Ekwendeni

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    <title>Ekwendeni</title>
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      <text bytes="366" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:Malawi-Ekwendeni.png|thumb|right|150px|&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey;&quot;&gt;Ekwendeni&lt;/span&gt;]]

'''Ekwendeni''' ndi tauni yomwe yili ku [[mpoto]] kwa dzilo la [[Malaŵi]], mu boma la [[Mzimba]].

Tauniyi, yili ma kilomita 20 kuchoka ku mzinda wa [[Mzuzu]]. Ekwendeni ndi tauni yimodzi yomwe yili yayikulu mu matauni a mdziko la [[Malawi|Malaŵi]].

[[Category:Malaŵi]]</text>
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      <text bytes="184" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb]]

'''Napoleon Bonparte''' anali wopenta (1769 August 15, - May 5, 1821).</text>
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      <text bytes="188" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb]]

'''Napoleon Bonparte''' anali [[wopenta]] (1769 August 15, - May 5, 1821).</text>
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      <text bytes="198" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|257x257px]]

'''Napoleon Bonparte''' anali [[wopenta]] (1769 August 15, - May 5, 1821).</text>
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    <title>Italia</title>
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| dzina= Italy
| mbendera = [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|125px|Mbendera ya Greece]]
| chikopa = [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|140px|Chikopa ya Greece]]
| malo = [[File:Italy in European Union.svg|250px|Finland ku Europu]]
| chinenero = Chifinland
| mzinda = [[Rome]]
| chipembedzo = 
| government = [[Republic]]
| km2 = 131,957 
| madzi =2,4 
| wamdziko =  60 507 590 (2017) | density = 201
| ndalama = [[euro]] | code_ndalama = EUR
| nthawi = +1, +2
| nyimbo =
| Tsiku = 
| tld = it | landcode = IT | tel = +39
}}
Dziko la '''Italy''' ndilo kum'mwera kwa [[Ulaya]] ndipo ndi membala wa [[European Union]]. Dzina lake lenileni ndi Repubblica Italiana. Mbendera ya Italy ndi yobiriwira, yoyera ndi yofiira. Italy ndi Republican demokarasi ndipo ndi woyambitsa bungwe la [[European Union]].&lt;ref name=EU&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/index_en.htm|title=European Countries|publisher=European Union|accessdate=2009-07-24|archive-date=2009-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221093735/http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/index_en.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Purezidenti wake Sergio Mattarella ndi nduna yake ndi Giuseppe Conte. Italy nayenso ali membala wa G8, popeza ali ndichisanu ndi chitatu cha Padziko Lonse Padziko Lonse.

Zisanafike 1861, zinali ndi maufumu ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi. Italy yatchuka chifukwa cha vinyo, komanso chakudya chake. Zina mwa zakudya zotchuka kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pasitala, pizza, ndi mphesa. Maolivi amakhalanso odzaza kwambiri mu mbale.

Mzinda wa Rome, womwe ndi likulu la dzikoli, ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa unali likulu la Ufumu wa Roma. Mizinda ina yotchuka ku Italy ndi [[Venice]], [[Naples]], [[Genoa]], [[Florence]], [[Palermo]], ndi [[Milan]].
== Zolemba ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Italia|*]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Europu]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1933" xml:space="preserve">{{Thebulo_dziko |
| dzina= Italy
| mbendera = [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|125px|Mbendera ya Greece]]
| chikopa = [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|140px|Chikopa ya Greece]]
| malo = [[File:Italy in European Union.svg|250px|Finland ku Europu]]
| chinenero = Chifinland
| mzinda = [[Rome]]
| chipembedzo = 
| government = [[Republic]]
| km2 = 131,957 
| madzi =2,4 
| wamdziko =  60 507 590 (2017) | density = 201
| ndalama = [[euro]] | code_ndalama = EUR
| nthawi = +1, +2
| nyimbo =
| Tsiku = 
| tld = it | landcode = IT | tel = +39
}}
Dziko la '''Italy''' ndilo kum'mwera kwa [[Ulaya]] ndipo ndi membala wa [[European Union]]. Dzina lake lenileni ndi Repubblica Italiana. Mbendera ya Italy ndi yobiriwira, yoyera ndi yofiira. Italy ndi Republican demokarasi ndipo ndi woyambitsa bungwe la [[European Union]].&lt;ref name=EU&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/index_en.htm|title=European Countries|publisher=European Union|accessdate=2009-07-24|archive-date=2009-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221093735/http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/index_en.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Purezidenti wake [[Sergio Mattarella ndi nduna yake ndi Giuseppe Conte. Italy nayenso ali membala wa G8, popez]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;a ali ndichisanu ndi chitatu cha Padziko Lonse Padziko Lonse.

Zisanafike 1861, zinali ndi maufumu ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi. Italy yatchuka chifukwa cha vinyo, komanso chakudya chake. Zina mwa zakudya zotchuka kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pasitala, pizza, ndi mphesa. Maolivi amakhalanso odzaza kwambiri mu mbale.

Mzinda wa Rome, womwe ndi likulu la dzikoli, ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa unali likulu la Ufumu wa Roma. Mizinda ina yotchuka ku Italy ndi [[Venice]], [[Naples]], [[Genoa]], [[Florence]], [[Palermo]], ndi [[Milan]].
== Zolemba ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Italia|*]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Europu]]</text>
      <sha1>5f55o9z3p5sbvrt4yiuyo5x24cl0sx2</sha1>
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      <text bytes="1937" xml:space="preserve">{{Thebulo_dziko |
| dzina= Italy
| mbendera = [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|125px|Mbendera ya Greece]]
| chikopa = [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|140px|Chikopa ya Greece]]
| malo = [[File:Italy in European Union.svg|250px|Finland ku Europu]]
| chinenero = Chifinland
| mzinda = [[Rome]]
| chipembedzo = 
| government = [[Republic]]
| km2 = 131,957 
| madzi =2,4 
| wamdziko =  60 507 590 (2017) | density = 201
| ndalama = [[euro]] | code_ndalama = EUR
| nthawi = +1, +2
| nyimbo =
| Tsiku = 
| tld = it | landcode = IT | tel = +39
}}
Dziko la '''Italy''' ndilo kum'mwera kwa [[Ulaya]] ndipo ndi membala wa [[European Union]]. Dzina lake lenileni ndi [[Repubblica Italiana]]. Mbendera ya Italy ndi yobiriwira, yoyera ndi yofiira. Italy ndi Republican demokarasi ndipo ndi woyambitsa bungwe la [[European Union]].&lt;ref name=EU&gt;{{citeweb|url=http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/index_en.htm|title=European Countries|publisher=European Union|accessdate=2009-07-24|archive-date=2009-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221093735/http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/index_en.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Purezidenti wake [[Sergio Mattarella ndi nduna yake ndi Giuseppe Conte. Italy nayenso ali membala wa G8, popez]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;a ali ndichisanu ndi chitatu cha Padziko Lonse Padziko Lonse.

Zisanafike 1861, zinali ndi maufumu ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi. Italy yatchuka chifukwa cha vinyo, komanso chakudya chake. Zina mwa zakudya zotchuka kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pasitala, pizza, ndi mphesa. Maolivi amakhalanso odzaza kwambiri mu mbale.

Mzinda wa Rome, womwe ndi likulu la dzikoli, ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa unali likulu la Ufumu wa Roma. Mizinda ina yotchuka ku Italy ndi [[Venice]], [[Naples]], [[Genoa]], [[Florence]], [[Palermo]], ndi [[Milan]].
== Zolemba ==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Italia|*]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Europu]]</text>
      <sha1>6m90jwr7toudmfrty2xrvo4gkzp9kon</sha1>
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    <title>Pretoria</title>
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      <text bytes="187" xml:space="preserve">[[File:CentralPretoria.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Pretoria]]

'''Pretoria''' ndi [[boma]]  mu dziko la [[South Africa]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 741.651.


{{stub}}

[[Category:South Africa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="191" xml:space="preserve">[[File:CentralPretoria.jpg|thumb|right|303x303px|Pretoria]]

'''Pretoria''' ndi [[boma]]  mu dziko la [[South Africa]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 741.651.


{{stub}}

[[Category:South Africa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="191" xml:space="preserve">[[File:CentralPretoria.jpg|thumb|right|308x308px|Pretoria]]

'''Pretoria''' ndi [[boma]]  mu dziko la [[South Africa]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 741.651.


{{stub}}

[[Category:South Africa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Franklin D. Roosevelt</title>
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      <text bytes="268" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Froosevelt.jpeg|thumb|250px|Franklin D. Roosevelt]]

'''Franklin Delano Roosevelt'''  anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la [[United States]] kuyambira 1933 mpaka 1945.

{{commons|Franklin D. Roosevelt}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roosevelt, Franklin D.}}
[[Category:United States]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sydney</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>48621</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:09:08Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="167" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sydney skyline at dusk - Dec 2008.jpg|thumb|300px|Sydney]]

'''Sydney''' ndi [[mzinda]] mu dziko la [[Australia]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 4.840.600.

{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Osaka</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:29:53Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="151" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Osaka montage.jpg|thumb|300px|Osaka]]

'''Osaka''' ndi [[mzinda]]  wa boma ku dziko la [[Japan]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.668.586.


{{stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="142" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Osaka montage.jpg|thumb|300px|Osaka]]

'''Osaka''' ndi [[mzinda]] ku dziko la [[Japan]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.668.586.


{{stub}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="155" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Osaka montage.jpg|thumb|300px|Osaka]]

'''Osaka''' ndi [[mzinda]] ku dziko la [[Japan]].Tauniyi ndiyo

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.668.586.


{{stub}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48557</id>
      <parentid>48556</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:31:05Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="183" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Osaka montage.jpg|thumb|300px|Osaka]]

'''Osaka''' ndi [[mzinda]] ku dziko la [[Japan]].Tauniyi ndiyodziwika kwambili mu dzikolo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.668.586.


{{stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lomé</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:23:29Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="272" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Imagelomé20.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Lomé]]

'''Lomé''' ndi [[boma]] lina la dziko la [[Togo]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 837.437 (2010).
* Maonekedwe: 90 km² 
* Kuchuluka: 9,305 km²
==Malifalensi==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons|Lomé}}
[[Category:Togo]]
[[Category:Boma]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bamako</title>
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    <id>3751</id>
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      <text bytes="192" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Hilltop view over Bamako.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Bamako]]

'''Bamako''' ndi [[boma]] mu dziko la [[Mali]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.809.106 (2009).

{{Commons|Bamako}}
[[Category:Mali]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:06:31Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="196" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Hilltop view over Bamako.jpg|thumb|right|329x329px|Bamako]]

'''Bamako''' ndi [[boma]] mu dziko la [[Mali]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.809.106 (2009).

{{Commons|Bamako}}
[[Category:Mali]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Turkey</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>48529</id>
      <parentid>33459</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:19:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="501" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]]
'''Turkey''' ([[tursk]]: Türkiye) ndi [[dziko]] lomwe limapezeka ku [[Europu]] &amp; [[Asia]]. [[Istanbul]] ndi [[boma]] lina la dziko la Turkey. Dzikoli linayandikana ndi [[Greece]] cha ku madzulo, [[Gergiomo]] cha ku mpoto ndi [[Iran]], [[Armenia|Armenyomo]], [[Azerbaijan]] kuzungulira kum’mawa, kummwera ndi ku madzulo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 79 463 663 (2016).

[[Category:Turkey|*]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Europu]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>gku5ql3d9t9o5t2zp1mzf802x8qw717</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48530</id>
      <parentid>48529</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:19:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="505" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]]
'''Turkey''' ([[tursk]]: [[Türkiye]]) ndi [[dziko]] lomwe limapezeka ku [[Europu]] &amp; [[Asia]]. [[Istanbul]] ndi [[boma]] lina la dziko la Turkey. Dzikoli linayandikana ndi [[Greece]] cha ku madzulo, [[Gergiomo]] cha ku mpoto ndi [[Iran]], [[Armenia|Armenyomo]], [[Azerbaijan]] kuzungulira kum’mawa, kummwera ndi ku madzulo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 79 463 663 (2016).

[[Category:Turkey|*]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Europu]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>9o0wccs5vh23q176jh7xcrtteqh4tpp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48531</id>
      <parentid>48530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:19:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="509" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]]
'''Turkey''' ([[tursk]]: [[Türkiye]]) ndi [[dziko]] lomwe limapezeka ku [[Europu]] &amp; [[Asia]]. [[Istanbul]] ndi [[boma]] lina la dziko la [[Turkey]]. Dzikoli linayandikana ndi [[Greece]] cha ku madzulo, [[Gergiomo]] cha ku mpoto ndi [[Iran]], [[Armenia|Armenyomo]], [[Azerbaijan]] kuzungulira kum’mawa, kummwera ndi ku madzulo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 79 463 663 (2016).

[[Category:Turkey|*]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Europu]]
[[Category:Maiko a ku Asia]]</text>
      <sha1>m8ncjdqiptkowbq1keuz8l44ewdel2r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>China</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3832</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48580</id>
      <parentid>32193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:38:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="329" xml:space="preserve">[[File:People's Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|China]]
'''China(中国)''' ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku [[Asia]]. [[Beijing]] ndi bomalina la dziko la China. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1 339 724 852 (2013). 
* Maonekedwe: 9,596,961 km² 
* Kuchuluka: 145 ta’ata/km²

{{Commons|China}}
[[Category:China| ]]</text>
      <sha1>7u2g1am5xw8h15njm0c1rtk0dwfkkze</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48581</id>
      <parentid>48580</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:38:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="330" xml:space="preserve">[[File:People's Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|China]]
'''China(中国)''' ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku [[Asia]]. [[Beijing]] ndi boma lina la dziko la China. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1 339 724 852 (2013). 
* Maonekedwe: 9,596,961 km² 
* Kuchuluka: 145 ta’ata/km²

{{Commons|China}}
[[Category:China| ]]</text>
      <sha1>sbov57j84zlhs55fognyy18hbpoubgb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Heidelberg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3881</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48598</id>
      <parentid>40720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:50:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="773" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Heidelberg corr.jpg|thumb|309x309px|Heidelberg]]

'''Heidelberg''' ndi [[mzinda]] ku dziko la [[Germany]].

* Maonekedwe: 109 km² 
* Kuchuluka: 1,422 ta’ata/km² 
* Chiwerengero cha anthu: 154,715&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistische Berichte |url=http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/Service/Veroeff/Statistische_Berichte/312614001.pdf |access-date=2016-09-05 |archive-date=2016-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222000341/http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/Service/Veroeff/Statistische_Berichte/312614001.pdf |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; (2014).
== Demographics ==
[[File:Heidelberg population.svg|thumb|left|]]

== Link ==
* [http://www.heidelberg.de Heidelberg] 
{{commons|Heidelberg}}
==Malifalensi==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Germany]]</text>
      <sha1>09b6hqkkth1i82p0036stf20fkq1hi1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Olemba mu ciNyanja</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48691</id>
      <parentid>17563</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:35:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1844" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|Longmans
|1949
|-
|Jerry N Banda
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|Nelson Chaima
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|Jackson U Mwale
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|A Mondiwa
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|Lester Nkomba
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|C C J Chipinga
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>b2d1meh5urscok7tde55xvgh4ttq594</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48692</id>
      <parentid>48691</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:35:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1848" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|Longmans
|1949
|-
|Jerry N Banda
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|Nelson Chaima
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|A Mondiwa
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|Lester Nkomba
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|C C J Chipinga
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>hxmjviwuff2honiktoqbltxt225646u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48693</id>
      <parentid>48692</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:35:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1852" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|Longmans
|1949
|-
|Jerry N Banda
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|Nelson Chaima
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|A Mondiwa
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|Lester Nkomba
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|C C J Chipinga
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>jqwv2502lxf0uygvkkwo3usjxh853ea</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48694</id>
      <parentid>48693</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:36:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1856" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|Longmans
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|Nelson Chaima
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|A Mondiwa
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|Lester Nkomba
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|C C J Chipinga
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>epywsjtf74xysysaok9js0tkyycnthv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48695</id>
      <parentid>48694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:36:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1860" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|Longmans
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|A Mondiwa
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|Lester Nkomba
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|C C J Chipinga
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>bda6mhph2l55zgf7ki09ls3a8injgxk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48696</id>
      <parentid>48695</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:36:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1864" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|Longmans
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|A Mondiwa
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|C C J Chipinga
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>3ct4xseuos4612mn27kf7kkzkckhvtv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48697</id>
      <parentid>48696</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:36:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1868" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|Longmans
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[A Mondiwa]]
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|C C J Chipinga
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>60te29jzd6f7boxpchis4yoyj8nl4zc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48698</id>
      <parentid>48697</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:36:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1872" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|Longmans
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[A Mondiwa]]
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|[[C C J Chipinga]]
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>ep0lbmlip005a75vxyfcpg92tep5uns</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48699</id>
      <parentid>48698</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:37:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1876" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|[[Longmans]]
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[A Mondiwa]]
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|[[C C J Chipinga]]
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>5iso9tlv2k1po1xx8ggjwyyh0qgm4tu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48700</id>
      <parentid>48699</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:37:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1880" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|[[Longmans]]
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|[[NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau]]
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[A Mondiwa]]
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|Oxford University Press
|1953
|-
|[[C C J Chipinga]]
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>l63s64lngalxmv4vwiku097v498ipg7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48701</id>
      <parentid>48700</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:37:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1884" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|[[Longmans]]
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|[[NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau]]
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[A Mondiwa]]
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|[[Oxford University Press]]
|1953
|-
|[[C C J Chipinga]]
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|S J Njuweni
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>b3lzg5iwpwd14yho79knbw7hl1w564w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48702</id>
      <parentid>48701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:38:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1897" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|[[Longmans]]
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|[[NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau]]
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[A Mondiwa]]
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|[[Oxford University Press]]
|1953
|-
|[[C C J Chipinga]]
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|[[S J Njuwen]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;i
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|Henry Kadondo
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>gp7jwfchysloq7s9gj2ce1uflu3vnlv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48703</id>
      <parentid>48702</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:38:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1901" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|[[Longmans]]
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|[[NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau]]
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[A Mondiwa]]
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|[[Oxford University Press]]
|1953
|-
|[[C C J Chipinga]]
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|[[S J Njuwen]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;i
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|[[Henry Kadondo]]
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|Josiah E Phiri
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>lh8fajomizc2iq2fz0e4a0g19yveset</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48704</id>
      <parentid>48703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:38:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1905" xml:space="preserve">Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa).&lt;ref&gt;Chimombo, Prof. Steve, ''Directory of Malawian Writing'', 1992?&lt;/ref&gt;

==MaNovelo==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|[[S J Nthara]]
|Nthondo
|[[London]]
|Religious Tract Society
|1934
|-
|S J Nthara
|Nchowa
|London
|[[Longmans]]
|1949
|-
|[[Jerry N Banda]]
|Masautso a Kamnjira
|Lusaka
|Northern Rhodesia Publishing Bureau
|1951
|-
|[[Nelson Chaima]]
|Nthano ya Kasimu
|Lusaka
|[[NR and Nyasaland Publishing Bureau]]
|1951
|-
|[[Jackson U Mwale]]
|Mkoko
|Cape Town
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[A Mondiwa]]
|Mfumu Chilembwe
|London
|Longmans
|1951
|-
|[[Lester Nkomba]]
|Ukawamba
|London
|[[Oxford University Press]]
|1953
|-
|[[C C J Chipinga]]
|Zondi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1956
|-
|[[S J Njuwen]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;i
|Kubala Mkumodzi
|Lusaka
|N. Rhodesia &amp; Nyasaland Joint Publications Bureau
|1957
|-
|[[Henry Kadondo]]
|Mtima wa Mfumu Kalanzi
|London
|University of London
|1958
|-
|[[Josiah E Phiri]]
|Kalenga ndi Mnzache
|Lusaka
|NECZAM
|1958
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Za Moyo wa Munthu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Namon Katengeza
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Synod
|1964
|-
|S J Nthara
|Msyamboza
|Nkhoma
|Van Wyk Press
|1965
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Nkhani zosapeka&lt;ref&gt;S M Made, M V B Mangoche Mbewe and R Jackson, ''100 Years of Chichewa in Writing 1875-1975'', University of Malawi, Zomba, 1976&lt;/ref&gt; ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mlembi
!Mutu
!Mzinda
!Msindikizi
!Deti
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mbiri ya AChewa
|Dedza
|Nkhoma Mission Press
|1944-45
|-
|S J Nthara
|Mawu Okuluwika M'chinyanja
|Lusaka
|Zambia Educational Publishing House
|1964
|-
|A J Makumbi
|Maliro ndi Miyambo ya Achewa
|Blantyre
|Blantyre Print
|1955
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==Gwero==
Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi:</text>
      <sha1>0xe3byt9zemu3h6wre26cm2s7dbb6k2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Islam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3966</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48599</id>
      <parentid>17208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:50:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3430" xml:space="preserve">'''Islam''' ndi chipembedzo [[monotheistic]].
Main ndikukhulupirira wa Islam ndi &quot;Only Mulungu ([[Allah]])&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;'''quran.com''': ''[http://quran.com/2/255]''&lt;/ref&gt; [[Muhammad]] ndi mthenga.&lt;ref name=&quot;StrongWilder2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mary Strong|author2=Laena Wilder|title=Viewpoints: Visual Anthropologists at Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AFlylwsIDroC&amp;pg=RA1-PT561|date=1 May 2013|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-75613-7|pages=1–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renard2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=John Renard|title=The Handy Islam Answer Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpODBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT34|date=19 January 2015|publisher=Visible Ink Press|isbn=978-1-57859-544-0|pages=34–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Daughrity2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Dyron B. Daughrity|title=The Changing World of Christianity: The Global History of a Borderless Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMjEfkqg9twC&amp;pg=PA27|year=2010|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-1-4331-0452-7|pages=27–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wunderle2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=William D. Wunderle|title=A Manual for American Servicemen in the Arab Middle East: Using Cultural Understanding to Defeat Adversaries and Win the Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nkublQPPtIC&amp;pg=PA28|year=2008|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.|isbn=978-1-60239-277-9|pages=28–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KoenigShohaib2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Harold G. Koenig|author2=Saad Al Shohaib|title=Health and Well-Being in Islamic Societies: Background, Research, and Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsopBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|date=17 May 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-05873-3|pages=30–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islam ndi chipembedzo cha dziko yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri.&lt;ref name=landscape&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/|title=The Global Religious Landscape|date=18 December 2012|publisher=Pew Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islam ndi chipembedzo cha kukula mofulumira.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Burke|first1=Daniel|title=The world's fastest-growing religion is ...|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/|accessdate=18 April 2015|agency=CNN|date=April 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lippman&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god |title=No God But God |author=Lippman, Thomas W. |quote=''Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.'' |publisher=[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]]|date=2008-04-07|accessdate=2013-09-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithtoday.html PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Faith - Islam Today].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Concept wa Mulungu==
[[File:Istanbul, Hagia Sophia, Allah.jpg|thumb|right|Medallion kusonyeza mawu &quot;[[Allah]]&quot; (Mulungu) kuti Hagia Sophia, [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]
Mulungu akufotokozedwa m'mutu 112 la Qur'an motere:&quot;Iye ndi Mulungu, Amene ndi Only Mulungu, Wamuyaya, Mtheradi. Iye begetteth ayi, kapena mwini. Palibe wina wonga iye.&quot;
==Aneneri==
The Qur'an akutchula maina a kanjedza ambiri ankaona aneneri mu Islam, kuphatikizapo [[Adam]], [[Nowa]], [[Abulahamu]], [[Mose]] ndi [[Yesu Kristu]], ndi ena. [[Muhammad]] ndi mneneri omaliza.
==Gwero==

[[Category: Islam]]</text>
      <sha1>mkw5so9laeo16udo22kgli2th3s0cd4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48600</id>
      <parentid>48599</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:50:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3425" xml:space="preserve">'''Islam''' ndi chipembedzo [[monotheistic]].
ndikukhulupirira wa Islam ndi &quot;Only Mulungu ([[Allah]])&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;'''quran.com''': ''[http://quran.com/2/255]''&lt;/ref&gt; [[Muhammad]] ndi mthenga.&lt;ref name=&quot;StrongWilder2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mary Strong|author2=Laena Wilder|title=Viewpoints: Visual Anthropologists at Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AFlylwsIDroC&amp;pg=RA1-PT561|date=1 May 2013|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-75613-7|pages=1–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renard2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=John Renard|title=The Handy Islam Answer Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpODBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT34|date=19 January 2015|publisher=Visible Ink Press|isbn=978-1-57859-544-0|pages=34–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Daughrity2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Dyron B. Daughrity|title=The Changing World of Christianity: The Global History of a Borderless Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMjEfkqg9twC&amp;pg=PA27|year=2010|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-1-4331-0452-7|pages=27–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wunderle2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=William D. Wunderle|title=A Manual for American Servicemen in the Arab Middle East: Using Cultural Understanding to Defeat Adversaries and Win the Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nkublQPPtIC&amp;pg=PA28|year=2008|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.|isbn=978-1-60239-277-9|pages=28–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KoenigShohaib2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Harold G. Koenig|author2=Saad Al Shohaib|title=Health and Well-Being in Islamic Societies: Background, Research, and Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsopBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|date=17 May 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-05873-3|pages=30–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islam ndi chipembedzo cha dziko yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri.&lt;ref name=landscape&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/|title=The Global Religious Landscape|date=18 December 2012|publisher=Pew Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islam ndi chipembedzo cha kukula mofulumira.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Burke|first1=Daniel|title=The world's fastest-growing religion is ...|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/|accessdate=18 April 2015|agency=CNN|date=April 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lippman&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god |title=No God But God |author=Lippman, Thomas W. |quote=''Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.'' |publisher=[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]]|date=2008-04-07|accessdate=2013-09-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithtoday.html PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Faith - Islam Today].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Concept wa Mulungu==
[[File:Istanbul, Hagia Sophia, Allah.jpg|thumb|right|Medallion kusonyeza mawu &quot;[[Allah]]&quot; (Mulungu) kuti Hagia Sophia, [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]
Mulungu akufotokozedwa m'mutu 112 la Qur'an motere:&quot;Iye ndi Mulungu, Amene ndi Only Mulungu, Wamuyaya, Mtheradi. Iye begetteth ayi, kapena mwini. Palibe wina wonga iye.&quot;
==Aneneri==
The Qur'an akutchula maina a kanjedza ambiri ankaona aneneri mu Islam, kuphatikizapo [[Adam]], [[Nowa]], [[Abulahamu]], [[Mose]] ndi [[Yesu Kristu]], ndi ena. [[Muhammad]] ndi mneneri omaliza.
==Gwero==

[[Category: Islam]]</text>
      <sha1>75jg1kriq9ibzl0qf8c6cy47e3dotpp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48601</id>
      <parentid>48600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:02:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3429" xml:space="preserve">'''Islam''' ndi chipembedzo [[monotheistic]].
ndikukhulupirira wa Islam ndi &quot;Only Mulungu ([[Allah]])&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;'''quran.com''': ''[http://quran.com/2/255]''&lt;/ref&gt; [[Muhammad]] ndi mthenga.&lt;ref name=&quot;StrongWilder2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Mary Strong|author2=Laena Wilder|title=Viewpoints: Visual Anthropologists at Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AFlylwsIDroC&amp;pg=RA1-PT561|date=1 May 2013|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-75613-7|pages=1–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Renard2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=John Renard|title=The Handy Islam Answer Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpODBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT34|date=19 January 2015|publisher=Visible Ink Press|isbn=978-1-57859-544-0|pages=34–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Daughrity2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Dyron B. Daughrity|title=The Changing World of Christianity: The Global History of a Borderless Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMjEfkqg9twC&amp;pg=PA27|year=2010|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-1-4331-0452-7|pages=27–28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wunderle2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=William D. Wunderle|title=A Manual for American Servicemen in the Arab Middle East: Using Cultural Understanding to Defeat Adversaries and Win the Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nkublQPPtIC&amp;pg=PA28|year=2008|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.|isbn=978-1-60239-277-9|pages=28–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KoenigShohaib2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Harold G. Koenig|author2=Saad Al Shohaib|title=Health and Well-Being in Islamic Societies: Background, Research, and Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsopBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|date=17 May 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-05873-3|pages=30–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islam ndi chipembedzo cha dziko yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri.&lt;ref name=landscape&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/|title=The Global Religious Landscape|date=18 December 2012|publisher=Pew Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt; Islam ndi chipembedzo cha kukula mofulumira.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Burke|first1=Daniel|title=The world's fastest-growing religion is ...|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/|accessdate=18 April 2015|agency=CNN|date=April 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Lippman&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god |title=No God But God |author=Lippman, Thomas W. |quote=''Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.'' |publisher=[[U.S. News &amp; World Report]]|date=2008-04-07|accessdate=2013-09-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithtoday.html PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Faith - Islam Today].&lt;/ref&gt;

==Concept wa Mulungu==
[[File:Istanbul, Hagia Sophia, Allah.jpg|thumb|right|Medallion kusonyeza mawu &quot;[[Allah]]&quot; (Mulungu) kuti Hagia Sophia, [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]].]]
Mulungu akufotokozedwa m'mutu 112 la [[Qur'an]] motere:&quot;Iye ndi Mulungu, Amene ndi Only Mulungu, Wamuyaya, Mtheradi. Iye begetteth ayi, kapena mwini. Palibe wina wonga iye.&quot;
==Aneneri==
The Qur'an akutchula maina a kanjedza ambiri ankaona aneneri mu Islam, kuphatikizapo [[Adam]], [[Nowa]], [[Abulahamu]], [[Mose]] ndi [[Yesu Kristu]], ndi ena. [[Muhammad]] ndi mneneri omaliza.
==Gwero==

[[Category: Islam]]</text>
      <sha1>1ks0lvwpdel4xrlkeyhmjgsqb4xfxkg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Michael Jackson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4066</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48618</id>
      <parentid>44242</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:08:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="288" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Michael Jackson 1984.jpg|thumb|Jackson mu 1984.]] 

'''Michael Joseph Jackson''' (August 29, 1958 - June 25, 2009), ndi [[American]] woimba. Iye ankadziwika monga ''King of Pop'' (Mfumu ya Pop).

{{commons|Michael Jackson}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:United States]]
[[Category:Kuimba]]</text>
      <sha1>tp53case8t2ahrd74vrzzf0wqhb2p6i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48619</id>
      <parentid>48618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:08:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="319" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Michael Jackson 1984.jpg|thumb|Jackson mu 1984.]] 

'''Michael Joseph Jackson''' (August 29, 1958 - June 25, 2009), ndi [[American]] woimba. Iye ankadziwika monga [[King of Pop (Mfumu ya Pop)|''King of Pop'' (Mfumu ya Pop)]].

{{commons|Michael Jackson}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:United States]]
[[Category:Kuimba]]</text>
      <sha1>b0szjffieb4jws8ti6kju8ed0agvhxu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jaynagar Majilpur</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4265</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48610</id>
      <parentid>33212</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:05:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="272" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality.jpg|thumb|319x319px|Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality]]

'''Jaynagar Majilpur''' ndi [[mzinda]] ku dziko la [[India]].

Chiwerengero cha anthu: 25,922 (2011)
* Maonekedwe: 5.85 km² 
* Kuchuluka: 4,431 ta’ata/km²

[[Category:India|*]]</text>
      <sha1>6a9bnvkngre0ewalopi3mkmtopgsq8m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Selena Gomez</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4462</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48622</id>
      <parentid>18344</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2544" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha Alex Russo pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za Barney &amp; Friends - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo Ramona ndi Beezus (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku Canada The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake Franisa Raisa, adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>6jli3vnwr4gknzwawuf1kk88plv3du3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48623</id>
      <parentid>48622</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:14:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2548" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha Alex Russo pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo Ramona ndi Beezus (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku Canada The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake Franisa Raisa, adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>nqirqhw5dhz3n08zr3oj7wqh07p3ujd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48624</id>
      <parentid>48623</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:14:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2552" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha [[Alex Russo]] pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo Ramona ndi Beezus (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku Canada The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake Franisa Raisa, adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>spvacdbelmjz09n1cn7lqhlzja199lf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48625</id>
      <parentid>48624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:15:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2556" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha [[Alex Russo]] pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo [[Ramona]] ndi Beezus (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku Canada The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake Franisa Raisa, adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>b4pnho3bcz5f7v1itbxb8tl8ag28ifx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48626</id>
      <parentid>48625</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:15:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2560" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha [[Alex Russo]] pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo [[Ramona]] ndi Beezus (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[Canada]] The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake Franisa Raisa, adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>tv8xju1z3fpfxcnp1fknicp467c2xtv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48627</id>
      <parentid>48626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:15:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2564" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha [[Alex Russo]] pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo [[Ramona]] ndi [[Beezus]] (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[Canada]] The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake Franisa Raisa, adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>gdxw6v7k1iirmgl7aoifs89rtify53r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48628</id>
      <parentid>48627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:15:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2568" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha [[Alex Russo]] pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo [[Ramona]] ndi [[Beezus]] (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[Canada]] The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake [[Franisa Raisa]], adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>0c0w58z9ww4voj9za8cdfk49l17n9gv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48629</id>
      <parentid>48628</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:16:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2572" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha [[Alex Russo]] pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV [[Wizards of Waverly Place]]. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo [[Ramona]] ndi [[Beezus]] (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[Canada]] The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake [[Franisa Raisa]], adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>tfvph6unvuk9smte570k95mhj2cwp5h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48630</id>
      <parentid>48629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:16:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2576" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha [[Alex Russo]] pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu [[Disney Channel]] ma TV [[Wizards of Waverly Place]]. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo [[Ramona]] ndi [[Beezus]] (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[Canada]] The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake [[Franisa Raisa]], adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>tru9gdgpwro88cm6y9z8e27ygnqae0n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48631</id>
      <parentid>48630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:16:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2580" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Selena Gomez UNICEF 3, 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Gomez ku [[UNICEF]] 2012 Snowflake Ball ku [[New York City]]]]
'''Selena Marie Gomez''' (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Bacle|first1=Ariana|title=Selena Gomez shares ominous 13 Reasons Why teaser|url=http://ew.com/tv/2017/01/25/selena-gomez-13-reasons-netflix-teaser/|accessdate=January 25, 2017|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=January 25, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Selena Gomez - Producer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1411125/filmotype/producer?ref_=m_nmfm_4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[America]]. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]], adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha [[Alex Russo]] pa TV za [[Disney Channel]] zowonetsera TV za [[Wizard of Waverly Place]], zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012.


==Kuchita ntchito==
Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za [[Barney &amp; Friends]] - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi [[Demi Lovato]] - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu [[Disney Channel]] ma TV [[Wizards of Waverly Place]]. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, [[Alex Russo]], mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo [[Ramona]] ndi [[Beezus]] (2010), [[Monte Carlo]] (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016).

==Moyo waumwini==
Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a [[Justin Bieber]] ku [[Canada]] kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/890612/jelena-isn-t-alone-hollywood-couples-who-just-can-t-quit-each-other|title=Jelena Isn't Alone: Hollywood Couples Who Just Can't Quit Each Other|newspaper=E! Online|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku [[Canada]] The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake [[Franisa Raisa]], adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/music/selena-gomez-kidney-transplant-francia-raisa-today-show/|title=Selena Gomez &amp; Francia Raisa Talk Kidney Transplant on Today|newspaper=PEOPLE.com|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anabadwa mu 1992]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]</text>
      <sha1>9ts5st0w80qgf5lfvqiev564xs2velm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Triple H</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4580</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48683</id>
      <parentid>18586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:32:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3167" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HHH Authority.png|thumb|Triple H mu 2015]]
'''Paul Michael Levesque''' (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku [[United States|America]], wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso [[Kumanga thupi|woyambitsa thupi]]. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la '''mphete H (triple H)''', kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la [[Hunter Hearst Helmsley]]. Iye tsopano ndi '''COO''' (&quot;Chief Operating Officer&quot;) wa [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]].

Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti Terra Ryzing. Adzakhalanso ndi '''Jean-Paul Lévesque''', wachiroma wa ku France, asanafike pa World Wrestling Federation (tsopano WWE) mu 1995.

Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): [[WWE Champion]] Wose-Time komanso Champion [[World Heavyweight Champion]] Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa [[1997 King of the Ring|Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring]], yomwe ili mu [[2002 Royal Rumble]]. wachiwiri [[ Grand Slam Champion.|wamkulu wa Slam Champion]].

Anakwatira [[Stephanie McMahon]] mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, Vince McMahon. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film ''Journey of Death''. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa [[WWE Championship]]. Anataya mutu wake pa [[Survivor Series 2008]] mpaka [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]].

Pa [[No Way Out (2009)|2009 Palibe Way Out]], Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri.

Atatha kulowa mu 2016 Royal Rumble match in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli [[Roman Reigns]] ku [[WrestleMania 32]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SmackDownchamber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/|title=Regaining the throne|last=Passero|first=Mitch|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2009-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuchita ==
=== Mafilimu ===
*[[Blade: Trinity]] - Jarko Grimwood (2004)
*[[Relative Strangers]] - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited)
*[[The Chaperone (movie)|The Chaperone]] - Raymond &quot;Ray Ray&quot; Bradstone (2011)
*[[Inside Out (2011 movie)|Inside Out]] - Arlo &quot;AJ&quot; Jayne (2011)
*[[Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery]] -  Himself (2014) (voice)

== Zolemba ==
&lt;!--
{{reflist|2}}
--&gt;
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author = Mick Foley | title = [[Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks]] | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2000 | pages=544 pages | isbn = 0061031011}}
* {{cite news | author = PWI Staff | title = Pro Wrestling Illustrated presents: 2007 Wrestling almanac &amp; book of facts | work = &quot;Wrestling’s historical cards&quot; | publisher = Kappa Publishing | date = 2007 | language = English}}
* {{cite book | author = Baer, Randy and R. D. Reynolds | title = Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling | publisher = ECW Press | date = 2003 | isbn = 1550225847}}

[[Category:Zimapanga thupi]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:WWE wrestlers]]
[[Category:Obadwa mu 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>gwcam2wepsmiwr2bl637lezc3mk74v7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48684</id>
      <parentid>48683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:32:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3171" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HHH Authority.png|thumb|Triple H mu 2015]]
'''Paul Michael Levesque''' (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku [[United States|America]], wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso [[Kumanga thupi|woyambitsa thupi]]. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la '''mphete H (triple H)''', kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la [[Hunter Hearst Helmsley]]. Iye tsopano ndi '''COO''' (&quot;Chief Operating Officer&quot;) wa [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]].

Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti [[Terra Ryzing]]. Adzakhalanso ndi '''Jean-Paul Lévesque''', wachiroma wa ku France, asanafike pa World Wrestling Federation (tsopano WWE) mu 1995.

Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): [[WWE Champion]] Wose-Time komanso Champion [[World Heavyweight Champion]] Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa [[1997 King of the Ring|Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring]], yomwe ili mu [[2002 Royal Rumble]]. wachiwiri [[ Grand Slam Champion.|wamkulu wa Slam Champion]].

Anakwatira [[Stephanie McMahon]] mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, Vince McMahon. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film ''Journey of Death''. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa [[WWE Championship]]. Anataya mutu wake pa [[Survivor Series 2008]] mpaka [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]].

Pa [[No Way Out (2009)|2009 Palibe Way Out]], Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri.

Atatha kulowa mu 2016 Royal Rumble match in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli [[Roman Reigns]] ku [[WrestleMania 32]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SmackDownchamber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/|title=Regaining the throne|last=Passero|first=Mitch|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2009-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuchita ==
=== Mafilimu ===
*[[Blade: Trinity]] - Jarko Grimwood (2004)
*[[Relative Strangers]] - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited)
*[[The Chaperone (movie)|The Chaperone]] - Raymond &quot;Ray Ray&quot; Bradstone (2011)
*[[Inside Out (2011 movie)|Inside Out]] - Arlo &quot;AJ&quot; Jayne (2011)
*[[Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery]] -  Himself (2014) (voice)

== Zolemba ==
&lt;!--
{{reflist|2}}
--&gt;
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author = Mick Foley | title = [[Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks]] | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2000 | pages=544 pages | isbn = 0061031011}}
* {{cite news | author = PWI Staff | title = Pro Wrestling Illustrated presents: 2007 Wrestling almanac &amp; book of facts | work = &quot;Wrestling’s historical cards&quot; | publisher = Kappa Publishing | date = 2007 | language = English}}
* {{cite book | author = Baer, Randy and R. D. Reynolds | title = Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling | publisher = ECW Press | date = 2003 | isbn = 1550225847}}

[[Category:Zimapanga thupi]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:WWE wrestlers]]
[[Category:Obadwa mu 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>mz50yoq9vehq3y965th8uir70at1quj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48685</id>
      <parentid>48684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:33:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3175" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HHH Authority.png|thumb|Triple H mu 2015]]
'''Paul Michael Levesque''' (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku [[United States|America]], wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso [[Kumanga thupi|woyambitsa thupi]]. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la '''mphete H (triple H)''', kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la [[Hunter Hearst Helmsley]]. Iye tsopano ndi '''COO''' (&quot;Chief Operating Officer&quot;) wa [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]].

Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti [[Terra Ryzing]]. Adzakhalanso ndi '''Jean-Paul Lévesque''', wachiroma wa ku France, asanafike pa World Wrestling Federation (tsopano WWE) mu 1995.

Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): [[WWE Champion]] Wose-Time komanso Champion [[World Heavyweight Champion]] Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa [[1997 King of the Ring|Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring]], yomwe ili mu [[2002 Royal Rumble]]. wachiwiri [[ Grand Slam Champion.|wamkulu wa Slam Champion]].

Anakwatira [[Stephanie McMahon]] mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, Vince McMahon. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film ''[[Journey of Death]]''. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa [[WWE Championship]]. Anataya mutu wake pa [[Survivor Series 2008]] mpaka [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]].

Pa [[No Way Out (2009)|2009 Palibe Way Out]], Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri.

Atatha kulowa mu 2016 Royal Rumble match in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli [[Roman Reigns]] ku [[WrestleMania 32]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SmackDownchamber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/|title=Regaining the throne|last=Passero|first=Mitch|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2009-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuchita ==
=== Mafilimu ===
*[[Blade: Trinity]] - Jarko Grimwood (2004)
*[[Relative Strangers]] - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited)
*[[The Chaperone (movie)|The Chaperone]] - Raymond &quot;Ray Ray&quot; Bradstone (2011)
*[[Inside Out (2011 movie)|Inside Out]] - Arlo &quot;AJ&quot; Jayne (2011)
*[[Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery]] -  Himself (2014) (voice)

== Zolemba ==
&lt;!--
{{reflist|2}}
--&gt;
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author = Mick Foley | title = [[Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks]] | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2000 | pages=544 pages | isbn = 0061031011}}
* {{cite news | author = PWI Staff | title = Pro Wrestling Illustrated presents: 2007 Wrestling almanac &amp; book of facts | work = &quot;Wrestling’s historical cards&quot; | publisher = Kappa Publishing | date = 2007 | language = English}}
* {{cite book | author = Baer, Randy and R. D. Reynolds | title = Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling | publisher = ECW Press | date = 2003 | isbn = 1550225847}}

[[Category:Zimapanga thupi]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:WWE wrestlers]]
[[Category:Obadwa mu 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>okl8wp7o8mgku6uo54nfxuuj6ufiw88</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48686</id>
      <parentid>48685</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:33:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3179" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HHH Authority.png|thumb|Triple H mu 2015]]
'''Paul Michael Levesque''' (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku [[United States|America]], wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso [[Kumanga thupi|woyambitsa thupi]]. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la '''mphete H (triple H)''', kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la [[Hunter Hearst Helmsley]]. Iye tsopano ndi '''COO''' (&quot;Chief Operating Officer&quot;) wa [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]].

Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti [[Terra Ryzing]]. Adzakhalanso ndi '''Jean-Paul Lévesque''', wachiroma wa ku [[France]], asanafike pa World Wrestling Federation (tsopano WWE) mu 1995.

Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): [[WWE Champion]] Wose-Time komanso Champion [[World Heavyweight Champion]] Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa [[1997 King of the Ring|Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring]], yomwe ili mu [[2002 Royal Rumble]]. wachiwiri [[ Grand Slam Champion.|wamkulu wa Slam Champion]].

Anakwatira [[Stephanie McMahon]] mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, Vince McMahon. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film ''[[Journey of Death]]''. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa [[WWE Championship]]. Anataya mutu wake pa [[Survivor Series 2008]] mpaka [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]].

Pa [[No Way Out (2009)|2009 Palibe Way Out]], Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri.

Atatha kulowa mu 2016 Royal Rumble match in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli [[Roman Reigns]] ku [[WrestleMania 32]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SmackDownchamber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/|title=Regaining the throne|last=Passero|first=Mitch|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2009-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuchita ==
=== Mafilimu ===
*[[Blade: Trinity]] - Jarko Grimwood (2004)
*[[Relative Strangers]] - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited)
*[[The Chaperone (movie)|The Chaperone]] - Raymond &quot;Ray Ray&quot; Bradstone (2011)
*[[Inside Out (2011 movie)|Inside Out]] - Arlo &quot;AJ&quot; Jayne (2011)
*[[Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery]] -  Himself (2014) (voice)

== Zolemba ==
&lt;!--
{{reflist|2}}
--&gt;
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author = Mick Foley | title = [[Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks]] | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2000 | pages=544 pages | isbn = 0061031011}}
* {{cite news | author = PWI Staff | title = Pro Wrestling Illustrated presents: 2007 Wrestling almanac &amp; book of facts | work = &quot;Wrestling’s historical cards&quot; | publisher = Kappa Publishing | date = 2007 | language = English}}
* {{cite book | author = Baer, Randy and R. D. Reynolds | title = Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling | publisher = ECW Press | date = 2003 | isbn = 1550225847}}

[[Category:Zimapanga thupi]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:WWE wrestlers]]
[[Category:Obadwa mu 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>0g8pbkhflsgxbpn5ijle93fz2rwg3kx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48687</id>
      <parentid>48686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:33:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3183" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HHH Authority.png|thumb|Triple H mu 2015]]
'''Paul Michael Levesque''' (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku [[United States|America]], wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso [[Kumanga thupi|woyambitsa thupi]]. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la '''mphete H (triple H)''', kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la [[Hunter Hearst Helmsley]]. Iye tsopano ndi '''COO''' (&quot;Chief Operating Officer&quot;) wa [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]].

Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti [[Terra Ryzing]]. Adzakhalanso ndi '''[[Jean-Paul Lévesque]]''', wachiroma wa ku [[France]], asanafike pa World Wrestling Federation (tsopano WWE) mu 1995.

Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): [[WWE Champion]] Wose-Time komanso Champion [[World Heavyweight Champion]] Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa [[1997 King of the Ring|Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring]], yomwe ili mu [[2002 Royal Rumble]]. wachiwiri [[ Grand Slam Champion.|wamkulu wa Slam Champion]].

Anakwatira [[Stephanie McMahon]] mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, Vince McMahon. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film ''[[Journey of Death]]''. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa [[WWE Championship]]. Anataya mutu wake pa [[Survivor Series 2008]] mpaka [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]].

Pa [[No Way Out (2009)|2009 Palibe Way Out]], Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri.

Atatha kulowa mu 2016 Royal Rumble match in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli [[Roman Reigns]] ku [[WrestleMania 32]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SmackDownchamber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/|title=Regaining the throne|last=Passero|first=Mitch|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2009-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuchita ==
=== Mafilimu ===
*[[Blade: Trinity]] - Jarko Grimwood (2004)
*[[Relative Strangers]] - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited)
*[[The Chaperone (movie)|The Chaperone]] - Raymond &quot;Ray Ray&quot; Bradstone (2011)
*[[Inside Out (2011 movie)|Inside Out]] - Arlo &quot;AJ&quot; Jayne (2011)
*[[Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery]] -  Himself (2014) (voice)

== Zolemba ==
&lt;!--
{{reflist|2}}
--&gt;
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author = Mick Foley | title = [[Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks]] | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2000 | pages=544 pages | isbn = 0061031011}}
* {{cite news | author = PWI Staff | title = Pro Wrestling Illustrated presents: 2007 Wrestling almanac &amp; book of facts | work = &quot;Wrestling’s historical cards&quot; | publisher = Kappa Publishing | date = 2007 | language = English}}
* {{cite book | author = Baer, Randy and R. D. Reynolds | title = Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling | publisher = ECW Press | date = 2003 | isbn = 1550225847}}

[[Category:Zimapanga thupi]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:WWE wrestlers]]
[[Category:Obadwa mu 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>9658rx2f77bphjaz0pedrstxzojjk17</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48688</id>
      <parentid>48687</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:34:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3187" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HHH Authority.png|thumb|Triple H mu 2015]]
'''Paul Michael Levesque''' (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku [[United States|America]], wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso [[Kumanga thupi|woyambitsa thupi]]. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la '''mphete H (triple H)''', kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la [[Hunter Hearst Helmsley]]. Iye tsopano ndi '''COO''' (&quot;Chief Operating Officer&quot;) wa [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]].

Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti [[Terra Ryzing]]. Adzakhalanso ndi '''[[Jean-Paul Lévesque]]''', wachiroma wa ku [[France]], asanafike pa World Wrestling Federation (tsopano WWE) mu 1995.

Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): [[WWE Champion]] Wose-Time komanso Champion [[World Heavyweight Champion]] Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa [[1997 King of the Ring|Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring]], yomwe ili mu [[2002 Royal Rumble]]. wachiwiri [[ Grand Slam Champion.|wamkulu wa Slam Champion]].

Anakwatira [[Stephanie McMahon]] mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, Vince McMahon. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film ''[[Journey of Death]]''. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa [[WWE Championship]]. Anataya mutu wake pa [[Survivor Series 2008]] mpaka [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]].

Pa [[No Way Out (2009)|2009 Palibe Way Out]], Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri.

Atatha kulowa mu [[2016 Royal Rumble match]] in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli [[Roman Reigns]] ku [[WrestleMania 32]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SmackDownchamber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/|title=Regaining the throne|last=Passero|first=Mitch|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2009-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuchita ==
=== Mafilimu ===
*[[Blade: Trinity]] - Jarko Grimwood (2004)
*[[Relative Strangers]] - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited)
*[[The Chaperone (movie)|The Chaperone]] - Raymond &quot;Ray Ray&quot; Bradstone (2011)
*[[Inside Out (2011 movie)|Inside Out]] - Arlo &quot;AJ&quot; Jayne (2011)
*[[Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery]] -  Himself (2014) (voice)

== Zolemba ==
&lt;!--
{{reflist|2}}
--&gt;
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author = Mick Foley | title = [[Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks]] | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2000 | pages=544 pages | isbn = 0061031011}}
* {{cite news | author = PWI Staff | title = Pro Wrestling Illustrated presents: 2007 Wrestling almanac &amp; book of facts | work = &quot;Wrestling’s historical cards&quot; | publisher = Kappa Publishing | date = 2007 | language = English}}
* {{cite book | author = Baer, Randy and R. D. Reynolds | title = Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling | publisher = ECW Press | date = 2003 | isbn = 1550225847}}

[[Category:Zimapanga thupi]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:WWE wrestlers]]
[[Category:Obadwa mu 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>qc64wf72katieueni7tk055mgnpg6f3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48689</id>
      <parentid>48688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:34:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3191" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HHH Authority.png|thumb|Triple H mu 2015]]
'''Paul Michael Levesque''' (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku [[United States|America]], wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso [[Kumanga thupi|woyambitsa thupi]]. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la '''mphete H (triple H)''', kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la [[Hunter Hearst Helmsley]]. Iye tsopano ndi '''COO''' (&quot;Chief Operating Officer&quot;) wa [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]].

Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti [[Terra Ryzing]]. Adzakhalanso ndi '''[[Jean-Paul Lévesque]]''', wachiroma wa ku [[France]], asanafike pa World Wrestling Federation (tsopano WWE) mu 1995.

Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): [[WWE Champion]] Wose-Time komanso Champion [[World Heavyweight Champion]] Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa [[1997 King of the Ring|Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring]], yomwe ili mu [[2002 Royal Rumble]]. wachiwiri [[ Grand Slam Champion.|wamkulu wa Slam Champion]].

Anakwatira [[Stephanie McMahon]] mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, [[Vince McMahon]]. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film ''[[Journey of Death]]''. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa [[WWE Championship]]. Anataya mutu wake pa [[Survivor Series 2008]] mpaka [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]].

Pa [[No Way Out (2009)|2009 Palibe Way Out]], Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri.

Atatha kulowa mu [[2016 Royal Rumble match]] in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli [[Roman Reigns]] ku [[WrestleMania 32]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SmackDownchamber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/|title=Regaining the throne|last=Passero|first=Mitch|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2009-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuchita ==
=== Mafilimu ===
*[[Blade: Trinity]] - Jarko Grimwood (2004)
*[[Relative Strangers]] - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited)
*[[The Chaperone (movie)|The Chaperone]] - Raymond &quot;Ray Ray&quot; Bradstone (2011)
*[[Inside Out (2011 movie)|Inside Out]] - Arlo &quot;AJ&quot; Jayne (2011)
*[[Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery]] -  Himself (2014) (voice)

== Zolemba ==
&lt;!--
{{reflist|2}}
--&gt;
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author = Mick Foley | title = [[Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks]] | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2000 | pages=544 pages | isbn = 0061031011}}
* {{cite news | author = PWI Staff | title = Pro Wrestling Illustrated presents: 2007 Wrestling almanac &amp; book of facts | work = &quot;Wrestling’s historical cards&quot; | publisher = Kappa Publishing | date = 2007 | language = English}}
* {{cite book | author = Baer, Randy and R. D. Reynolds | title = Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling | publisher = ECW Press | date = 2003 | isbn = 1550225847}}

[[Category:Zimapanga thupi]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:WWE wrestlers]]
[[Category:Obadwa mu 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>his5zhqymznxagjqxyr69mdk36fqq85</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48690</id>
      <parentid>48689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:34:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3195" xml:space="preserve">[[File:HHH Authority.png|thumb|Triple H mu 2015]]
'''Paul Michael Levesque''' (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku [[United States|America]], wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso [[Kumanga thupi|woyambitsa thupi]]. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la '''mphete H (triple H)''', kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la [[Hunter Hearst Helmsley]]. Iye tsopano ndi '''COO''' (&quot;Chief Operating Officer&quot;) wa [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]].

Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti [[Terra Ryzing]]. Adzakhalanso ndi '''[[Jean-Paul Lévesque]]''', wachiroma wa ku [[France]], asanafike pa [[World Wrestling Federation]] (tsopano WWE) mu 1995.

Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): [[WWE Champion]] Wose-Time komanso Champion [[World Heavyweight Champion]] Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa [[1997 King of the Ring|Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring]], yomwe ili mu [[2002 Royal Rumble]]. wachiwiri [[ Grand Slam Champion.|wamkulu wa Slam Champion]].

Anakwatira [[Stephanie McMahon]] mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, [[Vince McMahon]]. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film ''[[Journey of Death]]''. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa [[WWE Championship]]. Anataya mutu wake pa [[Survivor Series 2008]] mpaka [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]].

Pa [[No Way Out (2009)|2009 Palibe Way Out]], Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri.

Atatha kulowa mu [[2016 Royal Rumble match]] in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli [[Roman Reigns]] ku [[WrestleMania 32]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SmackDownchamber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/|title=Regaining the throne|last=Passero|first=Mitch|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2009-01-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuchita ==
=== Mafilimu ===
*[[Blade: Trinity]] - Jarko Grimwood (2004)
*[[Relative Strangers]] - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited)
*[[The Chaperone (movie)|The Chaperone]] - Raymond &quot;Ray Ray&quot; Bradstone (2011)
*[[Inside Out (2011 movie)|Inside Out]] - Arlo &quot;AJ&quot; Jayne (2011)
*[[Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery]] -  Himself (2014) (voice)

== Zolemba ==
&lt;!--
{{reflist|2}}
--&gt;
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book | author = Mick Foley | title = [[Have A Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks]] | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2000 | pages=544 pages | isbn = 0061031011}}
* {{cite news | author = PWI Staff | title = Pro Wrestling Illustrated presents: 2007 Wrestling almanac &amp; book of facts | work = &quot;Wrestling’s historical cards&quot; | publisher = Kappa Publishing | date = 2007 | language = English}}
* {{cite book | author = Baer, Randy and R. D. Reynolds | title = Wrestlecrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling | publisher = ECW Press | date = 2003 | isbn = 1550225847}}

[[Category:Zimapanga thupi]]
[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:WWE wrestlers]]
[[Category:Obadwa mu 1969]]</text>
      <sha1>s4bghgx1clulxblxyxhc2r42cls7miy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mpule Kwelagobe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5152</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48603</id>
      <parentid>40908</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:02:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4838" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mpule Kwelagobe.jpg|thumb|Mpule Kwelagobe]] 

'''Mpule Keneilwe Kwelagobe'''  (wobadwa pa November 14, 1979) ndi mabizinesi a Botswanan, mzimayi wamalonda, chitsanzo, mfumukazi yapamwamba yemwe adawonedwa [[Miss Universe 1999]] ndi Purezidenti wamakono wa Miss Universe Botswana Organization.  Iye anali mzimayi wakuda waku Africa waku Africa kuti apambane mutu wapadziko lonse wokongola wokhala pamutu komanso dziko loyambirira loyambirapo pafupifupi zaka makumi anayi.  Kwelagobe wakhala akudziwika kuti ndi wofuna kulera ufulu waumunthu, makamaka pa nkhondo yake yolimbana ndi [[HIV/AIDS|HIV / AIDS]] ndi kulimbikitsa achinyamata ndi amayi kuti akhale ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza maphunziro opatsirana pogonana ndi ntchito.  Iye ndi wothandizira a [[QuesS Capital LLC]], ogwira ntchito [[Private equity firm|paokha omwe ali]] ndi ndalama [[Financial services|zothandizira ndalama]] , [[Renewable energy|mphamvu zowonjezereka]] ndi [[Agriculture|ulimi]] ku [[Africa]] ndi [[South Asia]] . 

== Miss Botswana ==
Mu August 1997, Kwelagobe anakhala mkazi wamng'ono kwambiri kuti apange korona wa Miss Botswana ali ndi zaka 17.  Anali wophunzira wa sekondale ku [[Lobatse Secondary School|Sukulu ya Secondary School ya Lobatse]] .  Kwelagobe anayimira dziko lake ku [[Miss World]] pageant mu 1997 ku [[Mahe, Seychelles]] koma sanaikepo.  Mu February 1999, adagonjetsa [[Miss Universe Botswana|Mayi Miss Universe Botswana]] , kuti akhale mkazi woyamba kuti awononge [[Miss Botswana]] kawiri.  Anali woyamba ku [[Miss Universe Botswana]] ndi amayi oyambirira a Botswana kuti atenge nawo mbali ya Miss Universe.     

== A Miss Universe ==
Kwelagobe anafika ku [[Port of Spain]] pa May 5, 1999 kwa [[Miss Universe 1999]] pageant, yomwe inachitika pa May 26 ku [[Chaguaramas, Trinidad|Chaguaramas]] Convention Center, [[Trinidad &amp; Tobago]] .  Anamenya nthumwi zina 84 kuti apambane tsamba la Miss Universe.  Kwelagobe adakhala Mayi Wachifumu woyamba wochokera ku dziko loyambira kuyambira 1958.  Iye anafika ku nyumba yake yatsopano ya [[New York City]] masiku awiri atatha kukongoledwa Miss Universe.  Kwa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake ankakhala ku [[Trump Place]] ndipo ankagwira ntchito ku [[Trump Tower]] monga [[Donald Trump]] anali mwiniwake wa Miss Universe pageant pogwirizana ndi [[CBS]] .     
Pambuyo pa ulamuliro wake monga Miss Universe, Kwelagobe anakhala woimira [[Clairol]] .  Masamba awiriwa pamasamba awiri adapezeka m'magazini ku US pamene Kwelagobe anali Miss Universe.  Mu 2002, adakhala woyamba ku Miss Universe kulowa mu yunivesite ya [[Ivy League]] pambuyo pa ulamuliro wake. 

== Mtsitsi wolowa manja ==
Mu 2000, Kwelagobe anasankhidwa kukhala ambassador wa Goodwill ndi bungwe la [[United Nations]] , ndikukambirana za achinyamata ndi [[HIV/AIDS|HIV / AIDS]] .  Pakati pa ena, adalankhula ndi [[World Summit on Sustainable Development|Msonkhano wa Padziko Lonse pa Zomwe Zilikulimbikitsabe]] , Msonkhano [[Least Developed Countries|Wolimbitsa Mayiko,]] Msonkhano wa Achinyamata Padziko Lonse ndi [[United States Congress]] (Komiti ya United States House of Representatives Committee on Banking and Financial Services).  Kwelagobe inafotokoza za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha AIDS ku Africa ndipo idapempha lamulo lokhazikitsa bungwe la [[World Bank|United Nations]] kuopewera AIDS.  

== Mphoto ==
Mu 2001, Kwelagobe analemekezedwa ndi mphotho ya Jonathan Mann Health Human Award ndi International Association of Physicians mu AIDS Care (IAPAC). Analemekezedwa pamodzi ndi mkulu wa bungwe la European Commission HIV, Lieve Fransen .  Mu 2003, anasankhidwa kukhala Mtsogoleri Wadziko Lonse Mtsogolo (GLT) ndi World Economic Forum , ndipo mu 2006, anasankhidwa ndi bungwe lomwelo monga Young Global Leader (YGL).  

== Zochita zina ==
Mu 2015, Kwelagobe anasaina kalata lotseguka limene [[ONE Campaign|ONE Misonkhano]] anali kusonkhanitsa anasaina chifukwa; kalatayo inatumizidwa kwa [[Angela Merkel]] ndi [[Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]] , powalimbikitsa kuti aziganizira za amai omwe akutsogolera G7 ku [[Germany]] ndi AU ku [[South Africa]] . 

== Maphunziro ==
Kwelagobe ali ndi digiri ku Political Science ( [[International political economy|International Politics]] ) kuchokera ku [[Columbia University]] ku [[New York City]] .     Iye akukhala pa bolodi wa [[African Institute for Mathematical Sciences|Institute African kwa masamu Sciences]] , poto-African zopezera Center wa Bwino m'masayansi masamu linakhazikitsidwa ndi 2008 [[TED Prize]] wopambana ndi [[Quantum physicist|kwadzidzidzi wasayansi]] , Professor [[Neil Turok]] .  

== Zolemba ==

== Zogwirizana kunja ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131030025805/http://www.unfpa.org/ambassadors/mpule.htm Mpule Kwelagobe] , Bungwe la UNFPA 
* [http://www.younggloballeaders.org Achinyamata Padziko Lonse] 

[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
[[Category:1979 kubadwa]]</text>
      <sha1>jjpbv33wr1b9r5freym39hlzu0j3odn</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zambia one hundred kwacha note</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5183</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48620</id>
      <parentid>34243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:08:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2621" xml:space="preserve">'''One hundred kwacha note''' ndi [[Denomination (currency)|chipembedzo]] cha [[Kwacha ya Zambia|ndalama]] za [[Kwacha ya Zambia|Zambia]] . Lamulo la pamapepala, lomwe linatulutsidwa koyamba m'chaka cha 2013 lili ndi Lamulo la Ufulu ku [[Lusaka]] , lomwe limapereka malamulo apamtundu ku Zambia, pakati pomwe pali [[National Assembly (Zambia)|National Assembly]] , mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa banknote m'mawu a m'munsimu ngodya, ziwerengero m'makona atatu ndi makina atsopano a [[Giesecke &amp; Devrient]] kumbali ya kumanja, komanso [[Buffalo]] mmbuyo.  The obverse chili ndi [[African fish eagle|African nsomba mphungu]] amene ankaona ngati kuzindikira yoyamba ya banknote Zambian, pamodzi ndi [[Coat of arms of Zambia|odula manja]] , siginecha ya Bank of Zambia Kazembe ndi kukhoma ndalama osonyezedwa banknote, ndi [[Face value|zina zimangokhala]] za ndondomeko ya banknote ndi Baobab Tree.   Ndalama za banknote zatchulidwa ndi [[Bank of Zambia]] kuyambira January, 2013 pamene zero zitatu zochokera ku K500, K1,000, K5,000, K10,000, K20,000 ndi K50,000 zinali kuchotsedwa.  

== Kuchotsa zero zitatu kuchokera ku chipembedzo ==
Chigawo chakale cha ndalama chinagawidwa ndi 1000, motero, kuchotsa zisoti zitatu kuchokera pa preexisting K50,000, K20,000, K10,000, K5,000, ndi K1,000.  Zipembedzo za m'munsi za K500, K100, ndi K50 zinagawanika ndi 1000 ndipo zinasandulika kukhala 1 Kwacha, 50, 10, ndi 5 ndalama za Ngwee. Pa January 23, 2012, [[Bank of Zambia|Banki ya Zambia]] inakonza zochitika zina zokhudzana ndi zochitika za Zambian Kwacha.  Malangizowo akuvomerezedwa ndi boma, kukhala imodzi mwa njira zoyenera kuthana ndi ndalama zowonjezereka zowonjezera ndalama za dziko, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nthawi yonse, chifukwa cha zaka zingapo za kuchuluka kwa ndalama zachuma zomwe zikudziwika ndi [[Economy of Zambia|chuma cha dziko]] pakati pa zaka zapitazo za m'ma 1900, ndi zaka zoyambirira za zaka za zana la 21. Pa 22 August 2012 Banki ya Zambia inatulutsa chikalata chofotokozera kuti tsiku la kusintha kwa ndalama zowonjezera lidayikidwa pa 1 January 2013. Malingalirowa adalandiridwa ku nyumba [[National Assembly (Zambia)|yamalamulo]] pa November 3, 2012.  Pambuyo pake, The Redomination of Currency Act ( [http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Redomination%20of%20Currency.PDF Act 8 of 2012] ) inakhazikitsidwa pa December 3, 2012. 

== Zogwirizana kunja ==

* [http://worldcoinnews.blogspot.com/2012/09/zambia-2012-new-coin-family.html Ndalama Zambiya Zatsopano za 2012] 
* [http://chalochatu.org/One_Hundred_Kwacha Mazana a Kwacha pa Chalo Chatu] 
[[Category:Ndalama za Zambia]]</text>
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      <text bytes="154" xml:space="preserve">'''Judith Bwalya Malele''' (born 3 August 1990), yemwe amadziwikanso kuti [[Judy Yo]] ndi wojambula waku Zambia wakujambula m'chiuno aku hop.

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      <text bytes="158" xml:space="preserve">'''Judith Bwalya Malele''' (born 3 August 1990), yemwe amadziwikanso kuti [[Judy Yo]] ndi wojambula waku [[Zambia]] wakujambula m'chiuno aku hop.

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      <text bytes="162" xml:space="preserve">'''Judith Bwalya Malele''' (born 3 August 1990), yemwe amadziwikanso kuti [[Judy Yo]] ndi wojambula waku [[Zambia]] wakujambula m'chiuno aku [[hop]].

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      <text bytes="1965" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the Zambian Music Industry. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called Luanshya. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, AfroBeats and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to Benson Bwalya and Melody Mukupa. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called Chachilamo (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self Kanyelele, Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called Shelle also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

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      <text bytes="1969" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called Luanshya. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, AfroBeats and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to Benson Bwalya and Melody Mukupa. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called Chachilamo (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self Kanyelele, Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called Shelle also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

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      <text bytes="1973" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called Luanshya. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, AfroBeats and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and Melody Mukupa. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called Chachilamo (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self Kanyelele, Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called Shelle also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

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      <text bytes="1977" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called Luanshya. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, AfroBeats and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called Chachilamo (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self Kanyelele, Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called Shelle also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

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      <text bytes="1981" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called Luanshya. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called Chachilamo (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self Kanyelele, Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called Shelle also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

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      <text bytes="1985" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called Chachilamo (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self Kanyelele, Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called Shelle also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

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      <text bytes="1989" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self Kanyelele, Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called Shelle also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

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      <text bytes="1993" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called Shelle also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

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      <text bytes="1997" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born Cynthia Kayula Bwalya popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called [[Shelle]] also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

==Zolemba==

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      <text bytes="2003" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born '''Cynthia Kayula Bwalya''' popularly known as Kay Figo (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called [[Shelle]] also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

==Zolemba==

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      <text bytes="2013" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born '''Cynthia Kayula Bwalya''' popularly known as '''''Kay Figo''''' (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like Ragga, RnB, [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called [[Shelle]] also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

==Zolemba==

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      <text bytes="2017" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born '''Cynthia Kayula Bwalya''' popularly known as '''''Kay Figo''''' (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like [[Ragga]], RnB, [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called [[Shelle]] also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

==Zolemba==

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      <text bytes="2021" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born '''Cynthia Kayula Bwalya''' popularly known as '''''Kay Figo''''' (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like [[Ragga]], [[RnB]], [[AfroBeats]] and Pop. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called [[Shelle]] also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
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      <text bytes="2025" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born '''Cynthia Kayula Bwalya''' popularly known as '''''Kay Figo''''' (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like [[Ragga]], [[RnB]], [[AfroBeats]] and [[Pop]]. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], Phone, Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called [[Shelle]] also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

==Zolemba==

[[Category:Anthu amoyo]]
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      <text bytes="2029" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born '''Cynthia Kayula Bwalya''' popularly known as '''''Kay Figo''''' (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like [[Ragga]], [[RnB]], [[AfroBeats]] and [[Pop]]. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], [[Phone]], Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called [[Shelle]] also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in over 17 countries across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

==Zolemba==

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      <text bytes="2033" xml:space="preserve">'''Kay Figo''' Born '''Cynthia Kayula Bwalya''' popularly known as '''''Kay Figo''''' (Born July23,1985) is one of the best female artists still holding top positions in the [[Zambian Music Industry]]. Kay Figo was born in a small mining town called [[Luanshya]]. Her music style includes a mixture of rhythms like [[Ragga]], [[RnB]], [[AfroBeats]] and [[Pop]]. She is also famous for the Zambian style Dunka Dunka that dominated the Zambian Music Industry a decade back.

Kay Figo is a beautiful daughter to [[Benson Bwalya]] and [[Melody Mukupa]]. Her closes friends informed ZambianMusic.Net that She started singing at a very tender age of 11. Acording to ZambianMusic.Net, Kay Figo was never a problematic girl; she was always directed to studies, house chores and religious. Kay is a short name for Kayula and Figo means freedom. At the age of 14,  Zambian artist Kay Figo formed a group with her 2 friends which they called PAK WV. She gained a boost only when she completed her secondary school hence beginning off a serious singing career that saw her go places across Zambia.

In 2010, Kay Figo released a song called [[Chachilamo]] (meaning It's too much) which was received massive airplay on radio and television stations. Her first album Kanyelele included hit songs like the album title it self [[Kanyelele]], [[Phone]], Chachilamo and Wandowa. Kanyelele was one of the dance hit songs which also received massive airplay. In record, Kanyelele is still the most sold album in the history of Zambia’s modern music for it sold over twenty thousand copies. Off her Nto Nto Nto album, a single called [[Shelle]] also won Kay Figo a couple of awards in Zambia.

