Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.23 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 6236 163428 163412 2022-08-03T11:59:08Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]]. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] hsoeuqlrghasq12r3bm7g82obsmguoa 163429 163428 2022-08-03T11:59:29Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] ngo1ikdg7mwma30zpo1l22ur708lmbk 163430 163429 2022-08-03T12:02:03Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]]. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 8zk7kuxp2okqj5f5cpg666kzgh7zmbo 163431 163430 2022-08-03T12:02:52Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 5lhgv4bi9ee8pnjzz3zfg4arhdviid8 163434 163431 2022-08-03T12:05:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 1x7l4lvki2j2aawvm3wclfe52yu3a75 163435 163434 2022-08-03T12:05:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] mbbzrwhtyjs625872e3bcopg58k3d7j 163437 163435 2022-08-03T12:56:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu tana da daga cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]]. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] ic7hreukwufzcmqjehfyt758cfdayf1 163438 163437 2022-08-03T12:58:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] npldxxpm99cc542uum83nbs45ki8rn7 163439 163438 2022-08-03T12:59:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River]]Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 41rwycpl5szi4y8tubjaj0nr2xjhmml 163440 163439 2022-08-03T13:00:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 7s1kyv23qdkn2hlsh38evelya4lwbwd 163441 163440 2022-08-03T13:02:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa Jamhoriyar [[Biyafara]]. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] bua1h4tm5jfgl5q7na58i86tunlazi6 163442 163441 2022-08-03T13:03:38Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 47tsyjlk2pi7l2cu29tmgrixnxkyz2z 163506 163442 2022-08-03T21:04:19Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 5pwrksb2tw6h5zzqqah5tf0bwi3ivpx 163507 163506 2022-08-03T21:06:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] atnyz1rs4mtflg1sfi9hie19e9fc6wa 163508 163507 2022-08-03T21:08:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] h1l26ydqze97xj4ihxpvcyxk0itgf33 163509 163508 2022-08-03T21:08:35Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] ttvd7qhlkajsg00dab4duo4a2m6mjix 163511 163509 2022-08-03T22:00:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] fyeajz3u6836w5ioud9ny1euels9xxy 163512 163511 2022-08-03T22:01:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 1hz1rr1unvxip3h5qxxrinnwes1gc5b 163513 163512 2022-08-03T22:02:19Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] ssyf1op9xdvbc0fqva0i01imbdtjagk 163514 163513 2022-08-03T22:03:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 8xg2lahjlpzf5vka7bbtsck1xjzin33 163515 163514 2022-08-03T22:04:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] lx0h0qc0pw1wcd1erxm2i69k8yj2w7q 163516 163515 2022-08-03T22:07:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 119oro16sdwq92y8xemcj7ojxxq1y7d 163517 163516 2022-08-03T22:09:10Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] pf3qo4vmcbqkjl3w4bzoxvs6zwqmjm5 163518 163517 2022-08-03T22:09:46Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 7s25rjj014kf4s69ga3lg83r4wwmu3y 163519 163518 2022-08-03T22:10:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] sqzq5cpsi7i9ney8n14zbydatsktr9i 163520 163519 2022-08-03T22:10:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] kyk2bx07j6wqarye4sav804ne04kq79 163521 163520 2022-08-03T22:11:09Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] cw4grg9py187v7lqif7jabtm9958nfp 163522 163521 2022-08-03T22:11:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] lq283s6yx9d2lgggp2nebwzzroc8hl5 163523 163522 2022-08-03T22:12:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == An samar da yankin jihar daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.[[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] nnuw5ufrytzdkulkh9eo2ottfo06slq 163524 163523 2022-08-03T22:14:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.[[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] maf5244umhkxcpzbzdrfrjh4kbwfqkp 163525 163524 2022-08-03T22:14:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref>[[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 81b8nb0o38x2fqiqthx2g5h7ylrf3nd 163526 163525 2022-08-03T22:28:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] frh4os50r92dp6a1sklfpabqa2wj9h0 163527 163526 2022-08-03T22:28:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 3ax5j9gqevq15h24qa3jt4ge1zyic9e 163528 163527 2022-08-03T22:30:02Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance harsuna masu mulkin kansu a wancan lokacin. