definition'') kwakakonzera kukanganisa [[Mufundi|vafundi (maskola)]]. Zvakadaro, ndimafundo dzakasiyana senge [[bhizimusi]], [[hushangazhi]], [[maspoti]], masainzi, uye [[zviseza zvokupefoma]] (''performing arts'') zvinosanganisa nosheni yenguva mu[[Upimo|mitandira ye kupima]] yazvo. Nguva inopimwa nezviyero zvinonzi: sekondi(s), [[mineti_(nguva)|mineti]] (min), [[awa_(nguva)|awa]] (h). [[Musi]] umwe une ma[[Awa]] makumi maviri nemana (24h). Awa rimwe rine makumi matanhatu emineti. Mineti imwe ine makumi matanhatu esekondi.[[Kudzamara]], [[dzamara]], [[kudzimara]], [[kudzingara]] - ishoko rinotaurwa kurevera chinhu chiri kuitwa iko zvino chichizomira kana kushanduka kana imwe nguva yasvika. Somuenzaniso - ticharima dhunduru rekumadokero kudzamara zuva ravira. Ticharamba tichifamba [[kudzamara]] tasvika pane misha. *[[Nguva|Metsa]] (until) izwi re[[ChiNdau]] rinofanana nokuti kudzimara. Sokuti metsa nhasi (until today) kusvika nhasi. Metsa auye (until he comes) kudzimara auye. *''Ruth 1:19'', Ndizvo vairi ava vakaenda [[metsa]] vaguma Bhetherehema: So the two of them went on until they came to Bethlehem. (kubva mu[[Bhaibheri]] re[[ChiNdau]] ) *[[Mhindi]] (Short space of time). *[[Kamukowoko]], [[kamukuwo]] kana [[chinguva]] (Instant. Moment. 2. Short space of time). *[[Kutunha]], [[kutunhidzira]] kana kutunhiridza (postpone) apa kureva kushandudza chiitiko chakatarwa nguva yacho kuti chichifamba panguva iri mberi. *[[Chigu]] (temporary thing). *[[Chingo]], [[chinguri]] kana [[chiko]] (Since). Chingo ndakabarwa handisati ndambosvika ku[[Mavhuradonha]]. *[[Nhasi]] (today) izwi rinoreva zuva rino ratiri kana musi uno watiri. Ku[[ChiNdau]] inoti [[nyamashi]]. == Nguva ye Chishona == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="5" | |- ! colspan="5" |[[Kuseniseni]] |- !nguva pa wachi !Chishona !nguva pa wachi !Chishona !Nguva pa wachi (inogona kuva iyi futi) |- !4:00am – 4:59am |[[mambamkwedza]]; [[mashambanzou]] !ante meridien; AM |makuseni; KSN !4:00ksn – 4:59ksn |- !5:00am – 5:59am |[[runyanhiriri]]; [[mafuramhembwe]] ! | !5:00ksn – 5:59ksn |- ! colspan="5" |[[Mangwanani]] |- !6:00am – 9:59am |[[rudziyamushana]]; [[rudziyakamwe]] ! | !6:00ksn – 9:59ksn |- !10:00am – 11:59am |[[rurovanhongonya]] ! | !10:00ksn – 11:59ksn |- ! colspan="5" |[[Masikati]] |- !12:00pm – 14:59pm |[[masikati]] !post meridien; PM |masikati; SKT !12:00skt – 14:59skt |- !15:00pm – 16:59pm |[[madeukira]] [madekwana] ! | !15:00skt – 16:59skt |- ! colspan="5" |[[Madeko]] |- !17:00pm – 17:59pm |[[rukunzvikunzvi]] ! | !17:00skt – 17:59mskt |- !18:00pm – 18:59pm |[[rufuramhembwe]] [manhoko] ! | !18:00skt – 18:59skt |- ! colspan="5" |[[Manheru]] |- !19:00pm – 19:59pm |[[ruvhunzavaeni]] ! | !19:00skt – 19:59skt |- ! colspan="5" |[[Usiku]] |- !20:00pm – 3:59am |[[usiku]] ! | !20:00skt – 3:59skt |} == Zvinyorwa zve vufundo == === Mwero wenguva === *Chitima chinosvika ne[[chido_(nenguva)|chido]]: the train arrives on time. *[[Mangwana]] kana [[hwedza_(mangwana)|hwedza]] (tomorrow). *[[Hwedza Mangwanani]] (Tomorrow Morning). *[[Hwedza Mauro]] (Tomorrow Evening). *Kuswera mangwana (day after tomorrow). *[[Kuswera Zuro]] kana [[marimwe zuro]] (day before yesterday). *Masikati kana [[sikati]] (daytime) apa kureva nguva yokunge kunze kwakachena. *[[Mambakwedza]] kana [[marirakwedza]] (dawn of day) apa kureva chifumo chezuva. *[[Utonga]] kana utongwa hwakatsvuka (first glow). *[[Mukore]] (period of history). *[[Mukuwo]] (time, period?) Tarisa ''Esther 8:9'' mu[[Bhaibheri]] re[[ChiNdau]]. *[[Nguva|Nhaka]] (this year) zvichireva gore rino. Nhaka tinonzwaririra: gore rino tinonzwaririra. Tinokwanisa kutura tichiti [[nhaka uno]] kana [[nhaka rino]]. *Izwi rokuti [[chibaka]] (time) rinotaurwa ku[[Kalanga]] richireva [[nguva]]. Zvichida iwi iri rinotodzana nezita rinonzi [[Chiwaka]]? *Izwi rokuti chimuka (following day) rinotaurwa kuKalanga richireva mangwana. === Kurerutsa Mutauro === *Mati sekuru vachasvika nhamboi? *[[Mugarakare]] (Object that has lasted long, or will last long, or has been a long time in its present position). *[[Hunderere]], [[hunyata]], kana [[tsva-a]] (ideo of Growing dark at dusk). Kunze kwava kuti hunderere: dusk is falling. *Apo nyika ichindoripo [[mukuwo]] wokukusha nokukukura, kutonhora nokupisha, chirimo nechando, masikati nousiku azvizokoreri, ''Genesis 8:23'' (kubva mu[[Bhaibheri]] re[[ChiNdau]]). *[[Chinguri]] ndamuka handina kumbobuda panze. *[[Chiko]] ndakabarwa handisati ndamboona [[nzunza]]. *[[Chingo]] chandapinda handisati ndaonana na[[Chiremba]]. === Tsumo === *Zuva ravira radoka usiku hahuriri [[shiri]]. After sunset, it dawns (already); birds do not sing at night. *Pasi mupindu panopinduka. The world is liable to change, it changes. === Mashoko ashandiswa === {| ! ! ! ! ! ! |- | |sikwenzi ([[:en:Sequence|sequence]]) | |itiko ([[:en:Qualia|experience]], qualia) | |ndimafundo (field of study) |- | |mtumbi pavudi ([[:en:Scientific_realism|material reality]]) | |utandu una (fourth dimension) | | |- | |indavhoro (interval) | |utandu utatu we chadenga (three-dimensional space) | | |- | |rupepuko (conscious) | |chadenga (space) | | |} ==Mitauro ye Chibantu== *[[Mang'anja]] inoti ntawi (n. time) kureva nguva. [[Nyungwe]] inoti nthawe (time) kureva nguva. [[Kagulu]] inoti chigele (time). *[[Zigula]] ne[[Digo]] inoti chipindi (awhile, while, time, channel, episode; Period of time) kureva nhambwe yenguva. [[Yao]] inoti katema (time, occasion, season, date). *[[Nyanja]] inoti bindikiza (n. to be permanent). [[Shambala]] inoti minga (n. time) kureva nguva. [[Kinande]] inoti endambi (time) kureva [[nguva]]. *[[Makua]] inoti okathi (n. time) kureva [[nguva]]. [[Ndebele]] inoti isikathi. [[Luganda]] inoti mlundi (a time) kureva chinguva. [[Kinande]] inoti -tambi (time, duration) kureva [[nhambo]]. *Luganda inoti milundi mingi (often) kureva nguva zhinji. [[VaZigula]] inoti ntambo ino (this time). Mamwe mazwi: ntambo ntuhu (next time). Muda kana mwida (period). [[Category:Fundoyetsimba]] [[Category:Tsika]] tvmcz2fh0p1b03zu1d5kcwhtrnezij2 0 16123 97751 88632 2022-08-22T16:47:00Z Masiziva 13430 Redirected page to [[Chiyo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chiyo]] b2k4iduu3h1dn07ey3tbu579vtrxgmd 0 18510 97755 97730 2022-08-23T04:08:53Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki ''<small>Tarisai futi [[Vakaranga]]</small>''[[File:Ntjilenge Kalanga traditional group 8.jpg|thumb|366x366px|Vakalanga vachitamba {| | colspan="2" |Kalanga woman in Botswana |- ! colspan="2" |Huwandu |- | colspan="2" |850,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Nzvimbo dzine Huwandu hwakawanda |- ![[Zimbabwe]] |700,000 |- ![[Botswana|Bhotswana]] |150,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Mitauro |- | colspan="2" |[[Kalanga|TjiKalanga]], [[ChiNguni|Mitauro yeNguni]] ([[Ndebele|Chindebele]] - [[Xhosa|Chixhosa]]), [[ChiShona|Mitauro yeShona]] ([[Chikaranga]] - [[Zezuru|Chizezuru]] - [[ChiKorekore|Chikorekore]] - [[Chimanyika]] - [[ChiNdau|Chindau]]) |- ! colspan="2" |Rudaviro |- | colspan="2" |[[Chidaviro