Currently, Kay Figo is a house hold name in Zambia’s music industry whose music and career has influenced so many. Kay Figo has since performed in ove[[r 17 countries]] across the world and she’s still maintaining her position in the game.

==Zolemba==

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'''''Malawi Government boma yotchedwa Gazette''''' ndi boma yotchedwa [[Gazette]] boma la [[Malawi]] .

The ''boma yotchedwa Gazette'' lasindikizidwa kuyambira kusadalira Britain mu July [[1964]].  Zolembedwa mpaka [[1988]] zingapezeke zotolera za British Library . 


== Zambiri ==</text>
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'''''Malawi Government boma yotchedwa Gazette''''' ndi boma yotchedwa [[Gazette]] boma la [[Malawi]] .

The ''boma yotchedwa Gazette'' lasindikizidwa kuyambira kusadalira Britain mu July [[1964]].  Zolembedwa mpaka [[1988]] zingapezeke zotolera za [[British Library]] . 


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'''''Malawi Government boma yotchedwa Gazette''''' ndi boma yotchedwa [[Gazette]] boma la [[Malawi]] .

The ''boma yotchedwa [[Gazette]]'' lasindikizidwa kuyambira kusadalira Britain mu July [[1964]].  Zolembedwa mpaka [[1988]] zingapezeke zotolera za [[British Library]] . 


== Zambiri ==</text>
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'''''Malawi Government boma yotchedwa Gazette''''' ndi boma yotchedwa [[Gazette]] boma la [[Malawi]] .

The ''boma yotchedwa [[Gazette]]'' lasindikizidwa kuyambira kusadalira [[Britain]] mu July [[1964]].  Zolembedwa mpaka [[1988]] zingapezeke zotolera za [[British Library]] . 


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      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
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'''''Malawi Government boma yotchedwa Gazette''''' ndi boma yotchedwa [[Gazette]] boma la [[Malawi]] .

''Boma yotchedwa [[Gazette]]'' lasindikizidwa kuyambira kusadalira [[Britain]] mu July [[1964]].  Zolembedwa mpaka [[1988]] zingapezeke zotolera za [[British Library]] . 


== Zambiri ==</text>
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  <page>
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      <text bytes="520" xml:space="preserve">'''Christine Kaseba''' ndi sing'anga wa ku [[Zambia]] , dokotala wa opareshoni komanso wandale yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati Mkazi Woyamba wa [[Zambia]] kuyambira Seputembara 2011 mpaka Okutobala 2014. Ndi mayi wamasiye wa Purezidenti wakale wa Michael Sata , yemwe anamwalira muofesi pa Okutobala 28, 2014. Kaseba adachita bwino popanda cholinga kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia mu chisankho chapadera cha Januware 2015 kuti alowe m'malo mwa mwamuna wake.  Adasankhidwa kukhala kazembe waku Zambia ku France pa Epulo 16, 2018.</text>
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      <text bytes="524" xml:space="preserve">'''Christine Kaseba''' ndi sing'anga wa ku [[Zambia]] , [[dokotala wa opareshoni]] komanso wandale yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati Mkazi Woyamba wa [[Zambia]] kuyambira Seputembara 2011 mpaka Okutobala 2014. Ndi mayi wamasiye wa Purezidenti wakale wa Michael Sata , yemwe anamwalira muofesi pa Okutobala 28, 2014. Kaseba adachita bwino popanda cholinga kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia mu chisankho chapadera cha Januware 2015 kuti alowe m'malo mwa mwamuna wake.  Adasankhidwa kukhala kazembe waku Zambia ku France pa Epulo 16, 2018.</text>
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      <text bytes="528" xml:space="preserve">'''Christine Kaseba''' ndi sing'anga wa ku [[Zambia]] , [[dokotala wa opareshoni]] komanso wandale yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati Mkazi Woyamba wa [[Zambia]] kuyambira Seputembara 2011 mpaka Okutobala 2014. Ndi mayi wamasiye wa Purezidenti wakale wa [[Michael Sata]] , yemwe anamwalira muofesi pa Okutobala 28, 2014. Kaseba adachita bwino popanda cholinga kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia mu chisankho chapadera cha Januware 2015 kuti alowe m'malo mwa mwamuna wake.  Adasankhidwa kukhala kazembe waku Zambia ku France pa Epulo 16, 2018.</text>
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      <text bytes="532" xml:space="preserve">'''Christine Kaseba''' ndi sing'anga wa ku [[Zambia]] , [[dokotala wa opareshoni]] komanso wandale yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati Mkazi Woyamba wa [[Zambia]] kuyambira Seputembara 2011 mpaka Okutobala 2014. Ndi mayi wamasiye wa Purezidenti wakale wa [[Michael Sata]] , yemwe anamwalira muofesi pa Okutobala 28, 2014. Kaseba adachita bwino popanda cholinga kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia mu chisankho chapadera cha Januware 2015 kuti alowe m'malo mwa mwamuna wake.  Adasankhidwa kukhala kazembe waku Zambia ku [[France]] pa Epulo 16, 2018.</text>
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      <text bytes="401" xml:space="preserve">[[File:President Ronald Reagan meeting with Prime Minister Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe (cropped).jpg|thumb]]
'''Robert Mugabe Gabriel''' ( / mamita ʊ ɡ ɑː b ine / ;  &lt;small&gt;[[Shona]]:  &lt;/small&gt;[muɡaɓe] 21 February 1924 - 6 September 2019) anali [[Zimbabwe]] chosintha ndi wandale amene anali nduna yaikulu ya Zimbabwe kuchokera 1980 mpaka 1987 kenako monga Pulezidenti kuchokera 1987 mpaka 2017.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48578</id>
      <parentid>48577</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:37:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="405" xml:space="preserve">[[File:President Ronald Reagan meeting with Prime Minister Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe (cropped).jpg|thumb]]
'''Robert Mugabe Gabriel''' ( / [[mamita]] ʊ ɡ ɑː b ine / ;  &lt;small&gt;[[Shona]]:  &lt;/small&gt;[muɡaɓe] 21 February 1924 - 6 September 2019) anali [[Zimbabwe]] chosintha ndi wandale amene anali nduna yaikulu ya Zimbabwe kuchokera 1980 mpaka 1987 kenako monga Pulezidenti kuchokera 1987 mpaka 2017.</text>
      <sha1>d31c1ox8nxq6d3nl4da9syveukdpmkl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48579</id>
      <parentid>48578</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:37:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="418" xml:space="preserve">[[File:President Ronald Reagan meeting with Prime Minister Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe (cropped).jpg|thumb]]
'''Robert Mugabe Gabriel''' ( / [[mamita]] ʊ ɡ ɑː b ine / ;  &lt;small&gt;[[Shona]]:  &lt;/small&gt;[&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[muɡaɓe]]] 21 February 1924 - 6 September 2019) anali [[Zimbabwe]] chosintha ndi wandale amene anali nduna yaikulu ya Zimbabwe kuchokera 1980 mpaka 1987 kenako monga Pulezidenti kuchokera 1987 mpaka 2017.</text>
      <sha1>0zk11dldbhj2wio12u0zdorpk9fv0zr</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe Rhodesia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5730</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48525</id>
      <parentid>32922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:18:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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== Purezidenti wa [[Zimbabwe]] Rhodesia (1979) ==

; Magulu

 United Nations National Council
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;Ayi.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Dzina
(Kubadwa-Imfa)
!Zithunzi
!Adatenga ofesi
!Ofesi yakumanzere
!Chipani chandale
|-
!1
|[[Yosiya Ziyoni Gumede]](1919-1989)
|
|1 Juni 1979
|12 Disembala 1979
|United Nations National Council
|}

== Onaninso ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48526</id>
      <parentid>48525</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:18:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="353" xml:space="preserve">
== Purezidenti wa [[Zimbabwe]] Rhodesia (1979) ==

; Magulu

 United Nations National Council
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;Ayi.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Dzina
(Kubadwa-Imfa)
!Zithunzi
!Adatenga ofesi
!Ofesi yakumanzere
!Chipani chandale
|-
!1
|[[Yosiya Ziyoni Gumede]](1919-1989)
|
|1 Juni 1979
|12 Disembala 1979
|[[United Nations National Council]]
|}

== Onaninso ==</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48527</id>
      <parentid>48526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:18:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="357" xml:space="preserve">
== [[Purezidenti]] wa [[Zimbabwe]] Rhodesia (1979) ==

; Magulu

 United Nations National Council
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;Ayi.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Dzina
(Kubadwa-Imfa)
!Zithunzi
!Adatenga ofesi
!Ofesi yakumanzere
!Chipani chandale
|-
!1
|[[Yosiya Ziyoni Gumede]](1919-1989)
|
|1 Juni 1979
|12 Disembala 1979
|[[United Nations National Council]]
|}

== Onaninso ==</text>
      <sha1>ocpjv8rkv8ofytwnu1awd5xw47xum8j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48528</id>
      <parentid>48527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:19:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="361" xml:space="preserve">
== [[Purezidenti]] wa [[Zimbabwe]] Rhodesia (1979) ==

; Magulu

 [[United Nations National Council]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!&lt;abbr&gt;Ayi.&lt;/abbr&gt;
!Dzina
(Kubadwa-Imfa)
!Zithunzi
!Adatenga ofesi
!Ofesi yakumanzere
!Chipani chandale
|-
!1
|[[Yosiya Ziyoni Gumede]](1919-1989)
|
|1 Juni 1979
|12 Disembala 1979
|[[United Nations National Council]]
|}

== Onaninso ==</text>
      <sha1>f7mqdkfydrhbvxg5emokzb7s2tvj9h5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>John Nkomo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5735</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48602</id>
      <parentid>32928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:02:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="293" xml:space="preserve">'''John Landa Nkomo''' (22 Ogasiti 1934 - 17 Januware 2013) anali wandale ku [[Zimbabwe]] yemwe adakhala Deputy President wa [[Zimbabwe]] kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2013. Atakhala zaka zambiri m'boma ku Zimbabwe, anali Spika wanyumba yamalamulo kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2008. Kenako adasankhidwa kukhala</text>
      <sha1>91ojv1eys4onhk8l42tlcm8t2ls45l7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2021–22 Leicester City F.C. season</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6477</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48591</id>
      <parentid>34407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:47:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="1164" xml:space="preserve">Nyengo ya 2021-22 izikhala nyengo ya 117th kukhalapo kwa [[Leicester City F.C.]] ndi nyengo yachisanu ndi chitatu yotsatizana mu kilabu yampikisano wampikisano wachingelezi. Kuphatikiza pa ligi yapadziko lonse, [[Leicester City]] itenga nawo gawo pamasewera a FA Cup, EFL Cup ndi [[UEFA Europa League]]. 

==Mpikisano==
===Chidule===
{{Fb overview2|c=5|a4=0|f3=0|a3=0|c4=[[2021 FA Community Shield|FA Community Shield]]|dm4=7 August 2021|sr4=Final|fp4=|w4=0|d4=0|l4=0|f4=0|c5=[[2021–22 UEFA Europa League|UEFA Europa League]]|d3=0|fm5=16 September 2021|lm5=|sr5=Group stage|fp5=|w5=0|d5=0|l5=0|f5=0|a5=0|u=7 August 2021|l3=0|w3=0|c1=[[2021–22 Premier League|Premier League]]|fm2=TBD|fm1=August 2021|lm1=21 May 2022|sr1=Matchday 1|fp1=|w1=0|d1=0|l1=0|f1=0|a1=0|c2=[[2021–22 FA Cup|FA Cup]]|lm2=|fp3=|sr2=Third round|fp2=|w2=0|d2=0|l2=0|f2=0|a2=0|c3=[[2021–22 EFL Cup|EFL Cup]]|fm3=TBD|lm3=|sr3=Third round|s=[https://us.soccerway.com/teams/england/leicester-city-fc/682/ Soccerway]}}

=== Premier League ===
{{main|2021–22 Premier League}}

==== League table ====
{{:2021–22 Premier League|showteam=LEI}}

[[Category:2021-22 Leicester City F.C. Season]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48592</id>
      <parentid>48591</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:48:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="1168" xml:space="preserve">Nyengo ya 2021-22 izikhala nyengo ya 117th kukhalapo kwa [[Leicester City F.C.]] ndi nyengo yachisanu ndi chitatu yotsatizana mu kilabu yampikisano wampikisano wachingelezi. Kuphatikiza pa ligi yapadziko lonse, [[Leicester City]] itenga nawo gawo pamasewera a FA Cup, [[EFL Cup]] ndi [[UEFA Europa League]]. 

==Mpikisano==
===Chidule===
{{Fb overview2|c=5|a4=0|f3=0|a3=0|c4=[[2021 FA Community Shield|FA Community Shield]]|dm4=7 August 2021|sr4=Final|fp4=|w4=0|d4=0|l4=0|f4=0|c5=[[2021–22 UEFA Europa League|UEFA Europa League]]|d3=0|fm5=16 September 2021|lm5=|sr5=Group stage|fp5=|w5=0|d5=0|l5=0|f5=0|a5=0|u=7 August 2021|l3=0|w3=0|c1=[[2021–22 Premier League|Premier League]]|fm2=TBD|fm1=August 2021|lm1=21 May 2022|sr1=Matchday 1|fp1=|w1=0|d1=0|l1=0|f1=0|a1=0|c2=[[2021–22 FA Cup|FA Cup]]|lm2=|fp3=|sr2=Third round|fp2=|w2=0|d2=0|l2=0|f2=0|a2=0|c3=[[2021–22 EFL Cup|EFL Cup]]|fm3=TBD|lm3=|sr3=Third round|s=[https://us.soccerway.com/teams/england/leicester-city-fc/682/ Soccerway]}}

=== Premier League ===
{{main|2021–22 Premier League}}

==== League table ====
{{:2021–22 Premier League|showteam=LEI}}

[[Category:2021-22 Leicester City F.C. Season]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Priscilla Horton</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6856</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48660</id>
      <parentid>43814</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:25:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="720" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Priscilla_Horton_(Mrs._German_Reed)_as_Ariel.jpg|right|thumb|Horton ngati Ariel mu &quot;[[Mkuntho]]&quot;, 1838]]
'''Priscilla Horton''', pambuyo pake [[Priscilla German Reed]] (2 Januware 1818 - 18 Marichi 1895), anali woyimba komanso wochita masewera wachingerezi, wodziwika ndi udindo wake ngati Ariel mu [[W. C. Macready]] wopanga [[The Tempest]] mu 1838 ndi &quot;fairy&quot; burlesque ku Covent Garden Theatre. Pambuyo pake, adadziwika, limodzi ndi amuna awo, a Thomas German Reed, pakukhazikitsa ndikuchita nawo zokomera mabanja a Reed Entertainments. Kumeneko, anali wothandizira [[W. S. Gilbert]], ndipo machitidwe ake adalimbikitsa Gilbert kuti apange maudindo ena otchuka.
[[Category:Imfa 1895]]
[[Category:1818 kubadwa]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48661</id>
      <parentid>48660</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:26:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="724" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Priscilla_Horton_(Mrs._German_Reed)_as_Ariel.jpg|right|thumb|Horton ngati Ariel mu &quot;[[Mkuntho]]&quot;, 1838]]
'''Priscilla Horton''', pambuyo pake [[Priscilla German Reed]] (2 Januware 1818 - 18 Marichi 1895), anali woyimba komanso wochita masewera wachingerezi, wodziwika ndi udindo wake ngati [[Ariel]] mu [[W. C. Macready]] wopanga [[The Tempest]] mu 1838 ndi &quot;fairy&quot; burlesque ku Covent Garden Theatre. Pambuyo pake, adadziwika, limodzi ndi amuna awo, a Thomas German Reed, pakukhazikitsa ndikuchita nawo zokomera mabanja a Reed Entertainments. Kumeneko, anali wothandizira [[W. S. Gilbert]], ndipo machitidwe ake adalimbikitsa Gilbert kuti apange maudindo ena otchuka.
[[Category:Imfa 1895]]
[[Category:1818 kubadwa]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48662</id>
      <parentid>48661</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:26:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="728" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Priscilla_Horton_(Mrs._German_Reed)_as_Ariel.jpg|right|thumb|Horton ngati Ariel mu &quot;[[Mkuntho]]&quot;, 1838]]
'''Priscilla Horton''', pambuyo pake [[Priscilla German Reed]] (2 Januware 1818 - 18 Marichi 1895), anali woyimba komanso wochita masewera wachingerezi, wodziwika ndi udindo wake ngati [[Ariel]] mu [[W. C. Macready]] wopanga [[The Tempest]] mu 1838 ndi &quot;fairy&quot; burlesque ku [[Covent Garden Theatre]]. Pambuyo pake, adadziwika, limodzi ndi amuna awo, a Thomas German Reed, pakukhazikitsa ndikuchita nawo zokomera mabanja a Reed Entertainments. Kumeneko, anali wothandizira [[W. S. Gilbert]], ndipo machitidwe ake adalimbikitsa Gilbert kuti apange maudindo ena otchuka.
[[Category:Imfa 1895]]
[[Category:1818 kubadwa]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48663</id>
      <parentid>48662</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:26:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="732" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Priscilla_Horton_(Mrs._German_Reed)_as_Ariel.jpg|right|thumb|Horton ngati Ariel mu &quot;[[Mkuntho]]&quot;, 1838]]
'''Priscilla Horton''', pambuyo pake [[Priscilla German Reed]] (2 Januware 1818 - 18 Marichi 1895), anali woyimba komanso wochita masewera wachingerezi, wodziwika ndi udindo wake ngati [[Ariel]] mu [[W. C. Macready]] wopanga [[The Tempest]] mu 1838 ndi &quot;fairy&quot; burlesque ku [[Covent Garden Theatre]]. Pambuyo pake, adadziwika, limodzi ndi amuna awo, a Thomas German Reed, pakukhazikitsa ndikuchita nawo zokomera mabanja a [[Reed Entertainments]]. Kumeneko, anali wothandizira [[W. S. Gilbert]], ndipo machitidwe ake adalimbikitsa Gilbert kuti apange maudindo ena otchuka.
[[Category:Imfa 1895]]
[[Category:1818 kubadwa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48664</id>
      <parentid>48663</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:26:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="736" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Priscilla_Horton_(Mrs._German_Reed)_as_Ariel.jpg|right|thumb|Horton ngati Ariel mu &quot;[[Mkuntho]]&quot;, 1838]]
'''Priscilla Horton''', pambuyo pake [[Priscilla German Reed]] (2 Januware 1818 - 18 Marichi 1895), anali woyimba komanso wochita masewera wachingerezi, wodziwika ndi udindo wake ngati [[Ariel]] mu [[W. C. Macready]] wopanga [[The Tempest]] mu 1838 ndi &quot;fairy&quot; burlesque ku [[Covent Garden Theatre]]. Pambuyo pake, adadziwika, limodzi ndi amuna awo, a Thomas German Reed, pakukhazikitsa ndikuchita nawo zokomera mabanja a [[Reed Entertainments]]. Kumeneko, anali wothandizira [[W. S. Gilbert]], ndipo machitidwe ake adalimbikitsa [[Gilbert]] kuti apange maudindo ena otchuka.
[[Category:Imfa 1895]]
[[Category:1818 kubadwa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48665</id>
      <parentid>48664</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:27:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="740" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Priscilla_Horton_(Mrs._German_Reed)_as_Ariel.jpg|right|thumb|Horton ngati Ariel mu &quot;[[Mkuntho]]&quot;, 1838]]
'''Priscilla Horton''', pambuyo pake [[Priscilla German Reed]] (2 Januware 1818 - 18 Marichi 1895), anali woyimba komanso wochita masewera wachingerezi, wodziwika ndi udindo wake ngati [[Ariel]] mu [[W. C. Macready]] wopanga [[The Tempest]] mu 1838 ndi &quot;fairy&quot; burlesque ku [[Covent Garden Theatre]]. Pambuyo pake, adadziwika, limodzi ndi amuna awo, a [[Thomas German Reed]], pakukhazikitsa ndikuchita nawo zokomera mabanja a [[Reed Entertainments]]. Kumeneko, anali wothandizira [[W. S. Gilbert]], ndipo machitidwe ake adalimbikitsa [[Gilbert]] kuti apange maudindo ena otchuka.
[[Category:Imfa 1895]]
[[Category:1818 kubadwa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48666</id>
      <parentid>48665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:27:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="744" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Priscilla_Horton_(Mrs._German_Reed)_as_Ariel.jpg|right|thumb|Horton ngati Ariel mu &quot;[[Mkuntho]]&quot;, 1838]]
'''Priscilla Horton''', pambuyo pake [[Priscilla German Reed]] (2 Januware 1818 - 18 Marichi 1895), anali woyimba komanso wochita masewera wachingerezi, wodziwika ndi udindo wake ngati [[Ariel]] mu [[W. C. Macready]] wopanga [[The Tempest]] mu 1838 ndi &quot;fairy&quot; [[burlesque]] ku [[Covent Garden Theatre]]. Pambuyo pake, adadziwika, limodzi ndi amuna awo, a [[Thomas German Reed]], pakukhazikitsa ndikuchita nawo zokomera mabanja a [[Reed Entertainments]]. Kumeneko, anali wothandizira [[W. S. Gilbert]], ndipo machitidwe ake adalimbikitsa [[Gilbert]] kuti apange maudindo ena otchuka.
[[Category:Imfa 1895]]
[[Category:1818 kubadwa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>World Health Organization</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>48532</id>
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      <text bytes="6025" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World Health Organization Logo.svg|thumb|261x261px|Logo]]
'''World Health Organization''' (WHO) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku Geneva, Switzerland, ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa World Health Assembly (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène Publique, kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya WHO ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, World Health Report, limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku Geneva, Switzerland, ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa World Health Assembly (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène Publique, kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya WHO ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, World Health Report, limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku Geneva, [[Switzerland]], ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa World Health Assembly (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène Publique, kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya WHO ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, World Health Report, limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa World Health Assembly (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène Publique, kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya WHO ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, World Health Report, limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6041" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World Health Organization Logo.svg|thumb|261x261px|Logo]]
'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa World Health Assembly (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène Publique, kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya WHO ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, [[World Health Report]], limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6045" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World Health Organization Logo.svg|thumb|261x261px|Logo]]
'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa World Health Assembly (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène [[Publique]], kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya WHO ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, [[World Health Report]], limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa [[World Health Assembly]] (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène [[Publique]], kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya WHO ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, [[World Health Report]], limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa [[World Health Assembly]] (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène [[Publique]], kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya [[WHO]] ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, [[World Health Report]], limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6057" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World Health Organization Logo.svg|thumb|261x261px|Logo]]
'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa [[World Health Assembly]] (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène [[Publique]], kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya [[WHO]] ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, [[World Health Report]], limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, [[COVID-19]], malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="6061" xml:space="preserve">[[File:World Health Organization Logo.svg|thumb|261x261px|Logo]]
'''World Health Organization''' ([[WHO]]) ndi bungwe lapadera la [[United Nations]] lomwe limayang'anira [[Thanzi labwino|zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Constitution ya [[WHO]] ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga &quot;kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi&quot;. Yoyang'anira ku [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
[[File:World Health Organisation headquarters, Geneva, north and west sides.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Likulu la World Health Organisation, Geneva, kumpoto ndi kumadzulo.]]
WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;conwho&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Msonkhano woyamba wa [[World Health Assembly]] (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène [[Publique]], kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 243&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntchito ya [[WHO]] ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, [[World Health Report]], limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.

WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, [[COVID-19]], malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. [[World Health Assembly]], bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.

WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jan 242&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).&lt;ref name=&quot;gmassess&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==</text>
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu National Hockey League (NHL). Anasewera Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Pittsburgh Penguins, ndi Minnesota North Stars kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
[[Category:1932 Kubadwa]]
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Pittsburgh Penguins, ndi Minnesota North Stars kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera T[[oronto Maple Leafs]], Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Pittsburgh Penguins, ndi Minnesota North Stars kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
[[Category:1932 Kubadwa]]
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera T[[oronto Maple Leafs]], [[Boston Bruins]], Detroit Red Wings, Pittsburgh Penguins, ndi Minnesota North Stars kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
[[Category:1932 Kubadwa]]
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera T[[oronto Maple Leafs]], [[Boston Bruins]], D[[etroit Red Wings]], Pittsburgh Penguins, ndi Minnesota North Stars kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
[[Category:1932 Kubadwa]]
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera T[[oronto Maple Leafs]], [[Boston Bruins]], D[[etroit Red Wings]], [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], ndi Minnesota North Stars kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
[[Category:1932 Kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera T[[oronto Maple Leafs]], [[Boston Bruins]], D[[etroit Red Wings]], [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], ndi [[Minnesota|Minnesota North Stars]] kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera T[[oronto Maple Leafs]], [[Boston Bruins]], D[[etroit Red Wings]], [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], ndi [[Minnesota|Minnesota North Stars]] kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera T[[oronto Maple Leafs]], [[Boston Bruins]], D[[etroit Red Wings]], [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], ndi [[Minnesota|Minnesota North Stars]] kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
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'''Leo Joseph Boivin''' (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku [[hockey]] waku [[Canada]] komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Anasewera T[[oronto Maple Leafs]], [[Boston Bruins]], D[[etroit Red Wings]], [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], ndi [[Minnesota|Minnesota North Stars]] kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
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    <title>Elizabeth L. Gardner</title>
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      <text bytes="8349" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku America komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa Martin B-26 Marauder.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a WASP adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku Rockford, Illinois, mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8353" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa Women Airforce Service Pilots ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku America komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa Martin B-26 Marauder.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a WASP adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku Rockford, Illinois, mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8357" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku America komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa Martin B-26 Marauder.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a WASP adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku Rockford, Illinois, mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8361" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa Martin B-26 Marauder.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a WASP adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku Rockford, Illinois, mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8365" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a WASP adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku Rockford, Illinois, mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8371" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku Rockford, Illinois, mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8375" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku Rockford, [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <id>48648</id>
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      <text bytes="8379" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8383" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8387" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, Texas, ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8391" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8395" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku [[Dodge City]], Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8399" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku [[Dodge City]], Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku [[Piper Aircraft Corporation]] ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8403" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku [[Dodge City]], Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku [[Piper Aircraft Corporation]] ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku [[Ohio]] a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <id>48655</id>
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        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="8407" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku [[Dodge City]], Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku [[Piper Aircraft Corporation]] ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku [[Ohio]] a [[Jenny Roesel Ustick]] ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8411" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa [[Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse]] yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku [[Dodge City]], Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku [[Piper Aircraft Corporation]] ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku [[Ohio]] a [[Jenny Roesel Ustick]] ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8415" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa [[Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse]] yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa [[Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets]], yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku [[Dodge City]], Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku [[Piper Aircraft Corporation]] ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku [[Ohio]] a [[Jenny Roesel Ustick]] ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8419" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa [[Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse]] yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa [[Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets]], yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku [[Dodge City]], Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku [[Piper Aircraft Corporation]] ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. [[Rockford]], Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku [[Ohio]] a [[Jenny Roesel Ustick]] ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="8423" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Elizabeth ku Harlingen Army Airfield, [[Texas]], ca. 1930–1975]]
'''Elizabeth L. Gardner''' (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku [[America]] pa [[Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse]] yemwe anali membala wa [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] ([[WASP]]). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku [[America]] komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa [[Martin B-26 Marauder]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a '''WASP''' adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.

== Moyo woyambirira ndi banja ==
Gardner anabadwira ku [[Rockford]], [[Illinois]], mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mason 2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|title=Muralists rediscover female Rockford pilot history nearly forgot|last=Mason|first=Derrick|date=May 18, 2019|newspaper=[[Rockford Register Star]]|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/78frRHYIp?url=https://www.rrstar.com/news/20190518/muralists-rediscover-female-rockford-pilot-history-nearly-forgot|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner &quot;anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa [[Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets]], yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima&quot;. Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku [[National Archives]]. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Omnibus2&quot;&gt;See {{cite book|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|title=Women Airforce Service Pilots UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES PROGRAM|first1=Michael|last1=Ray|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Women-Airforce-Service-Pilots|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite news|url=https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|work=Plane &amp; Pilot|title=Plane Facts: Women In Aviation|author=Plane &amp; Pilot|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181021/https://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/plane-facts-women-aviation/|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}; {{cite web|url=https://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|title=The Sky Was No Limit: The WASP Women Pilots of WWII|first1=Jake|last1=Rossen|work=[[Mental Floss]]|date=April 18, 2018|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602151212/http://mentalfloss.com/article/535815/wasp-women-pilots-wwii|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}; and {{cite news|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|title=Women members of the Navy, Army explain what their service means to them|first1=James|last1=Fanelli|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181020/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/women-navy-army-explain-service-means-article-1.3611013|archive-date=May 23, 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gardner adakwera ndege za [[Martin B-26 Marauder]], kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku [[Dodge City]], Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bohn 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Bohn|first=Kevin|title=Unsung World War II heroes finally get their due|publisher=CNN|date=May 22, 2009|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701001540/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/22/woman.pilots/index.html|archive-date=July 1, 2009|url-status=live|access-date=May 25, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa ==
Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku [[Piper Aircraft Corporation]] ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za [[William T. Piper]].

Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEkEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA30|work=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=January 7, 1946|title=Parachute Test|pages=30–31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. [[Rockford]], Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku [[Ohio]] a [[Jenny Roesel Ustick]] ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYTimes.com 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paid Notice: Deaths GARDNER, ELIZABETH (LIBBY)|website=NYTimes.com|date=January 6, 2012|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527035113/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9800EFDC123AF935A35752C0A9649D8B63.html|archive-date=May 27, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=May 27, 2019|quote=...WASP aviator during WWII, brave and caring social justice activist, writer, computer programmer, autodidact with a vast range of curiosities and pursuits.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1921 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2011 imfa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nthawi yankhondo ku Donbas (2022)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7021</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48543</id>
      <parentid>44963</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:24:16Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="7859" xml:space="preserve">Iyi ndi nthawi [[Nkhondo ku Donbas|yankhondo ku Donbas]] ya chaka cha 2022.

==Januwale==
{{See also|2021-2022 Mavuto aku Russia-Ukraine}}
* 1 Januwale: Lamulo &quot;Pamaziko a kukana dziko&quot; linayamba kugwira ntchito ku [[Ukraine]]. Inakhazikitsa njira zingapo zokhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa anthu wamba ndi kutsutsa pankhani ya chiwawa chakunja. Udindo wotsogola wa gululi udzachitidwa ndi mkulu wa Special Operations Forces. Msirikali waku Ukraine, yemwe adavulala pa Disembala 27, 2021, adamwalira ndi mabala pachipatala chankhondo ku Kharkiv.

* 8 Januwale: Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces linanena zophwanya malamulo asanu ndi limodzi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, imodzi mwazo ndege zosaloledwa za drone pamalo aku Ukraine. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kum'mawa kwa ntchito, Pisky adakhala chandamale chamfuti za anti-tank recoilless 73 mm ndi matope a 82 mm. Novomykhailivka adawomberedwa ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 82 mm. Asilikali aku Ukraine ku Bohdanivka adazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Stanytsia Luhanska adagundidwa ndi mabomba a VOG-17 omwe adathamangitsidwa kuchokera ku pro-Russian drone. Moto wa zida zazing'ono unanenedwa ku Krymske.
* 10 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces adalemba ziwonetsero ziwiri zaku Russia pamalo awo, onse awiri kudera la Pisky, chakum'mawa. Ankhondo awiri aku Ukraine amwalira pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa mabomba okwirira ali pamishoni mkati mwa malo otetezedwa. Pisky adalandira moto kuchokera ku zida zazing'ono, mfuti zazikulu zokulirapo komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless.
* 11 Januware: Msirikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine adaphedwa pomwe akulimbana ndi asitikali aku Russia. Kuukira kumodzi kwa asitikali aku Russia kwa asitikali aku Ukraine kudanenedwa ndi atolankhani a Gulu Lophatikizana la Chiyukireniya, pomwe ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Novotoshkivke, kumpoto kwa ntchito, adagwidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zazikulu.
* 12 Januware: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo atatu ovomerezeka ndi Russia; msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchitoyo, Prichepilivka adakhala chandamale cha oponya ma roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi mfuti za 73 mm zolimbana ndi akasinja kaŵiri. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma volleys amatope 120 mm anatera ku Novozvanivka. Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku mzinda wa Donetsk adanenanso zophwanya zisanu ndi ziwiri za Chiyukireniya za kutha kwa nkhondo, pamene asilikali awo ku Vesele, Horlivka, Novolaspa ndi Pikuzy adawotchedwa ndi zida zazing'ono ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba. M'gawo la dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic, midzi ya Molodezhne, Kalinivka, Kalynove ndi Holubivske inkayang'aniridwa ndi zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera, makina osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba ndi matope a 82 mm.
* 13 Januware: Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuukira katatu kwa Chiyukireniya pamalo awo tsiku lonse. Midzi ya Donetskii ndi Molodezhne inalandira zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zowombera mabomba ndi ma volleys 120 mm. Magalimoto okhala ndi zida za ku Ukraine a BMP-2 ochokera ku Krymske, mothandizidwa ndi matope a 120 mm, adachitapo kanthu ndi zotsutsa zaku Russia ku Zholobok. Kufupi ndi Krasnyi Yar kudakhala chandamale cha zida zazing'ono komanso zowombera ma grenade.

