Wikipedia hifwiki https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahila_Panna MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.23 first-letter saadhan khaas baat sadasya sadasya ke baat Wikipedia Wikipedia baat file file ke baat MediaWiki Mediawiki ke baat Template Template ke baat madat madat ke baat vibhag voibhag ke baat TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 429 272686 269338 2022-08-09T15:31:04Z 2409:4050:2D43:90AD:BC9A:8734:DBF:40D8 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republic of India<br />भारत गणराज्य<br />Bharat Gaṇarājya'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[file:Flag of India.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[file:Emblem of India.svg|80px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | India ka jhanda | align="center" width="140px" | National Emblem |} |- | align="center" colspan="2" | <small>'''''Motto''': Satyameva Jayate<br />English: Truth Alone Triumphs<br />Sanskrit:सत्यमेव जयते<br />''</small>jay hind<br /> |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[file:India_(orthographic_projection).svg|300px]] |- | '''Rajabhasa''' || हिन्दी Hindi, Angreji |- | '''Rashtra Gaana:''' || ''[[India ka national anthem|Jana Gana Mana]]'' |- | '''Rajdhani''' || [[New Delhi]]<br /><small>28º 34' N, 77º 12' E</small> |- | '''Sarkaar'''<br />&nbsp;- President<br />&nbsp;- Prime Minister | Federal republic<br /><br />Draupadi murmu<br />[[Narendra Modi]] |- | '''Ajaadi'''<br />&nbsp;-Date |&nbsp;- United Kingdom ( Angrejon se)<br />[[15 August]] [[1947]] <br /> |- | '''Kshetrafal'''<br /> &nbsp;- Total <br /> &nbsp;- % paani | 7th position<br /> 3,287,263&nbsp;km²<br /> 9.56% |- | '''Janasankhya'''<br /> &nbsp;- Total [[2011|(2011)]] <br />&nbsp;-Density |&nbsp;- 2nd position <br />1,210,854,977 <br />403.8/km² |- | '''GDP''' <br />&nbsp;- Total ([[2019]]) <br />&nbsp;- Per capita | 5th position <br />$ 2,850,000,000<br />$ 2,041 |- | '''Mudra''' || Indian rupee(INR) |- | '''Samay Mandal''' || UTC +5:30 |- | '''Durbhasha code''' || +91 |- | '''[[Internet TLD]]''' || .in |} [[file:Sikh pilgrim at the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India.jpg|thumb|Amritsar ke Golden Temple]] '''India''' ('''Bharat''', '''Hindustan'''), South [[Asia]] ka ek desh hai. Iski abaadi 1,370,000,000 se jaada hai. India ki raajdhaani [[New Delhi]] hai. Is desh ki 22 adhikarik bhashayen hain. Ye kshetrafal me duniya ka satvaan (7th) sab se bada desh hai aur abaadi mein dusra sab se bada desh hai, lekin duniya ki sab se badi democracy hai. Iske dakshin me [[Indian Ocean]], pashchim me [[Arabian Sea]], purab me [[Bay of Bengal]] hai. Iske border ke paschim me [[Pakistan]], uttar me [[China]], [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]] aur poorab me [[Bangladesh]] aur [[Myanmar]] hai. India ke dakshin me [[Indian Ocean]] me to the east. India ke dakshin me [[Sri Lanka]], [[Maldives]], aur [[Indonesia]] hai. {| class="infobox borderless" |+ National symbols of the Republic of India (Official) |- ! '''National heritage animal''' | | [[Image:2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National bird''' | | [[Image:Pavo muticus (Tierpark Berlin) - 1017-899-(118).jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National tree''' | | [[Image:Baragad tree on the banks of Khadakwasla Dam.jpg|50px|link=Special:FilePath/Baragad_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg]] |- ! '''National flower''' | | [[Image:Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National animal''' | | [[Image:Panthera tigris.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National aquatic marine mammal''' | | [[Image:PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National reptile''' | | [[Image:King-Cobra.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National heritage mammal''' | | [[Image:Hanuman Langur.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National fruit''' | | [[Image:An Unripe Mango Of Ratnagiri (India).JPG|50px]] |- ! '''National temple''' | | [[Image:New Delhi Temple.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National river''' | | [[Image:River Ganges.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''National mountain''' | | [[Image:Nanda Devi 2006.JPG|50px]] |- |} == Etymology == India ke naam Indus se aais hai, jon ki purana Farsi bhasa me Hindu sabd hae. Farsi me ii Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu) se aais hae, jisme ii Indus Naddi ke naam hae. Purana jamana ke Greeek logan Hindusani log ke Indoi (Ινδοί), yaaniki Indus ke log, bolate the. India ke Constitution me des ko Bharat (pronounced [ˈbʱaːrət̪] bola jata hai. Bharat naam India ke ek purana raja Bharata se aya hai. Hindustan ([ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn] , jo ki Farsi se aaya hai, ka matalab “Hinduyon ka desh” hai. == Itihaas == India ek prachin des hae jiska lamba itihas hae. Adhunik India 1947 se ajaad desh hai,jo pehle British imperial crown aur usse pehle [[East India company]] ke indirect control Mein Tha. '''India ke itihaas''' uu time se suruu hoe hae jab ki 500,000 saal pahle hian pe ''[[Homo erectus]]'' rahat rahin, Iske baad hian pe 75,000 saal pahile ''[[Homo sapiens]]''rahe ke suruu karin. [[Indus Valley Civilization]], jon ki Indian sub-continent ke northwestern hissa me c. 3300 se 1300 BCE talak rahaa, India ke pahila khaas civilization rahaa. [[Iron Age India|Iron Age]] me ek [[Vedic Period|Vedic Civilization]], [[Indo-Gangetic plain]] me suru bhais jisme [[Magadha]] kingdom rahaa jon ki [[Mahavira]] aur [[Gautama Buddha]] ke 6th or 5th century BCE me janam dis rahaa. 4th and 3rd centuries BCE me lagbhag subcontinent ke sab hissa ke [[Maurya Empire]] aapan niche kar liis. Iske baad 1500 chhota chhota kingdom, jiske middle ke nnam se jaana jaawe hae, rahaa. Ii time India ke economy jorr se barha rahaa. 4h century me India ke north aur cental hissa ke unite kar ke Gupta Empire banaa jon ki 200 saal talak chalaa. Ii time Hinduism aur aage barrha. South India me [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], [[Pallavas]], aur [[Pandyan Dynasty|Pandyas]] raj karat rahin jon ki [[Hinduism]] aur [[Buddhism]] ke [[Asia]] ke dusra des me export karin. South India me, [[Kerala]] 77 CE se Roman Empire se trade karat rahaa. Islam bhi pahile Kerala me Muslim traders se aais. Muslim rule subcontinent me 712 CE me aais jab ki Arab general [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] [[Sindh]] aur [[Multan]] pr kapjaa karis.<ref name="infopak">{{cite web| url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/History.aspx| title=History in Chronological Order| publisher=Government of Pakistan| accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> Iske baad dher aur Muslim invaders central Asia se aain aur [[Delhi Sultanate]] aur [[Mughal Empire]] jaise Empire ke suruu karin. Mughal Empire ke saathe dher [[Rajput]] kingdoms, aur dher Hindu states, jaise ki [[Vijayanagara Empire]], [[Maratha Empire]], aur [[Ahom Kingdom]] bhi rahaa. 18th century me Moghul Empire [[Durrani Empire|Afghans]], [[Baloch people|Balochis]], [[Sikh Empire|Sikhs]], aur Marathas ke kaaran kamjor hoe gais. .