cheVakalanga]] ([[Chidaviro cheVashona]] - [[Mwari]]), [[ChiKristu]] |- ! colspan="2" |Madzinza aneHukama huri pedyo |- | colspan="2" |[[Vashona]], [[Vavhenda]], [[Vanambya]], [[Vandebele]] ne[[VaBantu|vamwe Vabantu]] |} {| ! colspan="2" |Zarura Tafura |- |[[Munhu]] |Nkalanga |- |[[Vanhu]] |Bakalanga |- |[[Mutauro]] |Tjikalanga |- |[[Nyika]] |Bukalanga |} ]] '''Vakalanga''' ([[Kalanga|Kal]]: ''Bakalanga'') kana '''Wakalanga''' idunhu re[[Bantu]] rekumaodzanyemba rinonyanya kugara ku[[Matabeleland]] mu[[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwe[[Botswana|Bhotswana]] neRuwa re[[Limpopo]] mu[[South Africa|Chamhembe cheAfurika]]. Ivo vane hukama huripedyo ne[[Vanambya]], [[Varozvi|Valozwi]] (Varozvi), [[Vavenda|Vavhenda]] ne[[Vashona|Vanhu vedzinza rechiShona]], kunyanya [[Vakaranga]] wavanogova zita navo. == Mutauro == Vakalanga vanotaura mutauro unonzi [[Kalanga|Chikalanga]] (Tjikalanga kana Ikalanga mumutauro wavo), uye unonzi [[Kalanga|Ikalanga]] nevekuNortheast Bhotswana. Pamwe chete ne[[Nambya|Chinambya]], aya marudzi anoumba bazi rekumadokero reboka (Gurathrie S.10) iro rinosanganisira zvakare ne[[ChiShona|Chivanhu]] (chishona).<ref name=":0">Kalanga.org, (17 Kukadzi 2020), [https://kalanga.org/language/ 'Mutauro']. ''Kalanga''. Kalanga Language and Cultural Development Association (KLCDA). Yakatariswa: 12 Chikumi 2021</ref>Izvi zvinotaridzika mukufanana kweChikalanga ne[[Chikaranga]] nemimwe mitauro yechiShona. Chikalanga chinogoverana chikamu chinosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana (15%) yeshoko rayo repakati pamwe nemanyorero emitauro echiShona, asi mitauro yacho hainzwisisike (kusiyana kwemabhii). Kuwedzera, Chikalanga chiri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kubva ku[[Tswana|Chitswana]] muBhotswana uye [[Ndebele|Chindebele]] muZimbabwe<ref name=":1">Ndzimu-unami Emmanuel Moyo, (2021), [https://kalanga.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/The-Rebirth-of-Bukalanga-Final-Version-on-Word-for-Internet.pdf 'THE REBIRTH OF BUKALANGA: A Manifesto for the Liberation of a Great People with a Proud History Part I'] ''Chitsauko Chimwe: The Earliest Settlements of Bukalanga South of the Zambezi and the Establishment of the Zimbabwe Civilization.'' Leopard's Kopje. Peji 15-18 (Huffman 1974, 2; Summers 1971, 177, 180). ISBN: 978 0 7974 4968 8 Yakatariswa: 9 Chikunguru 2021</ref> uye kazhinji unokwereta mazwi kubva mumitauro iyoyo.<ref name=":0" /> Izvi ndizvo zvinowedzera masiyaniso echikalanga nechishona. === Chikalanga ne"Chishona" === Mashona neMakalanga vanhu vamwechete, kwete izvozvi asi muchinyakare waive vanhu vamwe. Mitauro yavo yakafanana, ichisiyana zvishoma. == Kopje yeLeopard == ''<small>Tarisai Peji re[[Vashona]] (Vakalanga vakaparadzana muchinyakare) uye [[Kopje yeLeopard]]</small>'' Vanhu ve[[Kopje yaLeopard|Leopard's Kopje Culture]] ndivo vakatanga kupinda Maodzanyemba eAfrica kuchera uye kunhuwa goridhe, mhangura uye simbi, kugadzira kuumba uye kudzidzira kurima kwakavhengana. Iyi tsika yakange yakasimbiswa mudunhu iro nhasi rave kudaidzwa kuti [[Matebeleland|Matabeleland]], [[Midlands Province|Midlands]], uye [[Masvingo Province]] eZimbabwe (kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika); Nyika ye[[Vavhenda|Vhenda]] (kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweiyo [[Limpopo]]); neNorth-kumabvazuva neNorth-Central Dunhu re[[Botswana|Bhotswana]] sezvakaratidzwa mumepu iri papeji rekuvhara. Zvingaita seizvozvo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBani reZimbabwe kwaive kwakanyorovera zvakanyanya kurima, uye nekudaro kugadzirisa, kune vanhu vaivimba zvakanyanya kurima mombe nekurima zvirimwa kuti vararame.<ref name=":1" /> Mutauro tsikwa weKopje yeLeopard yaive [[Chikalanga]]. Nhasi ruzhinji rwevaAfrika vanogara munzvimbo yeKopje yaLeopard inotaura kana [[Ndebele|Chindebele]], Chikalanga kana [[Venda|Chivhenda]], Chindebele ichiva mutauro weboka rechikuru revaNguni, apo Kalanga inosanganisira Chikalanga, Chililima, Chithwamamba, Chinambya, Mitauro yeShona (Chirozvi neChinyai).<ref name=":1" /> Kuwirirana kwekugoverwa kweKopje yaLeopard uye zana remakore rechi19 Kalanga, iyo kuenderera kubva ku[[Bambadyanalo]] kusvika kuma''19th Kalanga ceramics'' uye kudzika kwenguva kweKalanga kunoratidzwa mutsika nemuromo, anodaro, zvinoratidza kuti vanhu veKopje yaLeopard vaive madzitateguru e[[Vakalanga]]<ref name=":1" /> (pamwechete nevanhu vakazvarwa kubva kuVakalanga wacho enzaniso: [[Vavhenda]] uye [[Vashona]] nevamwe). Zvakadaro, kunyagwe paigarwa neVakalanga, hazvireve kuti mutauro waitarwa munguva iyi waive Chikalanga, asi imwe mhando yeChikalanga yaitarwa (mutauro wakazo paradzwa kuita mitauro yakasiyana mumazuvano).<ref name=":1" /> vekutanga vanhu veBantu vanogara mune inonzi Matebeleland, pamwe neNorth-East neNorth-Central Dunhu reBhotswana uye nyika yeVenda yeSouth Africa kubva kumazana emakore ekutanga eNguva yechiKristu, vaive madzitateguru eKalanga, vane vana vavo vachiri18 kugara munzvimbo imwechete nhasi - kunyanya kuzivikanwa mumadzinza matatu - Vakalanga, Banambya naVhavenda. Izvi zviri pachena zvine zvakakomba zvigadziriso zvevaShona vanoti vakambogadziriswa mhiri Matebeleland, uye kuti vaNdebele vakavatorera ivhu. Iyo Kalanga yagara muMatebeleland kwenguva yakareba, zvinongonzwisisika kupedzisa kuti Mashona emazuvano nemaKalanga ekare vaive vanhu vamwe chete vakaparadzana vachienda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvinoratidzika mutsika dzakafanana, nhoroondo, zvivakwa uye nhaka.<ref name=":1" /> === Makalanga ne"Mashona" === Makalanga neVashona vakagara munzvimbo dzimwe uye vaidzidana zvimwe chete, uhwu ndiwo humwe humbowo hwekuti waive vanhu vamwe. ==== Rudaviro ==== * [[Mwari]] ("Chishona") na [[Mwari|Mwali]] (Chikalanga) * [[Mabweadziva|Njerere]] ("Chishona") [[Njerere|Njelele]] (Chikalanga) ==== Nyika ==== * Dzimbadzamabwe kana Zimbarembwe * Domboshava -> Domboshaba * Guruuswa (Chizezuru) ne Gunibuswa (Chikalanga) * Vhukaranga -> Bukalanga ==== Mambo ==== * Changamire -> Tjangamile (Chibundule) ==== Mitupo ==== == Mapungubwe == [[Mapungubwe|Umambo hweMapungubwe]] == Musha weMakalanga == {| class="mw-collapsible" | colspan="4" |'''Marondedzero eMisha dzese''' |- | * Bambadzi * Masukwane * Mulambakwena * Tutume * Maitengwe * Nswazwi * Nshakashongwe * Matenge * Makaleng * Tjizwina * Hulela * Mpatane * Mathangwane * Masunga * Gambule * Sekakangwe * Vhukwi * Zwenshambe * Kalakamati * Sinotsi | * Matobo * Semitwe * Marapong * Sebina * Butale * Ramokgwebana * Mapoka * Tokwana * Masendu * Nhopemano * Makumbi * Mbimba * Tjolotjo * Masingwaneng * Tsamaya * Mosetse * Dagwi * Nkange * Senete * Matjinge | * Gulubane * Themashanga * Ntoli * Nlapkhwane * Gampo * Khame * Kgari * Moroka * Sechele * Letsholathebe * Kalakamati * Goshwe * Madlambudzi * Ndolwane * Masendu * Bhagani * Makhekhe * Bilingoma * Malebegwa | * Sihore * Malalume * Malopa * Bambadzi * Hingwe * Jutjume * Makhulela * Tjehanga * Mbalambi * Lemu * Ngwana * Butshe * Nswazwi * Gutu * Dombodema * Hikwa * Male * Tjompani * Sevaka * mafeha * mabhongani * Mathangwane * Makorokoro * Hhobodo * Tjingababili |} == Mabviro eruzivo == [[Category:Vakalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eZimbabwe|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eBhotswana|Kalanga]] lrdg35k7ysg3n9heuy7osg29lmt2vfj 97756 97755 2022-08-23T04:09:50Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki ''<small>Tarisai futi [[Vakaranga]]</small>''[[File:Ntjilenge Kalanga traditional group 8.jpg|thumb|366x366px|Vakalanga vachitamba {| | colspan="2" |Kalanga woman in Botswana |- ! colspan="2" |Huwandu |- | colspan="2" |850,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Nzvimbo dzine Huwandu hwakawanda |- ![[Zimbabwe]] |700,000 |- ![[Botswana|Bhotswana]] |150,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Mitauro |- | colspan="2" |[[Kalanga|TjiKalanga]], [[ChiNguni|Mitauro yeNguni]] ([[Ndebele|Chindebele]] - [[Xhosa|Chixhosa]]), [[ChiShona|Mitauro yeShona]] ([[Chikaranga]] - [[Zezuru|Chizezuru]] - [[ChiKorekore|Chikorekore]] - [[Chimanyika]] - [[ChiNdau|Chindau]]) |- ! colspan="2" |Rudaviro |- | colspan="2" |[[Chinamato che Vakalanga]] ([[Chidaviro cheVashona]] - [[Mwari]]), [[Ukristu]] |- ! colspan="2" |Madzinza aneHukama huri pedyo |- | colspan="2" |[[Vashona]], [[Vavhenda]], [[Vanambya]], [[Vandebele]] ne[[VaBantu|vamwe Vabantu]] |} {| ! colspan="2" |Zarura Tafura |- |[[Munhu]] |Nkalanga |- |[[Vanhu]] |Bakalanga |- |[[Mutauro]] |Tjikalanga |- |[[Nyika]] |Bukalanga |} ]] '''Vakalanga''' ([[Kalanga|Kal]]: ''Bakalanga'') kana '''Wakalanga''' idunhu re[[Bantu]] rekumaodzanyemba rinonyanya kugara ku[[Matabeleland]] mu[[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwe[[Botswana|Bhotswana]] neRuwa re[[Limpopo]] mu[[South Africa|Chamhembe cheAfurika]]. Ivo vane hukama huripedyo ne[[Vanambya]], [[Varozvi|Valozwi]] (Varozvi), [[Vavenda|Vavhenda]] ne[[Vashona|Vanhu vedzinza rechiShona]], kunyanya [[Vakaranga]] wavanogova zita navo. == Mutauro == Vakalanga vanotaura mutauro unonzi [[Kalanga|Chikalanga]] (Tjikalanga kana Ikalanga mumutauro wavo), uye unonzi [[Kalanga|Ikalanga]] nevekuNortheast Bhotswana. Pamwe chete ne[[Nambya|Chinambya]], aya marudzi anoumba bazi rekumadokero reboka (Gurathrie S.10) iro rinosanganisira zvakare ne[[ChiShona|Chivanhu]] (chishona).<ref name=":0">Kalanga.org, (17 Kukadzi 2020), [https://kalanga.org/language/ 'Mutauro']. ''Kalanga''. Kalanga Language and Cultural Development Association (KLCDA). Yakatariswa: 12 Chikumi 2021</ref>Izvi zvinotaridzika mukufanana kweChikalanga ne[[Chikaranga]] nemimwe mitauro yechiShona. Chikalanga chinogoverana chikamu chinosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana (15%) yeshoko rayo repakati pamwe nemanyorero emitauro echiShona, asi mitauro yacho hainzwisisike (kusiyana kwemabhii). Kuwedzera, Chikalanga chiri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kubva ku[[Tswana|Chitswana]] muBhotswana uye [[Ndebele|Chindebele]] muZimbabwe<ref name=":1">Ndzimu-unami Emmanuel Moyo, (2021), [https://kalanga.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/The-Rebirth-of-Bukalanga-Final-Version-on-Word-for-Internet.pdf 'THE REBIRTH OF BUKALANGA: A Manifesto for the Liberation of a Great People with a Proud History Part I'] ''Chitsauko Chimwe: The Earliest Settlements of Bukalanga South of the Zambezi and the Establishment of the Zimbabwe Civilization.'' Leopard's Kopje. Peji 15-18 (Huffman 1974, 2; Summers 1971, 177, 180). ISBN: 978 0 7974 4968 8 Yakatariswa: 9 Chikunguru 2021</ref> uye kazhinji unokwereta mazwi kubva mumitauro iyoyo.<ref name=":0" /> Izvi ndizvo zvinowedzera masiyaniso echikalanga nechishona. === Chikalanga ne"Chishona" === Mashona neMakalanga vanhu vamwechete, kwete izvozvi asi muchinyakare waive vanhu vamwe. Mitauro yavo yakafanana, ichisiyana zvishoma. == Kopje yeLeopard == ''<small>Tarisai Peji re[[Vashona]] (Vakalanga vakaparadzana muchinyakare) uye [[Kopje yeLeopard]]</small>'' Vanhu ve[[Kopje yaLeopard|Leopard's Kopje Culture]] ndivo vakatanga kupinda Maodzanyemba eAfrica kuchera uye kunhuwa goridhe, mhangura uye simbi, kugadzira kuumba uye kudzidzira kurima kwakavhengana. Iyi tsika yakange yakasimbiswa mudunhu iro nhasi rave kudaidzwa kuti [[Matebeleland|Matabeleland]], [[Midlands Province|Midlands]], uye [[Masvingo Province]] eZimbabwe (kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika); Nyika ye[[Vavhenda|Vhenda]] (kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweiyo [[Limpopo]]); neNorth-kumabvazuva neNorth-Central Dunhu re[[Botswana|Bhotswana]] sezvakaratidzwa mumepu iri papeji rekuvhara. Zvingaita seizvozvo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBani reZimbabwe kwaive kwakanyorovera zvakanyanya kurima, uye nekudaro kugadzirisa, kune vanhu vaivimba zvakanyanya kurima mombe nekurima zvirimwa kuti vararame.<ref name=":1" /> Mutauro tsikwa weKopje yeLeopard yaive [[Chikalanga]]. Nhasi ruzhinji rwevaAfrika vanogara munzvimbo yeKopje yaLeopard inotaura kana [[Ndebele|Chindebele]], Chikalanga kana [[Venda|Chivhenda]], Chindebele ichiva mutauro weboka rechikuru revaNguni, apo Kalanga inosanganisira Chikalanga, Chililima, Chithwamamba, Chinambya, Mitauro yeShona (Chirozvi neChinyai).<ref name=":1" /> Kuwirirana kwekugoverwa kweKopje yaLeopard uye zana remakore rechi19 Kalanga, iyo kuenderera kubva ku[[Bambadyanalo]] kusvika kuma''19th Kalanga ceramics'' uye kudzika kwenguva kweKalanga kunoratidzwa mutsika nemuromo, anodaro, zvinoratidza kuti vanhu veKopje yaLeopard vaive madzitateguru e[[Vakalanga]]<ref name=":1" /> (pamwechete nevanhu vakazvarwa kubva kuVakalanga wacho enzaniso: [[Vavhenda]] uye [[Vashona]] nevamwe). Zvakadaro, kunyagwe paigarwa neVakalanga, hazvireve kuti mutauro waitarwa munguva iyi waive Chikalanga, asi imwe mhando yeChikalanga yaitarwa (mutauro wakazo paradzwa kuita mitauro yakasiyana mumazuvano).<ref name=":1" /> vekutanga vanhu veBantu vanogara mune inonzi Matebeleland, pamwe neNorth-East neNorth-Central Dunhu reBhotswana uye nyika yeVenda yeSouth Africa kubva kumazana emakore ekutanga eNguva yechiKristu, vaive madzitateguru eKalanga, vane vana vavo vachiri18 kugara munzvimbo imwechete nhasi - kunyanya kuzivikanwa mumadzinza matatu - Vakalanga, Banambya naVhavenda. Izvi zviri pachena zvine zvakakomba zvigadziriso zvevaShona vanoti vakambogadziriswa mhiri Matebeleland, uye kuti vaNdebele vakavatorera ivhu. Iyo Kalanga yagara muMatebeleland kwenguva yakareba, zvinongonzwisisika kupedzisa kuti Mashona emazuvano nemaKalanga ekare vaive vanhu vamwe chete vakaparadzana vachienda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvinoratidzika mutsika dzakafanana, nhoroondo, zvivakwa uye nhaka.