* 14 Januware: Akuluakulu a ku Donetsk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuphwanya kwa 20 ku Ukraine kwa kuthetsa nkhondo mkati mwa sabata yatha. Malinga ndi mneneri wa DNR, Eduard Basurin, gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine limagwiritsa ntchito zida zing’onozing’ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsira mabomba komanso matope okwana 82 mm. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti asitikali aku Ukraine ochokera ku Novotoshkivke adawombera matope okwana 82 mm kumadera ogwirizana ndi Russia ku Donetskii; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asitikali ogwirizana ndi Russia adabweza moto, ndikuti adapha msilikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine ndikuvulaza ena awiri. Magwero omwewo ananena kuti gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine linaphwanya lamulo loleka kumenyanako maulendo 18 m’sabata yapitayi; Zolote-5, Donetskii, Kalinove, Molodezhne, Lozove, Kalinivka, Zholobok, Sokolniki ndi Krasny Yar adagonjetsedwa. [gwero losadalirika] Akuluakulu ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe adadzitcha okha adati Chiyukireniya sichinalowereredwe ndikugwetsedwa ndi Lohvynove ndi zida zamagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangidwa ndi &quot;Triton-M1&quot;.
* 22 Januware: Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces linanena zophwanya malamulo anayi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, onse ali kum'mawa kwa ntchito. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Mudzi wa Maisk udaphulitsidwa kawiri ndi zida zowombera ma grenade. Vodiane adakhala chandamale cha oyambitsa roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi matope a 82 mm; Pambuyo pake masana, ndege ya pro-Russian idayambitsa kuwombera malo aku Ukraine powombera roketi ya VOG-17. Akuluakulu a boma la Luhansk People's Republic adadzudzula kuti msilikali wochirikiza dziko la Russia &quot;anagwidwa&quot; ndi asilikali a ku Ukraine pamene akuyang'ana zochitika zokayikitsa m'dera lamatabwa pafupi ndi Svitlodarsk.
* 23 Januware: Malinga ndi atolankhani aku Ukraine Joint Forces, asitikali a pro-Russian adayambitsa ziwopsezo khumi pamalo awo pamzere wodulira. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, malo achitetezo a Vodiane adakhudzidwa ndi moto wophatikizana wa matope a 82 mm ndi 120 mm, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi. Ku Prichepilivka, malo aku Ukraine adagwedezeka ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina ndi ma roketi odana ndi akasinja. Kumpoto chakumpoto, Novozvanivka adagundidwa ndi zida za 122 mm, pomwe anthu aku Ukraine omwe adakayikiranso ku Popasna adakhala chandamale cha mfuti zokulirapo, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 120 mm. Asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Katerinivka adazunzidwa ndi moto wa zida zazing'ono ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi.
* 25 Januwale: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo asanu ogwirizana ndi Russia; Asilikali awiri a ku Ukraine anavulazidwa, mmodzi wa iwo anavulala kwambiri. Asilikali aku Ukraine adabweza moto. Zochitika zonse zidachitika kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchito. Ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Pyshchevik adakhudzidwa ndi kugunda kwa drone ndi roketi za VOG-17. Avdiivka adalandira moto kuchokera kumfuti zolemera kwambiri komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless. Marinka anamenyedwa ndi zida zazing'ono zowombera ndi zida zankhondo, pamene asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Shyrokyne anazunzidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zolemera kwambiri. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Donetsk People's Republic adalemba zigawenga zisanu ndi ziwiri zaku Ukraine pa maudindo awo. Asilikali aku Ukraine adawombera zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsa mabomba ku Hornyak, Spartak, Trudivske, Novoshirokivske ndi Starohnativka. 
* 27 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces anena zophwanya ziwiri zotsutsana ndi Russia pakuyimitsa moto. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Marinka anazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, asitikali aku Ukraine amalimbana ndi kuyesa kwa a Russia kuti alowe gulu lankhondo lapadera kudzera pamzere wodulira malire. Magwero ochokera ku gulu lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti mudzi wa Veselohorivka udalandira mfuti ya 73 mm antitank recoilless mfuti komanso kuwombera kwakukulu kuchokera ku malo aku Ukraine ku Troitske; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asilikali a pro-Russian adawombera.

==Febuluwale==</text>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:24:27Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="7863" xml:space="preserve">Iyi ndi nthawi [[Nkhondo ku Donbas|yankhondo ku Donbas]] ya chaka cha 2022.

==Januwale==
{{See also|2021-2022 Mavuto aku Russia-Ukraine}}
* 1 Januwale: Lamulo &quot;Pamaziko a kukana dziko&quot; linayamba kugwira ntchito ku [[Ukraine]]. Inakhazikitsa njira zingapo zokhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa anthu wamba ndi kutsutsa pankhani ya chiwawa chakunja. Udindo wotsogola wa gululi udzachitidwa ndi mkulu wa [[Special Operations Forces]]. Msirikali waku Ukraine, yemwe adavulala pa Disembala 27, 2021, adamwalira ndi mabala pachipatala chankhondo ku Kharkiv.

* 8 Januwale: Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces linanena zophwanya malamulo asanu ndi limodzi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, imodzi mwazo ndege zosaloledwa za drone pamalo aku Ukraine. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kum'mawa kwa ntchito, Pisky adakhala chandamale chamfuti za anti-tank recoilless 73 mm ndi matope a 82 mm. Novomykhailivka adawomberedwa ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 82 mm. Asilikali aku Ukraine ku Bohdanivka adazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Stanytsia Luhanska adagundidwa ndi mabomba a VOG-17 omwe adathamangitsidwa kuchokera ku pro-Russian drone. Moto wa zida zazing'ono unanenedwa ku Krymske.
* 10 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces adalemba ziwonetsero ziwiri zaku Russia pamalo awo, onse awiri kudera la Pisky, chakum'mawa. Ankhondo awiri aku Ukraine amwalira pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa mabomba okwirira ali pamishoni mkati mwa malo otetezedwa. Pisky adalandira moto kuchokera ku zida zazing'ono, mfuti zazikulu zokulirapo komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless.
* 11 Januware: Msirikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine adaphedwa pomwe akulimbana ndi asitikali aku Russia. Kuukira kumodzi kwa asitikali aku Russia kwa asitikali aku Ukraine kudanenedwa ndi atolankhani a Gulu Lophatikizana la Chiyukireniya, pomwe ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Novotoshkivke, kumpoto kwa ntchito, adagwidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zazikulu.
* 12 Januware: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo atatu ovomerezeka ndi Russia; msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchitoyo, Prichepilivka adakhala chandamale cha oponya ma roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi mfuti za 73 mm zolimbana ndi akasinja kaŵiri. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma volleys amatope 120 mm anatera ku Novozvanivka. Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku mzinda wa Donetsk adanenanso zophwanya zisanu ndi ziwiri za Chiyukireniya za kutha kwa nkhondo, pamene asilikali awo ku Vesele, Horlivka, Novolaspa ndi Pikuzy adawotchedwa ndi zida zazing'ono ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba. M'gawo la dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic, midzi ya Molodezhne, Kalinivka, Kalynove ndi Holubivske inkayang'aniridwa ndi zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera, makina osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba ndi matope a 82 mm.
* 13 Januware: Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuukira katatu kwa Chiyukireniya pamalo awo tsiku lonse. Midzi ya Donetskii ndi Molodezhne inalandira zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zowombera mabomba ndi ma volleys 120 mm. Magalimoto okhala ndi zida za ku Ukraine a BMP-2 ochokera ku Krymske, mothandizidwa ndi matope a 120 mm, adachitapo kanthu ndi zotsutsa zaku Russia ku Zholobok. Kufupi ndi Krasnyi Yar kudakhala chandamale cha zida zazing'ono komanso zowombera ma grenade.

* 14 Januware: Akuluakulu a ku Donetsk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuphwanya kwa 20 ku Ukraine kwa kuthetsa nkhondo mkati mwa sabata yatha. Malinga ndi mneneri wa DNR, Eduard Basurin, gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine limagwiritsa ntchito zida zing’onozing’ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsira mabomba komanso matope okwana 82 mm. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti asitikali aku Ukraine ochokera ku Novotoshkivke adawombera matope okwana 82 mm kumadera ogwirizana ndi Russia ku Donetskii; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asitikali ogwirizana ndi Russia adabweza moto, ndikuti adapha msilikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine ndikuvulaza ena awiri. Magwero omwewo ananena kuti gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine linaphwanya lamulo loleka kumenyanako maulendo 18 m’sabata yapitayi; Zolote-5, Donetskii, Kalinove, Molodezhne, Lozove, Kalinivka, Zholobok, Sokolniki ndi Krasny Yar adagonjetsedwa. [gwero losadalirika] Akuluakulu ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe adadzitcha okha adati Chiyukireniya sichinalowereredwe ndikugwetsedwa ndi Lohvynove ndi zida zamagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangidwa ndi &quot;Triton-M1&quot;.
* 22 Januware: Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces linanena zophwanya malamulo anayi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, onse ali kum'mawa kwa ntchito. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Mudzi wa Maisk udaphulitsidwa kawiri ndi zida zowombera ma grenade. Vodiane adakhala chandamale cha oyambitsa roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi matope a 82 mm; Pambuyo pake masana, ndege ya pro-Russian idayambitsa kuwombera malo aku Ukraine powombera roketi ya VOG-17. Akuluakulu a boma la Luhansk People's Republic adadzudzula kuti msilikali wochirikiza dziko la Russia &quot;anagwidwa&quot; ndi asilikali a ku Ukraine pamene akuyang'ana zochitika zokayikitsa m'dera lamatabwa pafupi ndi Svitlodarsk.
* 23 Januware: Malinga ndi atolankhani aku Ukraine Joint Forces, asitikali a pro-Russian adayambitsa ziwopsezo khumi pamalo awo pamzere wodulira. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, malo achitetezo a Vodiane adakhudzidwa ndi moto wophatikizana wa matope a 82 mm ndi 120 mm, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi. Ku Prichepilivka, malo aku Ukraine adagwedezeka ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina ndi ma roketi odana ndi akasinja. Kumpoto chakumpoto, Novozvanivka adagundidwa ndi zida za 122 mm, pomwe anthu aku Ukraine omwe adakayikiranso ku Popasna adakhala chandamale cha mfuti zokulirapo, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 120 mm. Asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Katerinivka adazunzidwa ndi moto wa zida zazing'ono ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi.
* 25 Januwale: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo asanu ogwirizana ndi Russia; Asilikali awiri a ku Ukraine anavulazidwa, mmodzi wa iwo anavulala kwambiri. Asilikali aku Ukraine adabweza moto. Zochitika zonse zidachitika kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchito. Ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Pyshchevik adakhudzidwa ndi kugunda kwa drone ndi roketi za VOG-17. Avdiivka adalandira moto kuchokera kumfuti zolemera kwambiri komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless. Marinka anamenyedwa ndi zida zazing'ono zowombera ndi zida zankhondo, pamene asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Shyrokyne anazunzidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zolemera kwambiri. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Donetsk People's Republic adalemba zigawenga zisanu ndi ziwiri zaku Ukraine pa maudindo awo. Asilikali aku Ukraine adawombera zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsa mabomba ku Hornyak, Spartak, Trudivske, Novoshirokivske ndi Starohnativka. 
* 27 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces anena zophwanya ziwiri zotsutsana ndi Russia pakuyimitsa moto. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Marinka anazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, asitikali aku Ukraine amalimbana ndi kuyesa kwa a Russia kuti alowe gulu lankhondo lapadera kudzera pamzere wodulira malire. Magwero ochokera ku gulu lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti mudzi wa Veselohorivka udalandira mfuti ya 73 mm antitank recoilless mfuti komanso kuwombera kwakukulu kuchokera ku malo aku Ukraine ku Troitske; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asilikali a pro-Russian adawombera.

==Febuluwale==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48545</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:24:47Z</timestamp>
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        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="7867" xml:space="preserve">Iyi ndi nthawi [[Nkhondo ku Donbas|yankhondo ku Donbas]] ya chaka cha 2022.

==Januwale==
{{See also|2021-2022 Mavuto aku Russia-Ukraine}}
* 1 Januwale: Lamulo &quot;Pamaziko a kukana dziko&quot; linayamba kugwira ntchito ku [[Ukraine]]. Inakhazikitsa njira zingapo zokhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa anthu wamba ndi kutsutsa pankhani ya chiwawa chakunja. Udindo wotsogola wa gululi udzachitidwa ndi mkulu wa [[Special Operations Forces]]. Msirikali waku Ukraine, yemwe adavulala pa Disembala 27, 2021, adamwalira ndi mabala pachipatala chankhondo ku Kharkiv.

* 8 Januwale: [[Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces]] linanena zophwanya malamulo asanu ndi limodzi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, imodzi mwazo ndege zosaloledwa za drone pamalo aku Ukraine. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kum'mawa kwa ntchito, Pisky adakhala chandamale chamfuti za anti-tank recoilless 73 mm ndi matope a 82 mm. Novomykhailivka adawomberedwa ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 82 mm. Asilikali aku Ukraine ku Bohdanivka adazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Stanytsia Luhanska adagundidwa ndi mabomba a VOG-17 omwe adathamangitsidwa kuchokera ku pro-Russian drone. Moto wa zida zazing'ono unanenedwa ku Krymske.
* 10 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces adalemba ziwonetsero ziwiri zaku Russia pamalo awo, onse awiri kudera la Pisky, chakum'mawa. Ankhondo awiri aku Ukraine amwalira pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa mabomba okwirira ali pamishoni mkati mwa malo otetezedwa. Pisky adalandira moto kuchokera ku zida zazing'ono, mfuti zazikulu zokulirapo komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless.
* 11 Januware: Msirikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine adaphedwa pomwe akulimbana ndi asitikali aku Russia. Kuukira kumodzi kwa asitikali aku Russia kwa asitikali aku Ukraine kudanenedwa ndi atolankhani a Gulu Lophatikizana la Chiyukireniya, pomwe ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Novotoshkivke, kumpoto kwa ntchito, adagwidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zazikulu.
* 12 Januware: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo atatu ovomerezeka ndi Russia; msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchitoyo, Prichepilivka adakhala chandamale cha oponya ma roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi mfuti za 73 mm zolimbana ndi akasinja kaŵiri. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma volleys amatope 120 mm anatera ku Novozvanivka. Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku mzinda wa Donetsk adanenanso zophwanya zisanu ndi ziwiri za Chiyukireniya za kutha kwa nkhondo, pamene asilikali awo ku Vesele, Horlivka, Novolaspa ndi Pikuzy adawotchedwa ndi zida zazing'ono ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba. M'gawo la dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic, midzi ya Molodezhne, Kalinivka, Kalynove ndi Holubivske inkayang'aniridwa ndi zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera, makina osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba ndi matope a 82 mm.
* 13 Januware: Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuukira katatu kwa Chiyukireniya pamalo awo tsiku lonse. Midzi ya Donetskii ndi Molodezhne inalandira zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zowombera mabomba ndi ma volleys 120 mm. Magalimoto okhala ndi zida za ku Ukraine a BMP-2 ochokera ku Krymske, mothandizidwa ndi matope a 120 mm, adachitapo kanthu ndi zotsutsa zaku Russia ku Zholobok. Kufupi ndi Krasnyi Yar kudakhala chandamale cha zida zazing'ono komanso zowombera ma grenade.

* 14 Januware: Akuluakulu a ku Donetsk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuphwanya kwa 20 ku Ukraine kwa kuthetsa nkhondo mkati mwa sabata yatha. Malinga ndi mneneri wa DNR, Eduard Basurin, gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine limagwiritsa ntchito zida zing’onozing’ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsira mabomba komanso matope okwana 82 mm. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti asitikali aku Ukraine ochokera ku Novotoshkivke adawombera matope okwana 82 mm kumadera ogwirizana ndi Russia ku Donetskii; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asitikali ogwirizana ndi Russia adabweza moto, ndikuti adapha msilikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine ndikuvulaza ena awiri. Magwero omwewo ananena kuti gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine linaphwanya lamulo loleka kumenyanako maulendo 18 m’sabata yapitayi; Zolote-5, Donetskii, Kalinove, Molodezhne, Lozove, Kalinivka, Zholobok, Sokolniki ndi Krasny Yar adagonjetsedwa. [gwero losadalirika] Akuluakulu ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe adadzitcha okha adati Chiyukireniya sichinalowereredwe ndikugwetsedwa ndi Lohvynove ndi zida zamagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangidwa ndi &quot;Triton-M1&quot;.
* 22 Januware: Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces linanena zophwanya malamulo anayi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, onse ali kum'mawa kwa ntchito. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Mudzi wa Maisk udaphulitsidwa kawiri ndi zida zowombera ma grenade. Vodiane adakhala chandamale cha oyambitsa roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi matope a 82 mm; Pambuyo pake masana, ndege ya pro-Russian idayambitsa kuwombera malo aku Ukraine powombera roketi ya VOG-17. Akuluakulu a boma la Luhansk People's Republic adadzudzula kuti msilikali wochirikiza dziko la Russia &quot;anagwidwa&quot; ndi asilikali a ku Ukraine pamene akuyang'ana zochitika zokayikitsa m'dera lamatabwa pafupi ndi Svitlodarsk.
* 23 Januware: Malinga ndi atolankhani aku Ukraine Joint Forces, asitikali a pro-Russian adayambitsa ziwopsezo khumi pamalo awo pamzere wodulira. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, malo achitetezo a Vodiane adakhudzidwa ndi moto wophatikizana wa matope a 82 mm ndi 120 mm, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi. Ku Prichepilivka, malo aku Ukraine adagwedezeka ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina ndi ma roketi odana ndi akasinja. Kumpoto chakumpoto, Novozvanivka adagundidwa ndi zida za 122 mm, pomwe anthu aku Ukraine omwe adakayikiranso ku Popasna adakhala chandamale cha mfuti zokulirapo, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 120 mm. Asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Katerinivka adazunzidwa ndi moto wa zida zazing'ono ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi.
* 25 Januwale: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo asanu ogwirizana ndi Russia; Asilikali awiri a ku Ukraine anavulazidwa, mmodzi wa iwo anavulala kwambiri. Asilikali aku Ukraine adabweza moto. Zochitika zonse zidachitika kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchito. Ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Pyshchevik adakhudzidwa ndi kugunda kwa drone ndi roketi za VOG-17. Avdiivka adalandira moto kuchokera kumfuti zolemera kwambiri komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless. Marinka anamenyedwa ndi zida zazing'ono zowombera ndi zida zankhondo, pamene asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Shyrokyne anazunzidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zolemera kwambiri. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Donetsk People's Republic adalemba zigawenga zisanu ndi ziwiri zaku Ukraine pa maudindo awo. Asilikali aku Ukraine adawombera zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsa mabomba ku Hornyak, Spartak, Trudivske, Novoshirokivske ndi Starohnativka. 
* 27 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces anena zophwanya ziwiri zotsutsana ndi Russia pakuyimitsa moto. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Marinka anazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, asitikali aku Ukraine amalimbana ndi kuyesa kwa a Russia kuti alowe gulu lankhondo lapadera kudzera pamzere wodulira malire. Magwero ochokera ku gulu lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti mudzi wa Veselohorivka udalandira mfuti ya 73 mm antitank recoilless mfuti komanso kuwombera kwakukulu kuchokera ku malo aku Ukraine ku Troitske; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asilikali a pro-Russian adawombera.

==Febuluwale==</text>
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      <text bytes="7871" xml:space="preserve">Iyi ndi nthawi [[Nkhondo ku Donbas|yankhondo ku Donbas]] ya chaka cha 2022.

==Januwale==
{{See also|2021-2022 Mavuto aku Russia-Ukraine}}
* 1 Januwale: Lamulo &quot;Pamaziko a kukana dziko&quot; linayamba kugwira ntchito ku [[Ukraine]]. Inakhazikitsa njira zingapo zokhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa anthu wamba ndi kutsutsa pankhani ya chiwawa chakunja. Udindo wotsogola wa gululi udzachitidwa ndi mkulu wa [[Special Operations Forces]]. Msirikali waku Ukraine, yemwe adavulala pa Disembala 27, 2021, adamwalira ndi mabala pachipatala chankhondo ku Kharkiv.

* 8 Januwale: [[Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces]] linanena zophwanya malamulo asanu ndi limodzi aku [[Russia]] oletsa kuyimitsa moto, imodzi mwazo ndege zosaloledwa za drone pamalo aku Ukraine. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kum'mawa kwa ntchito, Pisky adakhala chandamale chamfuti za anti-tank recoilless 73 mm ndi matope a 82 mm. Novomykhailivka adawomberedwa ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 82 mm. Asilikali aku Ukraine ku Bohdanivka adazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Stanytsia Luhanska adagundidwa ndi mabomba a VOG-17 omwe adathamangitsidwa kuchokera ku pro-Russian drone. Moto wa zida zazing'ono unanenedwa ku Krymske.
* 10 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces adalemba ziwonetsero ziwiri zaku Russia pamalo awo, onse awiri kudera la Pisky, chakum'mawa. Ankhondo awiri aku Ukraine amwalira pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa mabomba okwirira ali pamishoni mkati mwa malo otetezedwa. Pisky adalandira moto kuchokera ku zida zazing'ono, mfuti zazikulu zokulirapo komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless.
* 11 Januware: Msirikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine adaphedwa pomwe akulimbana ndi asitikali aku Russia. Kuukira kumodzi kwa asitikali aku Russia kwa asitikali aku Ukraine kudanenedwa ndi atolankhani a Gulu Lophatikizana la Chiyukireniya, pomwe ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Novotoshkivke, kumpoto kwa ntchito, adagwidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zazikulu.
* 12 Januware: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo atatu ovomerezeka ndi Russia; msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchitoyo, Prichepilivka adakhala chandamale cha oponya ma roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi mfuti za 73 mm zolimbana ndi akasinja kaŵiri. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma volleys amatope 120 mm anatera ku Novozvanivka. Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku mzinda wa Donetsk adanenanso zophwanya zisanu ndi ziwiri za Chiyukireniya za kutha kwa nkhondo, pamene asilikali awo ku Vesele, Horlivka, Novolaspa ndi Pikuzy adawotchedwa ndi zida zazing'ono ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba. M'gawo la dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic, midzi ya Molodezhne, Kalinivka, Kalynove ndi Holubivske inkayang'aniridwa ndi zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera, makina osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba ndi matope a 82 mm.
* 13 Januware: Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuukira katatu kwa Chiyukireniya pamalo awo tsiku lonse. Midzi ya Donetskii ndi Molodezhne inalandira zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zowombera mabomba ndi ma volleys 120 mm. Magalimoto okhala ndi zida za ku Ukraine a BMP-2 ochokera ku Krymske, mothandizidwa ndi matope a 120 mm, adachitapo kanthu ndi zotsutsa zaku Russia ku Zholobok. Kufupi ndi Krasnyi Yar kudakhala chandamale cha zida zazing'ono komanso zowombera ma grenade.

* 14 Januware: Akuluakulu a ku Donetsk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuphwanya kwa 20 ku Ukraine kwa kuthetsa nkhondo mkati mwa sabata yatha. Malinga ndi mneneri wa DNR, Eduard Basurin, gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine limagwiritsa ntchito zida zing’onozing’ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsira mabomba komanso matope okwana 82 mm. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti asitikali aku Ukraine ochokera ku Novotoshkivke adawombera matope okwana 82 mm kumadera ogwirizana ndi Russia ku Donetskii; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asitikali ogwirizana ndi Russia adabweza moto, ndikuti adapha msilikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine ndikuvulaza ena awiri. Magwero omwewo ananena kuti gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine linaphwanya lamulo loleka kumenyanako maulendo 18 m’sabata yapitayi; Zolote-5, Donetskii, Kalinove, Molodezhne, Lozove, Kalinivka, Zholobok, Sokolniki ndi Krasny Yar adagonjetsedwa. [gwero losadalirika] Akuluakulu ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe adadzitcha okha adati Chiyukireniya sichinalowereredwe ndikugwetsedwa ndi Lohvynove ndi zida zamagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangidwa ndi &quot;Triton-M1&quot;.
* 22 Januware: Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces linanena zophwanya malamulo anayi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, onse ali kum'mawa kwa ntchito. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Mudzi wa Maisk udaphulitsidwa kawiri ndi zida zowombera ma grenade. Vodiane adakhala chandamale cha oyambitsa roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi matope a 82 mm; Pambuyo pake masana, ndege ya pro-Russian idayambitsa kuwombera malo aku Ukraine powombera roketi ya VOG-17. Akuluakulu a boma la Luhansk People's Republic adadzudzula kuti msilikali wochirikiza dziko la Russia &quot;anagwidwa&quot; ndi asilikali a ku Ukraine pamene akuyang'ana zochitika zokayikitsa m'dera lamatabwa pafupi ndi Svitlodarsk.
* 23 Januware: Malinga ndi atolankhani aku Ukraine Joint Forces, asitikali a pro-Russian adayambitsa ziwopsezo khumi pamalo awo pamzere wodulira. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, malo achitetezo a Vodiane adakhudzidwa ndi moto wophatikizana wa matope a 82 mm ndi 120 mm, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi. Ku Prichepilivka, malo aku Ukraine adagwedezeka ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina ndi ma roketi odana ndi akasinja. Kumpoto chakumpoto, Novozvanivka adagundidwa ndi zida za 122 mm, pomwe anthu aku Ukraine omwe adakayikiranso ku Popasna adakhala chandamale cha mfuti zokulirapo, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 120 mm. Asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Katerinivka adazunzidwa ndi moto wa zida zazing'ono ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi.
* 25 Januwale: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo asanu ogwirizana ndi Russia; Asilikali awiri a ku Ukraine anavulazidwa, mmodzi wa iwo anavulala kwambiri. Asilikali aku Ukraine adabweza moto. Zochitika zonse zidachitika kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchito. Ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Pyshchevik adakhudzidwa ndi kugunda kwa drone ndi roketi za VOG-17. Avdiivka adalandira moto kuchokera kumfuti zolemera kwambiri komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless. Marinka anamenyedwa ndi zida zazing'ono zowombera ndi zida zankhondo, pamene asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Shyrokyne anazunzidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zolemera kwambiri. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Donetsk People's Republic adalemba zigawenga zisanu ndi ziwiri zaku Ukraine pa maudindo awo. Asilikali aku Ukraine adawombera zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsa mabomba ku Hornyak, Spartak, Trudivske, Novoshirokivske ndi Starohnativka. 
* 27 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces anena zophwanya ziwiri zotsutsana ndi Russia pakuyimitsa moto. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Marinka anazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, asitikali aku Ukraine amalimbana ndi kuyesa kwa a Russia kuti alowe gulu lankhondo lapadera kudzera pamzere wodulira malire. Magwero ochokera ku gulu lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti mudzi wa Veselohorivka udalandira mfuti ya 73 mm antitank recoilless mfuti komanso kuwombera kwakukulu kuchokera ku malo aku Ukraine ku Troitske; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asilikali a pro-Russian adawombera.

==Febuluwale==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isitala</title>
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      <text bytes="8736" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa Kalvare c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati Sabata Loyera, lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala Triduum kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;Pascha Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi Pentekosti, koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa equinox ya March.

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake (Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48633</id>
      <parentid>48632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
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      <text bytes="8740" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa [[Kalvare]] c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati Sabata Loyera, lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala Triduum kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;Pascha Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi Pentekosti, koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa equinox ya March.

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake (Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48634</id>
      <parentid>48633</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:17:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8744" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa [[Kalvare]] c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati Sabata Loyera, lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala [[Triduum]] kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;Pascha Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi Pentekosti, koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa equinox ya March.

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake (Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bkmtc4z8i12u7csqyjm4ywwd2ey9ixs</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>48635</id>
      <parentid>48634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:17:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="8748" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa [[Kalvare]] c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati Sabata Loyera, lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala [[Triduum]] kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;[[Pascha]] Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi Pentekosti, koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa equinox ya March.

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake (Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>khgnrnlsr0dz8as8l7yh3y6h0onft8d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48636</id>
      <parentid>48635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:18:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8752" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa [[Kalvare]] c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati Sabata Loyera, lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala [[Triduum]] kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;[[Pascha]] Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi [[Pentekosti]], koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa equinox ya March.

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake (Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48637</id>
      <parentid>48636</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:18:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="8756" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa [[Kalvare]] c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati Sabata Loyera, lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala [[Triduum]] kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;[[Pascha]] Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi [[Pentekosti]], koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa [[equinox ya March]].

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake (Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qhquo3kggar6m9f4h6jodyi8x2ny6ui</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48638</id>
      <parentid>48637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:18:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="8760" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa [[Kalvare]] c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati [[Sabata Loyera]], lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala [[Triduum]] kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;[[Pascha]] Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi [[Pentekosti]], koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa [[equinox ya March]].

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake (Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48639</id>
      <parentid>48638</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:19:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="8764" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa [[Kalvare]] c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati [[Sabata Loyera]], lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala [[Triduum]] kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;[[Pascha]] Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi [[Pentekosti]], koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa [[equinox ya March]].

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake [[(Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא]] pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48640</id>
      <parentid>48639</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-13T09:19:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
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      <text bytes="8768" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|362x362px|Chithunzi cha Kuuka kwa Akufa chosonyeza [[Yesu Kristu|Khristu]] atawononga zipata za Hade ndikuchotsa Adamu ndi Hava m'manda. Khristu wazunguliridwa ndi oyera mtima, ndipo Satana, yemwe amasonyezedwa ngati nkhalamba, amamangidwa ndi kumangidwa unyolo.]]
'''Isitala&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferguson2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Everett|title=Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xC9GAdUGX5sC&amp;pg=PA351|access-date=23 April 2014|year=2009|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0802827487|page=351|quote=The practices are usually interpreted in terms of baptism at the pasch (Easter), for which compare Tertullian, but the text does not specify this season, only that it was done on Sunday, and the instructions may apply to whenever the baptism was to be performed.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Etymology&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/europehistory00norm/page/201 201]|title=Europe: A History|author=Norman Davies|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|quote=In most European languages Easter is called by some variant of the late Latin word ''Pascha'', which in turn derives from the Hebrew ''pesach'', meaning ''passover''.|year=1998|isbn=978-0060974688}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GammanBindon2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Gamman|first1=Andrew|last2=Bindon|first2=Caroline|title=Stations for Lent and Easter|year=2014|publisher=Kereru Publishing Limited|isbn=978-0473276812|page=7|quote=Easter Day, also known as Resurrection Sunday, marks the high point of the Christian year. It is the day that we celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BodaSmith2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Boda|first1=Mark J.|last2=Smith|first2=Gordon T.|title=Repentance in Christian Theology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lseYbjrdXhAC&amp;pg=PA316|access-date=19 April 2014|year=2006|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0814651759|page=316|quote=Orthodox, Catholic, and all Reformed churches in the Middle East celebrate Easter according to the Eastern calendar, calling this holy day &quot;Resurrection Sunday,&quot; not Easter.}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'[[Chipangano Chatsopano]] kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi [[Aroma]] pa [[Kalvare]] c. 30 AD.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDbKexa1jfcC&amp;q=easter+central+feast&amp;pg=PA224|title=Anniversaries and Holidays|author=Bernard Trawicky; Ruth Wilhelme Gregory|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|quote=Easter is the central celebration of the Christian liturgical year. It is the oldest and most important Christian feast, celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The date of Easter determines the dates of all movable feasts except those of Advent.|year=2000|isbn=978-0838906958}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Aveni|first=Anthony|title=&quot;The Easter/Passover Season: Connecting Time's Broken Circle&quot;, ''The Book of the Year: A Brief History of Our Seasonal Holidays''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|pages=64–78|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Mmmvol6DvkC|isbn=0-19-517154-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.

Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati [[Sabata Loyera]], lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala [[Triduum]] kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa &quot;[[Pascha]] Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika&quot;, &quot;Lamlungu la Isitala&quot;, &quot;Pascha&quot; kapena &quot;Lamlungu la Pascha&quot;. Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi [[Pentekosti]], koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.

Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa [[equinox ya March]].

Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake [[(Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא]] pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.

Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Duchak2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ho1VxKARgEC&amp;q=easter+egg+hunt+non-Christians|title=An A–Z of Modern America|first=Alicia|last=Duchak|year=2002|publisher=Rutledge|isbn=978-0415187558|page=372}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sifferlin2015&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sifferlin|first1=Alexandra|title=What's the Origin of the Easter Bunny?|url=https://time.com/3767518/easter-bunny-origins-history|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=4 April 2021|date=21 February 2020|orig-year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZsHDG1-4X0C&amp;pg=PT109|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after the services on Easter Day.|author=Vicki K. Black|year=2004|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-0819225757}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4FPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA844|title=The Church Standard, Volume 74|publisher=Walter N. Hering|quote=When the custom was carried over into Christian practice the Easter eggs were usually sent to the priests to be blessed and sprinkled with holy water. In later times the coloring and decorating of eggs was introduced, and in a royal roll of the time of Edward I., which is preserved in the Tower of London, there is an entry of 18d. for 400 eggs, to be used for Easter gifts.|year=1897|access-date=7 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if70Aqo36WYC&amp;pg=PR5|title=From Preparation to Passion|quote=So what preparations do most Christians and non-Christians make? Shopping for new clothing often signifies the belief that Spring has arrived, and it is a time of renewal. Preparations for the Easter Egg Hunts and the Easter Ham for the Sunday dinner are high on the list too.|year=2010|access-date=7 April 2012|isbn=978-1609577650|last1=Brown|first1=Eleanor Cooper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Easter]]
[[Category:Passover]]
&lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sean Wainui</title>
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      <text bytes="3145" xml:space="preserve">'''Sean Wainui''' (23 Okutobala 1995 - 18 Okutobala 2021) anali wosewera mpira waku New Zealand. Adasewera mapiko (ndipo nthawi zina) mbali ya Bay of [[Plenty]], Chiefs ku Super Rugby, komanso mbali yapadziko lonse ya Māori ya New Zealand Māori All Blacks.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sean Wainui Taranaki Profile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://trfu.co.nz/Port-Taranaki-Bulls/Player-Profiles/Players/Sean-Wainui/|title=Sean Wainui Taranaki Profile|date=1 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wainui anali membala wa Takapuna Grammar School 1st XV mu 2011, 2012 ndi 2013. Anapatsidwa mphoto ya North Harbour's 2013 Māori Colts Senior Player of the Year adakali pasukulu. Komanso wakale Takapuna Grammar Prefect komanso Captain 1st XV, Wainui adayimira New Zealand pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi atasewera timu ya Champion New Zealand mu Under 20 Rugby World Cup ku Italy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Wainui called into under-20s|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/sport/67747556/wainui-called-into-under20s|newspaper=Stuff|date=14 April 2015|access-date=28 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;Timuyi idasewera ndi England pamutuwu, ndikupambana 21-16.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=New Zealand 21-16 England|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/33213557|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imfa ==
Wainui adamwalira cha m'ma 7:50 m'mawa pa 18 Okutobala 2021, kutangotsala masiku asanu kuti tsiku lake lobadwa la 26, galimoto yomwe amayendetsa itagwera mumtengo ku McLaren Falls Park pafupi ndi Tauranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rugby: Chiefs, Bay of Plenty and Māori All Blacks back Sean Wainui dies in car crash|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/rugby-chiefs-bay-of-plenty-and-maori-all-blacks-back-sean-wainui-dies-in-car-crash/GKTCJ7DHBXTBKSNFDJV6N2SZ64/|access-date=18 October 2021|website=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/oct/26/sean-wainui-death-of-new-zealand-all-blacks-player-treated-as-suspected-suicide|title=Sean Wainui: death of New Zealand rugby player treated as suspected suicide|author=Eva Corlett|date=26 October 2021|publisher=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tangihanga ya Wainui idachitikira ku Te Wainui marae ku Whatatutu pa 24 Okutobala 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Māori All Blacks and Chiefs star Sean Wainui farewelled at tangi today|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/maori-all-blacks-and-chiefs-star-sean-wainui-farewelled-at-tangi-today/S4NRTUEWGRLDNQRTTAUR6EQCGU/|access-date=2021-10-28|website=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masewera oyeserera pakati pa New Zealand All Blacks ndi United States ku FedExField ku Washington D.C. pa 24 Okutobala 2021, kamphindi kunali chete kukumbukira imfa ya Wainui. Kaputeni wa timu ya United States, Bryce Campbell, adapatsa All Blacks malaya oyera nambala 11 okhala ndi dzina la Wainui.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All Blacks demolish USA Eagles but rugby union’s flag is flying in States|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/oct/23/all-blacks-demolish-usa-eagles-but-rugbys-flag-is-flying-in-states|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 October 2021|access-date=25 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1995 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3149" xml:space="preserve">'''Sean Wainui''' (23 Okutobala 1995 - 18 Okutobala 2021) anali wosewera mpira waku New Zealand. Adasewera mapiko (ndipo nthawi zina) mbali ya Bay of [[Plenty]], Chiefs ku Super Rugby, komanso mbali yapadziko lonse ya Māori ya New Zealand Māori All Blacks.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sean Wainui Taranaki Profile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://trfu.co.nz/Port-Taranaki-Bulls/Player-Profiles/Players/Sean-Wainui/|title=Sean Wainui Taranaki Profile|date=1 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wainui anali membala wa Takapuna Grammar School 1st XV mu 2011, 2012 ndi 2013. Anapatsidwa mphoto ya North Harbour's 2013 Māori Colts Senior Player of the Year adakali pasukulu. Komanso wakale Takapuna Grammar Prefect komanso Captain 1st XV, Wainui adayimira New Zealand pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi atasewera timu ya Champion New Zealand mu Under 20 [[Rugby World Cup]] ku Italy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Wainui called into under-20s|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/sport/67747556/wainui-called-into-under20s|newspaper=Stuff|date=14 April 2015|access-date=28 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;Timuyi idasewera ndi England pamutuwu, ndikupambana 21-16.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=New Zealand 21-16 England|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/33213557|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imfa ==
Wainui adamwalira cha m'ma 7:50 m'mawa pa 18 Okutobala 2021, kutangotsala masiku asanu kuti tsiku lake lobadwa la 26, galimoto yomwe amayendetsa itagwera mumtengo ku McLaren Falls Park pafupi ndi Tauranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rugby: Chiefs, Bay of Plenty and Māori All Blacks back Sean Wainui dies in car crash|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/rugby-chiefs-bay-of-plenty-and-maori-all-blacks-back-sean-wainui-dies-in-car-crash/GKTCJ7DHBXTBKSNFDJV6N2SZ64/|access-date=18 October 2021|website=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/oct/26/sean-wainui-death-of-new-zealand-all-blacks-player-treated-as-suspected-suicide|title=Sean Wainui: death of New Zealand rugby player treated as suspected suicide|author=Eva Corlett|date=26 October 2021|publisher=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tangihanga ya Wainui idachitikira ku Te Wainui marae ku Whatatutu pa 24 Okutobala 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Māori All Blacks and Chiefs star Sean Wainui farewelled at tangi today|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/maori-all-blacks-and-chiefs-star-sean-wainui-farewelled-at-tangi-today/S4NRTUEWGRLDNQRTTAUR6EQCGU/|access-date=2021-10-28|website=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masewera oyeserera pakati pa New Zealand All Blacks ndi United States ku FedExField ku Washington D.C. pa 24 Okutobala 2021, kamphindi kunali chete kukumbukira imfa ya Wainui. Kaputeni wa timu ya United States, Bryce Campbell, adapatsa All Blacks malaya oyera nambala 11 okhala ndi dzina la Wainui.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All Blacks demolish USA Eagles but rugby union’s flag is flying in States|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/oct/23/all-blacks-demolish-usa-eagles-but-rugbys-flag-is-flying-in-states|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 October 2021|access-date=25 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1995 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3153" xml:space="preserve">'''Sean Wainui''' (23 Okutobala 1995 - 18 Okutobala 2021) anali wosewera mpira waku New Zealand. Adasewera mapiko (ndipo nthawi zina) mbali ya Bay of [[Plenty]], Chiefs ku Super Rugby, komanso mbali yapadziko lonse ya Māori ya New Zealand Māori All Blacks.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sean Wainui Taranaki Profile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://trfu.co.nz/Port-Taranaki-Bulls/Player-Profiles/Players/Sean-Wainui/|title=Sean Wainui Taranaki Profile|date=1 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;Wainui anali membala wa Takapuna Grammar School 1st XV mu 2011, 2012 ndi 2013. Anapatsidwa mphoto ya North Harbour's 2013 Māori Colts Senior Player of the Year adakali pasukulu. Komanso wakale Takapuna Grammar Prefect komanso Captain 1st XV, Wainui adayimira [[New Zealand]] pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi atasewera timu ya Champion New Zealand mu Under 20 [[Rugby World Cup]] ku Italy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Wainui called into under-20s|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/sport/67747556/wainui-called-into-under20s|newspaper=Stuff|date=14 April 2015|access-date=28 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;Timuyi idasewera ndi England pamutuwu, ndikupambana 21-16.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=New Zealand 21-16 England|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/33213557|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imfa ==
Wainui adamwalira cha m'ma 7:50 m'mawa pa 18 Okutobala 2021, kutangotsala masiku asanu kuti tsiku lake lobadwa la 26, galimoto yomwe amayendetsa itagwera mumtengo ku McLaren Falls Park pafupi ndi Tauranga.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rugby: Chiefs, Bay of Plenty and Māori All Blacks back Sean Wainui dies in car crash|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/rugby-chiefs-bay-of-plenty-and-maori-all-blacks-back-sean-wainui-dies-in-car-crash/GKTCJ7DHBXTBKSNFDJV6N2SZ64/|access-date=18 October 2021|website=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/oct/26/sean-wainui-death-of-new-zealand-all-blacks-player-treated-as-suspected-suicide|title=Sean Wainui: death of New Zealand rugby player treated as suspected suicide|author=Eva Corlett|date=26 October 2021|publisher=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tangihanga ya Wainui idachitikira ku Te Wainui marae ku Whatatutu pa 24 Okutobala 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Māori All Blacks and Chiefs star Sean Wainui farewelled at tangi today|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/maori-all-blacks-and-chiefs-star-sean-wainui-farewelled-at-tangi-today/S4NRTUEWGRLDNQRTTAUR6EQCGU/|access-date=2021-10-28|website=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masewera oyeserera pakati pa New Zealand All Blacks ndi United States ku FedExField ku Washington D.C. pa 24 Okutobala 2021, kamphindi kunali chete kukumbukira imfa ya Wainui. Kaputeni wa timu ya United States, Bryce Campbell, adapatsa All Blacks malaya oyera nambala 11 okhala ndi dzina la Wainui.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All Blacks demolish USA Eagles but rugby union’s flag is flying in States|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/oct/23/all-blacks-demolish-usa-eagles-but-rugbys-flag-is-flying-in-states|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=24 October 2021|access-date=25 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
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[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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    <title>Ernie Ross</title>
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      <text bytes="4669" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ross''' (27 Julayi 1942 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku Britain yemwe adakhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku [[Dundee]] West kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2005. Anali membala wa Labor Party. Ross anabadwira ku Dundee, Scotland, pa 27 July 1942. Makolo ake onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Cash Register. Anamaliza maphunziro ake a pulaimale ku St Joseph's ndi St Mary's primary school, asanakaphunzire ku St John's Roman Catholic High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya pamalo osungiramo zombo, kenako ngati injiniya wamkulu wowongolera zinthu pa Timex. Analowa nawo Labor Party mu 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Katy|title=Tributes paid to Ernie Ross as former Dundee West MP dies|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=The Courier|date=2021-10-17|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010246/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito yandale ==
Ross adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Dundee West pachisankho chachikulu cha 1979, m'malo mwa Peter Doig. Adathandizira Tony Benn mu chisankho cha 1981 Labor Party. Ross adasankhidwanso kasanu mpaka atapuma pantchito pachisankho chachikulu cha 2005, pomwe adalowa m'malo ndi Jim McGovern.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ernie Ross, Dundee MP who worked tirelessly on behalf of his native city|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|first=Brian|last=Wilson|date=22 October 2021|access-date=23 October 2020|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103618/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Who's Who|surname=Ross|othernames=Ernest|id=U33203|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U33203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross anakhala pa Foreign Affairs Select Committee kuyambira July 1997 mpaka March 1999; Komiti ya Standards and Privileges kuyambira October 1996 mpaka March 1997, ndi Education &amp; Employment Committee kuyambira November 1995 mpaka March 1997. Anatumikiranso m’Khoti la Referees kuyambira June 1987 mpaka May 2005. Pamene anali mu komiti yoona za mayiko akunja mu 1999. adatulutsa lipoti kwa mlembi wakunja a Robin Cook okhudza nkhani ya Sandline ndi Sierra Leone. Cook ndiye anatchula molakwika zomwe zapezedwa pofunsa mafunso asanatulutsidwe lipotilo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ross atule pansi udindo mu komitiyi komanso kuyimitsidwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kwa masiku khumi. Chifukwa chake adatchedwa &quot;plumber&quot;, ponena za kuthekera kwake &quot;kokonza kutayikira&quot;.

Ross anali wokonda kwambiri dziko la Palestine, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchedwa &quot;MP wa Nablus West&quot;. Adagwirizana ndi ganizo la Dundee City Council mu 1980 kuti apambane mzindawu ndi Nablus.[1] Mu Epulo chaka chotsatira, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu la anthu abwino ochokera ku Dundee kukachezera Nablus ndi Kuwait City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Labour MP resigns over arms report leak|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|first=Richard|last=Norton-Taylor|author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|date=24 February 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leak MP says sorry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|date=12 July 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC News|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Ross anakwatira Jane Moad mu 1964. Iwo anakhalabe okwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Stephen, Ali ndi Karen. Anali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yake yoyamba ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, koma adapulumuka atachitidwa opaleshoni ya keyhole ndi Alfred Cuschieri. Ross anamwalira pa 17 October 2021 ku Dundee. Anali ndi zaka 79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=L84MAQAAMAAJ|q=&quot;Ernie Ross&quot; Nablus}}|url-access=limited|title=Palestine Perspectives|volume=3|publisher=Palestine Research and Educational Center|year=1980|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1942 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4673" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ross''' (27 Julayi 1942 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku Britain yemwe adakhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku [[Dundee]] West kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2005. Anali membala wa [[Labor Party]]. Ross anabadwira ku Dundee, Scotland, pa 27 July 1942. Makolo ake onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Cash Register. Anamaliza maphunziro ake a pulaimale ku St Joseph's ndi St Mary's primary school, asanakaphunzire ku St John's Roman Catholic High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya pamalo osungiramo zombo, kenako ngati injiniya wamkulu wowongolera zinthu pa Timex. Analowa nawo Labor Party mu 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Katy|title=Tributes paid to Ernie Ross as former Dundee West MP dies|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=The Courier|date=2021-10-17|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010246/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito yandale ==
Ross adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Dundee West pachisankho chachikulu cha 1979, m'malo mwa Peter Doig. Adathandizira Tony Benn mu chisankho cha 1981 Labor Party. Ross adasankhidwanso kasanu mpaka atapuma pantchito pachisankho chachikulu cha 2005, pomwe adalowa m'malo ndi Jim McGovern.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ernie Ross, Dundee MP who worked tirelessly on behalf of his native city|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|first=Brian|last=Wilson|date=22 October 2021|access-date=23 October 2020|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103618/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Who's Who|surname=Ross|othernames=Ernest|id=U33203|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U33203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross anakhala pa Foreign Affairs Select Committee kuyambira July 1997 mpaka March 1999; Komiti ya Standards and Privileges kuyambira October 1996 mpaka March 1997, ndi Education &amp; Employment Committee kuyambira November 1995 mpaka March 1997. Anatumikiranso m’Khoti la Referees kuyambira June 1987 mpaka May 2005. Pamene anali mu komiti yoona za mayiko akunja mu 1999. adatulutsa lipoti kwa mlembi wakunja a Robin Cook okhudza nkhani ya Sandline ndi Sierra Leone. Cook ndiye anatchula molakwika zomwe zapezedwa pofunsa mafunso asanatulutsidwe lipotilo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ross atule pansi udindo mu komitiyi komanso kuyimitsidwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kwa masiku khumi. Chifukwa chake adatchedwa &quot;plumber&quot;, ponena za kuthekera kwake &quot;kokonza kutayikira&quot;.

Ross anali wokonda kwambiri dziko la Palestine, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchedwa &quot;MP wa Nablus West&quot;. Adagwirizana ndi ganizo la Dundee City Council mu 1980 kuti apambane mzindawu ndi Nablus.[1] Mu Epulo chaka chotsatira, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu la anthu abwino ochokera ku Dundee kukachezera Nablus ndi Kuwait City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Labour MP resigns over arms report leak|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|first=Richard|last=Norton-Taylor|author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|date=24 February 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leak MP says sorry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|date=12 July 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC News|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Ross anakwatira Jane Moad mu 1964. Iwo anakhalabe okwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Stephen, Ali ndi Karen. Anali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yake yoyamba ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, koma adapulumuka atachitidwa opaleshoni ya keyhole ndi Alfred Cuschieri. Ross anamwalira pa 17 October 2021 ku Dundee. Anali ndi zaka 79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=L84MAQAAMAAJ|q=&quot;Ernie Ross&quot; Nablus}}|url-access=limited|title=Palestine Perspectives|volume=3|publisher=Palestine Research and Educational Center|year=1980|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1942 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4677" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ross''' (27 Julayi 1942 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku Britain yemwe adakhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku [[Dundee]] West kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2005. Anali membala wa [[Labor Party]]. Ross anabadwira ku Dundee, Scotland, pa 27 July 1942. Makolo ake onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Cash Register. Anamaliza maphunziro ake a pulaimale ku St Joseph's ndi St Mary's primary school, asanakaphunzire ku St John's Roman Catholic High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya pamalo osungiramo zombo, kenako ngati injiniya wamkulu wowongolera zinthu pa [[Timex]]. Analowa nawo Labor Party mu 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Katy|title=Tributes paid to Ernie Ross as former Dundee West MP dies|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=The Courier|date=2021-10-17|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010246/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito yandale ==
Ross adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Dundee West pachisankho chachikulu cha 1979, m'malo mwa Peter Doig. Adathandizira Tony Benn mu chisankho cha 1981 Labor Party. Ross adasankhidwanso kasanu mpaka atapuma pantchito pachisankho chachikulu cha 2005, pomwe adalowa m'malo ndi Jim McGovern.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ernie Ross, Dundee MP who worked tirelessly on behalf of his native city|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|first=Brian|last=Wilson|date=22 October 2021|access-date=23 October 2020|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103618/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Who's Who|surname=Ross|othernames=Ernest|id=U33203|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U33203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross anakhala pa Foreign Affairs Select Committee kuyambira July 1997 mpaka March 1999; Komiti ya Standards and Privileges kuyambira October 1996 mpaka March 1997, ndi Education &amp; Employment Committee kuyambira November 1995 mpaka March 1997. Anatumikiranso m’Khoti la Referees kuyambira June 1987 mpaka May 2005. Pamene anali mu komiti yoona za mayiko akunja mu 1999. adatulutsa lipoti kwa mlembi wakunja a Robin Cook okhudza nkhani ya Sandline ndi Sierra Leone. Cook ndiye anatchula molakwika zomwe zapezedwa pofunsa mafunso asanatulutsidwe lipotilo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ross atule pansi udindo mu komitiyi komanso kuyimitsidwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kwa masiku khumi. Chifukwa chake adatchedwa &quot;plumber&quot;, ponena za kuthekera kwake &quot;kokonza kutayikira&quot;.

Ross anali wokonda kwambiri dziko la Palestine, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchedwa &quot;MP wa Nablus West&quot;. Adagwirizana ndi ganizo la Dundee City Council mu 1980 kuti apambane mzindawu ndi Nablus.[1] Mu Epulo chaka chotsatira, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu la anthu abwino ochokera ku Dundee kukachezera Nablus ndi Kuwait City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Labour MP resigns over arms report leak|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|first=Richard|last=Norton-Taylor|author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|date=24 February 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leak MP says sorry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|date=12 July 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC News|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Ross anakwatira Jane Moad mu 1964. Iwo anakhalabe okwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Stephen, Ali ndi Karen. Anali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yake yoyamba ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, koma adapulumuka atachitidwa opaleshoni ya keyhole ndi Alfred Cuschieri. Ross anamwalira pa 17 October 2021 ku Dundee. Anali ndi zaka 79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=L84MAQAAMAAJ|q=&quot;Ernie Ross&quot; Nablus}}|url-access=limited|title=Palestine Perspectives|volume=3|publisher=Palestine Research and Educational Center|year=1980|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1942 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4681" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ross''' (27 Julayi 1942 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku Britain yemwe adakhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku [[Dundee]] West kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2005. Anali membala wa [[Labor Party]]. Ross anabadwira ku Dundee, Scotland, pa 27 July 1942. Makolo ake onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Cash Register. Anamaliza maphunziro ake a pulaimale ku St Joseph's ndi St Mary's primary school, asanakaphunzire ku St John's Roman Catholic High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya pamalo osungiramo zombo, kenako ngati injiniya wamkulu wowongolera zinthu pa [[Timex]]. Analowa nawo [[Labor Party]] mu 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Katy|title=Tributes paid to Ernie Ross as former Dundee West MP dies|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=The Courier|date=2021-10-17|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010246/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito yandale ==
Ross adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Dundee West pachisankho chachikulu cha 1979, m'malo mwa Peter Doig. Adathandizira Tony Benn mu chisankho cha 1981 Labor Party. Ross adasankhidwanso kasanu mpaka atapuma pantchito pachisankho chachikulu cha 2005, pomwe adalowa m'malo ndi Jim McGovern.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ernie Ross, Dundee MP who worked tirelessly on behalf of his native city|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|first=Brian|last=Wilson|date=22 October 2021|access-date=23 October 2020|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103618/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Who's Who|surname=Ross|othernames=Ernest|id=U33203|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U33203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross anakhala pa Foreign Affairs Select Committee kuyambira July 1997 mpaka March 1999; Komiti ya Standards and Privileges kuyambira October 1996 mpaka March 1997, ndi Education &amp; Employment Committee kuyambira November 1995 mpaka March 1997. Anatumikiranso m’Khoti la Referees kuyambira June 1987 mpaka May 2005. Pamene anali mu komiti yoona za mayiko akunja mu 1999. adatulutsa lipoti kwa mlembi wakunja a Robin Cook okhudza nkhani ya Sandline ndi Sierra Leone. Cook ndiye anatchula molakwika zomwe zapezedwa pofunsa mafunso asanatulutsidwe lipotilo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ross atule pansi udindo mu komitiyi komanso kuyimitsidwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kwa masiku khumi. Chifukwa chake adatchedwa &quot;plumber&quot;, ponena za kuthekera kwake &quot;kokonza kutayikira&quot;.

Ross anali wokonda kwambiri dziko la Palestine, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchedwa &quot;MP wa Nablus West&quot;. Adagwirizana ndi ganizo la Dundee City Council mu 1980 kuti apambane mzindawu ndi Nablus.[1] Mu Epulo chaka chotsatira, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu la anthu abwino ochokera ku Dundee kukachezera Nablus ndi Kuwait City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Labour MP resigns over arms report leak|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|first=Richard|last=Norton-Taylor|author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|date=24 February 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leak MP says sorry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|date=12 July 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC News|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Ross anakwatira Jane Moad mu 1964. Iwo anakhalabe okwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Stephen, Ali ndi Karen. Anali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yake yoyamba ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, koma adapulumuka atachitidwa opaleshoni ya keyhole ndi Alfred Cuschieri. Ross anamwalira pa 17 October 2021 ku Dundee. Anali ndi zaka 79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=L84MAQAAMAAJ|q=&quot;Ernie Ross&quot; Nablus}}|url-access=limited|title=Palestine Perspectives|volume=3|publisher=Palestine Research and Educational Center|year=1980|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1942 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4671" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ross''' (27 Julayi 1942 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku Britain yemwe adakhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku [[Dundee]] West kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2005. Anali membala wa [[Labor Party]]. Ross anabadwira ku Dundee, Scotland, pa 27 July 1942. Makolo ake onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Cash Register. Anamaliza maphunziro ake a pulaimale ku 

ndi St Mary's primary school, asanakaphunzire ku St John's Roman Catholic High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya pamalo osungiramo zombo, kenako ngati injiniya wamkulu wowongolera zinthu pa [[Timex]]. Analowa nawo [[Labor Party]] mu 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Katy|title=Tributes paid to Ernie Ross as former Dundee West MP dies|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=The Courier|date=2021-10-17|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010246/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito yandale ==
Ross adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Dundee West pachisankho chachikulu cha 1979, m'malo mwa Peter Doig. Adathandizira Tony Benn mu chisankho cha 1981 Labor Party. Ross adasankhidwanso kasanu mpaka atapuma pantchito pachisankho chachikulu cha 2005, pomwe adalowa m'malo ndi Jim McGovern.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ernie Ross, Dundee MP who worked tirelessly on behalf of his native city|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|first=Brian|last=Wilson|date=22 October 2021|access-date=23 October 2020|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103618/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Who's Who|surname=Ross|othernames=Ernest|id=U33203|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U33203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross anakhala pa Foreign Affairs Select Committee kuyambira July 1997 mpaka March 1999; Komiti ya Standards and Privileges kuyambira October 1996 mpaka March 1997, ndi Education &amp; Employment Committee kuyambira November 1995 mpaka March 1997. Anatumikiranso m’Khoti la Referees kuyambira June 1987 mpaka May 2005. Pamene anali mu komiti yoona za mayiko akunja mu 1999. adatulutsa lipoti kwa mlembi wakunja a Robin Cook okhudza nkhani ya Sandline ndi Sierra Leone. Cook ndiye anatchula molakwika zomwe zapezedwa pofunsa mafunso asanatulutsidwe lipotilo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ross atule pansi udindo mu komitiyi komanso kuyimitsidwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kwa masiku khumi. Chifukwa chake adatchedwa &quot;plumber&quot;, ponena za kuthekera kwake &quot;kokonza kutayikira&quot;.

Ross anali wokonda kwambiri dziko la Palestine, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchedwa &quot;MP wa Nablus West&quot;. Adagwirizana ndi ganizo la Dundee City Council mu 1980 kuti apambane mzindawu ndi Nablus.[1] Mu Epulo chaka chotsatira, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu la anthu abwino ochokera ku Dundee kukachezera Nablus ndi Kuwait City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Labour MP resigns over arms report leak|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|first=Richard|last=Norton-Taylor|author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|date=24 February 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leak MP says sorry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|date=12 July 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC News|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Ross anakwatira Jane Moad mu 1964. Iwo anakhalabe okwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Stephen, Ali ndi Karen. Anali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yake yoyamba ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, koma adapulumuka atachitidwa opaleshoni ya keyhole ndi Alfred Cuschieri. Ross anamwalira pa 17 October 2021 ku Dundee. Anali ndi zaka 79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=L84MAQAAMAAJ|q=&quot;Ernie Ross&quot; Nablus}}|url-access=limited|title=Palestine Perspectives|volume=3|publisher=Palestine Research and Educational Center|year=1980|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1942 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4675" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ross''' (27 Julayi 1942 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku [[Britain]] yemwe adakhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku [[Dundee]] West kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2005. Anali membala wa [[Labor Party]]. Ross anabadwira ku Dundee, Scotland, pa 27 July 1942. Makolo ake onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Cash Register. Anamaliza maphunziro ake a pulaimale ku 

ndi St Mary's primary school, asanakaphunzire ku St John's Roman Catholic High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya pamalo osungiramo zombo, kenako ngati injiniya wamkulu wowongolera zinthu pa [[Timex]]. Analowa nawo [[Labor Party]] mu 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Katy|title=Tributes paid to Ernie Ross as former Dundee West MP dies|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=The Courier|date=2021-10-17|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010246/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito yandale ==
Ross adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Dundee West pachisankho chachikulu cha 1979, m'malo mwa Peter Doig. Adathandizira Tony Benn mu chisankho cha 1981 Labor Party. Ross adasankhidwanso kasanu mpaka atapuma pantchito pachisankho chachikulu cha 2005, pomwe adalowa m'malo ndi Jim McGovern.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ernie Ross, Dundee MP who worked tirelessly on behalf of his native city|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|first=Brian|last=Wilson|date=22 October 2021|access-date=23 October 2020|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103618/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Who's Who|surname=Ross|othernames=Ernest|id=U33203|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U33203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross anakhala pa Foreign Affairs Select Committee kuyambira July 1997 mpaka March 1999; Komiti ya Standards and Privileges kuyambira October 1996 mpaka March 1997, ndi Education &amp; Employment Committee kuyambira November 1995 mpaka March 1997. Anatumikiranso m’Khoti la Referees kuyambira June 1987 mpaka May 2005. Pamene anali mu komiti yoona za mayiko akunja mu 1999. adatulutsa lipoti kwa mlembi wakunja a Robin Cook okhudza nkhani ya Sandline ndi Sierra Leone. Cook ndiye anatchula molakwika zomwe zapezedwa pofunsa mafunso asanatulutsidwe lipotilo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ross atule pansi udindo mu komitiyi komanso kuyimitsidwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kwa masiku khumi. Chifukwa chake adatchedwa &quot;plumber&quot;, ponena za kuthekera kwake &quot;kokonza kutayikira&quot;.

Ross anali wokonda kwambiri dziko la Palestine, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchedwa &quot;MP wa Nablus West&quot;. Adagwirizana ndi ganizo la Dundee City Council mu 1980 kuti apambane mzindawu ndi Nablus.[1] Mu Epulo chaka chotsatira, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu la anthu abwino ochokera ku Dundee kukachezera Nablus ndi Kuwait City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Labour MP resigns over arms report leak|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|first=Richard|last=Norton-Taylor|author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|date=24 February 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leak MP says sorry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|date=12 July 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC News|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Ross anakwatira Jane Moad mu 1964. Iwo anakhalabe okwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Stephen, Ali ndi Karen. Anali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yake yoyamba ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, koma adapulumuka atachitidwa opaleshoni ya keyhole ndi Alfred Cuschieri. Ross anamwalira pa 17 October 2021 ku Dundee. Anali ndi zaka 79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=L84MAQAAMAAJ|q=&quot;Ernie Ross&quot; Nablus}}|url-access=limited|title=Palestine Perspectives|volume=3|publisher=Palestine Research and Educational Center|year=1980|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1942 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <id>48589</id>
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        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
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      <text bytes="4679" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ross''' (27 Julayi 1942 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku [[Britain]] yemwe adakhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku [[Dundee]] West kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2005. Anali membala wa [[Labor Party]]. Ross anabadwira ku Dundee, Scotland, pa 27 July 1942. Makolo ake onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Cash Register. Anamaliza maphunziro ake a pulaimale ku 

ndi St Mary's primary school, asanakaphunzire ku St John's Roman Catholic High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya pamalo osungiramo zombo, kenako ngati injiniya wamkulu wowongolera zinthu pa [[Timex]]. Analowa nawo [[Labor Party]] mu 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Katy|title=Tributes paid to Ernie Ross as former Dundee West MP dies|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=The Courier|date=2021-10-17|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010246/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito yandale ==
Ross adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Dundee West pachisankho chachikulu cha 1979, m'malo mwa Peter Doig. Adathandizira Tony Benn mu chisankho cha 1981 Labor Party. Ross adasankhidwanso kasanu mpaka atapuma pantchito pachisankho chachikulu cha 2005, pomwe adalowa m'malo ndi Jim McGovern.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ernie Ross, Dundee MP who worked tirelessly on behalf of his native city|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|first=Brian|last=Wilson|date=22 October 2021|access-date=23 October 2020|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103618/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Who's Who|surname=Ross|othernames=Ernest|id=U33203|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U33203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross anakhala p[[a Foreign Affairs Select Committee]] kuyambira July 1997 mpaka March 1999; Komiti ya Standards and Privileges kuyambira October 1996 mpaka March 1997, ndi Education &amp; Employment Committee kuyambira November 1995 mpaka March 1997. Anatumikiranso m’Khoti la Referees kuyambira June 1987 mpaka May 2005. Pamene anali mu komiti yoona za mayiko akunja mu 1999. adatulutsa lipoti kwa mlembi wakunja a Robin Cook okhudza nkhani ya Sandline ndi Sierra Leone. Cook ndiye anatchula molakwika zomwe zapezedwa pofunsa mafunso asanatulutsidwe lipotilo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ross atule pansi udindo mu komitiyi komanso kuyimitsidwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kwa masiku khumi. Chifukwa chake adatchedwa &quot;plumber&quot;, ponena za kuthekera kwake &quot;kokonza kutayikira&quot;.

Ross anali wokonda kwambiri dziko la Palestine, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchedwa &quot;MP wa Nablus West&quot;. Adagwirizana ndi ganizo la Dundee City Council mu 1980 kuti apambane mzindawu ndi Nablus.[1] Mu Epulo chaka chotsatira, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu la anthu abwino ochokera ku Dundee kukachezera Nablus ndi Kuwait City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Labour MP resigns over arms report leak|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|first=Richard|last=Norton-Taylor|author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|date=24 February 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leak MP says sorry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|date=12 July 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC News|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Ross anakwatira Jane Moad mu 1964. Iwo anakhalabe okwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Stephen, Ali ndi Karen. Anali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yake yoyamba ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, koma adapulumuka atachitidwa opaleshoni ya keyhole ndi Alfred Cuschieri. Ross anamwalira pa 17 October 2021 ku Dundee. Anali ndi zaka 79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=L84MAQAAMAAJ|q=&quot;Ernie Ross&quot; Nablus}}|url-access=limited|title=Palestine Perspectives|volume=3|publisher=Palestine Research and Educational Center|year=1980|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1942 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>48590</id>
      <parentid>48589</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:46:48Z</timestamp>
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        <id>8304</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4683" xml:space="preserve">'''Ernest Ross''' (27 Julayi 1942 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku [[Britain]] yemwe adakhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku [[Dundee]] West kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2005. Anali membala wa [[Labor Party]]. Ross anabadwira ku Dundee, [[Scotland]], pa 27 July 1942. Makolo ake onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi National Cash Register. Anamaliza maphunziro ake a pulaimale ku 

ndi St Mary's primary school, asanakaphunzire ku St John's Roman Catholic High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, adagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya pamalo osungiramo zombo, kenako ngati injiniya wamkulu wowongolera zinthu pa [[Timex]]. Analowa nawo [[Labor Party]] mu 1973.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Scott|first=Katy|title=Tributes paid to Ernie Ross as former Dundee West MP dies|url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=The Courier|date=2021-10-17|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020010246/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/news/dundee/2665188/tributes-paid-to-ernie-ross-as-former-dundee-west-mp-dies/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntchito yandale ==
Ross adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Dundee West pachisankho chachikulu cha 1979, m'malo mwa Peter Doig. Adathandizira Tony Benn mu chisankho cha 1981 Labor Party. Ross adasankhidwanso kasanu mpaka atapuma pantchito pachisankho chachikulu cha 2005, pomwe adalowa m'malo ndi Jim McGovern.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herald obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ernie Ross, Dundee MP who worked tirelessly on behalf of his native city|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|first=Brian|last=Wilson|date=22 October 2021|access-date=23 October 2020|newspaper=The Herald|location=Glasgow|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103618/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19665797.obituary-ernie-ross-dundee-mp-worked-tirelessly-behalf-native-city/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Who's Who|surname=Ross|othernames=Ernest|id=U33203|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U33203}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross anakhala p[[a Foreign Affairs Select Committee]] kuyambira July 1997 mpaka March 1999; Komiti ya Standards and Privileges kuyambira October 1996 mpaka March 1997, ndi Education &amp; Employment Committee kuyambira November 1995 mpaka March 1997. Anatumikiranso m’Khoti la Referees kuyambira June 1987 mpaka May 2005. Pamene anali mu komiti yoona za mayiko akunja mu 1999. adatulutsa lipoti kwa mlembi wakunja a Robin Cook okhudza nkhani ya Sandline ndi Sierra Leone. Cook ndiye anatchula molakwika zomwe zapezedwa pofunsa mafunso asanatulutsidwe lipotilo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ross atule pansi udindo mu komitiyi komanso kuyimitsidwa ku Nyumba ya Malamulo kwa masiku khumi. Chifukwa chake adatchedwa &quot;plumber&quot;, ponena za kuthekera kwake &quot;kokonza kutayikira&quot;.

Ross anali wokonda kwambiri dziko la Palestine, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti azitchedwa &quot;MP wa Nablus West&quot;. Adagwirizana ndi ganizo la Dundee City Council mu 1980 kuti apambane mzindawu ndi Nablus.[1] Mu Epulo chaka chotsatira, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu la anthu abwino ochokera ku Dundee kukachezera Nablus ndi Kuwait City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Labour MP resigns over arms report leak|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|first=Richard|last=Norton-Taylor|author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|date=24 February 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/feb/24/sierraleone.politicalnews|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Leak MP says sorry|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|date=12 July 1999|access-date=23 October 2021|work=BBC News|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023122246/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/392427.stm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Ross anakwatira Jane Moad mu 1964. Iwo anakhalabe okwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Stephen, Ali ndi Karen. Anali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yake yoyamba ku Nyumba ya Malamulo, koma adapulumuka atachitidwa opaleshoni ya keyhole ndi Alfred Cuschieri. Ross anamwalira pa 17 October 2021 ku Dundee. Anali ndi zaka 79.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=L84MAQAAMAAJ|q=&quot;Ernie Ross&quot; Nablus}}|url-access=limited|title=Palestine Perspectives|volume=3|publisher=Palestine Research and Educational Center|year=1980|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1942 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Halyna Hutchins</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>48521</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:17:05Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="3024" xml:space="preserve">'''Halyna Hutchins''' ([[Chiyukireniya]]: Галина Хатчінс, romanized: Halyna Hatchyns; née Androsovych, Chiyukireniya: Андросович; 1979 - October 21, 2021) anali wojambula kanema waku Ukraine komanso mtolankhani yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakanema opitilira 30, makanema apa TV ndi ma TV. Archnemy, Darlin ', ndi Blindfire. Pa Okutobala 21, 2021, adavulala kwambiri pachiwopsezo chowombera panthawi yopanga filimu yotchedwa Rust.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Julia|last2=Varenikova|first2=Maria|date=2021-10-22|title=A Cinematographer Killed on Set Is Recalled as Talented and Spirited|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/movies/halyna-hutchins-alec-baldwin-rust.html|access-date=2021-10-28|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cholowa ==
Mu Okutobala 2021, atamwalira Hutchins, aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi ake ku American Film Institute adakhazikitsa Halyna Hutchins Memorial Scholarship Fund yodzipereka kuthandiza maphunziro a akatswiri akanema achikazi. Mzimayi wa Hutchins a Matt Hutchins adavomereza ntchitoyi ndipo adapempha aliyense amene akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwake kuti apereke ndalama ku thumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Halyna Hutchins Now Honorary ASC Member|url=https://theasc.com/news/halyna-hutchins-now-honorary-asc-member|website=[[American Society of Cinematographers]]|access-date=November 16, 2021|date=November 15, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tizard|first=Will|date=November 16, 2021|title=Cinematographers Pay Tribute to Fallen Colleague Halyna Hutchins at EnergaCamerimage Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/halyna-hutchins-camerimage-film-festival-1235113070/|access-date=November 16, 2021|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imfa ya Hutchins idauzira kuyitanitsa kusintha kwachitetezo chamfuti pamakanema amakanema. Alexi Hawley, wofalitsa wa ndondomeko ya apolisi aku America The Rookie, adatsimikizira kuti, pambuyo pa imfa ya Hutchins, mfuti zonse zamoyo pawonetsero ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mfuti za Airsoft ndi CG kuwala. Eric Kripke, wowonetsa mndandanda wamasewera apamwamba a ku America a The Boys, nawonso adalumbira kuti aletsa zopanda kanthu ndi mfuti pawonetsero wake. Wopanga mafilimu a Bandar Albuliwi pambuyo pake adapereka lingaliro loletsa mfuti zenizeni pamaseti amakanema. Pempho lake loti apange &quot;Lamulo la Halyna&quot; linathandizidwa ndi wojambula komanso wotsogolera Olivia Wilde. Ojambula mafilimu oposa 200 adayitana kalata yotsegula kuti aletse zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu.