<ref name="east_india">{{cite web| url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pktoc.html| title=Pakistan| publisher=Library of Congress| accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> Mid-18th century ke baad, India ke dhire dhire British East India Company aapan niche kar liis. Company ke raaj se nakhusi ke kaaran [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] bhais aur iske baad , India ke was directly [[British Raj|British Crown]] ke niche karaa gais. Iske baad [[Indian independence movement|struggle for independence]] ke [[Indian National Congress]] suru karis jiske baad me [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] bhi join karis. Subcontinent ke [[United Kingdom]] se 1947 me ajaadi mila aur des ke partition kar ke India aur Pakistan banawa gais. == Pradhan Mantri ki suchi == {| class="wikitable" border=0 cellpadding=1 cellspacing=1 style="border:1px solid black" |-bgcolor=#99ccff ! No. ! Name ! Chapa ! Entered Office ! Left office ! Birth ! Death ! Political party |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 1 | [[w:Jawahar Lal Nehru|Jawahar Lal Nehru]] | [[file:Jawaharlal Nehru.jpg|100px]] | 15 August 1947 ^'''c''' | 27 May 1964 ¹ | 14 November 1889 | 27 May 1964 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 2 | [[w:Gulzarilal Nanda|Gulzarilal Nanda]] | | 27 May 1964 | 9 June 1964 * | 4 July 1898 | 15 January 1998 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 3 | [[w:Lal Bahadur Shastri|Lal Bahadur Shastri]] | [[file:Lal Bahadur Shastri.JPG|100px]] | 9 June 1964 | 11 January 1966 ¹ | 2 October 1904 | 11 January 1966 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 4 | [[w:Gulzarilal Nanda|Gulzarilal Nanda]] | | 11 January 1966 | 24 January 1966 * | 4 July 1898 | 15 January 1998 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 5 | [[w:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] | [[file:Indira Gandhi in 1967.jpg|100px]] | 24 January 1966 ² ^'''c''' | 24 March 1977 | 19 November 1917 | 31 October 1984 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 6 | [[w:Morarji Desai|Morarji Desai]] | [[file:Morarji Desai 1978.jpg|100px]] | 24 March 1977 | 28 July 1979 ⁴ | 29 February 1896 | 10 April 1995 | [[w:Janata Party|Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 7 | [[w:Charan Singh|Charan Singh]] | [[file:Chaudhary-charan-singh.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/Chaudhary-charan-singh.jpg]] | 28 July 1979 | 14 January 1980 ³ | 23 December 1902 | 29 May 1987 | [[w:Janata Party|Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 8 | [[w:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] | [[file:Indira Gandhi in 1967.jpg|100px]] | 14 January 1980 ² | 31 October 1984 ¹ | 19 November 1917 | 31 October 1984 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 9 | [[w:Rajiv Gandhi|Rajiv Gandhi]] | | 31 October 1984^'''c''' | 2 December 1989 | 20 August 1944 | 21 May 1991 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 10 | [[w:Vishwanath Pratap Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] | [[file:V P Singh.jpg|60px|link=Special:FilePath/V_P_Singh.jpg]] | 2 December 1989 | 10 November 1990 ³ | 25 June 1931 | 27 November 2008 | [[w:Janata Dal|Janata Dal]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 11 | [[w:Chandra Shekhar|Chandra Shekhar]] | | 10 November 1990 | 21 June 1991 | 1 July 1927 | 8 July 2007 | [[w:Samajwadi Janata Party|Samajwadi Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 12 | [[w:P. V. Narasimha Rao|P. V. Narasimha Rao]] | [[file:P V Narasimha Rao.jpg|60px|link=Special:FilePath/P_V_Narasimha_Rao.jpg]] | 21 June 1991 ^'''c''' | 16 May 1996 | 28 June 1921 | 23 December 2004 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 13 | [[w:Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] | | 16 May 1996 | 1 June 1996 <sup>3</sup'''> | 25 December 1924 | 16 August 2018 | [[w:Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 14 | [[w:H. D. Deve Gowda|H. D. Deve Gowda]] | [[file:H D Devegauda.jpg|60px|link=Special:FilePath/H_D_Devegauda.jpg]] | 1 June 1996 | 21 April 1997 ³ | 18 May 1933 | Alive | [[w:Janata Dal|Janata Dal]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 15 | [[w:Inder Kumar Gujral|Inder Kumar Gujral]] | [[file:I k gujral.jpg|100px]] | 21 April 1997 | 19 March 1998 | 4 December 1919 | 30 November 2012 | [[w:Janata Dal|Janata Dal]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 16 | [[w:Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] | | 19 March 1998 ^'''c''' | 22 May 2004 | 25 December 1924 | 16 August 2018 | [[wBharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 17 | [[Manmohan Singh|Dr. Manmohan Singh]] | [[file:Manmohansingh04052007.jpg|60px]] | 22 May 2004 | 26 May 2014 | 26 September 1932 | Alive | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 18 | [[w:Narendra Damodardas Modi|Narendra Damodardas Modi]] | [[File:2019 Diálogo dos Líderes com o Conselho Empresarial do BRICS e o Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento - 49065550471.jpg|100px]] | 26 May 2014 ^'''c''' | [[Incumbent]] | 17 September 1950 | Alive | [[w:Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]] |} === Notes === * * Interim - It is debatable whether Mr. Gulzari Lal Nanda was a Prime Minister or an Acting Prime Minister. The constitution does not have a position of acting Prime Minister. Mr. Nanda was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India. In contrast, the constitution provides for an acting President who discharges the duties of a President. Hence, constitutional experts and historians now agree that Mr. Nanda is the second Prime Minister of India. ^'''c'''-indicates a full term * ¹ Assassinated or Died in Office * ² Returned to Office * ³ Resigned * ⁴ Dismissed by President following a [[no-confidence motion]] == Presidents == Ii suchi ke number karaa gais hae uu order pe jispe uu logan presential election ke jitin rahaa. [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]], [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]], aur [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]], acting president rahin, aur ii kaaran se number nai karaa gais hae. India ke President koi party ke member nai rahe hae aur ''Political party'' waala column ii dekhae hae ki president elect hoe se pahile kon party me rahaa. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" |- ! width=2% |# ! width=14% |Name ! width=10% |Portrait ! width=10% |Took office ! width=10% |Left office ! width=12% |Vice President ! width=24% |Notes |- | 1 | [[w:Dr Rajendra Prasad|Dr Rajendra Prasad]] | [[file:Dr.Rajendra.Prasad.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/Dr.Rajendra.Prasad.jpg]] | 26 January 1950 | 13 May 1962 | [[w:Dr.S Radhakrishnan|Dr.S Radhakrishnan]] |align="left"|Prasad, ajaad India ke pahila President rahaa aur Bihar ke rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/05/07/stories/2002050700690800.htm |title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Hindu |date=7 May 1952 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811816,00.html |title= Republic Day |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= Time |date=6 February 1950 }}</ref> Uu India ke ajaadi ke larai me bhi involved rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/10/stories/2006121013240200.htm |title=Rajendra Prasad's birth anniversary celebrated |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= The Hindu |date=10 December 2006 }}</ref> Prasad, ekke President rahaa jon ki dui dafe President banaa.<ref name="selecting next">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/06/stories/2006120603561000.htm |title=Selecting the next Rashtrapati |accessdate=30 November 2008 |author=Harish Khare |work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2006 }}</ref> |- | 2 | [[w:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] |[[file:Radhakrishnan telugu signature.jpg|100px]] | 13 May 1962 | 13 May 1967 | [[w:Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] |Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a [[Knight of the Realm]] and also held the position of [[vice chancellor]] of the [[Andhra University]] and [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060415/asp/opinion/story_6099278.asp |title=Why Amartya Sen should become the next president of India |accessdate=30 November 2008 |author=Ramachandra Guha |publisher=The Telegraph |date=15 April 2006 }}</ref> He was also made a Knight of the [[Golden Army of Angels]] by [[Pope Paul VI]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000130/spectrum/main2.htm |title=Dr S. Radhakrishnan |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Sunday Tribune |date=30 January 2000 }}</ref> |- | 3 | [[w:Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] | | 13 May 1967 | 3 May 1969 | [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] |Hussain was vice chancellor of the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and a recipient of [[Padma Vibhushan]] and [[Bharat Ratna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/zakir.asp |title=Zakir Husain, Dr. |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He died before his term of office was ended. |- style="background-color:Wheat" | | [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] * | | 3 May 1969 | 20 July 1969 | |align="left"|Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/12/stories/2007071260671200.htm |title=Shekhawat need not compare himself to Giri: Shashi Bhushan |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Hindu |date=12 July 2007 }}</ref> He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections.<ref name="resign" /> |- style="background-color:Wheat" | | [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]] * | [[file:Muhammad Hidayatullah.jpg|70px|link=Special:FilePath/Muhammad_Hidayatullah.jpg]] | 20 July 1969 | 24 August 1969 | |align="left"|Hidayatullah served as the [[Chief Justice of India]], and was a recipient of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/hiday.asp |title=Hidayatullah, Shri M |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India. |- | 4 | [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] | | 24 August 1969 | 24 August 1974 | [[w:Gopal Swarup Pathak|Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |Giri is the only person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to [[Ceylon]] (Sri Lanka).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/giri.asp |title=Giri, Shri Varahagiri Venkata |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> |- | 5 | [[w:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] | [[file:Dr fakhruddin ali ahmed.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/Dr_fakhruddin_ali_ahmed.jpg]] | 24 August 1974 | 11 February 1977 | [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]] |Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have died during a term of office.<ref name="PIB">{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/gal.html |title=Gallery of Indian Presidents |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Press Information Bureau of the Government of India |date= }}</ref> |- style="background-color:Wheat" | | [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]] * |[[file:B D Jatti.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/B_D_Jatti.jpg]] | 11 February 1977 | 25 July 1977 | |align="left"|Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of [[Mysore state|Mysore]].<ref name="PIB" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/jati.asp |title=Jatti, Shri Basappa Danappa |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> |- | 6 | [[w:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] | [[file:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|100px]] | 25 July 1977 | 25 July 1982 | [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]] |N.S.Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only [[Member of Parliament]] from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |first=G.S. |last=Bhargava |coauthors= |title=Making of the Prez - Congress chief selects PM as well as President |work=The Tribune |page= |date= |accessdate=6 January 2009|quote= |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070730/edit.htm }}</ref> He was unanimously elected Speaker of the [[Lok Sabha]] on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India. |- | 7 | [[w:Giani Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]] | | 25 July 1982 | 25 July 1987 | [[w:R. Venkataraman|Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] |<br />In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://books.google.lk/books?id=nHnOERqf-MQC&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=%22Giani+Zail+Singh%22%2Bpunjabi&source=bl&ots=PCVV0gJqFJ&sig=W0TBiEbR0r9ULzarnd37JXiZIiA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPA217,M1 |title=India |accessdate=3 January 2009 |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley A. |year=1999 |publisher=University of California Press |location= |page=217 }}</ref> |- | 8 | [[w:R. Venkataraman|Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] | [[file:R Venkataraman.jpg|100px]] | 25 July 1987 | 25 July 1992 | [[w:Shankar Dayal Sharma|Shankar Dayal Sharma]] |In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the [[Indian independence movement|India's independence]] movement.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sanjoy|last=Hazarika |coauthors= |title=Man In The News; India's Mild New President: Ramaswamy Venkataraman |work=The New York Times |page= |date=17 July 1987 |accessdate=6 January 2009|quote= |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDD1239F934A25754C0A961948260&n=Top/News/World/Countries%20and%20Territories/India }}</ref> After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/venkat.asp|title=Venkataraman, Shri R. |accessdate=6 January 2009 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> |- | 9 | [[w:Shankar Dayal Sharma|Shankar Dayal Sharma]] | | 25 July 1992 | 25 July 1997 | [[w:K. R. Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]] |Sharma was Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.org/pic/PR_1999/December_99/PR_Dec_27(1)_1999.html |title=Former President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma passes away |accessdate=6 December 2008 |author=Navtej Sarna |publisher=Embassy of India, Washington D.C. |date=27 December 1999 }}</ref> |- | 10 | [[w:Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]] | [[file:KRN Giddens.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/KRN_Giddens.jpg]] | 25 July 1997 | 25 July 2002 | [[w:Krishan Kant|Krishan Kant]] |<br />Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/krn.asp |title=Narayanan, Shri K, R |accessdate=6 December 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He was also the vice-chancellor of [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nuke.humanrightskerala.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=5097 |title=The BJP's aim was to get rid of me |accessdate=6 January 2009 |work= |publisher=Confederation of Human Rights Organizations |date=}}</ref> |- | 11 | [[w:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] | [[file:A P J Abdul Kalam.jpg|100px]] | 25 July 2002 | 25 July 2007 | [[w:Bhairon Singh Shekhawat|Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] | Kalam, was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.<ref>{{cite book |title=Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream |last=Ramana |first=M. V. |authorlink= |coauthors=Reddy, C. Rammanohar |year=2002 |publisher=Orient Longman |location=New Delhi |isbn= |page=169 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IjZA-bQde1wC&pg=RA1-PA169&dq=%22Abdul+Kalam%22+%22%22Pokhran-II%22&ei=R6niSOzbDI3gtgPx0tiOBw&sig=ACfU3U0vTUY4GkXlltbzgECN98hWD8A6zQ }}</ref> Kalam also received the [[Bharat Ratna]]. |- | 12 | [[w:Pratibha Patil|Pratibha Patil]] | [[file:PratibhaIndia.jpg|100px]] | 25 July 2007 | [[Incumbent]] | [[w:Mohammad Hamid Ansari|Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |Patil is the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/21/AR2007072100525.html |title=Female President Elected in India |accessdate=2 December 2008 |author=Emily Wax |publisher=The Washington Post |date=22 July 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=38190 |title=Pratibha Patil is Rajasthan’s first woman governor |accessdate=6 December 2008 |work=Express India |date=8 November 2008 }}</ref> |- |13 |Pranab Mukherjee |[[file:Pranab Mukherjee.jpg|thumb|161x161px]] |25 July 2012 |25 July 2017 |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |In a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee has been a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and has occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India. |- |14 |Ram Nath Kovind |[[file:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|thumb|137x137px]] |25 July 2017 |Current |Mohammad Hamid Ansari M. Venkaiah Naidu |Previously he had served as the 26th Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017 presidential election. |- |} * Symbol (*) light brown backgroundke saathe, ii dekhae hae ki iiacting president rahaa. | 13 | [[w:Pranav Mukharjee|Pranav Mukharjee]] | [[file:Pranav MukharjeeIndia.