<ref name=":1" /> === Makalanga ne"Mashona" === Makalanga neVashona vakagara munzvimbo dzimwe uye vaidzidana zvimwe chete, uhwu ndiwo humwe humbowo hwekuti waive vanhu vamwe. ==== Rudaviro ==== * [[Mwari]] ("Chishona") na [[Mwari|Mwali]] (Chikalanga) * [[Mabweadziva|Njerere]] ("Chishona") [[Njerere|Njelele]] (Chikalanga) ==== Nyika ==== * Dzimbadzamabwe kana Zimbarembwe * Domboshava -> Domboshaba * Guruuswa (Chizezuru) ne Gunibuswa (Chikalanga) * Vhukaranga -> Bukalanga ==== Mambo ==== * Changamire -> Tjangamile (Chibundule) ==== Mitupo ==== == Mapungubwe == [[Mapungubwe|Umambo hweMapungubwe]] == Musha weMakalanga == {| class="mw-collapsible" | colspan="4" |'''Marondedzero eMisha dzese''' |- | * Bambadzi * Masukwane * Mulambakwena * Tutume * Maitengwe * Nswazwi * Nshakashongwe * Matenge * Makaleng * Tjizwina * Hulela * Mpatane * Mathangwane * Masunga * Gambule * Sekakangwe * Vhukwi * Zwenshambe * Kalakamati * Sinotsi | * Matobo * Semitwe * Marapong * Sebina * Butale * Ramokgwebana * Mapoka * Tokwana * Masendu * Nhopemano * Makumbi * Mbimba * Tjolotjo * Masingwaneng * Tsamaya * Mosetse * Dagwi * Nkange * Senete * Matjinge | * Gulubane * Themashanga * Ntoli * Nlapkhwane * Gampo * Khame * Kgari * Moroka * Sechele * Letsholathebe * Kalakamati * Goshwe * Madlambudzi * Ndolwane * Masendu * Bhagani * Makhekhe * Bilingoma * Malebegwa | * Sihore * Malalume * Malopa * Bambadzi * Hingwe * Jutjume * Makhulela * Tjehanga * Mbalambi * Lemu * Ngwana * Butshe * Nswazwi * Gutu * Dombodema * Hikwa * Male * Tjompani * Sevaka * mafeha * mabhongani * Mathangwane * Makorokoro * Hhobodo * Tjingababili |} == Mabviro eruzivo == [[Category:Vakalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eZimbabwe|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eBhotswana|Kalanga]] cvt3damo8sgmd2odonnijlr3we5m0zn 97757 97756 2022-08-23T04:10:53Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki ''<small>Tarisai futi [[Vakaranga]]</small>''[[File:Ntjilenge Kalanga traditional group 8.jpg|thumb|366x366px|Vakalanga vachitamba {| | colspan="2" |Kalanga woman in Botswana |- ! colspan="2" |Huwandu |- | colspan="2" |850,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Nzvimbo dzine Huwandu hwakawanda |- ![[Zimbabwe]] |700,000 |- ![[Botswana|Bhotswana]] |150,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Mitauro |- | colspan="2" |[[Kalanga|TjiKalanga]], [[ChiNguni|Mitauro yeNguni]] ([[Ndebele|Chindebele]] - [[Xhosa|Chixhosa]]), [[ChiShona|Mitauro yeShona]] ([[Chikaranga]] - [[Zezuru|Chizezuru]] - [[ChiKorekore|Chikorekore]] - [[Chimanyika]] - [[ChiNdau|Chindau]]) |- ! colspan="2" |Rudaviro |- | colspan="2" |[[Chinamato che Vakalanga]] ([[Chidaviro cheVashona]] - [[Mwari]]), [[Ukristu]] |- ! colspan="2" |Madzinza aneHukama huri pedyo |- | colspan="2" |[[Vashona]], [[Vavhenda]], [[Vanambya]], [[Vandevere]] ne[[Vabantu|vamwe Vabantu]] |} {| ! colspan="2" |Zarura Tafura |- |[[Munhu]] |Nkalanga |- |[[Vanhu]] |Bakalanga |- |[[Mutauro]] |Tjikalanga |- |[[Nyika]] |Bukalanga |} ]] '''Vakalanga''' ([[Kalanga|Kal]]: ''Bakalanga'') kana '''Wakalanga''' idunhu re[[Bantu]] rekumaodzanyemba rinonyanya kugara ku[[Matabeleland]] mu[[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwe[[Botswana|Bhotswana]] neRuwa re[[Limpopo]] mu[[South Africa|Chamhembe cheAfurika]]. Ivo vane hukama huripedyo ne[[Vanambya]], [[Varozvi]], [[Vavhenda]] ne[[Vashona|Vanhu vedzinza rechiShona]], kunyanya [[Vakaranga]] wavanogova zita navo. == Mutauro == Vakalanga vanotaura mutauro unonzi [[Kalanga|Chikalanga]] (Tjikalanga kana Ikalanga mumutauro wavo), uye unonzi [[Kalanga|Ikalanga]] nevekuNortheast Bhotswana. Pamwe chete ne[[Nambya|Chinambya]], aya marudzi anoumba bazi rekumadokero reboka (Gurathrie S.10) iro rinosanganisira zvakare ne[[ChiShona|Chivanhu]] (chishona).<ref name=":0">Kalanga.org, (17 Kukadzi 2020), [https://kalanga.org/language/ 'Mutauro']. ''Kalanga''. Kalanga Language and Cultural Development Association (KLCDA). Yakatariswa: 12 Chikumi 2021</ref>Izvi zvinotaridzika mukufanana kweChikalanga ne[[Chikaranga]] nemimwe mitauro yechiShona. Chikalanga chinogoverana chikamu chinosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana (15%) yeshoko rayo repakati pamwe nemanyorero emitauro echiShona, asi mitauro yacho hainzwisisike (kusiyana kwemabhii). Kuwedzera, Chikalanga chiri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kubva ku[[Tswana|Chitswana]] muBhotswana uye [[Ndebele|Chindebele]] muZimbabwe<ref name=":1">Ndzimu-unami Emmanuel Moyo, (2021), [https://kalanga.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/The-Rebirth-of-Bukalanga-Final-Version-on-Word-for-Internet.pdf 'THE REBIRTH OF BUKALANGA: A Manifesto for the Liberation of a Great People with a Proud History Part I'] ''Chitsauko Chimwe: The Earliest Settlements of Bukalanga South of the Zambezi and the Establishment of the Zimbabwe Civilization.'' Leopard's Kopje. Peji 15-18 (Huffman 1974, 2; Summers 1971, 177, 180). ISBN: 978 0 7974 4968 8 Yakatariswa: 9 Chikunguru 2021</ref> uye kazhinji unokwereta mazwi kubva mumitauro iyoyo.<ref name=":0" /> Izvi ndizvo zvinowedzera masiyaniso echikalanga nechishona. === Chikalanga ne"Chishona" === Mashona neMakalanga vanhu vamwechete, kwete izvozvi asi muchinyakare waive vanhu vamwe. Mitauro yavo yakafanana, ichisiyana zvishoma. == Kopje yeLeopard == ''<small>Tarisai Peji re[[Vashona]] (Vakalanga vakaparadzana muchinyakare) uye [[Kopje yeLeopard]]</small>'' Vanhu ve[[Kopje yaLeopard|Leopard's Kopje Culture]] ndivo vakatanga kupinda Maodzanyemba eAfrica kuchera uye kunhuwa goridhe, mhangura uye simbi, kugadzira kuumba uye kudzidzira kurima kwakavhengana. Iyi tsika yakange yakasimbiswa mudunhu iro nhasi rave kudaidzwa kuti [[Matebeleland|Matabeleland]], [[Midlands Province|Midlands]], uye [[Masvingo Province]] eZimbabwe (kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika); Nyika ye[[Vavhenda|Vhenda]] (kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweiyo [[Limpopo]]); neNorth-kumabvazuva neNorth-Central Dunhu re[[Botswana|Bhotswana]] sezvakaratidzwa mumepu iri papeji rekuvhara. Zvingaita seizvozvo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBani reZimbabwe kwaive kwakanyorovera zvakanyanya kurima, uye nekudaro kugadzirisa, kune vanhu vaivimba zvakanyanya kurima mombe nekurima zvirimwa kuti vararame.<ref name=":1" /> Mutauro tsikwa weKopje yeLeopard yaive [[Chikalanga]]. Nhasi ruzhinji rwevaAfrika vanogara munzvimbo yeKopje yaLeopard inotaura kana [[Ndebele|Chindebele]], Chikalanga kana [[Venda|Chivhenda]], Chindebele ichiva mutauro weboka rechikuru revaNguni, apo Kalanga inosanganisira Chikalanga, Chililima, Chithwamamba, Chinambya, Mitauro yeShona (Chirozvi neChinyai).<ref name=":1" /> Kuwirirana kwekugoverwa kweKopje yaLeopard uye zana remakore rechi19 Kalanga, iyo kuenderera kubva ku[[Bambadyanalo]] kusvika kuma''19th Kalanga ceramics'' uye kudzika kwenguva kweKalanga kunoratidzwa mutsika nemuromo, anodaro, zvinoratidza kuti vanhu veKopje yaLeopard vaive madzitateguru e[[Vakalanga]]<ref name=":1" /> (pamwechete nevanhu vakazvarwa kubva kuVakalanga wacho enzaniso: [[Vavhenda]] uye [[Vashona]] nevamwe). Zvakadaro, kunyagwe paigarwa neVakalanga, hazvireve kuti mutauro waitarwa munguva iyi waive Chikalanga, asi imwe mhando yeChikalanga yaitarwa (mutauro wakazo paradzwa kuita mitauro yakasiyana mumazuvano).