Mu Novembala 2021, American Society of Cinematographers idalemekeza ntchito ya Hutchins ngati wojambula makanema pomupatsa umembala wake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welk|first=Brian|date=November 2, 2021|title=Cinematographers Group Calls for Ban of Functional Firearms on Sets After 'Rust' Tragedy|url=https://www.thewrap.com/cinematographers-guns-ban-film-sets-rust/|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=[[The Wrap]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1979 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <id>48523</id>
      <parentid>48521</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:17:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3028" xml:space="preserve">'''Halyna Hutchins''' ([[Chiyukireniya]]: Галина Хатчінс, romanized: Halyna Hatchyns; née Androsovych, Chiyukireniya: Андросович; 1979 - October 21, 2021) anali wojambula kanema waku Ukraine komanso mtolankhani yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakanema opitilira 30, makanema apa TV ndi ma TV. Archnemy, Darlin ', ndi Blindfire. Pa Okutobala 21, 2021, adavulala kwambiri pachiwopsezo chowombera panthawi yopanga filimu yotchedwa Rust.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Julia|last2=Varenikova|first2=Maria|date=2021-10-22|title=A Cinematographer Killed on Set Is Recalled as Talented and Spirited|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/movies/halyna-hutchins-alec-baldwin-rust.html|access-date=2021-10-28|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cholowa ==
Mu Okutobala 2021, atamwalira Hutchins, aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi ake ku American Film Institute adakhazikitsa Halyna Hutchins Memorial Scholarship Fund yodzipereka kuthandiza maphunziro a akatswiri akanema achikazi. Mzimayi wa Hutchins a Matt Hutchins adavomereza ntchitoyi ndipo adapempha aliyense amene akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwake kuti apereke ndalama ku thumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Halyna Hutchins Now Honorary ASC Member|url=https://theasc.com/news/halyna-hutchins-now-honorary-asc-member|website=[[American Society of Cinematographers]]|access-date=November 16, 2021|date=November 15, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tizard|first=Will|date=November 16, 2021|title=Cinematographers Pay Tribute to Fallen Colleague Halyna Hutchins at EnergaCamerimage Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/halyna-hutchins-camerimage-film-festival-1235113070/|access-date=November 16, 2021|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imfa ya Hutchins idauzira kuyitanitsa kusintha kwachitetezo chamfuti pamakanema amakanema. Alexi Hawley, wofalitsa wa ndondomeko ya apolisi aku America The [[Rookie]], adatsimikizira kuti, pambuyo pa imfa ya Hutchins, mfuti zonse zamoyo pawonetsero ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mfuti za Airsoft ndi CG kuwala. Eric Kripke, wowonetsa mndandanda wamasewera apamwamba a ku America a The Boys, nawonso adalumbira kuti aletsa zopanda kanthu ndi mfuti pawonetsero wake. Wopanga mafilimu a Bandar Albuliwi pambuyo pake adapereka lingaliro loletsa mfuti zenizeni pamaseti amakanema. Pempho lake loti apange &quot;Lamulo la Halyna&quot; linathandizidwa ndi wojambula komanso wotsogolera Olivia Wilde. Ojambula mafilimu oposa 200 adayitana kalata yotsegula kuti aletse zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu.

Mu Novembala 2021, American Society of Cinematographers idalemekeza ntchito ya Hutchins ngati wojambula makanema pomupatsa umembala wake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welk|first=Brian|date=November 2, 2021|title=Cinematographers Group Calls for Ban of Functional Firearms on Sets After 'Rust' Tragedy|url=https://www.thewrap.com/cinematographers-guns-ban-film-sets-rust/|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=[[The Wrap]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
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      <text bytes="3032" xml:space="preserve">'''Halyna Hutchins''' ([[Chiyukireniya]]: Галина Хатчінс, romanized: Halyna Hatchyns; née [[Androsovych]], Chiyukireniya: Андросович; 1979 - October 21, 2021) anali wojambula kanema waku Ukraine komanso mtolankhani yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakanema opitilira 30, makanema apa TV ndi ma TV. Archnemy, Darlin ', ndi Blindfire. Pa Okutobala 21, 2021, adavulala kwambiri pachiwopsezo chowombera panthawi yopanga filimu yotchedwa Rust.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Julia|last2=Varenikova|first2=Maria|date=2021-10-22|title=A Cinematographer Killed on Set Is Recalled as Talented and Spirited|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/movies/halyna-hutchins-alec-baldwin-rust.html|access-date=2021-10-28|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cholowa ==
Mu Okutobala 2021, atamwalira Hutchins, aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi ake ku American Film Institute adakhazikitsa Halyna Hutchins Memorial Scholarship Fund yodzipereka kuthandiza maphunziro a akatswiri akanema achikazi. Mzimayi wa Hutchins a Matt Hutchins adavomereza ntchitoyi ndipo adapempha aliyense amene akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwake kuti apereke ndalama ku thumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Halyna Hutchins Now Honorary ASC Member|url=https://theasc.com/news/halyna-hutchins-now-honorary-asc-member|website=[[American Society of Cinematographers]]|access-date=November 16, 2021|date=November 15, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tizard|first=Will|date=November 16, 2021|title=Cinematographers Pay Tribute to Fallen Colleague Halyna Hutchins at EnergaCamerimage Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/halyna-hutchins-camerimage-film-festival-1235113070/|access-date=November 16, 2021|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imfa ya Hutchins idauzira kuyitanitsa kusintha kwachitetezo chamfuti pamakanema amakanema. Alexi Hawley, wofalitsa wa ndondomeko ya apolisi aku America The [[Rookie]], adatsimikizira kuti, pambuyo pa imfa ya Hutchins, mfuti zonse zamoyo pawonetsero ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mfuti za Airsoft ndi CG kuwala. Eric Kripke, wowonetsa mndandanda wamasewera apamwamba a ku America a The Boys, nawonso adalumbira kuti aletsa zopanda kanthu ndi mfuti pawonetsero wake. Wopanga mafilimu a Bandar Albuliwi pambuyo pake adapereka lingaliro loletsa mfuti zenizeni pamaseti amakanema. Pempho lake loti apange &quot;Lamulo la Halyna&quot; linathandizidwa ndi wojambula komanso wotsogolera Olivia Wilde. Ojambula mafilimu oposa 200 adayitana kalata yotsegula kuti aletse zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu.

Mu Novembala 2021, American Society of Cinematographers idalemekeza ntchito ya Hutchins ngati wojambula makanema pomupatsa umembala wake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welk|first=Brian|date=November 2, 2021|title=Cinematographers Group Calls for Ban of Functional Firearms on Sets After 'Rust' Tragedy|url=https://www.thewrap.com/cinematographers-guns-ban-film-sets-rust/|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=[[The Wrap]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1979 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3044" xml:space="preserve">'''Halyna Hutchins''' ([[Chiyukireniya]]: Галина Хатчінс, romanized: Halyna Hatchyns; née [[Androsovych]], Chiyukireniya: Андросович; 1979 - October 21, 2021) anali wojambula kanema waku Ukraine komanso mtolankhani yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakanema opitilira 30, makanema apa TV ndi ma TV. [[Archnemy]], [[Darlin]] ', ndi [[Blindfire]]. Pa Okutobala 21, 2021, adavulala kwambiri pachiwopsezo chowombera panthawi yopanga filimu yotchedwa Rust.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Julia|last2=Varenikova|first2=Maria|date=2021-10-22|title=A Cinematographer Killed on Set Is Recalled as Talented and Spirited|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/movies/halyna-hutchins-alec-baldwin-rust.html|access-date=2021-10-28|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cholowa ==
Mu Okutobala 2021, atamwalira Hutchins, aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi ake ku American Film Institute adakhazikitsa Halyna Hutchins Memorial Scholarship Fund yodzipereka kuthandiza maphunziro a akatswiri akanema achikazi. Mzimayi wa Hutchins a Matt Hutchins adavomereza ntchitoyi ndipo adapempha aliyense amene akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwake kuti apereke ndalama ku thumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Halyna Hutchins Now Honorary ASC Member|url=https://theasc.com/news/halyna-hutchins-now-honorary-asc-member|website=[[American Society of Cinematographers]]|access-date=November 16, 2021|date=November 15, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tizard|first=Will|date=November 16, 2021|title=Cinematographers Pay Tribute to Fallen Colleague Halyna Hutchins at EnergaCamerimage Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/halyna-hutchins-camerimage-film-festival-1235113070/|access-date=November 16, 2021|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imfa ya Hutchins idauzira kuyitanitsa kusintha kwachitetezo chamfuti pamakanema amakanema. Alexi Hawley, wofalitsa wa ndondomeko ya apolisi aku America The [[Rookie]], adatsimikizira kuti, pambuyo pa imfa ya Hutchins, mfuti zonse zamoyo pawonetsero ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mfuti za Airsoft ndi CG kuwala. Eric Kripke, wowonetsa mndandanda wamasewera apamwamba a ku America a The Boys, nawonso adalumbira kuti aletsa zopanda kanthu ndi mfuti pawonetsero wake. Wopanga mafilimu a Bandar Albuliwi pambuyo pake adapereka lingaliro loletsa mfuti zenizeni pamaseti amakanema. Pempho lake loti apange &quot;Lamulo la Halyna&quot; linathandizidwa ndi wojambula komanso wotsogolera Olivia Wilde. Ojambula mafilimu oposa 200 adayitana kalata yotsegula kuti aletse zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu.

Mu Novembala 2021, American Society of Cinematographers idalemekeza ntchito ya Hutchins ngati wojambula makanema pomupatsa umembala wake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welk|first=Brian|date=November 2, 2021|title=Cinematographers Group Calls for Ban of Functional Firearms on Sets After 'Rust' Tragedy|url=https://www.thewrap.com/cinematographers-guns-ban-film-sets-rust/|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=[[The Wrap]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1979 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3048" xml:space="preserve">'''Halyna Hutchins''' ([[Chiyukireniya]]: Галина Хатчінс, romanized: Halyna Hatchyns; née [[Androsovych]], Chiyukireniya: Андросович; 1979 - October 21, 2021) anali wojambula kanema waku Ukraine komanso mtolankhani yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakanema opitilira 30, makanema apa TV ndi ma TV. [[Archnemy]], [[Darlin]] ', ndi [[Blindfire]]. Pa Okutobala 21, 2021, adavulala kwambiri pachiwopsezo chowombera panthawi yopanga filimu yotchedwa Rust.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Julia|last2=Varenikova|first2=Maria|date=2021-10-22|title=A Cinematographer Killed on Set Is Recalled as Talented and Spirited|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/movies/halyna-hutchins-alec-baldwin-rust.html|access-date=2021-10-28|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cholowa ==
Mu Okutobala 2021, atamwalira Hutchins, aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi ake ku American Film Institute adakhazikitsa Halyna Hutchins Memorial Scholarship Fund yodzipereka kuthandiza maphunziro a akatswiri akanema achikazi. Mzimayi wa Hutchins a Matt Hutchins adavomereza ntchitoyi ndipo adapempha aliyense amene akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwake kuti apereke ndalama ku thumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Halyna Hutchins Now Honorary ASC Member|url=https://theasc.com/news/halyna-hutchins-now-honorary-asc-member|website=[[American Society of Cinematographers]]|access-date=November 16, 2021|date=November 15, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tizard|first=Will|date=November 16, 2021|title=Cinematographers Pay Tribute to Fallen Colleague Halyna Hutchins at EnergaCamerimage Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/halyna-hutchins-camerimage-film-festival-1235113070/|access-date=November 16, 2021|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imfa ya Hutchins idauzira kuyitanitsa kusintha kwachitetezo chamfuti pamakanema amakanema. Alexi Hawley, wofalitsa wa ndondomeko ya apolisi aku America The [[Rookie]], adatsimikizira kuti, pambuyo pa imfa ya Hutchins, mfuti zonse zamoyo pawonetsero ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mfuti za Airsoft ndi CG kuwala. [[Eric Kripke]], wowonetsa mndandanda wamasewera apamwamba a ku America a The Boys, nawonso adalumbira kuti aletsa zopanda kanthu ndi mfuti pawonetsero wake. Wopanga mafilimu a Bandar Albuliwi pambuyo pake adapereka lingaliro loletsa mfuti zenizeni pamaseti amakanema. Pempho lake loti apange &quot;Lamulo la Halyna&quot; linathandizidwa ndi wojambula komanso wotsogolera Olivia Wilde. Ojambula mafilimu oposa 200 adayitana kalata yotsegula kuti aletse zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu.

Mu Novembala 2021, American Society of Cinematographers idalemekeza ntchito ya Hutchins ngati wojambula makanema pomupatsa umembala wake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welk|first=Brian|date=November 2, 2021|title=Cinematographers Group Calls for Ban of Functional Firearms on Sets After 'Rust' Tragedy|url=https://www.thewrap.com/cinematographers-guns-ban-film-sets-rust/|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=[[The Wrap]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1979 kubadwa]]
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      <text bytes="3052" xml:space="preserve">'''Halyna Hutchins''' ([[Chiyukireniya]]: Галина Хатчінс, romanized: Halyna Hatchyns; née [[Androsovych]], Chiyukireniya: Андросович; 1979 - October 21, 2021) anali wojambula kanema waku Ukraine komanso mtolankhani yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakanema opitilira 30, makanema apa TV ndi ma TV. [[Archnemy]], [[Darlin]] ', ndi [[Blindfire]]. Pa Okutobala 21, 2021, adavulala kwambiri pachiwopsezo chowombera panthawi yopanga filimu yotchedwa Rust.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Jacobs|first1=Julia|last2=Varenikova|first2=Maria|date=2021-10-22|title=A Cinematographer Killed on Set Is Recalled as Talented and Spirited|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/movies/halyna-hutchins-alec-baldwin-rust.html|access-date=2021-10-28|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cholowa ==
Mu Okutobala 2021, atamwalira Hutchins, aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi ake ku American Film Institute adakhazikitsa Halyna Hutchins Memorial Scholarship Fund yodzipereka kuthandiza maphunziro a akatswiri akanema achikazi. Mzimayi wa Hutchins a Matt Hutchins adavomereza ntchitoyi ndipo adapempha aliyense amene akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwake kuti apereke ndalama ku thumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Halyna Hutchins Now Honorary ASC Member|url=https://theasc.com/news/halyna-hutchins-now-honorary-asc-member|website=[[American Society of Cinematographers]]|access-date=November 16, 2021|date=November 15, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tizard|first=Will|date=November 16, 2021|title=Cinematographers Pay Tribute to Fallen Colleague Halyna Hutchins at EnergaCamerimage Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/halyna-hutchins-camerimage-film-festival-1235113070/|access-date=November 16, 2021|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imfa ya Hutchins idauzira kuyitanitsa kusintha kwachitetezo chamfuti pamakanema amakanema. Alexi Hawley, wofalitsa wa ndondomeko ya apolisi aku America The [[Rookie]], adatsimikizira kuti, pambuyo pa imfa ya Hutchins, mfuti zonse zamoyo pawonetsero ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mfuti za [[Airsoft]] ndi CG kuwala. [[Eric Kripke]], wowonetsa mndandanda wamasewera apamwamba a ku America a The Boys, nawonso adalumbira kuti aletsa zopanda kanthu ndi mfuti pawonetsero wake. Wopanga mafilimu a Bandar Albuliwi pambuyo pake adapereka lingaliro loletsa mfuti zenizeni pamaseti amakanema. Pempho lake loti apange &quot;Lamulo la Halyna&quot; linathandizidwa ndi wojambula komanso wotsogolera Olivia Wilde. Ojambula mafilimu oposa 200 adayitana kalata yotsegula kuti aletse zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu.

Mu Novembala 2021, American Society of Cinematographers idalemekeza ntchito ya Hutchins ngati wojambula makanema pomupatsa umembala wake.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welk|first=Brian|date=November 2, 2021|title=Cinematographers Group Calls for Ban of Functional Firearms on Sets After 'Rust' Tragedy|url=https://www.thewrap.com/cinematographers-guns-ban-film-sets-rust/|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=[[The Wrap]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1979 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Martha Henry</title>
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      <text bytes="3440" xml:space="preserve">'''Martha Kathleen Henry''' CC OOnt (née Buhs; February 17, 1938 - Okutobala 21, 2021) anali wobadwira ku Canada siteji, kanema, komanso wosewera pa TV. Anadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa Chikondwerero cha Stratford ku Stratford, [[Ontario]]. Makolo ake, Kathleen (née Hatch) ndi Lloyd Howard Buhs, adasudzulana ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anakulira mdera lakumpoto la Detroit ku [[Bloomfield]] Hills, [[Michigan]], adapita ku Kingswood School (lero Cranbrook Kingswood School), ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku dipatimenti ya sewero ku Carnegie Institute of Technology asanasamukire ku Canada mu 1959. Pambuyo pake adatengera dzina la sitejiyo Henry. , dzina lovomerezeka la mwamuna wake woyamba Donnelly Rhodes, yemwe adakwatirana naye mu 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sperdakos&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/tric/article/view/7117/8176|title=Acting in Canada: Frances Hyland, Kate Reid, Martha Henry and the Stratford Festival's 1965 The Cherry Orchard|first=Paula|last=Sperdakos|date=Spring 1998|volume=19|issue=1|journal=Theatre Research in Canada|doi=10.3138/tric.19.1.35|access-date=October 22, 2021|issn=1913-9101|archive-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615181247/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/TRIC/article/view/7117/8176|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Henry anachita ku Toronto's Crest Theatre atangofika ku Canada, ndipo posakhalitsa analandiridwa m'kalasi yoyamba pa National Theatre School ku Montreal. Mu 1961, Sukulu ya Theatre inatengera ophunzira ake ku Stratford kuti akachite zisankho za kampani ya Chikondwerero. Henry adachita chidwi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Zojambula Michael Langham, yemwe adamupatsa malo mu kampani ya 1962 kutengera momwe adachitira tsikulo. Kuvomereza zoperekazo kukanafuna kuti Henry achoke ku Sukulu ya Theatre gawo limodzi ndi pulogalamu ya zaka zitatu, komabe Mtsogoleri wa NTS Powys Thomas adamuuza kuti atenge mwayiwo, ponena kuti aphunzira zambiri ndi kampani ya Stratford kusiyana ndi Sukulu ya Theatre. Analandira mwayiwo ndipo anapatsidwa dipuloma patsogolo pa kalasi yotsegulira, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala woyamba kumaliza maphunziro a Sukulu ya Theatre.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Base|first1=Ron|title=Leon Marr's a word-of-mouth success story|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 11, 1986|id={{ProQuest|435492698}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Mabanja a Henry ndi Rhodes, Douglas Rain, ndi Rod Beattie onse anatha m’chisudzulo. Anali ndi mwana mmodzi (Emma) ndi Mvula. Henry anamwalira ndi khansa patangopita pakati pausiku pa Okutobala 21, 2021, kunyumba kwawo ku Stratford, Ontario, patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri kuchokera pomwe adawonekera mu Atatu Atali Atali.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVG Filmography&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Martha Henry List of Movies and TV Shows|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|work=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024014850/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotten Tomatoes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry|title=Martha Henry|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209162538/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="3444" xml:space="preserve">'''Martha Kathleen Henry''' CC OOnt (née Buhs; February 17, 1938 - Okutobala 21, 2021) anali wobadwira ku Canada siteji, kanema, komanso wosewera pa TV. Anadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa Chikondwerero cha Stratford ku Stratford, [[Ontario]]. Makolo ake, Kathleen (née Hatch) ndi [[Lloyd Howard Buhs]], adasudzulana ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anakulira mdera lakumpoto la Detroit ku [[Bloomfield]] Hills, [[Michigan]], adapita ku Kingswood School (lero Cranbrook Kingswood School), ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku dipatimenti ya sewero ku Carnegie Institute of Technology asanasamukire ku Canada mu 1959. Pambuyo pake adatengera dzina la sitejiyo Henry. , dzina lovomerezeka la mwamuna wake woyamba Donnelly Rhodes, yemwe adakwatirana naye mu 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sperdakos&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/tric/article/view/7117/8176|title=Acting in Canada: Frances Hyland, Kate Reid, Martha Henry and the Stratford Festival's 1965 The Cherry Orchard|first=Paula|last=Sperdakos|date=Spring 1998|volume=19|issue=1|journal=Theatre Research in Canada|doi=10.3138/tric.19.1.35|access-date=October 22, 2021|issn=1913-9101|archive-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615181247/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/TRIC/article/view/7117/8176|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Henry anachita ku Toronto's Crest Theatre atangofika ku Canada, ndipo posakhalitsa analandiridwa m'kalasi yoyamba pa National Theatre School ku Montreal. Mu 1961, Sukulu ya Theatre inatengera ophunzira ake ku Stratford kuti akachite zisankho za kampani ya Chikondwerero. Henry adachita chidwi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Zojambula Michael Langham, yemwe adamupatsa malo mu kampani ya 1962 kutengera momwe adachitira tsikulo. Kuvomereza zoperekazo kukanafuna kuti Henry achoke ku Sukulu ya Theatre gawo limodzi ndi pulogalamu ya zaka zitatu, komabe Mtsogoleri wa NTS Powys Thomas adamuuza kuti atenge mwayiwo, ponena kuti aphunzira zambiri ndi kampani ya Stratford kusiyana ndi Sukulu ya Theatre. Analandira mwayiwo ndipo anapatsidwa dipuloma patsogolo pa kalasi yotsegulira, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala woyamba kumaliza maphunziro a Sukulu ya Theatre.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Base|first1=Ron|title=Leon Marr's a word-of-mouth success story|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 11, 1986|id={{ProQuest|435492698}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Mabanja a Henry ndi Rhodes, Douglas Rain, ndi Rod Beattie onse anatha m’chisudzulo. Anali ndi mwana mmodzi (Emma) ndi Mvula. Henry anamwalira ndi khansa patangopita pakati pausiku pa Okutobala 21, 2021, kunyumba kwawo ku Stratford, Ontario, patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri kuchokera pomwe adawonekera mu Atatu Atali Atali.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVG Filmography&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Martha Henry List of Movies and TV Shows|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|work=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024014850/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotten Tomatoes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry|title=Martha Henry|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209162538/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1938 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3448" xml:space="preserve">'''Martha Kathleen Henry''' CC OOnt (née Buhs; February 17, 1938 - Okutobala 21, 2021) anali wobadwira ku Canada siteji, kanema, komanso wosewera pa TV. Anadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa Chikondwerero cha Stratford ku Stratford, [[Ontario]]. Makolo ake, Kathleen (née Hatch) ndi [[Lloyd Howard Buhs]], adasudzulana ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anakulira mdera lakumpoto la Detroit ku [[Bloomfield]] Hills, [[Michigan]], adapita ku Kingswood School (lero Cranbrook Kingswood School), ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku dipatimenti ya sewero ku Carnegie Institute of Technology asanasamukire ku Canada mu 1959. Pambuyo pake adatengera dzina la sitejiyo Henry. , dzina lovomerezeka la mwamuna wake woyamba Donnelly Rhodes, yemwe adakwatirana naye mu 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sperdakos&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/tric/article/view/7117/8176|title=Acting in Canada: Frances Hyland, Kate Reid, Martha Henry and the Stratford Festival's 1965 The Cherry Orchard|first=Paula|last=Sperdakos|date=Spring 1998|volume=19|issue=1|journal=Theatre Research in Canada|doi=10.3138/tric.19.1.35|access-date=October 22, 2021|issn=1913-9101|archive-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615181247/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/TRIC/article/view/7117/8176|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Henry anachita ku Toronto's Crest Theatre atangofika ku [[Canada]], ndipo posakhalitsa analandiridwa m'kalasi yoyamba pa National Theatre School ku Montreal. Mu 1961, Sukulu ya Theatre inatengera ophunzira ake ku Stratford kuti akachite zisankho za kampani ya Chikondwerero. Henry adachita chidwi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Zojambula Michael Langham, yemwe adamupatsa malo mu kampani ya 1962 kutengera momwe adachitira tsikulo. Kuvomereza zoperekazo kukanafuna kuti Henry achoke ku Sukulu ya Theatre gawo limodzi ndi pulogalamu ya zaka zitatu, komabe Mtsogoleri wa NTS Powys Thomas adamuuza kuti atenge mwayiwo, ponena kuti aphunzira zambiri ndi kampani ya Stratford kusiyana ndi Sukulu ya Theatre. Analandira mwayiwo ndipo anapatsidwa dipuloma patsogolo pa kalasi yotsegulira, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala woyamba kumaliza maphunziro a Sukulu ya Theatre.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Base|first1=Ron|title=Leon Marr's a word-of-mouth success story|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 11, 1986|id={{ProQuest|435492698}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Mabanja a Henry ndi Rhodes, Douglas Rain, ndi Rod Beattie onse anatha m’chisudzulo. Anali ndi mwana mmodzi (Emma) ndi Mvula. Henry anamwalira ndi khansa patangopita pakati pausiku pa Okutobala 21, 2021, kunyumba kwawo ku Stratford, Ontario, patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri kuchokera pomwe adawonekera mu Atatu Atali Atali.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVG Filmography&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Martha Henry List of Movies and TV Shows|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|work=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024014850/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotten Tomatoes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry|title=Martha Henry|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209162538/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
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      <text bytes="3452" xml:space="preserve">'''Martha Kathleen Henry''' CC OOnt (née Buhs; February 17, 1938 - Okutobala 21, 2021) anali wobadwira ku Canada siteji, kanema, komanso wosewera pa TV. Anadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa Chikondwerero cha Stratford ku Stratford, [[Ontario]]. Makolo ake, Kathleen (née Hatch) ndi [[Lloyd Howard Buhs]], adasudzulana ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anakulira mdera lakumpoto la Detroit ku [[Bloomfield]] Hills, [[Michigan]], adapita ku Kingswood School (lero Cranbrook Kingswood School), ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku dipatimenti ya sewero ku Carnegie Institute of Technology asanasamukire ku Canada mu 1959. Pambuyo pake adatengera dzina la sitejiyo Henry. , dzina lovomerezeka la mwamuna wake woyamba Donnelly Rhodes, yemwe adakwatirana naye mu 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sperdakos&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/tric/article/view/7117/8176|title=Acting in Canada: Frances Hyland, Kate Reid, Martha Henry and the Stratford Festival's 1965 The Cherry Orchard|first=Paula|last=Sperdakos|date=Spring 1998|volume=19|issue=1|journal=Theatre Research in Canada|doi=10.3138/tric.19.1.35|access-date=October 22, 2021|issn=1913-9101|archive-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615181247/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/TRIC/article/view/7117/8176|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Henry anachita ku [[Toronto's]] Crest Theatre atangofika ku [[Canada]], ndipo posakhalitsa analandiridwa m'kalasi yoyamba pa National Theatre School ku Montreal. Mu 1961, Sukulu ya Theatre inatengera ophunzira ake ku Stratford kuti akachite zisankho za kampani ya Chikondwerero. Henry adachita chidwi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Zojambula Michael Langham, yemwe adamupatsa malo mu kampani ya 1962 kutengera momwe adachitira tsikulo. Kuvomereza zoperekazo kukanafuna kuti Henry achoke ku Sukulu ya Theatre gawo limodzi ndi pulogalamu ya zaka zitatu, komabe Mtsogoleri wa NTS Powys Thomas adamuuza kuti atenge mwayiwo, ponena kuti aphunzira zambiri ndi kampani ya Stratford kusiyana ndi Sukulu ya Theatre. Analandira mwayiwo ndipo anapatsidwa dipuloma patsogolo pa kalasi yotsegulira, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala woyamba kumaliza maphunziro a Sukulu ya Theatre.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Base|first1=Ron|title=Leon Marr's a word-of-mouth success story|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 11, 1986|id={{ProQuest|435492698}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Mabanja a Henry ndi Rhodes, Douglas Rain, ndi Rod Beattie onse anatha m’chisudzulo. Anali ndi mwana mmodzi (Emma) ndi Mvula. Henry anamwalira ndi khansa patangopita pakati pausiku pa Okutobala 21, 2021, kunyumba kwawo ku Stratford, Ontario, patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri kuchokera pomwe adawonekera mu Atatu Atali Atali.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVG Filmography&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Martha Henry List of Movies and TV Shows|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|work=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024014850/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotten Tomatoes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry|title=Martha Henry|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209162538/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1938 kubadwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3456" xml:space="preserve">'''Martha Kathleen Henry''' CC OOnt (née Buhs; February 17, 1938 - Okutobala 21, 2021) anali wobadwira ku Canada siteji, kanema, komanso wosewera pa TV. Anadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa Chikondwerero cha Stratford ku Stratford, [[Ontario]]. Makolo ake, Kathleen (née Hatch) ndi [[Lloyd Howard Buhs]], adasudzulana ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anakulira mdera lakumpoto la Detroit ku [[Bloomfield]] Hills, [[Michigan]], adapita ku Kingswood School (lero Cranbrook Kingswood School), ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku dipatimenti ya sewero ku Carnegie Institute of Technology asanasamukire ku Canada mu 1959. Pambuyo pake adatengera dzina la sitejiyo Henry. , dzina lovomerezeka la mwamuna wake woyamba Donnelly Rhodes, yemwe adakwatirana naye mu 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sperdakos&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/tric/article/view/7117/8176|title=Acting in Canada: Frances Hyland, Kate Reid, Martha Henry and the Stratford Festival's 1965 The Cherry Orchard|first=Paula|last=Sperdakos|date=Spring 1998|volume=19|issue=1|journal=Theatre Research in Canada|doi=10.3138/tric.19.1.35|access-date=October 22, 2021|issn=1913-9101|archive-date=June 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615181247/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/TRIC/article/view/7117/8176|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Henry]] anachita ku [[Toronto's]] Crest Theatre atangofika ku [[Canada]], ndipo posakhalitsa analandiridwa m'kalasi yoyamba pa National Theatre School ku Montreal. Mu 1961, Sukulu ya Theatre inatengera ophunzira ake ku Stratford kuti akachite zisankho za kampani ya Chikondwerero. Henry adachita chidwi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Zojambula Michael Langham, yemwe adamupatsa malo mu kampani ya 1962 kutengera momwe adachitira tsikulo. Kuvomereza zoperekazo kukanafuna kuti Henry achoke ku Sukulu ya Theatre gawo limodzi ndi pulogalamu ya zaka zitatu, komabe Mtsogoleri wa NTS Powys Thomas adamuuza kuti atenge mwayiwo, ponena kuti aphunzira zambiri ndi kampani ya Stratford kusiyana ndi Sukulu ya Theatre. Analandira mwayiwo ndipo anapatsidwa dipuloma patsogolo pa kalasi yotsegulira, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala woyamba kumaliza maphunziro a Sukulu ya Theatre.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Base|first1=Ron|title=Leon Marr's a word-of-mouth success story|work=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 11, 1986|id={{ProQuest|435492698}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moyo waumwini ==
Mabanja a Henry ndi Rhodes, Douglas Rain, ndi Rod Beattie onse anatha m’chisudzulo. Anali ndi mwana mmodzi (Emma) ndi Mvula. Henry anamwalira ndi khansa patangopita pakati pausiku pa Okutobala 21, 2021, kunyumba kwawo ku Stratford, Ontario, patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri kuchokera pomwe adawonekera mu Atatu Atali Atali.&lt;ref name=&quot;TVG Filmography&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Martha Henry List of Movies and TV Shows|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|work=[[TV Guide]]|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024014850/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/martha-henry/credits/3000250717/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rotten Tomatoes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry|title=Martha Henry|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=December 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209162538/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/martha_henry/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
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  <page>
    <title>Bernard Haitink</title>
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      <text bytes="1996" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bernard Haitink 1984b.jpg|thumb|334x334px|Bernard Haitink mu 1984]]
'''Bernard Johan Herman Haitink''' CH KBE ([[Dutch]]: [ˈbɛrnɑrt ˈɦaːi̯tɪŋk]; 4 Marichi 1929&lt;ref name=&quot;nytobit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Schweitzer|first=Vivien|date=21 October 2021|title=Bernard Haitink, Conductor Who Let Music Speak for Itself, Dies at 92|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/21/arts/music/bernard-haitink-dead.html|access-date=22 October 2021|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; - 21 Okutobala 2021) anali wokonda ku Dutch komanso woyimba zemba. Anali wotsogolera wamkulu wa oimba angapo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ndi Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra mu 1961. Anasamukira ku London, monga wotsogolera wamkulu wa London Philharmonic Orchestra kuchokera ku 1967 mpaka 1979, wotsogolera nyimbo ku Glyndebourne Opera kuyambira 1978 mpaka 1988 Opera House kuyambira 1987 mpaka 2002, pomwe adakhala kondakitala wamkulu wa Staatskapelle Dresden.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hupka&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.schenkerdocumentsonline.org/profiles/person/entity-000399.html|title=Schenker Documents Online|access-date=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pomaliza, anali kondakita wamkulu wa Chicago Symphony Orchestra kuchokera ku 2006 mpaka 2010. Cholinga cha kujambula kwake kwakukulu chinali ma symphonies akale ndi nyimbo za orchestra, koma ankachititsanso zisudzo. Adachita makonsati 90 ku The Proms ku London, komaliza pa 3 Seputembala 2019 ndi Vienna Philharmonic.&lt;ref name=&quot;Norris&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3613533/It-was-all-egos.-There-are-still-a-few-scars.html|title=It was all egos|work=The Daily Telegraph|author=Geoffrey Norris|date=9 March 2004|access-date=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mphotho zake zikuphatikiza Mphotho ya Grammy ndi Mphotho ya Gramophone ya 2015 pazomwe adachita pamoyo wake wonse.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Leitner Ferdinand Leitner] britannica.com&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1929 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2000" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bernard Haitink 1984b.jpg|thumb|334x334px|Bernard Haitink mu 1984]]
'''Bernard Johan Herman Haitink''' CH KBE ([[Dutch]]: [ˈbɛrnɑrt ˈɦaːi̯tɪŋk]; 4 Marichi 1929&lt;ref name=&quot;nytobit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Schweitzer|first=Vivien|date=21 October 2021|title=Bernard Haitink, Conductor Who Let Music Speak for Itself, Dies at 92|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/21/arts/music/bernard-haitink-dead.html|access-date=22 October 2021|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; - 21 Okutobala 2021) anali wokonda ku Dutch komanso woyimba zemba. Anali wotsogolera wamkulu wa oimba angapo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ndi Royal Concertgebouw [[Orchestra]] mu 1961. Anasamukira ku London, monga wotsogolera wamkulu wa London Philharmonic Orchestra kuchokera ku 1967 mpaka 1979, wotsogolera nyimbo ku Glyndebourne Opera kuyambira 1978 mpaka 1988 Opera House kuyambira 1987 mpaka 2002, pomwe adakhala kondakitala wamkulu wa Staatskapelle Dresden.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hupka&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.schenkerdocumentsonline.org/profiles/person/entity-000399.html|title=Schenker Documents Online|access-date=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pomaliza, anali kondakita wamkulu wa Chicago Symphony Orchestra kuchokera ku 2006 mpaka 2010. Cholinga cha kujambula kwake kwakukulu chinali ma symphonies akale ndi nyimbo za orchestra, koma ankachititsanso zisudzo. Adachita makonsati 90 ku The Proms ku London, komaliza pa 3 Seputembala 2019 ndi Vienna Philharmonic.&lt;ref name=&quot;Norris&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3613533/It-was-all-egos.-There-are-still-a-few-scars.html|title=It was all egos|work=The Daily Telegraph|author=Geoffrey Norris|date=9 March 2004|access-date=4 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mphotho zake zikuphatikiza Mphotho ya Grammy ndi Mphotho ya Gramophone ya 2015 pazomwe adachita pamoyo wake wonse.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Leitner Ferdinand Leitner] britannica.com&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1929 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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'''Johann Haselböck''' (26 Julayi 1928 - 20 Okutobala 2021) anali woimba waku Austria, wopeka, wolemba komanso mphunzitsi wamaphunziro. Anali wagulu ku [[Dominican]] Church, Vienna, kwa zaka 65, ndipo anali pulofesa wa organ and improvisation pa Vienna Music Academy, komwe pambuyo pake adakhalanso wamkulu wa gulu la nyimbo za tchalitchi komanso ngati wachiwiri kwa rector. Anapereka ma concert ku Ulaya, North America, ndi Near and Far East. Haselböck amadziwika kuti ndi mpainiya wa nyimbo za tchalitchi cha Katolika m'chinenero cha Chijeremani pambuyo pa Second Vatican Council.&lt;ref name=&quot;Diocese&quot;&gt;[https://www.erzdioezese-wien.at/site/home/nachrichten/article/97355.html Kirchenmusik-Pionier Hans Haselböck verstorben] (in German) Diocese of Vienna, 21 October 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Haselböck anabadwira ku Nesselstauden, komwe tsopano ndi gawo la Bergern im Dunkelsteinerwald. Anapita ku bwalo la masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Krems, Lower Austria, kukwaniritsa Matura mu 1947.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ö1&quot;&gt;[https://oe1.orf.at/programm/20150524/390967/Menschenbilder Menschenbilder / &quot;Die Welt der Orgel&quot; – Hans Haselböck] (in German) [[Ö1]] 24 May 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Kenako anaphunzira nyimbo za organ ndi tchalitchi pa Vienna Conservatory ndi Vienna Music Academy, [5] anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1952. Anaphunziranso maphunziro a Classics ndi German. amaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Vienna, komwe adakwezedwa kukhala doctorate mu 1953. Kuyambira pa 4 November 1949, adakali akuphunzira, Haselböck anakhala woimba ku Dominican Church, Vienna, ndipo anakhala ndi ofesi kwa zaka 65. Anaphunzitsanso Chilatini ndi Chijeremani ku Sigmund-Freud-Gymnasium pambuyo pake. Anapindula mphoto yoyamba ku Internationaler Orgelimprovisationswettbewerb Haarlem [de], mpikisano wapadziko lonse wokonzanso ziwalo pa tchalitchi cha St. Bavo, katatu motsatizana mpaka 1960. Chaka chimenecho, anayamba kuphunzitsa organ ndi improvisation ku Vienna Music Academy. Anatsogolera luso la nyimbo za tchalitchi kuyambira 1963 mpaka 1987. Anasankhidwa kukhala pulofesa mu 1972. Anali wachiwiri kwa rector kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Doblinger&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=2021|title=Haselböck, Hans|url=https://doblinger-musikverlag.at/de/komponistinnen/haselb%C3%B6ck-hans-66|language=de|publisher=Doblinger|location=Vienna|access-date=23 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1928 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2435" xml:space="preserve">[[File:2018-X20 Hans Haselböck.jpg|thumb|339x339px]]
'''Johann Haselböck''' (26 Julayi 1928 - 20 Okutobala 2021) anali woimba waku Austria, wopeka, wolemba komanso mphunzitsi wamaphunziro. Anali wagulu ku [[Dominican]] Church, Vienna, kwa zaka 65, ndipo anali pulofesa wa organ and improvisation pa Vienna Music Academy, komwe pambuyo pake adakhalanso wamkulu wa gulu la nyimbo za tchalitchi komanso ngati wachiwiri kwa rector. Anapereka ma concert ku Ulaya, [[North America]], ndi Near and Far East. Haselböck amadziwika kuti ndi mpainiya wa nyimbo za tchalitchi cha Katolika m'chinenero cha Chijeremani pambuyo pa Second Vatican Council.&lt;ref name=&quot;Diocese&quot;&gt;[https://www.erzdioezese-wien.at/site/home/nachrichten/article/97355.html Kirchenmusik-Pionier Hans Haselböck verstorben] (in German) Diocese of Vienna, 21 October 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Haselböck anabadwira ku Nesselstauden, komwe tsopano ndi gawo la Bergern im Dunkelsteinerwald. Anapita ku bwalo la masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Krems, Lower Austria, kukwaniritsa Matura mu 1947.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ö1&quot;&gt;[https://oe1.orf.at/programm/20150524/390967/Menschenbilder Menschenbilder / &quot;Die Welt der Orgel&quot; – Hans Haselböck] (in German) [[Ö1]] 24 May 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Kenako anaphunzira nyimbo za organ ndi tchalitchi pa Vienna Conservatory ndi Vienna Music Academy, [5] anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1952. Anaphunziranso maphunziro a Classics ndi German. amaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Vienna, komwe adakwezedwa kukhala doctorate mu 1953. Kuyambira pa 4 November 1949, adakali akuphunzira, Haselböck anakhala woimba ku Dominican Church, Vienna, ndipo anakhala ndi ofesi kwa zaka 65. Anaphunzitsanso Chilatini ndi Chijeremani ku Sigmund-Freud-Gymnasium pambuyo pake. Anapindula mphoto yoyamba ku Internationaler Orgelimprovisationswettbewerb Haarlem [de], mpikisano wapadziko lonse wokonzanso ziwalo pa tchalitchi cha St. Bavo, katatu motsatizana mpaka 1960. Chaka chimenecho, anayamba kuphunzitsa organ ndi improvisation ku Vienna Music Academy. Anatsogolera luso la nyimbo za tchalitchi kuyambira 1963 mpaka 1987. Anasankhidwa kukhala pulofesa mu 1972. Anali wachiwiri kwa rector kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Doblinger&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=2021|title=Haselböck, Hans|url=https://doblinger-musikverlag.at/de/komponistinnen/haselb%C3%B6ck-hans-66|language=de|publisher=Doblinger|location=Vienna|access-date=23 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1928 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="2443" xml:space="preserve">[[File:2018-X20 Hans Haselböck.jpg|thumb|339x339px]]
'''Johann Haselböck''' (26 Julayi 1928 - 20 Okutobala 2021) anali woimba waku Austria, wopeka, wolemba komanso mphunzitsi wamaphunziro. Anali wagulu ku [[Dominican]] Church, [[Vienna]], kwa zaka 65, ndipo anali pulofesa wa organ and improvisation pa Vienna Music Academy, komwe pambuyo pake adakhalanso wamkulu wa gulu la nyimbo za tchalitchi komanso ngati wachiwiri kwa rector. Anapereka ma concert ku Ulaya, [[North America]], ndi [[Near]] and Far East. Haselböck amadziwika kuti ndi mpainiya wa nyimbo za tchalitchi cha Katolika m'chinenero cha Chijeremani pambuyo pa Second Vatican Council.&lt;ref name=&quot;Diocese&quot;&gt;[https://www.erzdioezese-wien.at/site/home/nachrichten/article/97355.html Kirchenmusik-Pionier Hans Haselböck verstorben] (in German) Diocese of Vienna, 21 October 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Haselböck anabadwira ku Nesselstauden, komwe tsopano ndi gawo la Bergern im Dunkelsteinerwald. Anapita ku bwalo la masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Krems, Lower Austria, kukwaniritsa Matura mu 1947.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ö1&quot;&gt;[https://oe1.orf.at/programm/20150524/390967/Menschenbilder Menschenbilder / &quot;Die Welt der Orgel&quot; – Hans Haselböck] (in German) [[Ö1]] 24 May 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Kenako anaphunzira nyimbo za organ ndi tchalitchi pa Vienna Conservatory ndi Vienna Music Academy, [5] anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1952. Anaphunziranso maphunziro a Classics ndi German. amaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Vienna, komwe adakwezedwa kukhala doctorate mu 1953. Kuyambira pa 4 November 1949, adakali akuphunzira, Haselböck anakhala woimba ku Dominican Church, Vienna, ndipo anakhala ndi ofesi kwa zaka 65. Anaphunzitsanso Chilatini ndi Chijeremani ku Sigmund-Freud-Gymnasium pambuyo pake. Anapindula mphoto yoyamba ku Internationaler Orgelimprovisationswettbewerb Haarlem [de], mpikisano wapadziko lonse wokonzanso ziwalo pa tchalitchi cha St. Bavo, katatu motsatizana mpaka 1960. Chaka chimenecho, anayamba kuphunzitsa organ ndi improvisation ku Vienna Music Academy. Anatsogolera luso la nyimbo za tchalitchi kuyambira 1963 mpaka 1987. Anasankhidwa kukhala pulofesa mu 1972. Anali wachiwiri kwa rector kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Doblinger&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=2021|title=Haselböck, Hans|url=https://doblinger-musikverlag.at/de/komponistinnen/haselb%C3%B6ck-hans-66|language=de|publisher=Doblinger|location=Vienna|access-date=23 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:1928 kubandwa]]
[[Category:2021 imfa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1972 UEFA Cup Final</title>
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      <text bytes="4554" xml:space="preserve">Mu '''1972 UEFA Cup Final''' inali yomaliza ya mpikisano woyamba wa mpira wa UEFA Cup. Unali mpikisano wamiyendo iwiri womwe udaseweredwa pa 3 Meyi ndi 17 Meyi 1972 pakati pa makalabu awiri achingerezi, Wolverhampton Wanderers ndi [[Tottenham Hotspur]]. Aka kanali komaliza koyamba mumpikisano wa makalabu a UEFA kukhala ndi matimu awiri abungwe lomwelo.