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/Pranav_MukharjeeIndia.jpg]] == States and union territories == {{Main|States and territories of India}} [[Indian Settler|India]] me 28 states aur 9 union territories hae (jisme national capital territory bhi hae)<ref>[http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php] States and Union Territories of India - Source - Govt of India Official Website</ref>. Union territories ke President of India se appoint karaa gais administrators chalawe hae. Dui territor, (Delhi aur Puducherry) ke partial statehood dewa gais hae, jisme ek elected legislature aur executive councils of ministers hae, lekin state e raam ii logan ke lage puura taagat nai hae.Article 370 5 august ko remove kiya tha aur tab 9 union terretories ho gaye [[file:India-states-numbered.svg|thumb]] ;States {|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !Number !State !Code !Capital |- |1 |[[Andhra Pradesh]] |AP |[[Amravati , India|Hyderabad]] |- |2 |[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |AR |[[Itanagar]] |- |3 |[[Assam]] |AS |[[Dispur]] |- |4 |[[Bihar]] |BR |[[Patna]] |- |5 |[[Chhattisgarh]] |CG |[[Raipur]] |- |6 |[[Goa]] |GA |[[Panaji]] |- |7 |[[Gujarat]] |GJ |[[Gandhinagar]] |- |8 |[[Haryana]] |HR |[[Chandigarh]] |- |9 |[[Himachal Pradesh]] |HP |[[Shimla]] |- |10 |[[Jammu and Kashmir]] |JK |[[Srinagar]] |- |11 |[[Jharkhand]] |JH |[[Ranchi]] |- |12 |[[Karnataka]] |KA |[[Bangalore]] |- |13 |[[Kerala]] |KL |[[Thiruvananthapuram]] |- |14 |[[Madhya Pradesh]] |MP |[[Bhopal]] |- |15 |[[Maharashtra]] |MH |[[Mumbai]] |- |16 |[[Manipur]] |MN |[[Imphal]] |- |17 |[[Meghalaya]] |ML |[[Shillong]] |- |18 |[[Mizoram]] |MZ |[[Aizawl]] |- |19 |[[Nagaland]] |NL |[[Kohima]] |- |20 |[[Orissa]] |OR |[[Bhubaneswar]] |- |21 |[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] |PB |[[Chandigarh]] |- |22 |[[Rajasthan]] |RJ |[[Jaipur]] |- |23 |[[Sikkim]] |SK |[[Gangtok]] |- |24 |[[Tamil Nadu]] |TN |[[Chennai]] |- |25 |[[Tripura]] |TR |[[Agartala]] |- |26 |[[Uttar Pradesh]] |UP |[[Lucknow]] |- |27 |[[Uttarakhand]] |UL |[[Dehradun]] |- |28 |[[West Bengal]] |WB |[[Kolkata]] |- |29 |[[Telangana]] | TS |[[Hyderabad]] |} ;Union territories {|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !Number !Union territory !Code !Capital |- |A |[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] |AN |[[Port Blair]] |- |B |[[Chandigarh]] |CH |Chandigarh |- |C |[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] |DN |[[Silvassa]] |- |D |[[Daman and Diu]] |DD |[[Daman, India|Daman]] |- |E |[[Lakshadweep]] |LD |[[Kavaratti]] |- |F |[[Delhi|National Capital Territory]] |ND |[[New Delhi]] |- |G |[[Puducherry]] |PY |[[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] |- |H |[[Kashmir]] | | |- |I |[[Ladakh]] | | |} == Chapa ke gallery == <div align="center"> <gallery> file:Indischer Maler des 6. Jahrhunderts 001.jpg|Ajanta Caves file:India-states-numbered.svg|India ke states aur territories file:NorthBlock.jpg|New Delhi me Government Office file:India Geographic Map.jpg|India ke Topograhic map file:Tso Kiagar Lake Ladakh.jpg|Ladakh file:Bombay Stock Exchange.jpg|Bombay Stock Exchange file:Taj Mahal in March 2004.jpg|Taj Mahal </gallery>The history of india is widely spread.The language Sanskrit is considered as mother of all languages </div> == References == <references /> [[vibhag:India| ]] [[vibhag:Commonwealth ke member]] [[vibhag:English bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Hindi bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Panjabi bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Urdu bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Bengali bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Gujarati bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Sindhi bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Telugu bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Tamil bhasa waala des]] jmq7xk1eftqcbp0olfjjb9ffg42l845 272689 272686 2022-08-09T16:45:37Z 2409:4050:2D43:90AD:BC9A:8734:DBF:40D8 /* States and union territories */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republic of India<br />भारत गणराज्य<br />Bharat Gaṇarājya'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[file:Flag of India.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[file:Emblem of India.svg|80px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | India ka jhanda | align="center" width="140px" | National Emblem |} |- | align="center" colspan="2" | <small>'''''Motto''': Satyameva Jayate<br />English: Truth Alone Triumphs<br />Sanskrit:सत्यमेव जयते<br />''</small>jay hind<br /> |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[file:India_(orthographic_projection).svg|300px]] |- | '''Rajabhasa''' || हिन्दी Hindi, Angreji |- | '''Rashtra Gaana:''' || ''[[India ka national anthem|Jana Gana Mana]]'' |- | '''Rajdhani''' || [[New Delhi]]<br /><small>28º 34' N, 77º 12' E</small> |- | '''Sarkaar'''<br />&nbsp;- President<br />&nbsp;- Prime Minister | Federal republic<br /><br />Draupadi murmu<br />[[Narendra Modi]] |- | '''Ajaadi'''<br />&nbsp;-Date |&nbsp;- United Kingdom ( Angrejon se)<br />[[15 August]] [[1947]] <br /> |- | '''Kshetrafal'''<br /> &nbsp;- Total <br /> &nbsp;- % paani | 7th position<br /> 3,287,263&nbsp;km²<br /> 9.56% |- | '''Janasankhya'''<br /> &nbsp;- Total [[2011|(2011)]] <br />&nbsp;-Density |&nbsp;- 2nd position <br />1,210,854,977 <br />403.8/km² |- | '''GDP''' <br />&nbsp;- Total ([[2019]]) <br />&nbsp;- Per capita | 5th position <br />$ 2,850,000,000<br />$ 2,041 |- | '''Mudra''' || Indian rupee(INR) |- | '''Samay Mandal''' || UTC +5:30 |- | '''Durbhasha code''' || +91 |- | '''[[Internet TLD]]''' || .in |} [[file:Sikh pilgrim at the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India.jpg|thumb|Amritsar ke Golden Temple]] '''India''' ('''Bharat''', '''Hindustan'''), South [[Asia]] ka ek desh hai. Iski abaadi 1,370,000,000 se jaada hai. India ki raajdhaani [[New Delhi]] hai. Is desh ki 22 adhikarik bhashayen hain. Ye kshetrafal me duniya ka satvaan (7th) sab se bada desh hai aur abaadi mein dusra sab se bada desh hai, lekin duniya ki sab se badi democracy hai. Iske dakshin me [[Indian Ocean]], pashchim me [[Arabian Sea]], purab me [[Bay of Bengal]] hai. Iske border ke paschim me [[Pakistan]], uttar me [[China]], [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]] aur poorab me [[Bangladesh]] aur [[Myanmar]] hai. India ke dakshin me [[Indian Ocean]] me to the east. India ke dakshin me [[Sri Lanka]], [[Maldives]], aur [[Indonesia]] hai. {| class="infobox borderless" |+ National symbols of the Republic of India (Official) |- ! '''National heritage animal''' | | [[Image:2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National bird''' | | [[Image:Pavo muticus (Tierpark Berlin) - 1017-899-(118).jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National tree''' | | [[Image:Baragad tree on the banks of Khadakwasla Dam.jpg|50px|link=Special:FilePath/Baragad_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg]] |- ! '''National flower''' | | [[Image:Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National animal''' | | [[Image:Panthera tigris.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National aquatic marine mammal''' | | [[Image:PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National reptile''' | | [[Image:King-Cobra.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National heritage mammal''' | | [[Image:Hanuman Langur.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National fruit''' | | [[Image:An Unripe Mango Of Ratnagiri (India).JPG|50px]] |- ! '''National temple''' | | [[Image:New Delhi Temple.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''National river''' | | [[Image:River Ganges.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''National mountain''' | | [[Image:Nanda Devi 2006.JPG|50px]] |- |} == Etymology == India ke naam Indus se aais hai, jon ki purana Farsi bhasa me Hindu sabd hae. Farsi me ii Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu) se aais hae, jisme ii Indus Naddi ke naam hae. Purana jamana ke Greeek logan Hindusani log ke Indoi (Ινδοί), yaaniki Indus ke log, bolate the. India ke Constitution me des ko Bharat (pronounced [ˈbʱaːrət̪] bola jata hai. Bharat naam India ke ek purana raja Bharata se aya hai. Hindustan ([ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn] , jo ki Farsi se aaya hai, ka matalab “Hinduyon ka desh” hai. == Itihaas == India ek prachin des hae jiska lamba itihas hae. Adhunik India 1947 se ajaad desh hai,jo pehle British imperial crown aur usse pehle [[East India company]] ke indirect control Mein Tha. '''India ke itihaas''' uu time se suruu hoe hae jab ki 500,000 saal pahle hian pe ''[[Homo erectus]]'' rahat rahin, Iske baad hian pe 75,000 saal pahile ''[[Homo sapiens]]''rahe ke suruu karin. [[Indus Valley Civilization]], jon ki Indian sub-continent ke northwestern hissa me c. 3300 se 1300 BCE talak rahaa, India ke pahila khaas civilization rahaa. [[Iron Age India|Iron Age]] me ek [[Vedic Period|Vedic Civilization]], [[Indo-Gangetic plain]] me suru bhais jisme [[Magadha]] kingdom rahaa jon ki [[Mahavira]] aur [[Gautama Buddha]] ke 6th or 5th century BCE me janam dis rahaa. 