<ref name=":1" /> vekutanga vanhu veBantu vanogara mune inonzi Matebeleland, pamwe neNorth-East neNorth-Central Dunhu reBhotswana uye nyika yeVenda yeSouth Africa kubva kumazana emakore ekutanga eNguva yechiKristu, vaive madzitateguru eKalanga, vane vana vavo vachiri18 kugara munzvimbo imwechete nhasi - kunyanya kuzivikanwa mumadzinza matatu - Vakalanga, Banambya naVhavenda. Izvi zviri pachena zvine zvakakomba zvigadziriso zvevaShona vanoti vakambogadziriswa mhiri Matebeleland, uye kuti vaNdebele vakavatorera ivhu. Iyo Kalanga yagara muMatebeleland kwenguva yakareba, zvinongonzwisisika kupedzisa kuti Mashona emazuvano nemaKalanga ekare vaive vanhu vamwe chete vakaparadzana vachienda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvinoratidzika mutsika dzakafanana, nhoroondo, zvivakwa uye nhaka.<ref name=":1" /> === Makalanga ne"Mashona" === Makalanga neVashona vakagara munzvimbo dzimwe uye vaidzidana zvimwe chete, uhwu ndiwo humwe humbowo hwekuti waive vanhu vamwe. ==== Rudaviro ==== * [[Mwari]] ("Chishona") na [[Mwari|Mwali]] (Chikalanga) * [[Mabweadziva|Njerere]] ("Chishona") [[Njerere|Njelele]] (Chikalanga) ==== Nyika ==== * Dzimbadzamabwe kana Zimbarembwe * Domboshava -> Domboshaba * Guruuswa (Chizezuru) ne Gunibuswa (Chikalanga) * Vhukaranga -> Bukalanga ==== Mambo ==== * Changamire -> Tjangamile (Chibundule) ==== Mitupo ==== == Mapungubwe == [[Mapungubwe|Umambo hweMapungubwe]] == Musha weMakalanga == {| class="mw-collapsible" | colspan="4" |'''Marondedzero eMisha dzese''' |- | * Bambadzi * Masukwane * Mulambakwena * Tutume * Maitengwe * Nswazwi * Nshakashongwe * Matenge * Makaleng * Tjizwina * Hulela * Mpatane * Mathangwane * Masunga * Gambule * Sekakangwe * Vhukwi * Zwenshambe * Kalakamati * Sinotsi | * Matobo * Semitwe * Marapong * Sebina * Butale * Ramokgwebana * Mapoka * Tokwana * Masendu * Nhopemano * Makumbi * Mbimba * Tjolotjo * Masingwaneng * Tsamaya * Mosetse * Dagwi * Nkange * Senete * Matjinge | * Gulubane * Themashanga * Ntoli * Nlapkhwane * Gampo * Khame * Kgari * Moroka * Sechele * Letsholathebe * Kalakamati * Goshwe * Madlambudzi * Ndolwane * Masendu * Bhagani * Makhekhe * Bilingoma * Malebegwa | * Sihore * Malalume * Malopa * Bambadzi * Hingwe * Jutjume * Makhulela * Tjehanga * Mbalambi * Lemu * Ngwana * Butshe * Nswazwi * Gutu * Dombodema * Hikwa * Male * Tjompani * Sevaka * mafeha * mabhongani * Mathangwane * Makorokoro * Hhobodo * Tjingababili |} == Mabviro eruzivo == [[Category:Vakalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eZimbabwe|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eBhotswana|Kalanga]] puh8rrf28zd8gcfmdeb3fq3rjfphx0o 97758 97757 2022-08-23T04:15:14Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki ''<small>Tarisai futi [[Vakaranga]]</small>''[[File:Ntjilenge Kalanga traditional group 8.jpg|thumb|366x366px|Vakalanga vachitamba {| | colspan="2" |Kalanga woman in Botswana |- ! colspan="2" |Huwandu |- | colspan="2" |850,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Nzvimbo dzine Huwandu hwakawanda |- ![[Zimbabwe]] |700,000 |- ![[Botswana|Vutswana]] |150,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Mitauro |- | colspan="2" |[[Kalanga|TjiKalanga]], [[ChiNguni|Mitauro yeNguni]] ([[Ndebele|Chindebele]] - [[Xhosa|Chixhosa]]), [[ChiShona|Mitauro yeShona]] ([[Chikaranga]] - [[Zezuru|Chizezuru]] - [[ChiKorekore|Chikorekore]] - [[Chimanyika]] - [[ChiNdau|Chindau]]) |- ! colspan="2" |Rudaviro |- | colspan="2" |[[Chinamato che Vakalanga]] ([[Chidaviro cheVashona]] - [[Mwari]]), [[Ukristu]] |- ! colspan="2" |Madzinza aneHukama huri pedyo |- | colspan="2" |[[Vashona]], [[Vavhenda]], [[Vanambya]], [[Vandevere]] ne[[Vabantu|vamwe Vabantu]] |} {| ! colspan="2" |Zarura Tafura |- |[[Munhu]] |Nkalanga |- |[[Vanhu]] |Bakalanga |- |[[Mutauro]] |Tjikalanga |- |[[Nyika]] |Bukalanga |} ]] '''Vakalanga''' ([[Kalanga|Kal]]: ''Bakalanga'') kana '''Wakalanga''' idunhu re[[Bantu]] rekumaodzanyemba rinonyanya kugara ku[[Matabeleland]] mu[[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwe[[Botswana|Bhotswana]] neRuwa re[[Limpopo]] mu[[South Africa|Chamhembe cheAfurika]]. Ivo vane hukama huripedyo ne[[Vanambya]], [[Varozvi]], [[Vavhenda]] ne[[Vashona|Vanhu vedzinza rechiShona]], kunyanya [[Vakaranga]] wavanogova zita navo. == Mutauro == Vakalanga vanotaura mutauro unonzi [[Kalanga|Chikalanga]] (Tjikalanga kana Ikalanga mumutauro wavo), uye unonzi [[Kalanga|Ikalanga]] nevekuNortheast Vutswana. Pamwe chete ne[[Nambya|Chinambya]], aya marudzi anoumba bazi rekumadokero reboka (Gurathrie S.10) iro rinosanganisira zvakare ne[[ChiShona|Chivanhu]] (chishona).<ref name=":0">Kalanga.org, (17 Kukadzi 2020), [https://kalanga.org/language/ 'Mutauro']. ''Kalanga''. Kalanga Language and Cultural Development Association (KLCDA). Yakatariswa: 12 Chikumi 2021</ref>Izvi zvinotaridzika mukufanana kweChikalanga ne[[Chikaranga]] nemimwe mitauro yechiShona. Chikalanga chinogoverana chikamu chinosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana (15%) yeshoko rayo repakati pamwe nemanyorero emitauro echiShona, asi mitauro yacho hainzwisisike (kusiyana kwemabhii). Kuwedzera, Chikalanga chiri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kubva ku[[Tswana|Chitswana]] muVutswana uye [[Ndebele|Chindevere]] muZimbabwe<ref name=":1">Ndzimu-unami Emmanuel Moyo, (2021), [https://kalanga.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/The-Rebirth-of-Bukalanga-Final-Version-on-Word-for-Internet.pdf 'THE REBIRTH OF BUKALANGA: A Manifesto for the Liberation of a Great People with a Proud History Part I'] ''Chitsauko Chimwe: The Earliest Settlements of Bukalanga South of the Zambezi and the Establishment of the Zimbabwe Civilization.'' Leopard's Kopje. Peji 15-18 (Huffman 1974, 2; Summers 1971, 177, 180). ISBN: 978 0 7974 4968 8 Yakatariswa: 9 Chikunguru 2021</ref> uye kazhinji unokwereta mazwi kubva mumitauro iyoyo.<ref name=":0" /> Izvi ndizvo zvinowedzera masiyaniso echikalanga nechishona. === Chikalanga ne"Chishona" === Mashona neMakalanga vanhu vamwechete, kwete izvozvi asi muchinyakare waive vanhu vamwe. Mitauro yavo yakafanana, ichisiyana zvishoma. == Kopje yeLeopard == ''<small>Tarisai Peji re[[Vashona]] (Vakalanga vakaparadzana muchinyakare) uye [[Kopje yeLeopard]]</small>'' Vanhu ve[[Kopje yaLeopard|Leopard's Kopje Culture]] ndivo vakatanga kupinda Maodzanyemba eAfurika kuchera uye kunhuwa goridhe, mhangura uye simbi, kugadzira kuumba uye kudzidzira kurima kwakavhengana. Iyi tsika yakange yakasimbiswa mudunhu iro nhasi rave kudaidzwa kuti [[Matebeleland|Matabeleland]], [[Midlands Province|Midlands]], uye [[Masvingo Province]] eZimbabwe (kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika); Nyika ye [[Vavhenda|Vhenda]] (kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweiyo [[Limpopo]]); neDunhu re Maodzanyembaemabvazuva ne Maodzanyembaeupakati re[[Botswana|Vutswana]] sezvakaratidzwa mumepu iri papeji rekuvhara. Zvingaita seizvozvo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBani reZimbabwe kwaive kwakanyorovera zvakanyanya kurima, uye nekudaro kugadzirisa, kune vanhu vaivimba zvakanyanya kurima mombe nekurima zvirimwa kuti vararame.