Tottenham Hotspur idapambana 3-2 pamagulu onse. Chigonjetso cha 2-1 kuchokera kunyumba mumsewu woyamba chidakhala chotsimikizika kwa iwo, pomwe Martin Chivers adagoletsa wopambana mochedwa, kuwombera mosaletseka kuchokera pamayadi 25. Kenako adagwira Wolves 1-1 mumpikisano wachiwiri kuti apambane mpikisano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Martin Chivers on Tottenham's 1972 UEFA Cup win|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2280983.html#/|access-date=22 January 2018|publisher=UEFA|date=17 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=On this day: Wolves lose the first UEFA Cup final|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2016/05/17/on-this-day-wolves-lose-the-first-uefa-cup-final|access-date=22 January 2018|work=Express and Star|date=17 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njira yopita komaliza ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Round
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur]]
|- style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;
|Opponent
|Agg.
|1st leg
|2nd leg
|Opponent
|Agg.
|1st leg
|2nd leg
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|POR}} [[Académica]]
|7–1
|3–0 (H)
|4–1 (A)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |First round
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Keflavík]]
|15–1
|6–1 (A)
|9–0 (H)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|NED}} [[ADO Den Haag]]
|7–1
|3–1 (A)
|4–0 (H)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |Second round
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|FRA|1794}} [[Nantes]]
|1–0
|0–0 (A)
|1–0 (H)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|GDR}} [[Carl Zeiss Jena]]
|4–0
|1–0 (A)
|3–0 (H)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |Third round
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ROU|1965}} [[Rapid București]]
|5–0
|3–0 (H)
|2–0 (A)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus]]
|3–2
|1–1 (A)
|2–1 (H)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |Quarter-finals
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ROU|1965}} [[UTA Arad]]
|3–1
|2–0 (A)
|1–1 (H)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Ferencváros]]
|4–3
|2–2 (A)
|2–1 (H)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |Semi-finals
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan]]
|3–2
|2–1 (H)
|1–1 (A)
|}

== Tsatanetsatane wamasewera ==

=== Njira yoyamba ===
{{football box||date=3 May 1972|time=19:30 [[Western European Summer Time|BST]]|team1=[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] {{flagicon|ENG}}|score=1–2|report=[https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/64112--wolves-vs-tottenham/ lipoti]|team2={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]|goals1=[[Jim McCalliog|McCalliog]] {{goal|72}}|goals2=[[Martin Chivers|Chivers]] {{goal|57||87}}|stadium=[[Molineux Stadium|Molineux]], [[Wolverhampton]]|attendance=38,362|referee=[[Tofiq Bahramov]] ([[Football Federation of the Soviet Union|Soviet&amp;nbsp;Union]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FF9900|body=FF9900|rightarm=FF9900|shorts=000000|socks=FF9900|title=Wolverhampton Wanderers}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=FFFFFF|title=Tottenham Hotspur}}
|}

=== Mwendo wachiwiri ===
{{football box|date=17 May 1972|time=19:45 [[Western European Summer Time|BST]]|team1=[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] {{flagicon|ENG}}|score=1–1|report=[https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/64113--tottenham-vs-wolves/ lipoti]|team2={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]|goals1=[[Alan Mullery|Mullery]] {{goal|29}}|goals2=[[Dave Wagstaffe|Wagstaffe]] {{goal|40}}|stadium=[[White Hart Lane]], [[London]]|attendance=54,303|referee=[[Laurens van Ravens]] ([[Royal Dutch Football Association|Netherlands]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=FFFFFF|title=Tottenham Hotspur}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FF9900|body=FF9900|rightarm=FF9900|shorts=000000|socks=FF9900|title=Wolverhampton Wanderers}}
|}

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Masewera omaliza a mpira]]
[[Category:1972 ku London]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4558" xml:space="preserve">Mu '''1972 UEFA Cup Final''' inali yomaliza ya mpikisano woyamba wa mpira wa UEFA Cup. Unali mpikisano wamiyendo iwiri womwe udaseweredwa pa 3 Meyi ndi 17 Meyi 1972 pakati pa makalabu awiri achingerezi, Wolverhampton Wanderers ndi [[Tottenham Hotspur]]. Aka kanali komaliza koyamba mumpikisano wa makalabu a UEFA kukhala ndi matimu awiri abungwe lomwelo.

Tottenham Hotspur idapambana 3-2 pamagulu onse. Chigonjetso cha 2-1 kuchokera kunyumba mumsewu woyamba chidakhala chotsimikizika kwa iwo, pomwe [[Martin Chivers]] adagoletsa wopambana mochedwa, kuwombera mosaletseka kuchokera pamayadi 25. Kenako adagwira Wolves 1-1 mumpikisano wachiwiri kuti apambane mpikisano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Martin Chivers on Tottenham's 1972 UEFA Cup win|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2280983.html#/|access-date=22 January 2018|publisher=UEFA|date=17 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=On this day: Wolves lose the first UEFA Cup final|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/wolverhampton-wanderers-fc/2016/05/17/on-this-day-wolves-lose-the-first-uefa-cup-final|access-date=22 January 2018|work=Express and Star|date=17 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njira yopita komaliza ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Round
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur]]
|- style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;
|Opponent
|Agg.
|1st leg
|2nd leg
|Opponent
|Agg.
|1st leg
|2nd leg
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|POR}} [[Académica]]
|7–1
|3–0 (H)
|4–1 (A)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |First round
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Keflavík]]
|15–1
|6–1 (A)
|9–0 (H)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|NED}} [[ADO Den Haag]]
|7–1
|3–1 (A)
|4–0 (H)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |Second round
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|FRA|1794}} [[Nantes]]
|1–0
|0–0 (A)
|1–0 (H)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|GDR}} [[Carl Zeiss Jena]]
|4–0
|1–0 (A)
|3–0 (H)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |Third round
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ROU|1965}} [[Rapid București]]
|5–0
|3–0 (H)
|2–0 (A)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus]]
|3–2
|1–1 (A)
|2–1 (H)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |Quarter-finals
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ROU|1965}} [[UTA Arad]]
|3–1
|2–0 (A)
|1–1 (H)
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Ferencváros]]
|4–3
|2–2 (A)
|2–1 (H)
| style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot; |Semi-finals
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[A.C. Milan]]
|3–2
|2–1 (H)
|1–1 (A)
|}

== Tsatanetsatane wamasewera ==

=== Njira yoyamba ===
{{football box||date=3 May 1972|time=19:30 [[Western European Summer Time|BST]]|team1=[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] {{flagicon|ENG}}|score=1–2|report=[https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/64112--wolves-vs-tottenham/ lipoti]|team2={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]|goals1=[[Jim McCalliog|McCalliog]] {{goal|72}}|goals2=[[Martin Chivers|Chivers]] {{goal|57||87}}|stadium=[[Molineux Stadium|Molineux]], [[Wolverhampton]]|attendance=38,362|referee=[[Tofiq Bahramov]] ([[Football Federation of the Soviet Union|Soviet&amp;nbsp;Union]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FF9900|body=FF9900|rightarm=FF9900|shorts=000000|socks=FF9900|title=Wolverhampton Wanderers}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=FFFFFF|title=Tottenham Hotspur}}
|}

=== Mwendo wachiwiri ===
{{football box|date=17 May 1972|time=19:45 [[Western European Summer Time|BST]]|team1=[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] {{flagicon|ENG}}|score=1–1|report=[https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/64113--tottenham-vs-wolves/ lipoti]|team2={{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]|goals1=[[Alan Mullery|Mullery]] {{goal|29}}|goals2=[[Dave Wagstaffe|Wagstaffe]] {{goal|40}}|stadium=[[White Hart Lane]], [[London]]|attendance=54,303|referee=[[Laurens van Ravens]] ([[Royal Dutch Football Association|Netherlands]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FFFFFF|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=FFFFFF|socks=FFFFFF|title=Tottenham Hotspur}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|leftarm=FF9900|body=FF9900|rightarm=FF9900|shorts=000000|socks=FF9900|title=Wolverhampton Wanderers}}
|}

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Masewera omaliza a mpira]]
[[Category:1972 ku London]]</text>
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    <title>Njiwa yamapiri ya Papuan</title>
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      <text bytes="3434" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Albertistaube.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albertistaube.JPG|alt=side view of pigeon with greyish upperparts, a whitish breast, and reddish skin near the eye|thumb|Munthu ku Walsrode Bird Park]]
'''Nkhunda ya Papuan''' (''Gymnophaps albertisii'') ndi mtundu wa mbalame zamtundu wa banja la nkhunda [[Columbidae]]. Amapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan, New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, ndi Bismarck Archipelago, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango zoyambira, nkhalango zamapiri, ndi zigwa. Ndi mtundu wanjiwa wapakatikati, kutalika kwa 33–36 cm (13–14 in) ndi kulemera kwa 259 g (9.1 oz) pafupifupi. Amuna akuluakulu ali ndi slate-grey kumtunda, kukhosi kwa chestnut-maroon ndi mimba, mawere oyera, ndi bandeji yotuwa yotuwa. Ma lores ndi orbital dera ndi ofiira owala. Akazi amafanana, koma amakhala ndi mabere otuwa komanso m'mphepete mwa nthenga zapakhosi.

Nkhunda ya ku Papuan ndi yodya kwambiri, imadya nkhuyu ndi drupe. Imaswana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi mu Schrader Range, koma imatha kuswana chaka chonse kudutsa mitundu yake. Imamanga zisa kuchokera ku timitengo ndi nthambi mumtengo kapena kupanga chisa chapansi mu udzu wouma waufupi, ndikuikira dzira limodzi. Mitunduyi imakonda kucheza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magulu a mbalame 10-40, ngakhale magulu ena amatha kukhala ndi anthu 80. Idalembedwa ngati yosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) pa IUCN Red List chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

== Taxonomy ndi systematics ==
Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan inafotokozedwa kuti Gymnophaps albertisii ndi katswiri wa zinyama wa ku Italy Tommaso Salvadori mu 1874 pamaziko a zitsanzo zochokera ku Andai, New Guinea. Ndiwo mtundu wamtundu wa Gymnophaps, womwe unapangidwira iwo. Dzina lachikale limachokera ku mawu Achigiriki Akale akuti γυμνος (gumnos), kutanthauza chopanda, ndi φαψ (phaps), kutanthauza nkhunda. Dzina lenileni la albertisii ndi lolemekeza Luigi D'Albertis, katswiri wa botanist wa ku Italy komanso wazanyama yemwe amagwira ntchito ku East Indies ndi New Guinea. Papuan mountain pigeon ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lomwe bungwe la International Ornithologists' Union linapereka. Mayina ena odziwika bwino amtunduwu ndi njiwa yamapiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nkhunda za Gymnophaps), njiwa yamapiri yopanda maso, njiwa yopanda maso (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Patagioenas corensis), ndi nkhunda yamapiri ya D'Albertis.

Nkhunda ya Papuan ndi imodzi mwa mitundu inayi yamtundu wa njiwa ya Gymnophaps mu banja la njiwa Columbidae, yomwe imapezeka ku Melanesia ndi Maluku Islands. Amapanga superspecies ndi mitundu ina mu mtundu wake. M'banja lake, mtundu wa Gymnophaps ndi mlongo wa Lopholaimus, ndipo awiriwa pamodzi amapanga mlongo wa Hemiphaga. Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan ili ndi mitundu iwiri:

* G. a. albertisii Salvadori, 1874: Mitundu yosankhidwa, imapezeka ku Yapen, New Britain, New Ireland, Fergusson Island, Goodenough Island, ndi mapiri a New Guinea.
* G. a. exsul (Hartert, 1903): Imapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan. Anthu ndi akulu komanso akuda kuposa omwe amasankha mitundu yamitundu, pomwe mutu umakhala wosalala kwathunthu, wopanda zibwano za chestnut-maroon, mmero, ndi makutu a amuna omwe amasankha.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Mbalame zofotokozedwa mu 1874]]
[[Category:Mbalame za ku New Guinea]]
[[Category:Mbalame za Bismarck Archipelago]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3442" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Albertistaube.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albertistaube.JPG|alt=side view of pigeon with greyish upperparts, a whitish breast, and reddish skin near the eye|thumb|Munthu ku Walsrode Bird Park]]
'''Nkhunda ya Papuan''' (''Gymnophaps albertisii'') ndi mtundu wa mbalame zamtundu wa banja la nkhunda [[Columbidae]]. Amapezeka kuzilumba za [[Bacan]], [[New Guinea]], D'Entrecasteaux Islands, ndi Bismarck Archipelago, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango zoyambira, nkhalango zamapiri, ndi zigwa. Ndi mtundu wanjiwa wapakatikati, kutalika kwa 33–36 cm (13–14 in) ndi kulemera kwa 259 g (9.1 oz) pafupifupi. Amuna akuluakulu ali ndi slate-grey kumtunda, kukhosi kwa chestnut-maroon ndi mimba, mawere oyera, ndi bandeji yotuwa yotuwa. Ma lores ndi orbital dera ndi ofiira owala. Akazi amafanana, koma amakhala ndi mabere otuwa komanso m'mphepete mwa nthenga zapakhosi.

Nkhunda ya ku Papuan ndi yodya kwambiri, imadya nkhuyu ndi drupe. Imaswana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi mu Schrader Range, koma imatha kuswana chaka chonse kudutsa mitundu yake. Imamanga zisa kuchokera ku timitengo ndi nthambi mumtengo kapena kupanga chisa chapansi mu udzu wouma waufupi, ndikuikira dzira limodzi. Mitunduyi imakonda kucheza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magulu a mbalame 10-40, ngakhale magulu ena amatha kukhala ndi anthu 80. Idalembedwa ngati yosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) pa IUCN Red List chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

== Taxonomy ndi systematics ==
Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan inafotokozedwa kuti Gymnophaps albertisii ndi katswiri wa zinyama wa ku Italy Tommaso Salvadori mu 1874 pamaziko a zitsanzo zochokera ku Andai, New Guinea. Ndiwo mtundu wamtundu wa Gymnophaps, womwe unapangidwira iwo. Dzina lachikale limachokera ku mawu Achigiriki Akale akuti γυμνος (gumnos), kutanthauza chopanda, ndi φαψ (phaps), kutanthauza nkhunda. Dzina lenileni la albertisii ndi lolemekeza Luigi D'Albertis, katswiri wa botanist wa ku Italy komanso wazanyama yemwe amagwira ntchito ku East Indies ndi New Guinea. Papuan mountain pigeon ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lomwe bungwe la International Ornithologists' Union linapereka. Mayina ena odziwika bwino amtunduwu ndi njiwa yamapiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nkhunda za Gymnophaps), njiwa yamapiri yopanda maso, njiwa yopanda maso (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Patagioenas corensis), ndi nkhunda yamapiri ya D'Albertis.

Nkhunda ya Papuan ndi imodzi mwa mitundu inayi yamtundu wa njiwa ya Gymnophaps mu banja la njiwa Columbidae, yomwe imapezeka ku Melanesia ndi Maluku Islands. Amapanga superspecies ndi mitundu ina mu mtundu wake. M'banja lake, mtundu wa Gymnophaps ndi mlongo wa Lopholaimus, ndipo awiriwa pamodzi amapanga mlongo wa Hemiphaga. Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan ili ndi mitundu iwiri:

* G. a. albertisii Salvadori, 1874: Mitundu yosankhidwa, imapezeka ku Yapen, New Britain, New Ireland, Fergusson Island, Goodenough Island, ndi mapiri a New Guinea.
* G. a. exsul (Hartert, 1903): Imapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan. Anthu ndi akulu komanso akuda kuposa omwe amasankha mitundu yamitundu, pomwe mutu umakhala wosalala kwathunthu, wopanda zibwano za chestnut-maroon, mmero, ndi makutu a amuna omwe amasankha.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Mbalame zofotokozedwa mu 1874]]
[[Category:Mbalame za ku New Guinea]]
[[Category:Mbalame za Bismarck Archipelago]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3446" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Albertistaube.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albertistaube.JPG|alt=side view of pigeon with greyish upperparts, a whitish breast, and reddish skin near the eye|thumb|Munthu ku Walsrode Bird Park]]
'''Nkhunda ya Papuan''' (''Gymnophaps albertisii'') ndi mtundu wa mbalame zamtundu wa banja la nkhunda [[Columbidae]]. Amapezeka kuzilumba za [[Bacan]], [[New Guinea]], [[D'Entrecasteaux Islands]], ndi Bismarck Archipelago, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango zoyambira, nkhalango zamapiri, ndi zigwa. Ndi mtundu wanjiwa wapakatikati, kutalika kwa 33–36 cm (13–14 in) ndi kulemera kwa 259 g (9.1 oz) pafupifupi. Amuna akuluakulu ali ndi slate-grey kumtunda, kukhosi kwa chestnut-maroon ndi mimba, mawere oyera, ndi bandeji yotuwa yotuwa. Ma lores ndi orbital dera ndi ofiira owala. Akazi amafanana, koma amakhala ndi mabere otuwa komanso m'mphepete mwa nthenga zapakhosi.

Nkhunda ya ku Papuan ndi yodya kwambiri, imadya nkhuyu ndi drupe. Imaswana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi mu Schrader Range, koma imatha kuswana chaka chonse kudutsa mitundu yake. Imamanga zisa kuchokera ku timitengo ndi nthambi mumtengo kapena kupanga chisa chapansi mu udzu wouma waufupi, ndikuikira dzira limodzi. Mitunduyi imakonda kucheza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magulu a mbalame 10-40, ngakhale magulu ena amatha kukhala ndi anthu 80. Idalembedwa ngati yosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) pa IUCN Red List chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

== Taxonomy ndi systematics ==
Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan inafotokozedwa kuti Gymnophaps albertisii ndi katswiri wa zinyama wa ku Italy Tommaso Salvadori mu 1874 pamaziko a zitsanzo zochokera ku Andai, New Guinea. Ndiwo mtundu wamtundu wa Gymnophaps, womwe unapangidwira iwo. Dzina lachikale limachokera ku mawu Achigiriki Akale akuti γυμνος (gumnos), kutanthauza chopanda, ndi φαψ (phaps), kutanthauza nkhunda. Dzina lenileni la albertisii ndi lolemekeza Luigi D'Albertis, katswiri wa botanist wa ku Italy komanso wazanyama yemwe amagwira ntchito ku East Indies ndi New Guinea. Papuan mountain pigeon ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lomwe bungwe la International Ornithologists' Union linapereka. Mayina ena odziwika bwino amtunduwu ndi njiwa yamapiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nkhunda za Gymnophaps), njiwa yamapiri yopanda maso, njiwa yopanda maso (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Patagioenas corensis), ndi nkhunda yamapiri ya D'Albertis.

Nkhunda ya Papuan ndi imodzi mwa mitundu inayi yamtundu wa njiwa ya Gymnophaps mu banja la njiwa Columbidae, yomwe imapezeka ku Melanesia ndi Maluku Islands. Amapanga superspecies ndi mitundu ina mu mtundu wake. M'banja lake, mtundu wa Gymnophaps ndi mlongo wa Lopholaimus, ndipo awiriwa pamodzi amapanga mlongo wa Hemiphaga. Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan ili ndi mitundu iwiri:

* G. a. albertisii Salvadori, 1874: Mitundu yosankhidwa, imapezeka ku Yapen, New Britain, New Ireland, Fergusson Island, Goodenough Island, ndi mapiri a New Guinea.
* G. a. exsul (Hartert, 1903): Imapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan. Anthu ndi akulu komanso akuda kuposa omwe amasankha mitundu yamitundu, pomwe mutu umakhala wosalala kwathunthu, wopanda zibwano za chestnut-maroon, mmero, ndi makutu a amuna omwe amasankha.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Mbalame zofotokozedwa mu 1874]]
[[Category:Mbalame za ku New Guinea]]
[[Category:Mbalame za Bismarck Archipelago]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3450" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Albertistaube.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albertistaube.JPG|alt=side view of pigeon with greyish upperparts, a whitish breast, and reddish skin near the eye|thumb|Munthu ku Walsrode Bird Park]]
'''Nkhunda ya Papuan''' (''Gymnophaps albertisii'') ndi mtundu wa mbalame zamtundu wa banja la nkhunda [[Columbidae]]. Amapezeka kuzilumba za [[Bacan]], [[New Guinea]], [[D'Entrecasteaux Islands]], ndi Bismarck Archipelago, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango zoyambira, nkhalango zamapiri, ndi zigwa. Ndi mtundu wanjiwa wapakatikati, kutalika kwa 33–36 cm (13–14 in) ndi kulemera kwa 259 g (9.1 oz) pafupifupi. Amuna akuluakulu ali ndi slate-grey kumtunda, kukhosi kwa chestnut-maroon ndi mimba, mawere oyera, ndi bandeji yotuwa yotuwa. Ma lores ndi orbital dera ndi ofiira owala. Akazi amafanana, koma amakhala ndi mabere otuwa komanso m'mphepete mwa nthenga zapakhosi.

Nkhunda ya ku Papuan ndi yodya kwambiri, imadya nkhuyu ndi drupe. Imaswana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi mu [[Schrader Range]], koma imatha kuswana chaka chonse kudutsa mitundu yake. Imamanga zisa kuchokera ku timitengo ndi nthambi mumtengo kapena kupanga chisa chapansi mu udzu wouma waufupi, ndikuikira dzira limodzi. Mitunduyi imakonda kucheza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magulu a mbalame 10-40, ngakhale magulu ena amatha kukhala ndi anthu 80. Idalembedwa ngati yosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) pa IUCN Red List chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

== Taxonomy ndi systematics ==
Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan inafotokozedwa kuti Gymnophaps albertisii ndi katswiri wa zinyama wa ku Italy Tommaso Salvadori mu 1874 pamaziko a zitsanzo zochokera ku Andai, New Guinea. Ndiwo mtundu wamtundu wa Gymnophaps, womwe unapangidwira iwo. Dzina lachikale limachokera ku mawu Achigiriki Akale akuti γυμνος (gumnos), kutanthauza chopanda, ndi φαψ (phaps), kutanthauza nkhunda. Dzina lenileni la albertisii ndi lolemekeza Luigi D'Albertis, katswiri wa botanist wa ku Italy komanso wazanyama yemwe amagwira ntchito ku East Indies ndi New Guinea. Papuan mountain pigeon ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lomwe bungwe la International Ornithologists' Union linapereka. Mayina ena odziwika bwino amtunduwu ndi njiwa yamapiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nkhunda za Gymnophaps), njiwa yamapiri yopanda maso, njiwa yopanda maso (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Patagioenas corensis), ndi nkhunda yamapiri ya D'Albertis.

Nkhunda ya Papuan ndi imodzi mwa mitundu inayi yamtundu wa njiwa ya Gymnophaps mu banja la njiwa Columbidae, yomwe imapezeka ku Melanesia ndi Maluku Islands. Amapanga superspecies ndi mitundu ina mu mtundu wake. M'banja lake, mtundu wa Gymnophaps ndi mlongo wa Lopholaimus, ndipo awiriwa pamodzi amapanga mlongo wa Hemiphaga. Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan ili ndi mitundu iwiri:

* G. a. albertisii Salvadori, 1874: Mitundu yosankhidwa, imapezeka ku Yapen, New Britain, New Ireland, Fergusson Island, Goodenough Island, ndi mapiri a New Guinea.
* G. a. exsul (Hartert, 1903): Imapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan. Anthu ndi akulu komanso akuda kuposa omwe amasankha mitundu yamitundu, pomwe mutu umakhala wosalala kwathunthu, wopanda zibwano za chestnut-maroon, mmero, ndi makutu a amuna omwe amasankha.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Mbalame zofotokozedwa mu 1874]]
[[Category:Mbalame za ku New Guinea]]
[[Category:Mbalame za Bismarck Archipelago]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3454" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Albertistaube.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albertistaube.JPG|alt=side view of pigeon with greyish upperparts, a whitish breast, and reddish skin near the eye|thumb|Munthu ku Walsrode Bird Park]]
'''Nkhunda ya Papuan''' (''[[Gymnophaps albertisii]]'') ndi mtundu wa mbalame zamtundu wa banja la nkhunda [[Columbidae]]. Amapezeka kuzilumba za [[Bacan]], [[New Guinea]], [[D'Entrecasteaux Islands]], ndi Bismarck Archipelago, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango zoyambira, nkhalango zamapiri, ndi zigwa. Ndi mtundu wanjiwa wapakatikati, kutalika kwa 33–36 cm (13–14 in) ndi kulemera kwa 259 g (9.1 oz) pafupifupi. Amuna akuluakulu ali ndi slate-grey kumtunda, kukhosi kwa chestnut-maroon ndi mimba, mawere oyera, ndi bandeji yotuwa yotuwa. Ma lores ndi orbital dera ndi ofiira owala. Akazi amafanana, koma amakhala ndi mabere otuwa komanso m'mphepete mwa nthenga zapakhosi.

Nkhunda ya ku Papuan ndi yodya kwambiri, imadya nkhuyu ndi drupe. Imaswana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi mu [[Schrader Range]], koma imatha kuswana chaka chonse kudutsa mitundu yake. Imamanga zisa kuchokera ku timitengo ndi nthambi mumtengo kapena kupanga chisa chapansi mu udzu wouma waufupi, ndikuikira dzira limodzi. Mitunduyi imakonda kucheza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magulu a mbalame 10-40, ngakhale magulu ena amatha kukhala ndi anthu 80. Idalembedwa ngati yosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) pa IUCN Red List chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.

== Taxonomy ndi systematics ==
Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan inafotokozedwa kuti Gymnophaps albertisii ndi katswiri wa zinyama wa ku Italy Tommaso Salvadori mu 1874 pamaziko a zitsanzo zochokera ku Andai, New Guinea. Ndiwo mtundu wamtundu wa Gymnophaps, womwe unapangidwira iwo. Dzina lachikale limachokera ku mawu Achigiriki Akale akuti γυμνος (gumnos), kutanthauza chopanda, ndi φαψ (phaps), kutanthauza nkhunda. Dzina lenileni la albertisii ndi lolemekeza Luigi D'Albertis, katswiri wa botanist wa ku Italy komanso wazanyama yemwe amagwira ntchito ku East Indies ndi New Guinea. Papuan mountain pigeon ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lomwe bungwe la International Ornithologists' Union linapereka. Mayina ena odziwika bwino amtunduwu ndi njiwa yamapiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nkhunda za Gymnophaps), njiwa yamapiri yopanda maso, njiwa yopanda maso (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Patagioenas corensis), ndi nkhunda yamapiri ya D'Albertis.