4th and 3rd centuries BCE me lagbhag subcontinent ke sab hissa ke [[Maurya Empire]] aapan niche kar liis. Iske baad 1500 chhota chhota kingdom, jiske middle ke nnam se jaana jaawe hae, rahaa. Ii time India ke economy jorr se barha rahaa. 4h century me India ke north aur cental hissa ke unite kar ke Gupta Empire banaa jon ki 200 saal talak chalaa. Ii time Hinduism aur aage barrha. South India me [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], [[Pallavas]], aur [[Pandyan Dynasty|Pandyas]] raj karat rahin jon ki [[Hinduism]] aur [[Buddhism]] ke [[Asia]] ke dusra des me export karin. South India me, [[Kerala]] 77 CE se Roman Empire se trade karat rahaa. Islam bhi pahile Kerala me Muslim traders se aais. Muslim rule subcontinent me 712 CE me aais jab ki Arab general [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] [[Sindh]] aur [[Multan]] pr kapjaa karis.<ref name="infopak">{{cite web| url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/History.aspx| title=History in Chronological Order| publisher=Government of Pakistan| accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> Iske baad dher aur Muslim invaders central Asia se aain aur [[Delhi Sultanate]] aur [[Mughal Empire]] jaise Empire ke suruu karin. Mughal Empire ke saathe dher [[Rajput]] kingdoms, aur dher Hindu states, jaise ki [[Vijayanagara Empire]], [[Maratha Empire]], aur [[Ahom Kingdom]] bhi rahaa. 18th century me Moghul Empire [[Durrani Empire|Afghans]], [[Baloch people|Balochis]], [[Sikh Empire|Sikhs]], aur Marathas ke kaaran kamjor hoe gais. .<ref name="east_india">{{cite web| url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pktoc.html| title=Pakistan| publisher=Library of Congress| accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> Mid-18th century ke baad, India ke dhire dhire British East India Company aapan niche kar liis. Company ke raaj se nakhusi ke kaaran [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] bhais aur iske baad , India ke was directly [[British Raj|British Crown]] ke niche karaa gais. Iske baad [[Indian independence movement|struggle for independence]] ke [[Indian National Congress]] suru karis jiske baad me [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] bhi join karis. Subcontinent ke [[United Kingdom]] se 1947 me ajaadi mila aur des ke partition kar ke India aur Pakistan banawa gais. == Pradhan Mantri ki suchi == {| class="wikitable" border=0 cellpadding=1 cellspacing=1 style="border:1px solid black" |-bgcolor=#99ccff ! No. ! Name ! Chapa ! Entered Office ! Left office ! Birth ! Death ! Political party |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 1 | [[w:Jawahar Lal Nehru|Jawahar Lal Nehru]] | [[file:Jawaharlal Nehru.jpg|100px]] | 15 August 1947 ^'''c''' | 27 May 1964 ¹ | 14 November 1889 | 27 May 1964 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 2 | [[w:Gulzarilal Nanda|Gulzarilal Nanda]] | | 27 May 1964 | 9 June 1964 * | 4 July 1898 | 15 January 1998 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 3 | [[w:Lal Bahadur Shastri|Lal Bahadur Shastri]] | [[file:Lal Bahadur Shastri.JPG|100px]] | 9 June 1964 | 11 January 1966 ¹ | 2 October 1904 | 11 January 1966 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 4 | [[w:Gulzarilal Nanda|Gulzarilal Nanda]] | | 11 January 1966 | 24 January 1966 * | 4 July 1898 | 15 January 1998 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 5 | [[w:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] | [[file:Indira Gandhi in 1967.jpg|100px]] | 24 January 1966 ² ^'''c''' | 24 March 1977 | 19 November 1917 | 31 October 1984 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 6 | [[w:Morarji Desai|Morarji Desai]] | [[file:Morarji Desai 1978.jpg|100px]] | 24 March 1977 | 28 July 1979 ⁴ | 29 February 1896 | 10 April 1995 | [[w:Janata Party|Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 7 | [[w:Charan Singh|Charan Singh]] | [[file:Chaudhary-charan-singh.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/Chaudhary-charan-singh.jpg]] | 28 July 1979 | 14 January 1980 ³ | 23 December 1902 | 29 May 1987 | [[w:Janata Party|Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 8 | [[w:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] | [[file:Indira Gandhi in 1967.jpg|100px]] | 14 January 1980 ² | 31 October 1984 ¹ | 19 November 1917 | 31 October 1984 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 9 | [[w:Rajiv Gandhi|Rajiv Gandhi]] | | 31 October 1984^'''c''' | 2 December 1989 | 20 August 1944 | 21 May 1991 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 10 | [[w:Vishwanath Pratap Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] | [[file:V P Singh.jpg|60px|link=Special:FilePath/V_P_Singh.jpg]] | 2 December 1989 | 10 November 1990 ³ | 25 June 1931 | 27 November 2008 | [[w:Janata Dal|Janata Dal]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 11 | [[w:Chandra Shekhar|Chandra Shekhar]] | | 10 November 1990 | 21 June 1991 | 1 July 1927 | 8 July 2007 | [[w:Samajwadi Janata Party|Samajwadi Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 12 | [[w:P. V. Narasimha Rao|P. V. Narasimha Rao]] | [[file:P V Narasimha Rao.jpg|60px|link=Special:FilePath/P_V_Narasimha_Rao.jpg]] | 21 June 1991 ^'''c''' | 16 May 1996 | 28 June 1921 | 23 December 2004 | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 13 | [[w:Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] | | 16 May 1996 | 1 June 1996 <sup>3</sup'''> | 25 December 1924 | 16 August 2018 | [[w:Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 14 | [[w:H. D. Deve Gowda|H. D. Deve Gowda]] | [[file:H D Devegauda.jpg|60px|link=Special:FilePath/H_D_Devegauda.jpg]] | 1 June 1996 | 21 April 1997 ³ | 18 May 1933 | Alive | [[w:Janata Dal|Janata Dal]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 15 | [[w:Inder Kumar Gujral|Inder Kumar Gujral]] | [[file:I k gujral.jpg|100px]] | 21 April 1997 | 19 March 1998 | 4 December 1919 | 30 November 2012 | [[w:Janata Dal|Janata Dal]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 16 | [[w:Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] | | 19 March 1998 ^'''c''' | 22 May 2004 | 25 December 1924 | 16 August 2018 | [[wBharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 17 | [[Manmohan Singh|Dr. Manmohan Singh]] | [[file:Manmohansingh04052007.jpg|60px]] | 22 May 2004 | 26 May 2014 | 26 September 1932 | Alive | [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] |-bgcolor=#F4F9FF | 18 | [[w:Narendra Damodardas Modi|Narendra Damodardas Modi]] | [[File:2019 Diálogo dos Líderes com o Conselho Empresarial do BRICS e o Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento - 49065550471.jpg|100px]] | 26 May 2014 ^'''c''' | [[Incumbent]] | 17 September 1950 | Alive | [[w:Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]] |} === Notes === * * Interim - It is debatable whether Mr. Gulzari Lal Nanda was a Prime Minister or an Acting Prime Minister. The constitution does not have a position of acting Prime Minister. Mr. Nanda was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India. In contrast, the constitution provides for an acting President who discharges the duties of a President. Hence, constitutional experts and historians now agree that Mr. Nanda is the second Prime Minister of India. ^'''c'''-indicates a full term * ¹ Assassinated or Died in Office * ² Returned to Office * ³ Resigned * ⁴ Dismissed by President following a [[no-confidence motion]] == Presidents == Ii suchi ke number karaa gais hae uu order pe jispe uu logan presential election ke jitin rahaa. [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]], [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]], aur [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]], acting president rahin, aur ii kaaran se number nai karaa gais hae. India ke President koi party ke member nai rahe hae aur ''Political party'' waala column ii dekhae hae ki president elect hoe se pahile kon party me rahaa. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%" |- ! width=2% |# ! width=14% |Name ! width=10% |Portrait ! width=10% |Took office ! width=10% |Left office ! width=12% |Vice President ! width=24% |Notes |- | 1 | [[w:Dr Rajendra Prasad|Dr Rajendra Prasad]] | [[file:Dr.Rajendra.Prasad.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/Dr.Rajendra.Prasad.jpg]] | 26 January 1950 | 13 May 1962 | [[w:Dr.S Radhakrishnan|Dr.S Radhakrishnan]] |align="left"|Prasad, ajaad India ke pahila President rahaa aur Bihar ke rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/05/07/stories/2002050700690800.htm |title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Hindu |date=7 May 1952 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811816,00.html |title= Republic Day |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= Time |date=6 February 1950 }}</ref> Uu India ke ajaadi ke larai me bhi involved rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/10/stories/2006121013240200.htm |title=Rajendra Prasad's birth anniversary celebrated |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= The Hindu |date=10 December 2006 }}</ref> Prasad, ekke President rahaa jon ki dui dafe President banaa.<ref name="selecting next">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/06/stories/2006120603561000.htm |title=Selecting the next Rashtrapati |accessdate=30 November 2008 |author=Harish Khare |work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2006 }}</ref> |- | 2 | [[w:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] |[[file:Radhakrishnan telugu signature.jpg|100px]] | 13 May 1962 | 13 May 1967 | [[w:Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] |Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a [[Knight of the Realm]] and also held the position of [[vice chancellor]] of the [[Andhra University]] and [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060415/asp/opinion/story_6099278.asp |title=Why Amartya Sen should become the next president of India |accessdate=30 November 2008 |author=Ramachandra Guha |publisher=The Telegraph |date=15 April 2006 }}</ref> He was also made a Knight of the [[Golden Army of Angels]] by [[Pope Paul VI]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000130/spectrum/main2.htm |title=Dr S. Radhakrishnan |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Sunday Tribune |date=30 January 2000 }}</ref> |- | 3 | [[w:Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] | | 13 May 1967 | 3 May 1969 | [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] |Hussain was vice chancellor of the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and a recipient of [[Padma Vibhushan]] and [[Bharat Ratna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/zakir.asp |title=Zakir Husain, Dr. |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He died before his term of office was ended. |- style="background-color:Wheat" | | [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] * | | 3 May 1969 | 20 July 1969 | |align="left"|Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/12/stories/2007071260671200.htm |title=Shekhawat need not compare himself to Giri: Shashi Bhushan |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Hindu |date=12 July 2007 }}</ref> He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections.<ref name="resign" /> |- style="background-color:Wheat" | | [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]] * | [[file:Muhammad Hidayatullah.jpg|70px|link=Special:FilePath/Muhammad_Hidayatullah.jpg]] | 20 July 1969 | 24 August 1969 | |align="left"|Hidayatullah served as the [[Chief Justice of India]], and was a recipient of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/hiday.asp |title=Hidayatullah, Shri M |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India. |- | 4 | [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] | | 24 August 1969 | 24 August 1974 | [[w:Gopal Swarup Pathak|Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |Giri is the only person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to [[Ceylon]] (Sri Lanka).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/giri.asp |title=Giri, Shri Varahagiri Venkata |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> |- | 5 | [[w:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] | [[file:Dr fakhruddin ali ahmed.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/Dr_fakhruddin_ali_ahmed.jpg]] | 24 August 1974 | 11 February 1977 | [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]] |Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have died during a term of office.<ref name="PIB">{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/gal.html |title=Gallery of Indian Presidents |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Press Information Bureau of the Government of India |date= }}</ref> |- style="background-color:Wheat" | | [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]] * |[[file:B D Jatti.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/B_D_Jatti.jpg]] | 11 February 1977 | 25 July 1977 | |align="left"|Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of [[Mysore state|Mysore]].<ref name="PIB" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/jati.asp |title=Jatti, Shri Basappa Danappa |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> |- | 6 | [[w:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] | [[file:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|100px]] | 25 July 1977 | 25 July 1982 | [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]] |N.S.Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only [[Member of Parliament]] from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |first=G.S. |last=Bhargava |coauthors= |title=Making of the Prez - Congress chief selects PM as well as President |work=The Tribune |page= |date= |accessdate=6 January 2009|quote= |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070730/edit.htm }}</ref> He was unanimously elected Speaker of the [[Lok Sabha]] on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India. |- | 7 | [[w:Giani Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]] | | 25 July 1982 | 25 July 1987 | [[w:R. Venkataraman|Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] |<br />In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://books.google.lk/books?id=nHnOERqf-MQC&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=%22Giani+Zail+Singh%22%2Bpunjabi&source=bl&ots=PCVV0gJqFJ&sig=W0TBiEbR0r9ULzarnd37JXiZIiA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPA217,M1 |title=India |accessdate=3 January 2009 |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley A. |year=1999 |publisher=University of California Press |location= |page=217 }}</ref> |- | 8 | [[w:R. Venkataraman|Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] | [[file:R Venkataraman.jpg|100px]] | 25 July 1987 | 25 July 1992 | [[w:Shankar Dayal Sharma|Shankar Dayal Sharma]] |In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the [[Indian independence movement|India's independence]] movement.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sanjoy|last=Hazarika |coauthors= |title=Man In The News; India's Mild New President: Ramaswamy Venkataraman |work=The New York Times |page= |date=17 July 1987 |accessdate=6 January 2009|quote= |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDD1239F934A25754C0A961948260&n=Top/News/World/Countries%20and%20Territories/India }}</ref> After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/venkat.asp|title=Venkataraman, Shri R. |accessdate=6 January 2009 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> |- | 9 | [[w:Shankar Dayal Sharma|Shankar Dayal Sharma]] | | 25 July 1992 | 25 July 1997 | [[w:K. R. Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]] |Sharma was Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.org/pic/PR_1999/December_99/PR_Dec_27(1)_1999.html |title=Former President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma passes away |accessdate=6 December 2008 |author=Navtej Sarna |publisher=Embassy of India, Washington D.C. |date=27 December 1999 }}</ref> |- | 10 | [[w:Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]] | [[file:KRN Giddens.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/KRN_Giddens.jpg]] | 25 July 1997 | 25 July 2002 | [[w:Krishan Kant|Krishan Kant]] |<br />Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/krn.asp |title=Narayanan, Shri K, R |accessdate=6 December 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He was also the vice-chancellor of [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nuke.humanrightskerala.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=5097 |title=The BJP's aim was to get rid of me |accessdate=6 January 2009 |work= |publisher=Confederation of Human Rights Organizations |date=}}</ref> |- | 11 | [[w:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] | [[file:A P J Abdul Kalam.jpg|100px]] | 25 July 2002 | 25 July 2007 | [[w:Bhairon Singh Shekhawat|Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] | Kalam, was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.<ref>{{cite book |title=Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream |last=Ramana |first=M. V. |authorlink= |coauthors=Reddy, C. Rammanohar |year=2002 |publisher=Orient Longman |location=New Delhi |isbn= |page=169 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IjZA-bQde1wC&pg=RA1-PA169&dq=%22Abdul+Kalam%22+%22%22Pokhran-II%22&ei=R6niSOzbDI3gtgPx0tiOBw&sig=ACfU3U0vTUY4GkXlltbzgECN98hWD8A6zQ }}</ref> Kalam also received the [[Bharat Ratna]]. |- | 12 | [[w:Pratibha Patil|Pratibha Patil]] | [[file:PratibhaIndia.jpg|100px]] | 25 July 2007 | [[Incumbent]] | [[w:Mohammad Hamid Ansari|Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |Patil is the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/21/AR2007072100525.html |title=Female President Elected in India |accessdate=2 December 2008 |author=Emily Wax |publisher=The Washington Post |date=22 July 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=38190 |title=Pratibha Patil is Rajasthan’s first woman governor |accessdate=6 December 2008 |work=Express India |date=8 November 2008 }}</ref> |- |13 |Pranab Mukherjee |[[file:Pranab Mukherjee.jpg|thumb|161x161px]] |25 July 2012 |25 July 2017 |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |In a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee has been a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and has occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India. |- |14 |Ram Nath Kovind |[[file:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|thumb|137x137px]] |25 July 2017 |Current |Mohammad Hamid Ansari M. Venkaiah Naidu |Previously he had served as the 26th Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017 presidential election. |- |} * Symbol (*) light brown backgroundke saathe, ii dekhae hae ki iiacting president rahaa. | 13 | [[w:Pranav Mukharjee|Pranav Mukharjee]] | [[file:Pranav MukharjeeIndia.jpg|100px|link=Special:FilePath/Pranav_MukharjeeIndia.jpg]] == States and union territories == {{Main|States and territories of India}} [[Indian Settler|India]] me 28 states aur 9 union territories hae (jisme national capital territory bhi hae)<ref>[http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php] States and Union Territories of India - Source - Govt of India Official Website</ref>. Union territories ke President of India se appoint karaa gais administrators chalawe hae. Dui territor, (Delhi aur Puducherry) ke partial statehood dewa gais hae, jisme ek elected legislature aur executive councils of ministers hae, lekin state e raam ii logan ke lage puura taagat nai hae.Article 370 5 august ko remove kiya tha aur tab 9 union terretories ho gaye [[file:India-states-numbered.svg|thumb]] ;States {|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !Number !State !Code !Capital |- |1 |[[Andhra Pradesh]] |AP |[[Amravati , India|Hyderabad]] |- |2 |[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |AR |[[Itanagar]] |- |3 |[[Assam]] |AS |[[Dispur]] |- |4 |[[Bihar]] |BR |[[Patna]] |- |5 |[[Chhattisgarh]] |CG |[[Raipur]] |- |6 |[[Goa]] |GA |[[Panaji]] |- |7 |[[Gujarat]] |GJ |[[Gandhinagar]] |- |8 |[[Haryana]] |HR |[[Chandigarh]] |- |9 |[[Himachal Pradesh]] |HP |[[Shimla]] |- |10 |[[Jammu and Kashmir]] |JK |[[Srinagar]] |- |11 |[[Jharkhand]] |JH |[[Ranchi]] |- |12 |[[Karnataka]] |KA |[[Bangalore]] |- |13 |[[Kerala]] |KL |[[Thiruvananthapuram]] |- |14 |[[Madhya Pradesh]] |MP |[[Bhopal]] |- |15 |[[Maharashtra]] |MH |[[Mumbai]] |- |16 |[[Manipur]] |MN |[[Imphal]] |- |17 |[[Meghalaya]] |ML |[[Shillong]] |- |18 |[[Mizoram]] |MZ |[[Aizawl]] |- |19 |[[Nagaland]] |NL |[[Kohima]] |- |20 |[[Orissa]] |OR |[[Bhubaneswar]] |- |21 |[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] |PB |[[Chandigarh]] |- |22 |[[Rajasthan]] |RJ |[[Jaipur]] |- |23 |[[Sikkim]] |SK |[[Gangtok]] |- |24 |[[Tamil Nadu]] |TN |[[Chennai]] |- |25 |[[Tripura]] |TR |[[Agartala]] |- |26 |[[Uttar Pradesh]] |UP |[[Lucknow]] |- |27 |[[Uttarakhand]] |UL |[[Dehradun]] |- |28 |[[West Bengal]] |WB |[[Kolkata]] |- |29 |[[Telangana]] | TS |[[Hyderabad]] |} ;Union territories {|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !Number !Union territory !Code !Capital |- |A |[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] |AN |[[Port Blair]] |- |B |[[Chandigarh]] |CH |Chandigarh |- |C |[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] |DN |[[Silvassa]] |- |D |[[Daman and Diu]] |DD |[[Daman, India|Daman]] |- |E |[[Lakshadweep]] |LD |[[Kavaratti]] |- |F |[[Delhi|National Capital Territory]] |ND |[[New Delhi]] |- |G |[[Puducherry]] |PY |[[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] |- |H |[[Kashmir]] | | |- |I |[[Ladakh]] | |capital [[leh]] |LA == Chapa ke gallery == <div align="center"> <gallery> file:Indischer Maler des 6. Jahrhunderts 001.jpg|Ajanta Caves file:India-states-numbered.svg|India ke states aur territories file:NorthBlock.jpg|New Delhi me Government Office file:India Geographic Map.jpg|India ke Topograhic map file:Tso Kiagar Lake Ladakh.jpg|Ladakh file:Bombay Stock Exchange.jpg|Bombay Stock Exchange file:Taj Mahal in March 2004.jpg|Taj Mahal </gallery>The history of india is widely spread.The language Sanskrit is considered as mother of all languages </div> == References == <references /> [[vibhag:India| ]] [[vibhag:Commonwealth ke member]] [[vibhag:English bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Hindi bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Panjabi bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Urdu bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Bengali bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Gujarati bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Sindhi bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Telugu bhasa waala des]] [[vibhag:Tamil bhasa waala des]] rrgi5hxjafrlgho0qc8vg7r6kgwa54m 0 10071 272695 198783 2022-08-10T05:49:58Z Mashkawat.ahsan 29621 Video #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Ukrainian |nativename={{lang|uk|'''Українська мова''' ''Ukrayins'ka mova''}} |ethnicity = [[Ukrainians]] |states = [[Ukraine]] |speakers = 35-37 million |date = 2009 |ref = <ref>http://www.forost.lmu.de/sprachdatenbank/sprachdatenbank.php?display=Ukrainisch:sprachdaten:verbreitung</ref><ref>[http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size «ethnologue.org»]</ref> |familycolor = Indo-European |fam2 = [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]] |fam3 = [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] |fam4 = [[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]] |ancestor = [[Old East Slavic]] |script = [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Ukrainian alphabet]])<br>[[Ukrainian Braille]] |nation = {{plainlist}} * {{UKR}} * ''{{flag|Transnistria}}'' <small>(unrecognized ''de facto'' state)</small> |minority = {{plainlist}} * {{flag|Moldova}} * {{flag|Hungary}} * {{flag|Serbia}}<ref name="treaty">{{cite web |url=http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG&VL=1 |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011) |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |accessdate=2012-05-22 }}</ref> * {{POL}}<ref name="treaty"/> * {{flag|Romania}}<ref name="treaty"/> * {{flag|Croatia}}<ref name="treaty"/> * {{flag|Slovakia}}<ref name="treaty"/> * {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<ref name="treaty"/> * {{CZE}}<ref name="languages">{{cite web |url=http://www.vlada.cz/en/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/historie-a-soucasnost-rady-en-16666/ |title=National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic |publisher=Vlada.cz |accessdate=2012-05-22}}</ref> |agency = [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]]: [[Institute for the Ukrainian Language]], [http://www.ulif.com.ua/UMIF/ Ukrainian language-informatical fund], [http://www.inmo.org.ua/ Potebnya Institute of Language Studies] |lingua = 53-AAA-ed < [[East Slavic languages|53-AAA-e]]<br>(varieties: 53-AAA-eda to 53-AAA-edq) |iso1 = uk |iso2 = ukr |iso3 = ukr }} [[File:Ukraine_census_2001_Ukrainian.svg|left|250px|Percentage of people in Ukrainian regions who speak Ukrainian as their native language (for 2001)]] '''Ukrainian bhasa''' (Ukrainian: '''українська (мова)''', transliteration: ukrajins'ka mova) ek Eastern slavic bhasa hae. Ii [[bhasa]] [[Indo-European bhasa|Indo-European]] ke family ke hae. [[File:WIKITONGUES- Vira speaking Ukrainian.webm|thumb|250px|Ukrainian bhasa]] Ukrainian duusra sab se jaada kaam me laae waala Slavic bhasa hae. Ii [[Ukraine]] ke official bhasa hae, jahaan pe 35 million log ii bhasa me baat kare hae. speakers in Ukraine. Dunia bhar me 50 million se jaada log ii bhasa me baat kare hae. Ukrainian bhasa ke Cyrillic alphabet me likha jaae hae. == Alphabet == Ukrainian alphabet with transliteration and German transcription: {| class="wikitable" ! Capital letter(HTML-''Entity'') ! Small letter(HTML-''Entity'') ! Academic <br />transliteration ! English <br />transcription ! German <br />transcription |----- | А (&amp;#1040;) || а (&amp;#1072;) | A a || A a || A a |----- | Б (&amp;#1041;) || б (&amp;#1073;) | B b || B b || B b |----- | В (&amp;#1042;) || в (&amp;#1074;) | V v || V v || W w |----- | Г (&amp;#1043;) || г (&amp;#1075;) | H h || H h || H h |----- | Ґ (&amp;#1168;) || ґ (&amp;#1169;) | G g || G g || G g |----- | Д (&amp;#1044;) || д (&amp;#1076;) | D d || D d || D d |----- | Е (&amp;#1045;) || е (&amp;#1077;) | E e || E e || E e |----- | Є (&amp;#1028;) || є (&amp;#1108;) | Je je || Ye ye || Je je |----- | Ж (&amp;#1046;) || ж (&amp;#1078;) | Ž ž || Zh zh || Sch (Sh) sch (sh) |----- | З (&amp;#1047;) || з (&amp;#1079;) | Z z || Z z || S s |----- | И (&amp;#1048;) || и (&amp;#1080;) | Y y || Y y || Y y |----- | І (&amp;#1030;) || і (&amp;#1110;) | I i || I i || I i |----- | Ї (&amp;#1031;) || ї (&amp;#1111;) | Ji ji || Yi yi || Ji ji |----- | Й (&amp;#1049;) || й (&amp;#1081;) | J j ¹ || Y y || J j |----- | К (&amp;#1050;) || к (&amp;#1082;) | K k || K k (instead ks x) || K k (instead ks x) |----- | Л (&amp;#1051;) || л (&amp;#1083;) | L l || L l || L l |----- | М (&amp;#1052;) || м (&amp;#1084;) | M m || M m || M m |----- | Н (&amp;#1053;) || н (&amp;#1085;) | N n || N n || N n |----- | О (&amp;#1054;) || о (&amp;#1086;) | O o || O o || O o |----- | П (&amp;#1055;) || п (&amp;#1087;) | P p || P p || P p |----- | Р (&amp;#1056;) || р (&amp;#1088;) | R r || R r || R r |----- | С (&amp;#1057;) || с (&amp;#1089;) | S s || S s || S s (between vowels ss) |----- | Т (&amp;#1058;) || т (&amp;#1090;) | T t || T t || T t |----- | У (&amp;#1059;) || у (&amp;#1091;) | U u || U u || U u |----- | Ф (&amp;#1060;) || ф (&amp;#1092;) | F f || F f || F f |----- | Х (&amp;#1061;) || х (&amp;#1093;) | Ch ch <!-- Is this sure? -->|| Kh, kh || Ch ch |----- | Ц (&amp;#1062;) || ц (&amp;#1094;) | C c || Ts ts || Z z |----- | Ч (&amp;#1063;) || ч (&amp;#1095;) | Č č || Ch ch || Tsch tsch |----- | Ш (&amp;#1064;) || ш (&amp;#1096;) | Š š || Sh sh || Sch sch |----- | Щ (&amp;#1065;) || щ (&amp;#1097;) | Šč šč || Shch shch || Schtsch schtsch (Stsch stsch) |----- | Ь (&amp;#1068;) || ь (&amp;#1100;) | ’ (apostrophe) before vowel j ² || ’ (apostrophe) before vowel y (Soft sign)|| (–) bzw. j |----- | Ю (&amp;#1070;) || ю (&amp;#1102;) | Ju Ju || Yu yu || Ju ju |----- | Я (&amp;#1071;) || я (&amp;#1103;) | Ja ja || Ya ya || Ja ja |----- | || ’ | ’ (apostrophe)³ || (–) || (–) |} === Notes === :¹only before o :²only after consonants; a capital letter does not exist; the soft sign ь is not a letter representing a sound, but modifies the sound of the preceding letter, indicating [[palatalisation]] ('softening'). :³an apostrophe (’) is used to mark de-palatalization of the preceding consonant. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Slavic bhasa]] [[Category:Europe ke bhasa]] [[vibhag:Bhasa]] 4s275yjsk4b8ufem48nn7296jfj8sgn 0 31084 272684 231586 2022-08-09T13:23:35Z 2409:4060:2D96:B63F:0:0:35CB:4304 Story dal diya wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Adharm''''' ek 1992 mein bana Hindi film hain. Yea film India mein Aziz Sejawal ke direction mein bana tha. Yea film mein Shatrughan Sinha, Shabana Azmi, Sanjay Dutt, Anita Raj acting kiye the. == Kahani Verma parivar ki hai jisme Vikram Gokhle ke do putra rahte hai, Ek Dharmik aur Dusra Adharmi Jagan Verma yani Kiran Kumar. == Vikram Gokhale saheb Jis haveli me rahte hai uska Naam Dharm Nivas hai. Kiran Kumar ko Dharm Niwas se Dhakka maar kar Bhaga diya Jata hai. Kuchh sal bad Kiran kumar k pita aur Bhai ki mrityu ho Jati hai. Shatrughan Sinha aur Sanjay Dutt , kiran kumar ke Bhatije hai. Jinki aapas me ladai puri film me dikhaya Gaya hai. Film ki story Achhi hai lekin Screen play average hai. [[vibhag:Films]] {{Film stub}} 6zjs242jjp3ypmk295wvzh58tmfv06j 3 49276 272693 265128 2022-08-10T02:16:37Z QueerEcofeminist 19129 QueerEcofeminist moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:Bada Kaji]] se [[sadasya ke baat:बडा काजी]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Bada Kaji|Bada Kaji]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/बडा काजी|बडा काजी]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Bada Kaji}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 15:15, 15 Juun 2021 (UTC) hkzwwg7s1bgtj5057tpqlddlnojwr3w 0 52761 272685 2022-08-09T13:41:11Z Kazan Zabur 2.0 29147 Panna jisme "'''Tammari language''' ek bhasa hae. [[vibhag:Bhasa]] {{lang-stub}}" hae ke banae dewa gais hae. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tammari language''' ek bhasa hae. [[vibhag:Bhasa]] {{lang-stub}} gs8lwuysfsugxqfst1uu589x2c68u7l 3 52762 272687 2022-08-09T15:49:49Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Ar6vindh}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 15:49, 9 August 2022 (UTC) 3e14f53biiu6gp3v9ho07c81xc0i51c 3 52763 272688 2022-08-09T16:35:27Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Md Revyat}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 16:35, 9 August 2022 (UTC) d7bgw0jh2n6emic01vd9hp1xbqj12kz 3 52764 272690 2022-08-09T18:14:46Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Krisi tranchev.1999}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 18:14, 9 August 2022 (UTC) blj9cujmdk9iv62k682k816vohk7a2d 3 52765 272691 2022-08-09T19:34:32Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Rahulmuz67}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 19:34, 9 August 2022 (UTC) h0hvkpzzvf7up73jbohc29dvmdkfxp1 3 52766 272692 2022-08-09T23:00:35Z New user message 12502 Adding [[Template:Welcome|welcome message]] to new user's talk page wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Davekee}} -- [[sadasya:New user message|New user message]] ([[sadasya ke baat:New user message|talk]]) 23:00, 9 August 2022 (UTC) imp7x14zngqkj4xhl00ghonfeurheqc 3 52767 272694 2022-08-10T02:16:37Z QueerEcofeminist 19129 QueerEcofeminist moved panna [[sadasya ke baat:Bada Kaji]] se [[sadasya ke baat:बडा काजी]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Bada Kaji|Bada Kaji]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/बडा काजी|बडा काजी]]" wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[sadasya ke baat:बडा काजी]] 5q8670w2tfqw5j0c0gygpmwy5g4uuua 0 52768 272696 2022-08-10T05:59:06Z Kazan Zabur 2.0 29147 Panna jisme "'''Kabiye language''' ek bhasa hae. 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