<ref name=":1" /> Mutauro tsikwa weKopje yeLeopard yaive [[Chikalanga]]. Nhasi ruzhinji rwevaAfrika vanogara munzvimbo yeKopje yaLeopard inotaura kana [[Ndebele|Chindebele]], Chikalanga kana [[Venda|Chivhenda]], Chindebele ichiva mutauro weboka rechikuru revaNguni, apo Kalanga inosanganisira Chikalanga, Chililima, Chithwamamba, Chinambya, Mitauro yeShona (Chirozvi neChinyai).<ref name=":1" /> Kuwirirana kwekugoverwa kweKopje yaLeopard uye zana remakore rechi19 Kalanga, iyo kuenderera kubva ku[[Vambadyanalo]] kusvika kuma''19th Kalanga ceramics'' uye kudzika kwenguva kweKalanga kunoratidzwa mutsika nemuromo, anodaro, zvinoratidza kuti vanhu veKopje yaLeopard vaive madzitateguru e[[Vakalanga]]<ref name=":1" /> (pamwechete nevanhu vakazvarwa kubva kuVakalanga wacho enzaniso: [[Vavhenda]] uye [[Vashona]] nevamwe). Zvakadaro, kunyagwe paigarwa neVakalanga, hazvireve kuti mutauro waitarwa munguva iyi waive Chikalanga, asi imwe mhando yeChikalanga yaitarwa (mutauro wakazo paradzwa kuita mitauro yakasiyana mumazuvano).<ref name=":1" /> vekutanga vanhu veBantu vanogara mune inonzi Matebeleland, pamwe ne Dunhu reku Maodzanyembaemabvazuva ne Mabvazuvaeupakati re Vutswana uye nyika ye Vhenda ye Afurika Chamhembe kubva kumazana emakore ekutanga eNguva yechiKristu, vaive madzitateguru eKalanga, vane vana vavo vachiri18 kugara munzvimbo imwechete nhasi - kunyanya kuzivikanwa mumadzinza matatu - Vakalanga, Vanambya ne Vavhenda. Izvi zviri pachena zvine zvakakomba zvigadziriso zvevaShona vanoti vakambogadziriswa mhiri Matebeleland, uye kuti vaNdebele vakavatorera ivhu. Iyo Kalanga yagara muMatebeleland kwenguva yakareba, zvinongonzwisisika kupedzisa kuti Mashona emazuvano nemaKalanga ekare vaive vanhu vamwe chete vakaparadzana vachienda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvinoratidzika mutsika dzakafanana, nhoroondo, zvivakwa uye nhaka.<ref name=":1" /> === Makalanga ne"Mashona" === Makalanga neVashona vakagara munzvimbo dzimwe uye vaidzidana zvimwe chete, uhwu ndiwo humwe humbowo hwekuti waive vanhu vamwe. ==== Rudaviro ==== * [[Mwari]] ("Chishona") na [[Mwari|Mwali]] (Chikalanga) * [[Mabweadziva|Njerere]] ("Chishona") [[Njerere|Njelele]] (Chikalanga) ==== Nyika ==== * Dzimbadzamabwe kana Zimbarembwe * Domboshava -> Domboshaba * Guruuswa (Chizezuru) ne Gunibuswa (Chikalanga) * Vhukaranga -> Bukalanga ==== Mambo ==== * Changamire -> Tjangamile (Chibundule) ==== Mitupo ==== == Mapungubwe == [[Mapungubwe|Umambo hweMapungubwe]] == Musha weMakalanga == {| class="mw-collapsible" | colspan="4" |'''Marondedzero eMisha dzese''' |- | * Bambadzi * Masukwane * Mulambakwena * Tutume * Maitengwe * Nswazwi * Nshakashongwe * Matenge * Makaleng * Tjizwina * Hulela * Mpatane * Mathangwane * Masunga * Gambule * Sekakangwe * Vhukwi * Zwenshambe * Kalakamati * Sinotsi | * Matobo * Semitwe * Marapong * Sebina * Butale * Ramokgwebana * Mapoka * Tokwana * Masendu * Nhopemano * Makumbi * Mbimba * Tjolotjo * Masingwaneng * Tsamaya * Mosetse * Dagwi * Nkange * Senete * Matjinge | * Gulubane * Themashanga * Ntoli * Nlapkhwane * Gampo * Khame * Kgari * Moroka * Sechele * Letsholathebe * Kalakamati * Goshwe * Madlambudzi * Ndolwane * Masendu * Bhagani * Makhekhe * Bilingoma * Malebegwa | * Sihore * Malalume * Malopa * Bambadzi * Hingwe * Jutjume * Makhulela * Tjehanga * Mbalambi * Lemu * Ngwana * Butshe * Nswazwi * Gutu * Dombodema * Hikwa * Male * Tjompani * Sevaka * mafeha * mabhongani * Mathangwane * Makorokoro * Hhobodo * Tjingababili |} == Mabviro eruzivo == [[Category:Vakalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eZimbabwe|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eBhotswana|Kalanga]] 44rcwf27q9z4tgighr0vyefpy1ik4l1 97759 97758 2022-08-23T04:15:28Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki ''<small>Tarisai futi [[Vakaranga]]</small>''[[File:Ntjilenge Kalanga traditional group 8.jpg|thumb|366x366px|Vakalanga vachitamba {| | colspan="2" |Kalanga woman in Botswana |- ! colspan="2" |Huwandu |- | colspan="2" |850,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Nzvimbo dzine Huwandu hwakawanda |- ![[Zimbabwe]] |700,000 |- ![[Botswana|Vutswana]] |150,000 |- ! colspan="2" |Mitauro |- | colspan="2" |[[Kalanga|TjiKalanga]], [[ChiNguni|Mitauro yeNguni]] ([[Ndebele|Chindebele]] - [[Xhosa|Chixhosa]]), [[ChiShona|Mitauro yeShona]] ([[Chikaranga]] - [[Zezuru|Chizezuru]] - [[ChiKorekore|Chikorekore]] - [[Chimanyika]] - [[ChiNdau|Chindau]]) |- ! colspan="2" |Rudaviro |- | colspan="2" |[[Chinamato che Vakalanga]] ([[Chidaviro cheVashona]] - [[Mwari]]), [[Ukristu]] |- ! colspan="2" |Madzinza aneHukama huri pedyo |- | colspan="2" |[[Vashona]], [[Vavhenda]], [[Vanambya]], [[Vandevere]] ne[[Vabantu|vamwe Vabantu]] |} {| ! colspan="2" |Zarura Tafura |- |[[Munhu]] |Nkalanga |- |[[Vanhu]] |Bakalanga |- |[[Mutauro]] |Tjikalanga |- |[[Nyika]] |Bukalanga |} ]] '''Vakalanga''' ([[Kalanga|Kal]]: ''Bakalanga'') kana '''Wakalanga''' idunhu re[[Bantu]] rekumaodzanyemba rinonyanya kugara ku[[Matabeleland]] mu[[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe,]] kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwe[[Botswana|Vutswana]] neRuwa re[[Limpopo]] mu[[South Africa|Chamhembe cheAfurika]]. Ivo vane hukama huripedyo ne[[Vanambya]], [[Varozvi]], [[Vavhenda]] ne[[Vashona|Vanhu vedzinza rechiShona]], kunyanya [[Vakaranga]] wavanogova zita navo. == Mutauro == Vakalanga vanotaura mutauro unonzi [[Kalanga|Chikalanga]] (Tjikalanga kana Ikalanga mumutauro wavo), uye unonzi [[Kalanga|Ikalanga]] nevekuNortheast Vutswana. Pamwe chete ne[[Nambya|Chinambya]], aya marudzi anoumba bazi rekumadokero reboka (Gurathrie S.10) iro rinosanganisira zvakare ne[[ChiShona|Chivanhu]] (chishona).<ref name=":0">Kalanga.org, (17 Kukadzi 2020), [https://kalanga.org/language/ 'Mutauro']. ''Kalanga''. Kalanga Language and Cultural Development Association (KLCDA). Yakatariswa: 12 Chikumi 2021</ref>Izvi zvinotaridzika mukufanana kweChikalanga ne[[Chikaranga]] nemimwe mitauro yechiShona. Chikalanga chinogoverana chikamu chinosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana (15%) yeshoko rayo repakati pamwe nemanyorero emitauro echiShona, asi mitauro yacho hainzwisisike (kusiyana kwemabhii). Kuwedzera, Chikalanga chiri pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kubva ku[[Tswana|Chitswana]] muVutswana uye [[Ndebele|Chindevere]] muZimbabwe<ref name=":1">Ndzimu-unami Emmanuel Moyo, (2021), [https://kalanga.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/The-Rebirth-of-Bukalanga-Final-Version-on-Word-for-Internet.pdf 'THE REBIRTH OF BUKALANGA: A Manifesto for the Liberation of a Great People with a Proud History Part I'] ''Chitsauko Chimwe: The Earliest Settlements of Bukalanga South of the Zambezi and the Establishment of the Zimbabwe Civilization.'' Leopard's Kopje. Peji 15-18 (Huffman 1974, 2; Summers 1971, 177, 180). ISBN: 978 0 7974 4968 8 Yakatariswa: 9 Chikunguru 2021</ref> uye kazhinji unokwereta mazwi kubva mumitauro iyoyo.