Nkhunda ya Papuan ndi imodzi mwa mitundu inayi yamtundu wa njiwa ya Gymnophaps mu banja la njiwa Columbidae, yomwe imapezeka ku Melanesia ndi Maluku Islands. Amapanga superspecies ndi mitundu ina mu mtundu wake. M'banja lake, mtundu wa Gymnophaps ndi mlongo wa Lopholaimus, ndipo awiriwa pamodzi amapanga mlongo wa Hemiphaga. Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan ili ndi mitundu iwiri:

* G. a. albertisii Salvadori, 1874: Mitundu yosankhidwa, imapezeka ku Yapen, New Britain, New Ireland, Fergusson Island, Goodenough Island, ndi mapiri a New Guinea.
* G. a. exsul (Hartert, 1903): Imapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan. Anthu ndi akulu komanso akuda kuposa omwe amasankha mitundu yamitundu, pomwe mutu umakhala wosalala kwathunthu, wopanda zibwano za chestnut-maroon, mmero, ndi makutu a amuna omwe amasankha.

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:Mbalame zofotokozedwa mu 1874]]
[[Category:Mbalame za ku New Guinea]]
[[Category:Mbalame za Bismarck Archipelago]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>1977 UEFA Cup Final</title>
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      <id>48549</id>
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      <text bytes="8101" xml:space="preserve">'''Fainali ya 1977 UEFA Cup''' idaseweredwa pa 4 Meyi 1977 ndi 18 Meyi 1977 pakati pa [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] waku Italy ndi [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic Club]] yaku [[Spain]]. Juventus yapambana 2-2 pa zigoli zakunja.

Ichi ndiye chigonjetso chokha cha timu yaku Italy pa mpikisano wovomerezeka ku Europe wopanda osewera akunja mu timu yake yoyamba yatimu. [amene amafunikira] Idawonetsanso mutu woyamba wa Juventus mu mpira waku Europe, komanso nthawi yoyamba yomwe UEFA Cup idapambana. kalabu yaku Southern Europe.

== Tsatanetsatane wamasewera ==

=== Njira yoyamba ===
{{footballbox|date=4 May 1977|team1=[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] {{flagicon|ITA}}|score=1–0|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/matches/round=1084/match=64809/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193432/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1976/intro.html Overview (archive)]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/overview/index.html#197576 Overview]|team2={{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[Athletic Bilbao]]|goals1=[[Marco Tardelli|Tardelli]] {{goal|15}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Stadio Olimpico di Torino|Stadio Comunale]], [[Torino]]|attendance=54,800|referee=[[Charles Corver]] ([[Royal Dutch Football Association|Netherlands]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_juve2|pattern_b=_juve196972h|pattern_ra=_juve2|pattern_so=_juve3|leftarm=ffffff|body=ffffff|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=ffffff|socks=ffffff|title=Juventus}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=_band_white|leftarm=0036EE|body=0036EE|rightarm=0036EE|shorts=0036EE|socks=0036EE|title=Athletic Bilbao}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Dino_Zoff|Dino Zoff]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Antonello_Cuccureddu|Antonello Cuccureddu]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Francesco_Morini|Francesco Morini]]
|-
|SW
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Gaetano_Scirea|Gaetano Scirea]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Claudio_Gentile|Claudio Gentile]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giuseppe_Furino|Giuseppe Furino]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|AM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Romeo_Benetti|Romeo Benetti]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Marco_Tardelli|Marco Tardelli]]
|-
|RW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Franco_Causio|Franco Causio]]
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Boninsegna|Roberto Boninsegna]]
|
|{{suboff|40}}
|-
|SS
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Bettega|Roberto Bettega]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Sergio_Gori|Sergio Gori]]
|
|{{subon|40}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giovanni_Trapattoni|Giovanni Trapattoni]]
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Iribar|José Ángel Iribar]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Oñaederra|José Ignacio Oñaederra]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Agustín_Guisasola|Agustín Guisasola]]
|-
|CB
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Andoni_Goikoetxea|Andoni Goikoetxea]]
|{{yel|50}}
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Escalza|Javier Escalza]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Irureta|Javier Irureta]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Ángel_María_Villar|Ángel María Villar]]
|-
|CM
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Txetxu_Rojo|Txetxu Rojo]]
|-
|CF
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Dani_(footballer,_born_1951)|Dani]]
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Churruca|José Ignacio Churruca]]
|-
|CF
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Rojo|José Ángel Rojo]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Koldo_Aguirre|Koldo Aguirre]]
|}
|}

=== Mwendo wachiwiri ===
{{football box|date=18 May 1977|team1=[[Athletic Bilbao]] {{flagicon|ESP|1977}}|score=2–1|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/matches/round=1084/match=64809/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193432/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1976/intro.html Overview (archive)]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/overview/index.html#197576 Overview]|team2={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|goals1=[[Javier Irureta|Irureta]] {{goal|11}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Carlos Ruiz (footballer, born 1948)|Ruiz]] {{goal|78}}|goals2=[[Roberto Bettega|Bettega]] {{goal|7}}|stadium=[[San Mamés Stadium (1913)|San Mamés Stadium]], [[Bilbao]]|attendance=39,700|referee=[[Erich Linemayr]] ([[Austrian Football Association|Austria]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_red_stripes|pattern_b=_whitestripes3|pattern_ra=_red_stripes|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=_band_white|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FF0000|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=000000|socks=000000|title=Athletic Bilbao}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_juve7081a|pattern_b=_juve7677a|pattern_ra=_juve7081a|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=|leftarm=002657|body=002657|rightarm=002657|shorts=002657|socks=002657|title=Juventus}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Iribar|José Ángel Iribar]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Lasa|José Lasa]]
|
|{{suboff|64}}
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Agustín_Guisasola|Agustín Guisasola]]
|-
|CB
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ramón_Alexanko|José Ramón Alexanko]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Escalza|Javier Escalza]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Ángel_María_Villar|Ángel María Villar]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Irureta|Javier Irureta]]
|-
|CM
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Txetxu_Rojo|Txetxu Rojo]]
|-
|FW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Dani_(footballer,_born_1951)|Dani]]
|-
|FW
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Churruca|José Ignacio Churruca]]
|-
|FW
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_María_Amorrortu|José María Amorrortu]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}}  [[:en:Carlos_Ruiz_(footballer,_born_1948)|Carlos Ruiz]]
|
|{{subon|64}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Koldo_Aguirre|Koldo Aguirre]]
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Dino_Zoff|Dino Zoff]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Antonello_Cuccureddu|Antonello Cuccureddu]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Francesco_Morini|Francesco Morini]]
|-
|SW
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Gaetano_Scirea|Gaetano Scirea]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Claudio_Gentile|Claudio Gentile]]
|{{yel|87}}
|-
|RW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Franco_Causio|Franco Causio]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Marco_Tardelli|Marco Tardelli]]
|{{yel|70}}
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giuseppe_Furino|Giuseppe Furino]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|AM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Romeo_Benetti|Romeo Benetti]]
|{{yel|63}}
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Boninsegna|Roberto Boninsegna]]
|
|{{suboff|60}}
|-
|SS
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Bettega|Roberto Bettega]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|DF
|'''13'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}}  [[:en:Luciano_Spinosi|Luciano Spinosi]]
|
|{{subon|60}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giovanni_Trapattoni|Giovanni Trapattoni]]
|}
|}

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:UEFA Cup Finals]]</text>
      <sha1>rl0hwc943sf2h56ow23q9f38jwgsmjx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48550</id>
      <parentid>48549</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:27:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8105" xml:space="preserve">'''Fainali ya 1977 UEFA Cup''' idaseweredwa pa 4 Meyi 1977 ndi 18 Meyi 1977 pakati pa [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] waku Italy ndi [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic Club]] yaku [[Spain]]. Juventus yapambana 2-2 pa zigoli zakunja.

Ichi ndiye chigonjetso chokha cha timu yaku Italy pa mpikisano wovomerezeka ku [[Europe]] wopanda osewera akunja mu timu yake yoyamba yatimu. [amene amafunikira] Idawonetsanso mutu woyamba wa Juventus mu mpira waku Europe, komanso nthawi yoyamba yomwe UEFA Cup idapambana. kalabu yaku Southern Europe.

== Tsatanetsatane wamasewera ==

=== Njira yoyamba ===
{{footballbox|date=4 May 1977|team1=[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] {{flagicon|ITA}}|score=1–0|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/matches/round=1084/match=64809/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193432/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1976/intro.html Overview (archive)]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/overview/index.html#197576 Overview]|team2={{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[Athletic Bilbao]]|goals1=[[Marco Tardelli|Tardelli]] {{goal|15}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Stadio Olimpico di Torino|Stadio Comunale]], [[Torino]]|attendance=54,800|referee=[[Charles Corver]] ([[Royal Dutch Football Association|Netherlands]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_juve2|pattern_b=_juve196972h|pattern_ra=_juve2|pattern_so=_juve3|leftarm=ffffff|body=ffffff|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=ffffff|socks=ffffff|title=Juventus}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=_band_white|leftarm=0036EE|body=0036EE|rightarm=0036EE|shorts=0036EE|socks=0036EE|title=Athletic Bilbao}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Dino_Zoff|Dino Zoff]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Antonello_Cuccureddu|Antonello Cuccureddu]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Francesco_Morini|Francesco Morini]]
|-
|SW
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Gaetano_Scirea|Gaetano Scirea]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Claudio_Gentile|Claudio Gentile]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giuseppe_Furino|Giuseppe Furino]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|AM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Romeo_Benetti|Romeo Benetti]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Marco_Tardelli|Marco Tardelli]]
|-
|RW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Franco_Causio|Franco Causio]]
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Boninsegna|Roberto Boninsegna]]
|
|{{suboff|40}}
|-
|SS
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Bettega|Roberto Bettega]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Sergio_Gori|Sergio Gori]]
|
|{{subon|40}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giovanni_Trapattoni|Giovanni Trapattoni]]
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Iribar|José Ángel Iribar]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Oñaederra|José Ignacio Oñaederra]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Agustín_Guisasola|Agustín Guisasola]]
|-
|CB
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Andoni_Goikoetxea|Andoni Goikoetxea]]
|{{yel|50}}
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Escalza|Javier Escalza]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Irureta|Javier Irureta]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Ángel_María_Villar|Ángel María Villar]]
|-
|CM
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Txetxu_Rojo|Txetxu Rojo]]
|-
|CF
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Dani_(footballer,_born_1951)|Dani]]
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Churruca|José Ignacio Churruca]]
|-
|CF
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Rojo|José Ángel Rojo]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Koldo_Aguirre|Koldo Aguirre]]
|}
|}

=== Mwendo wachiwiri ===
{{football box|date=18 May 1977|team1=[[Athletic Bilbao]] {{flagicon|ESP|1977}}|score=2–1|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/matches/round=1084/match=64809/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193432/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1976/intro.html Overview (archive)]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/overview/index.html#197576 Overview]|team2={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|goals1=[[Javier Irureta|Irureta]] {{goal|11}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Carlos Ruiz (footballer, born 1948)|Ruiz]] {{goal|78}}|goals2=[[Roberto Bettega|Bettega]] {{goal|7}}|stadium=[[San Mamés Stadium (1913)|San Mamés Stadium]], [[Bilbao]]|attendance=39,700|referee=[[Erich Linemayr]] ([[Austrian Football Association|Austria]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_red_stripes|pattern_b=_whitestripes3|pattern_ra=_red_stripes|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=_band_white|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FF0000|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=000000|socks=000000|title=Athletic Bilbao}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_juve7081a|pattern_b=_juve7677a|pattern_ra=_juve7081a|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=|leftarm=002657|body=002657|rightarm=002657|shorts=002657|socks=002657|title=Juventus}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Iribar|José Ángel Iribar]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Lasa|José Lasa]]
|
|{{suboff|64}}
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Agustín_Guisasola|Agustín Guisasola]]
|-
|CB
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ramón_Alexanko|José Ramón Alexanko]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Escalza|Javier Escalza]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Ángel_María_Villar|Ángel María Villar]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Irureta|Javier Irureta]]
|-
|CM
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Txetxu_Rojo|Txetxu Rojo]]
|-
|FW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Dani_(footballer,_born_1951)|Dani]]
|-
|FW
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Churruca|José Ignacio Churruca]]
|-
|FW
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_María_Amorrortu|José María Amorrortu]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}}  [[:en:Carlos_Ruiz_(footballer,_born_1948)|Carlos Ruiz]]
|
|{{subon|64}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Koldo_Aguirre|Koldo Aguirre]]
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Dino_Zoff|Dino Zoff]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Antonello_Cuccureddu|Antonello Cuccureddu]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Francesco_Morini|Francesco Morini]]
|-
|SW
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Gaetano_Scirea|Gaetano Scirea]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Claudio_Gentile|Claudio Gentile]]
|{{yel|87}}
|-
|RW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Franco_Causio|Franco Causio]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Marco_Tardelli|Marco Tardelli]]
|{{yel|70}}
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giuseppe_Furino|Giuseppe Furino]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|AM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Romeo_Benetti|Romeo Benetti]]
|{{yel|63}}
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Boninsegna|Roberto Boninsegna]]
|
|{{suboff|60}}
|-
|SS
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Bettega|Roberto Bettega]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|DF
|'''13'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}}  [[:en:Luciano_Spinosi|Luciano Spinosi]]
|
|{{subon|60}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giovanni_Trapattoni|Giovanni Trapattoni]]
|}
|}

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:UEFA Cup Finals]]</text>
      <sha1>sr3mlpog7spkipou6h14nztyuxpd43q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48551</id>
      <parentid>48550</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:28:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>hyperlinking</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8109" xml:space="preserve">'''Fainali ya 1977 UEFA Cup''' idaseweredwa pa 4 Meyi 1977 ndi 18 Meyi 1977 pakati pa [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] waku Italy ndi [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic Club]] yaku [[Spain]]. Juventus yapambana 2-2 pa zigoli zakunja.

Ichi ndiye chigonjetso chokha cha timu yaku [[Italy]] pa mpikisano wovomerezeka ku [[Europe]] wopanda osewera akunja mu timu yake yoyamba yatimu. [amene amafunikira] Idawonetsanso mutu woyamba wa Juventus mu mpira waku Europe, komanso nthawi yoyamba yomwe UEFA Cup idapambana. kalabu yaku Southern Europe.

== Tsatanetsatane wamasewera ==

=== Njira yoyamba ===
{{footballbox|date=4 May 1977|team1=[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] {{flagicon|ITA}}|score=1–0|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/matches/round=1084/match=64809/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193432/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1976/intro.html Overview (archive)]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/overview/index.html#197576 Overview]|team2={{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[Athletic Bilbao]]|goals1=[[Marco Tardelli|Tardelli]] {{goal|15}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Stadio Olimpico di Torino|Stadio Comunale]], [[Torino]]|attendance=54,800|referee=[[Charles Corver]] ([[Royal Dutch Football Association|Netherlands]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_juve2|pattern_b=_juve196972h|pattern_ra=_juve2|pattern_so=_juve3|leftarm=ffffff|body=ffffff|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=ffffff|socks=ffffff|title=Juventus}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=_band_white|leftarm=0036EE|body=0036EE|rightarm=0036EE|shorts=0036EE|socks=0036EE|title=Athletic Bilbao}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Dino_Zoff|Dino Zoff]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Antonello_Cuccureddu|Antonello Cuccureddu]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Francesco_Morini|Francesco Morini]]
|-
|SW
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Gaetano_Scirea|Gaetano Scirea]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Claudio_Gentile|Claudio Gentile]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giuseppe_Furino|Giuseppe Furino]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|AM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Romeo_Benetti|Romeo Benetti]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Marco_Tardelli|Marco Tardelli]]
|-
|RW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Franco_Causio|Franco Causio]]
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Boninsegna|Roberto Boninsegna]]
|
|{{suboff|40}}
|-
|SS
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Bettega|Roberto Bettega]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Sergio_Gori|Sergio Gori]]
|
|{{subon|40}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giovanni_Trapattoni|Giovanni Trapattoni]]
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Iribar|José Ángel Iribar]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Oñaederra|José Ignacio Oñaederra]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Agustín_Guisasola|Agustín Guisasola]]
|-
|CB
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Andoni_Goikoetxea|Andoni Goikoetxea]]
|{{yel|50}}
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Escalza|Javier Escalza]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Irureta|Javier Irureta]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Ángel_María_Villar|Ángel María Villar]]
|-
|CM
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Txetxu_Rojo|Txetxu Rojo]]
|-
|CF
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Dani_(footballer,_born_1951)|Dani]]
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Churruca|José Ignacio Churruca]]
|-
|CF
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Rojo|José Ángel Rojo]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Koldo_Aguirre|Koldo Aguirre]]
|}
|}

=== Mwendo wachiwiri ===
{{football box|date=18 May 1977|team1=[[Athletic Bilbao]] {{flagicon|ESP|1977}}|score=2–1|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/matches/round=1084/match=64809/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193432/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1976/intro.html Overview (archive)]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/overview/index.html#197576 Overview]|team2={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|goals1=[[Javier Irureta|Irureta]] {{goal|11}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Carlos Ruiz (footballer, born 1948)|Ruiz]] {{goal|78}}|goals2=[[Roberto Bettega|Bettega]] {{goal|7}}|stadium=[[San Mamés Stadium (1913)|San Mamés Stadium]], [[Bilbao]]|attendance=39,700|referee=[[Erich Linemayr]] ([[Austrian Football Association|Austria]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_red_stripes|pattern_b=_whitestripes3|pattern_ra=_red_stripes|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=_band_white|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FF0000|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=000000|socks=000000|title=Athletic Bilbao}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_juve7081a|pattern_b=_juve7677a|pattern_ra=_juve7081a|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=|leftarm=002657|body=002657|rightarm=002657|shorts=002657|socks=002657|title=Juventus}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Iribar|José Ángel Iribar]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Lasa|José Lasa]]
|
|{{suboff|64}}
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Agustín_Guisasola|Agustín Guisasola]]
|-
|CB
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ramón_Alexanko|José Ramón Alexanko]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Escalza|Javier Escalza]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Ángel_María_Villar|Ángel María Villar]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Irureta|Javier Irureta]]
|-
|CM
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Txetxu_Rojo|Txetxu Rojo]]
|-
|FW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Dani_(footballer,_born_1951)|Dani]]
|-
|FW
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Churruca|José Ignacio Churruca]]
|-
|FW
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_María_Amorrortu|José María Amorrortu]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}}  [[:en:Carlos_Ruiz_(footballer,_born_1948)|Carlos Ruiz]]
|
|{{subon|64}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Koldo_Aguirre|Koldo Aguirre]]
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Dino_Zoff|Dino Zoff]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Antonello_Cuccureddu|Antonello Cuccureddu]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Francesco_Morini|Francesco Morini]]
|-
|SW
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Gaetano_Scirea|Gaetano Scirea]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Claudio_Gentile|Claudio Gentile]]
|{{yel|87}}
|-
|RW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Franco_Causio|Franco Causio]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Marco_Tardelli|Marco Tardelli]]
|{{yel|70}}
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giuseppe_Furino|Giuseppe Furino]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|AM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Romeo_Benetti|Romeo Benetti]]
|{{yel|63}}
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Boninsegna|Roberto Boninsegna]]
|
|{{suboff|60}}
|-
|SS
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Bettega|Roberto Bettega]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|DF
|'''13'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}}  [[:en:Luciano_Spinosi|Luciano Spinosi]]
|
|{{subon|60}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giovanni_Trapattoni|Giovanni Trapattoni]]
|}
|}

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:UEFA Cup Finals]]</text>
      <sha1>naaactovudxtya7n6knq8yscicci88e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>48552</id>
      <parentid>48551</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:28:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8113" xml:space="preserve">'''Fainali ya 1977 UEFA Cup''' idaseweredwa pa 4 Meyi 1977 ndi 18 Meyi 1977 pakati pa [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] waku Italy ndi [[Athletic Bilbao|Athletic Club]] yaku [[Spain]]. Juventus yapambana 2-2 pa zigoli zakunja.

Ichi ndiye chigonjetso chokha cha timu yaku [[Italy]] pa mpikisano wovomerezeka ku [[Europe]] wopanda osewera akunja mu timu yake yoyamba yatimu. [amene amafunikira] Idawonetsanso mutu woyamba wa [[Juventus]] mu mpira waku Europe, komanso nthawi yoyamba yomwe UEFA Cup idapambana. kalabu yaku Southern Europe.

== Tsatanetsatane wamasewera ==

=== Njira yoyamba ===
{{footballbox|date=4 May 1977|team1=[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] {{flagicon|ITA}}|score=1–0|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/matches/round=1084/match=64809/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193432/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1976/intro.html Overview (archive)]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/overview/index.html#197576 Overview]|team2={{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[Athletic Bilbao]]|goals1=[[Marco Tardelli|Tardelli]] {{goal|15}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Stadio Olimpico di Torino|Stadio Comunale]], [[Torino]]|attendance=54,800|referee=[[Charles Corver]] ([[Royal Dutch Football Association|Netherlands]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_juve2|pattern_b=_juve196972h|pattern_ra=_juve2|pattern_so=_juve3|leftarm=ffffff|body=ffffff|rightarm=ffffff|shorts=ffffff|socks=ffffff|title=Juventus}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=|pattern_b=|pattern_ra=|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=_band_white|leftarm=0036EE|body=0036EE|rightarm=0036EE|shorts=0036EE|socks=0036EE|title=Athletic Bilbao}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Dino_Zoff|Dino Zoff]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Antonello_Cuccureddu|Antonello Cuccureddu]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Francesco_Morini|Francesco Morini]]
|-
|SW
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Gaetano_Scirea|Gaetano Scirea]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Claudio_Gentile|Claudio Gentile]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giuseppe_Furino|Giuseppe Furino]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|AM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Romeo_Benetti|Romeo Benetti]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Marco_Tardelli|Marco Tardelli]]
|-
|RW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Franco_Causio|Franco Causio]]
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Boninsegna|Roberto Boninsegna]]
|
|{{suboff|40}}
|-
|SS
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Bettega|Roberto Bettega]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Sergio_Gori|Sergio Gori]]
|
|{{subon|40}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giovanni_Trapattoni|Giovanni Trapattoni]]
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Iribar|José Ángel Iribar]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Oñaederra|José Ignacio Oñaederra]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Agustín_Guisasola|Agustín Guisasola]]
|-
|CB
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Andoni_Goikoetxea|Andoni Goikoetxea]]
|{{yel|50}}
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Escalza|Javier Escalza]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Irureta|Javier Irureta]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Ángel_María_Villar|Ángel María Villar]]
|-
|CM
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Txetxu_Rojo|Txetxu Rojo]]
|-
|CF
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Dani_(footballer,_born_1951)|Dani]]
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Churruca|José Ignacio Churruca]]
|-
|CF
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Rojo|José Ángel Rojo]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Koldo_Aguirre|Koldo Aguirre]]
|}
|}

=== Mwendo wachiwiri ===
{{football box|date=18 May 1977|team1=[[Athletic Bilbao]] {{flagicon|ESP|1977}}|score=2–1|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/matches/round=1084/match=64809/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100625193432/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/uefacup/history/season=1976/intro.html Overview (archive)]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1976/overview/index.html#197576 Overview]|team2={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]|goals1=[[Javier Irureta|Irureta]] {{goal|11}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Carlos Ruiz (footballer, born 1948)|Ruiz]] {{goal|78}}|goals2=[[Roberto Bettega|Bettega]] {{goal|7}}|stadium=[[San Mamés Stadium (1913)|San Mamés Stadium]], [[Bilbao]]|attendance=39,700|referee=[[Erich Linemayr]] ([[Austrian Football Association|Austria]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_red_stripes|pattern_b=_whitestripes3|pattern_ra=_red_stripes|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=_band_white|leftarm=FFFFFF|body=FF0000|rightarm=FFFFFF|shorts=000000|socks=000000|title=Athletic Bilbao}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_juve7081a|pattern_b=_juve7677a|pattern_ra=_juve7081a|pattern_sh=|pattern_so=|leftarm=002657|body=002657|rightarm=002657|shorts=002657|socks=002657|title=Juventus}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ángel_Iribar|José Ángel Iribar]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Lasa|José Lasa]]
|
|{{suboff|64}}
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Agustín_Guisasola|Agustín Guisasola]]
|-
|CB
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ramón_Alexanko|José Ramón Alexanko]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Escalza|Javier Escalza]]
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Ángel_María_Villar|Ángel María Villar]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Javier_Irureta|Javier Irureta]]
|-
|CM
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Txetxu_Rojo|Txetxu Rojo]]
|-
|FW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Dani_(footballer,_born_1951)|Dani]]
|-
|FW
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_Ignacio_Churruca|José Ignacio Churruca]]
|-
|FW
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:José_María_Amorrortu|José María Amorrortu]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|ESP|1977}}  [[:en:Carlos_Ruiz_(footballer,_born_1948)|Carlos Ruiz]]
|
|{{subon|64}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[:en:Koldo_Aguirre|Koldo Aguirre]]
|}
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Dino_Zoff|Dino Zoff]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Antonello_Cuccureddu|Antonello Cuccureddu]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Francesco_Morini|Francesco Morini]]
|-
|SW
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Gaetano_Scirea|Gaetano Scirea]]
|-
|LB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Claudio_Gentile|Claudio Gentile]]
|{{yel|87}}
|-
|RW
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Franco_Causio|Franco Causio]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Marco_Tardelli|Marco Tardelli]]
|{{yel|70}}
|-
|CM
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giuseppe_Furino|Giuseppe Furino]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|AM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Romeo_Benetti|Romeo Benetti]]
|{{yel|63}}
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Boninsegna|Roberto Boninsegna]]
|
|{{suboff|60}}
|-
|SS
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Roberto_Bettega|Roberto Bettega]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|DF
|'''13'''
|{{flagicon|ITA}}  [[:en:Luciano_Spinosi|Luciano Spinosi]]
|
|{{subon|60}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|ITA}} [[:en:Giovanni_Trapattoni|Giovanni Trapattoni]]
|}
|}

== Zolemba ==
[[Category:UEFA Cup Finals]]</text>
      <sha1>k7ltjjr4gx2cf88mcx1ogbu6xqlq02y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fainali ya 1980 UEFA Cup</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7275</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48611</id>
      <parentid>46593</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T17:05:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8760" xml:space="preserve">'''1980 UEFA Cup Final''' inali yomaliza ya miyendo iwiri, yomwe idaseweredwa pa 7 May 1980 ndi 21 May 1980 kuti adziwe katswiri wa 1979-80 [[UEFA Cup]]. Omaliza adaphatikizira [[Eintracht Frankfurt F.C.|Eintracht Frankfurt]] yaku [[West Germany]] ndi [[Borussia Mönchengladbach F.C.|Borussia Mönchengladbach]], timu ina yaku [[West Germany]]. Mönchengladbach ndi omwe adakhala nawo, atapambana mpikisano [[Fainali ya 1979 UEFA Cup|womaliza chaka chatha]].

Eintracht Frankfurt adapambana pazigoli zakutali atamaliza 3-3 pazophatikiza.

== Tsatanetsatane wamasewera ==

=== Njira yoyamba ===
{{football box|date=7 May 1980|team1=[[Borussia Mönchengladbach]] {{fbaicon|FRG}}|score=3–2|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1979/matches/round=1102/match=66510/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report] 
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1979/overview/index.html#197879 Overview]|team2={{fbaicon|FRG}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]|goals1=[[Christian Kulik|Kulik]] {{goal|44||88}} &lt;br&gt; [[Lothar Matthäus|Matthäus]] {{goal|76}}|goals2=[[Harald Karger|Karger]] {{goal|37}} &lt;br&gt; [[Bernd Hölzenbein|Hölzenbein]] {{goal|71}}|stadium=[[Bökelbergstadion]], [[Mönchengladbach]]|attendance=25,000|referee=[[Guruceta Muro]] ([[Royal Spanish Football Federation|Spain]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_shouldersonwhite|pattern_b=_shouldersonwhite|pattern_ra=_shouldersonwhite|pattern_so=_color_3_stripes_white|pattern_sh=_sides_on_white|leftarm=007000|body=007000|rightarm=007000|shorts=007000|socks=FFFFFF|title=Borussia Mönchengladbach}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes|pattern_b=_whitehoops_top|pattern_ra=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes|pattern_so=_color_3_stripes_white|pattern_sh=_adidaswhite|leftarm=FF0000|body=FF0000|rightarm=FF0000|shorts=FF0000|socks=FF0000|title=Eintracht Frankfurt}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Wolfgang_Kneib|Wolfgang Kneib]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Frank_Schäffer|Frank Schäffer]]
|-
|CB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Winfried_Schäfer|Winfried Schäfer]]
|-
|CB
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Wilfried_Hannes|Wilfried Hannes]]
|-
|LB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Norbert_Ringels|Norbert Ringels]]
|-
|CM
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Lothar_Matthäus|Lothar Matthäus]]
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Christian_Kulik|Christian Kulik]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|CM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[:en:Carsten_Nielsen|Carsten Nielsen]]
|
|{{suboff|66}}
|-
|RF
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Karl_Del'Haye|Karl Del'Haye]]
|
|{{suboff|72}}
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Harald_Nickel|Harald Nickel]]
|{{yel}}
|-
|LF
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Ewald_Lienen|Ewald Lienen]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[:en:Steen_Thychosen|Steen Thychosen]]
|
|{{subon|66}}
|-
|MF
|'''13'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Ralf_Bödeker|Ralf Bödeker]]
|
|{{subon|72}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Jupp_Heynckes|Jupp Heynckes]]
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:Borussia_Mönchengladbach_vs_Eintracht_Frankfurt_1980-05-07.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Borussia_M%C3%B6nchengladbach_vs_Eintracht_Frankfurt_1980-05-07.svg|415x415px]]
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|GDR}} [[:en:Jürgen_Pahl|Jürgen Pahl]]
|-
|RB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Willi_Neuberger|Willi Neuberger]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[:en:Bruno_Pezzey|Bruno Pezzey]]
|-
|CB
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Charly_Körbel|Charly Körbel]]
|-
|LB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Horst_Ehrmantraut|Horst Ehrmantraut]]
|-
|CM
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Werner_Lorant|Werner Lorant]]
|{{yel}}
|-
|CM
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Ronny_Borchers|Ronny Borchers]]
|{{yel}}
|-
|CM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Bernd_Nickel|Bernd Nickel]]
|-
|RF
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|KOR|1949}} [[:en:Cha_Bum-kun|Cha Bum-kun]]
|-
|CF
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Harald_Karger|Harald Karger]]
|
|{{suboff|81}}
|-
|LF
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Bernd_Hölzenbein|Bernd Hölzenbein]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|
|{{suboff|79}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|MF
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|GDR}} [[:en:Norbert_Nachtweih|Norbert Nachtweih]]
|
|{{subon|79}}
|-
|MF
|'''13'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Wolfgang_Trapp|Wolfgang Trapp]]
|
|{{subon|81}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Friedel_Rausch|Friedel Rausch]]
|}
|}

=== Mwendo wachiwiri ===
{{football box|date=21 May 1980|team1=[[Eintracht Frankfurt]] {{fbaicon|FRG}}|score=1–0|report=[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1979/matches/round=1102/match=66511/postmatch/lineups/index.html Report]
[http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=1979/overview/index.html#197879 Overview]|team2={{fbaicon|FRG}} [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]|goals1=[[Fred Schaub|Schaub]] {{goal|81}}|goals2=|stadium=[[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Waldstadion]], [[Frankfurt]]|attendance=59,000|referee=[[Alexis Ponnet]] ([[Royal Belgian Football Association|Belgium]])}}
{| width=&quot;92%&quot;
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes|pattern_b=_whitehoops_top|pattern_ra=_shoulder_stripes_white_stripes|pattern_so=_color_3_stripes_white|pattern_sh=_adidaswhite|leftarm=FF0000|body=FF0000|rightarm=FF0000|shorts=FF0000|socks=FF0000|title=Eintracht Frankfurt}}
|{{Football kit|pattern_la=_shouldersonwhite|pattern_b=_shouldersonwhite|pattern_ra=_shouldersonwhite|pattern_so=_color_3_stripes_white|pattern_sh=_sides_on_white|leftarm=007000|body=007000|rightarm=007000|shorts=007000|socks=FFFFFF|title=Borussia Mönchengladbach}}
|}
{| width=&quot;100%&quot;
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|GDR}} [[:en:Jürgen_Pahl|Jürgen Pahl]]
|-
|RB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Willi_Neuberger|Willi Neuberger]]
|-
|CB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[:en:Bruno_Pezzey|Bruno Pezzey]]
|-
|CB
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Charly_Körbel|Charly Körbel]]
|-
|LB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Horst_Ehrmantraut|Horst Ehrmantraut]]
|-
|CM
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Werner_Lorant|Werner Lorant]]
|-
|CM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Bernd_Nickel|Bernd Nickel]]
|-
|CM
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Ronny_Borchers|Ronny Borchers]]
|{{yel}}
|-
|RF
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|KOR|1949}} [[:en:Cha_Bum-kun|Cha Bum-kun]]
|{{yel}}
|-
|CF
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|GDR}} [[:en:Norbert_Nachtweih|Norbert Nachtweih]]
|
|{{suboff|77}}
|-
|LF
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Bernd_Hölzenbein|Bernd Hölzenbein]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|{{yel}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|CF
|'''15'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Fred_Schaub|Fred Schaub]]
|
|{{subon|77}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Friedel_Rausch|Friedel Rausch]]
|}
| valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:Eintracht_Frankfurt_vs_Borussia_Mönchengladbach_1980-05-21.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eintracht_Frankfurt_vs_Borussia_M%C3%B6nchengladbach_1980-05-21.svg|415x415px]]
| width=&quot;50%&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
! width=&quot;25&quot; |
|-
|GK
|'''1'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Wolfgang_Kneib|Wolfgang Kneib]]
|-
|RB
|'''2'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Jürgen_Fleer|Jürgen Fleer]]
|{{yel}}
|-
|CB
|'''4'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Wilfried_Hannes|Wilfried Hannes]]
|{{yel}}
|-
|CB
|'''3'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Winfried_Schäfer|Winfried Schäfer]]
|-
|LB
|'''5'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Norbert_Ringels|Norbert Ringels]]
|-
|CM
|'''6'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Lothar_Matthäus|Lothar Matthäus]]
|
|{{suboff|86}}
|-
|CM
|'''8'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Christian_Kulik|Christian Kulik]] ([[:en:Captain_(association_football)|c]])
|-
|CM
|'''10'''
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[:en:Carsten_Nielsen|Carsten Nielsen]]
|
|{{suboff|68}}
|-
|RF
|'''7'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Ralf_Bödeker|Ralf Bödeker]]
|{{yel}}
|-
|CF
|'''9'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Harald_Nickel|Harald Nickel]]
|-
|LF
|'''11'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Ewald_Lienen|Ewald Lienen]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|FW
|'''12'''
|{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Karl_Del'Haye|Karl Del'Haye]]
|
|{{subon|68}}
|-
|FW
|'''13'''
|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[:en:Steen_Thychosen|Steen Thychosen]]
|
|{{subon|86}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Manager:'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{flagicon|FRG}} [[:en:Jupp_Heynckes|Jupp Heynckes]]
|}
|}
[[Category:UEFA Cup Finals]]</text>
      <sha1>beydw0k32a1yqwwfl2u07ip7hl80ozl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:ChaloNiZambia</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>7397</id>
    <revision>
      <id>48516</id>
      <timestamp>2022-08-12T12:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tumbuka Arch</username>
        <id>8304</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hello */ new section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="249" xml:space="preserve">== Hello ==

Greetings@[[User:ChaloNiZambia|ChaloNiZambia]]

Muli bwanji.

Are you able to speak Tumbuka language? or any other than Chewa and English? [[User:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] ([[User talk:Tumbuka Arch|talk]]) 12:14, 12 Ogasiti 2022 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1zp6ogi93lkvgo1ni9tjbneasujnpnj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>