<ref name=":0" /> Izvi ndizvo zvinowedzera masiyaniso echikalanga nechishona. === Chikalanga ne"Chishona" === Mashona neMakalanga vanhu vamwechete, kwete izvozvi asi muchinyakare waive vanhu vamwe. Mitauro yavo yakafanana, ichisiyana zvishoma. == Kopje yeLeopard == ''<small>Tarisai Peji re[[Vashona]] (Vakalanga vakaparadzana muchinyakare) uye [[Kopje yeLeopard]]</small>'' Vanhu ve[[Kopje yaLeopard|Leopard's Kopje Culture]] ndivo vakatanga kupinda Maodzanyemba eAfurika kuchera uye kunhuwa goridhe, mhangura uye simbi, kugadzira kuumba uye kudzidzira kurima kwakavhengana. Iyi tsika yakange yakasimbiswa mudunhu iro nhasi rave kudaidzwa kuti [[Matebeleland|Matabeleland]], [[Midlands Province|Midlands]], uye [[Masvingo Province]] eZimbabwe (kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika); Nyika ye [[Vavhenda|Vhenda]] (kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweiyo [[Limpopo]]); neDunhu re Maodzanyembaemabvazuva ne Maodzanyembaeupakati re[[Botswana|Vutswana]] sezvakaratidzwa mumepu iri papeji rekuvhara. Zvingaita seizvozvo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBani reZimbabwe kwaive kwakanyorovera zvakanyanya kurima, uye nekudaro kugadzirisa, kune vanhu vaivimba zvakanyanya kurima mombe nekurima zvirimwa kuti vararame.<ref name=":1" /> Mutauro tsikwa weKopje yeLeopard yaive [[Chikalanga]]. Nhasi ruzhinji rwevaAfrika vanogara munzvimbo yeKopje yaLeopard inotaura kana [[Ndebele|Chindebele]], Chikalanga kana [[Venda|Chivhenda]], Chindebele ichiva mutauro weboka rechikuru revaNguni, apo Kalanga inosanganisira Chikalanga, Chililima, Chithwamamba, Chinambya, Mitauro yeShona (Chirozvi neChinyai).<ref name=":1" /> Kuwirirana kwekugoverwa kweKopje yaLeopard uye zana remakore rechi19 Kalanga, iyo kuenderera kubva ku[[Vambadyanalo]] kusvika kuma''19th Kalanga ceramics'' uye kudzika kwenguva kweKalanga kunoratidzwa mutsika nemuromo, anodaro, zvinoratidza kuti vanhu veKopje yaLeopard vaive madzitateguru e[[Vakalanga]]<ref name=":1" /> (pamwechete nevanhu vakazvarwa kubva kuVakalanga wacho enzaniso: [[Vavhenda]] uye [[Vashona]] nevamwe). Zvakadaro, kunyagwe paigarwa neVakalanga, hazvireve kuti mutauro waitarwa munguva iyi waive Chikalanga, asi imwe mhando yeChikalanga yaitarwa (mutauro wakazo paradzwa kuita mitauro yakasiyana mumazuvano).<ref name=":1" /> vekutanga vanhu veBantu vanogara mune inonzi Matebeleland, pamwe ne Dunhu reku Maodzanyembaemabvazuva ne Mabvazuvaeupakati re Vutswana uye nyika ye Vhenda ye Afurika Chamhembe kubva kumazana emakore ekutanga eNguva yechiKristu, vaive madzitateguru eKalanga, vane vana vavo vachiri18 kugara munzvimbo imwechete nhasi - kunyanya kuzivikanwa mumadzinza matatu - Vakalanga, Vanambya ne Vavhenda. Izvi zviri pachena zvine zvakakomba zvigadziriso zvevaShona vanoti vakambogadziriswa mhiri Matebeleland, uye kuti vaNdebele vakavatorera ivhu. Iyo Kalanga yagara muMatebeleland kwenguva yakareba, zvinongonzwisisika kupedzisa kuti Mashona emazuvano nemaKalanga ekare vaive vanhu vamwe chete vakaparadzana vachienda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Zvinoratidzika mutsika dzakafanana, nhoroondo, zvivakwa uye nhaka.<ref name=":1" /> === Makalanga ne"Mashona" === Makalanga neVashona vakagara munzvimbo dzimwe uye vaidzidana zvimwe chete, uhwu ndiwo humwe humbowo hwekuti waive vanhu vamwe. ==== Rudaviro ==== * [[Mwari]] ("Chishona") na [[Mwari|Mwali]] (Chikalanga) * [[Mabweadziva|Njerere]] ("Chishona") [[Njerere|Njelele]] (Chikalanga) ==== Nyika ==== * Dzimbadzamabwe kana Zimbarembwe * Domboshava -> Domboshaba * Guruuswa (Chizezuru) ne Gunibuswa (Chikalanga) * Vhukaranga -> Bukalanga ==== Mambo ==== * Changamire -> Tjangamile (Chibundule) ==== Mitupo ==== == Mapungubwe == [[Mapungubwe|Umambo hweMapungubwe]] == Musha weMakalanga == {| class="mw-collapsible" | colspan="4" |'''Marondedzero eMisha dzese''' |- | * Bambadzi * Masukwane * Mulambakwena * Tutume * Maitengwe * Nswazwi * Nshakashongwe * Matenge * Makaleng * Tjizwina * Hulela * Mpatane * Mathangwane * Masunga * Gambule * Sekakangwe * Vhukwi * Zwenshambe * Kalakamati * Sinotsi | * Matobo * Semitwe * Marapong * Sebina * Butale * Ramokgwebana * Mapoka * Tokwana * Masendu * Nhopemano * Makumbi * Mbimba * Tjolotjo * Masingwaneng * Tsamaya * Mosetse * Dagwi * Nkange * Senete * Matjinge | * Gulubane * Themashanga * Ntoli * Nlapkhwane * Gampo * Khame * Kgari * Moroka * Sechele * Letsholathebe * Kalakamati * Goshwe * Madlambudzi * Ndolwane * Masendu * Bhagani * Makhekhe * Bilingoma * Malebegwa | * Sihore * Malalume * Malopa * Bambadzi * Hingwe * Jutjume * Makhulela * Tjehanga * Mbalambi * Lemu * Ngwana * Butshe * Nswazwi * Gutu * Dombodema * Hikwa * Male * Tjompani * Sevaka * mafeha * mabhongani * Mathangwane * Makorokoro * Hhobodo * Tjingababili |} == Mabviro eruzivo == [[Category:Vakalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eZimbabwe|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza|Kalanga]] [[Category:Madzinza eBhotswana|Kalanga]] 74ndcbjin3vijbjic3y25u3p93x1old 0 20454 97754 96493 2022-08-23T04:06:20Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chiaramu''' ([[Chingezi|Nge]]. ''Aramaic'') kana '''Chiarameiki''' mutauro we Chishemu (kana Chisemiti) wakarongwa kunzi uri pakati pe [[mitauro ye Chiafurika-Ezhiya]] senge [[Chihebheru]] ne mamwe wo. Wakabva kushandiswa kubva makore 3,000 kare kwose. Waive mutauro waishandiswa na Yesu uye na[[Vajudha|Majuta]] emunguva yake. Zvikamu zvishoma zve [[bhaibheri]] zvakanyorwa mururimi urwu, Chiaramu chikaita mutauro waive we[[uhofisi]] we [[Uhwami hwe Perusiya]]. Mushure ma[[Arekisondira muKuru|Arekisondira muKuru (kana Iskandara muKuru)]], vatauri veChiaramu vakatongwa nechisivhiri che [[Vagiriki]]. Mumaguta makuru [[Chigiriki]] ndicho chaive mutauro [[umodza]]. Mushure mekutandira kwe [[Ukristu]] (kana [[Ukristu|Chikristu]]) mutauro uwu wakaenderera ukatangakuzivikanwa pa[[unjee]] se[[Chisurya]] (kana futi ''Chisuryarya, Suryoryo'' uye ''Chisiriya''). Kunyangwe mushure mekutandira kwe [[Uyisalama]] (kana ''Yisalama, Chisalama''), Chisurya chakaramba chichitaravara uye man'wadhi mazhinji akanyorwa nemutauro uyu. Asizvo, neufambe, vatuari veChisurya vazhinji vakatanga kushandisa [[Chiarabhu]], kunyanya vaye vakashandura [[chitendero]] kuita Uyiziramu. Asihazvo, 445,000 vanhu nanhasi vachiri kuchishandisa, kunyanya mu[[Syria|Surya (Siriya)]], [[Iraq|Iraki]], uye [[Turkey|Turuki]], vahobho vawo vachiri Vakristu. == Mashoko ashandiswa == * [[umodza]] - ishoko ririkubva pa [[modza]] (zvinoreva kuti [[motsi]], moshi, poshi, imwe nezvimwe wo), saka pakuti umodza zvirikureva (''of being first; "firstness"'') saka ririkushandiswa kureva (''main''). * [[unjee]] - ishoko ririkubva pashoko rokuti [[njee]] rinoreva kuti ''common''. * [[kutaravara]] - (''to expand; expanding'') * [[Neufambe]] - (with time, gradually) * [[chisivhiri]] (''civilisation''), [[usivhiri]] (''civilised'') == Mabviro eruzivo == sw:wiki [[Category:Chiaramu|Aramu]] [[Category:Mbeu dze mutauro|Aramu]] [[Category:Mitauro ye Ezhiya|Aramu]] [[Category:Mitauro ya Surya (Siriya)|Aramu]] [[Category:Mitauro ye Iraki|Aramu]] [[Category:Mitauro ya Turuki|Aramu]] [[Category:Bhaibheri|Aramu]] [[Category:Mitauro ye Chiafurika-Ezhiya|Aramu]] gox1es04f4vlyudmxch67fjmstnd8ox 0 20914 97749 2022-08-22T16:44:13Z Masiziva 13430 Created page with "[[File:Almonds - in shell, shell cracked open, shelled, blanched.jpg|thumb]] '''Chiyo''' ([[Chingezi|nge]]. grain) '''zviyo''' pahuwandu, imbeu yakaoma idiki, inogona kuva kana kusava ne [[Besva|besva (hull)]] yakabatirira kana [[hwada]] ye muchero - inokororwa kuti vanhu ne mhuka dzidhle. Chirimwa che chiyo idzinde rinobara chiyo. Mhando mbiri dze zvirimwa zve chiyo che-commercial isiriyawu ne nyemba. Vamwe vatauri vanodana zviyo kuti [[mhuuze]], Mushure mekukororwa,..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Almonds - in shell, shell cracked open, shelled, blanched.jpg|thumb]] '''Chiyo''' ([[Chingezi|nge]]. grain) '''zviyo''' pahuwandu, imbeu yakaoma idiki, inogona kuva kana kusava ne [[Besva|besva (hull)]] yakabatirira kana [[hwada]] ye muchero - inokororwa kuti vanhu ne mhuka dzidhle. Chirimwa che chiyo idzinde rinobara chiyo. Mhando mbiri dze zvirimwa zve chiyo che-commercial isiriyawu ne nyemba. Vamwe vatauri vanodana zviyo kuti [[mhuuze]], Mushure mekukororwa, zviyo zvakaoma zvakasimba kudarika zvikafu zviri ''staple'', senge michero ye stachi ([[Dzoro (muchero)|dzoro (plantain)]], [[Musherisheri|musherisheri (breafruit)]] uye nezvimwe) uye matubheri (''tubers'') (mbambaira, [[mufarinya]] uye zvimwe wo). Kusimba uku kunoita kuti zviyo zviite muhushangazhi we [[Hurimi|hurimi (agrikalcha)]], nekuda kwekuti zvinogona kukororwa ne mushina, nekutakurwa ne [[njanji]] kana [[Ngarava|ngarawa]], nokuchengetwa nguva dzakareba mu[[Nhungu|nhungu (''silo'' kwete ''shack'')]], uye kugayiwa kuita [[Flawa|furawa]] kana kuitwa [[mafuta]]. Nekuda kwazvo, musika we chiyo ikomodhiti yekakura pasirose inosanganisa zvirimwa senge [[chibage]], [[mupunga]], [[soya]], [[gorosi]] kana zvimwe zviyo. == Mashoko ashandiswa == musherisheri ''breadfruit'', kutora shoko re Chiswahili ''mshelisheli''. == Sezita == * [[Chiyo (sezita)|Chiyo]] uye [[Zviyo (sezita)|zviyo]] [[Mazita eChishona|mazita e Chishona]] * '''Chiyo''' (千代 kana 千世) rinoshandiswa muChijapani futi, richireva kuti "makore mauru; zvachose; zvijeneresheni zviuru; mapasirose mauru" [[Category:Zviyo]] [[Category:Madzinde]] [[Category:Mhando dze chikafu]] 3ik3c283bd5l72mdu2qvtvr3idob071 97750 97749 2022-08-22T16:46:28Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Almonds - in shell, shell cracked open, shelled, blanched.jpg|thumb]] '''Chiyo''' ([[Chingezi|nge]]. grain) '''zviyo''' pahuwandu, imbeu yakaoma idiki, inogona kuva kana kusava ne [[Besva|besva (hull)]] yakabatirira kana [[hwada]] ye muchero - inokororwa kuti vanhu ne mhuka dzidhle. Chirimwa che chiyo idzinde rinobara chiyo. Mhando mbiri dze zvirimwa zve chiyo che-commercial isiriyawu ne nyemba. Vamwe vatauri vanodana zviyo kuti [[mhuuze]], Mushure mekukororwa, zviyo zvakaoma zvakasimba kudarika zvikafu zviri ''staple'', senge michero ye stachi ([[Dzoro (muchero)|dzoro (plantain)]], [[Musherisheri|musherisheri (breafruit)]] uye nezvimwe) uye matubheri (''tubers'') (mbambaira, [[mufarinya]] uye zvimwe wo). Kusimba uku kunoita kuti zviyo zviite muhushangazhi we [[Hurimi|hurimi (agrikalcha)]], nekuda kwekuti zvinogona kukororwa ne mushina, nekutakurwa ne [[njanji]] kana [[Ngarava|ngarawa]], nokuchengetwa nguva dzakareba mu[[Nhungu|nhungu (''silo'' kwete ''shack'')]], uye kugayiwa kuita [[Flawa|furawa]] kana kuitwa [[mafuta]]. Nekuda kwazvo, musika we chiyo ikomodhiti yekakura pasirose inosanganisa zvirimwa senge [[chibage]], [[mupunga]], [[soya]], [[gorosi]] kana zvimwe zviyo. == Mashoko ashandiswa == musherisheri ''breadfruit'', kutora shoko re Chiswahili ''mshelisheli''. == Sezita == * [[Chiyo (sezita)|Chiyo]] uye [[Zviyo (sezita)|zviyo]] [[Mazita eChishona|mazita e Chishona]] * '''Chiyo''' (千代 kana 千世) rinoshandiswa muChijapani futi, richireva kuti "makore mauru; zvachose; zvijeneresheni zviuru; mapasirose mauru" == Mitauro ye Chibantu == * Mururimi rwe[[Yao]] vanoti '''lunyilili''' (small grains of any substance, such as sand or gunpowder). * [[VaFwe]] vanoti '''bweke''' (n. grain) zvichireva tsanga. [[VaChewa]] vanoti '''njele''' (n. A single grain or seed of any sort). * [[MaZulu]] vanoti '''isilongotsha''' kana '''izilongotsha''' (n. a small particle, mote, grain). * MaZulu vanoti '''uluhlamvu''' kana '''izihlamvu''' (n. 1. Single grain, berry, pip, stone of fruit; 2. Coin, or small body of similar kind; single separate particle). * MaZulu vanoti '''uluhlamvu''' kana '''izihlamvu''' (3. A single word, saying, sentence, syllable, detail, point of an affair). [[Category:Zviyo]] [[Category:Madzinde]] [[Category:Mhando dze chikafu]] sxohsqiofduwl4ni0p0sw6nhq6z3m4l 97752 97750 2022-08-22T16:48:25Z Masiziva 13430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Egyptian Grains.jpg|thumb|Zviyo zveku [[Egypt|Ijipita]]]] '''Chiyo''' ([[Chingezi|nge]]. grain) '''zviyo''' pahuwandu, imbeu yakaoma idiki, inogona kuva kana kusava ne [[Besva|besva (hull)]] yakabatirira kana [[hwada]] ye muchero - inokororwa kuti vanhu ne mhuka dzidhle. Chirimwa che chiyo idzinde rinobara chiyo. Mhando mbiri dze zvirimwa zve chiyo che-commercial isiriyawu ne nyemba. Vamwe vatauri vanodana zviyo kuti [[mhuuze]], Mushure mekukororwa, zviyo zvakaoma zvakasimba kudarika zvikafu zviri ''staple'', senge michero ye stachi (planteni, [[Musherisheri|musherisheri (breafruit)]] uye nezvimwe) uye matubheri (''tubers'') (mbambaira, [[mufarinya]] uye zvimwe wo). Kusimba uku kunoita kuti zviyo zviite muhushangazhi we [[Hurimi|hurimi (agrikalcha)]], nekuda kwekuti zvinogona kukororwa ne mushina, nekutakurwa ne [[njanji]] kana [[Ngarava|ngarawa]], nokuchengetwa nguva dzakareba mu[[Nhungu|nhungu (''silo'' kwete ''shack'')]], uye kugayiwa kuita [[Flawa|furawa]] kana kuitwa [[mafuta]]. Nekuda kwazvo, musika we chiyo ikomodhiti yekakura pasirose inosanganisa zvirimwa senge [[chibage]], [[mupunga]], [[soya]], [[gorosi]] kana zvimwe zviyo. == Mashoko ashandiswa == musherisheri ''breadfruit'', kutora shoko re Chiswahili ''mshelisheli''. == Sezita == * [[Chiyo (sezita)|Chiyo]] uye [[Zviyo (sezita)|zviyo]] [[Mazita eChishona|mazita e Chishona]] * '''Chiyo''' (千代 kana 千世) rinoshandiswa muChijapani futi, richireva kuti "makore mauru; zvachose; zvijeneresheni zviuru; mapasirose mauru" == Mitauro ye Chibantu == * Mururimi rwe[[Yao]] vanoti '''lunyilili''' (small grains of any substance, such as sand or gunpowder). * [[VaFwe]] vanoti '''bweke''' (n. grain) zvichireva tsanga. [[VaChewa]] vanoti '''njele''' (n. A single grain or seed of any sort). * [[MaZulu]] vanoti '''isilongotsha''' kana '''izilongotsha''' (n. a small particle, mote, grain). * MaZulu vanoti '''uluhlamvu''' kana '''izihlamvu''' (n. 1. Single grain, berry, pip, stone of fruit; 2. Coin, or small body of similar kind; single separate particle). * MaZulu vanoti '''uluhlamvu''' kana '''izihlamvu''' (3. A single word, saying, sentence, syllable, detail, point of an affair). [[Category:Zviyo]] [[Category:Madzinde]] [[Category:Mhando dze chikafu]] 7v1jnibs1h23hnsdedlcfq1v54uhxht