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] s2rzo3q9ghqc7j36egqmz430abmpled 163529 163528 2022-08-03T22:30:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] iuvo10sd9cnyu5fsbod28h6cw2924th 163530 163529 2022-08-03T22:30:50Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] pmj1dcg2ir75hyj8zaeti0ikyupgd3k 163531 163530 2022-08-03T22:32:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] ja8jygabcjeso0j6uib23ej6c5y1ec9 163532 163531 2022-08-03T22:37:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] foa5ipfziajx7xkxb4lzk2m1j0gsjxt 163533 163532 2022-08-03T22:39:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 8c5hla1zw8qw47fd8sjdwjpgh154idn 163534 163533 2022-08-03T22:40:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo wato Ibibio Welfare Union. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] rzu1ca8om6noemdn3qy2s164vmx65jy 163535 163534 2022-08-03T22:41:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union) [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 3ldec8yyb2bqgbd8baptbrcr4rg0txz 163536 163535 2022-08-03T22:43:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] t92cvnoochax3q3amcwrkk3kzwehtov 163537 163536 2022-08-03T22:45:02Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] bjmqsgug7vboh2dwueylbvirqtwpfhq 163538 163537 2022-08-03T22:45:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] conhlaajwr4qdgcuo2h2grx4vy6eapk 163539 163538 2022-08-03T22:46:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 783d7ejnas8gzjel8s5ngg9t9pmk8gd 163540 163539 2022-08-03T22:48:29Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] m4k8v0ma051uz8mqcblatyj19g0zwpb 163541 163540 2022-08-03T22:49:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin sauran yankunan. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] j7ocx24uzbi0wmsgb3plepzruj4z8du 163542 163541 2022-08-03T22:50:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar. [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] s6r65hwlo2jqli44w4n6rzj08a1c8as 163543 163542 2022-08-03T22:50:46Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] onvui9pz6lfdxm06663p1j2nhuxk5v9 163544 163543 2022-08-03T22:51:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] b8e2hp7myd9bqf8ven1t1ehoq5sym9e 163545 163544 2022-08-03T22:52:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Ibibio]], [[Annang] da [[Oron]]. == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] fvl7d21wimt4wks0ina6welgksqk88j 163546 163545 2022-08-03T22:54:09Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]] da [[Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 055lncshjc3r6hm7omv9leojiici0nb 163547 163546 2022-08-03T22:54:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Annang]] da [[Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] i1yenrzxi9ta7on8zqjx2dhypvq9kes 163548 163547 2022-08-03T22:55:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] nw1td8eu69gzmdxqfhp4ime8y6vf81f 163549 163548 2022-08-03T22:57:30Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene. == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] jpjkdihph41l8f0c3yirnr4bxo33cyj 163550 163549 2022-08-03T22:57:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 52shhq2v7m9c9lsiwpbzz6o3fv3c537 163551 163550 2022-08-03T22:59:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] rxbg1glqo51b6agoe1fjsjtr1qbyy9o 163552 163551 2022-08-03T22:59:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom; *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] bxxvxamdg0ajqyly68jap4q9dbme5zq 163553 163552 2022-08-03T23:00:52Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] i7rki7ag4pkkshm4uk8qudxx7qpaa2w 163554 163553 2022-08-03T23:01:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 2banluuuzpc0y1hxvuruains1mbwsxz 163555 163554 2022-08-03T23:02:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Mutane */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Yaruka === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] p7duowd2v4jsxbpr3pm6ptugr6u6l4b 163556 163555 2022-08-03T23:02:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Yaruka */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addinai === ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] auwicqqalnzsogkmfu0w9ylxey66994 163557 163556 2022-08-03T23:03:17Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 80vw1fx5ejaphg17pytxqlqka78xjca 163558 163557 2022-08-03T23:03:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addini */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] eoj4gon5q6wfwylmhx9j2pmrpjnq76q 163559 163558 2022-08-03T23:05:02Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] nk453p4y637iow3z0m0t1rdb5uwd2us 163560 163559 2022-08-03T23:08:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] opwacsz5zbtu21mqmzkghqeig2xtox4 163561 163560 2022-08-03T23:09:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 3tykv76xqbbuqvqfxc42q0bfmrlxd3f 163562 163561 2022-08-03T23:09:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu. {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Anaang language|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Obolo language|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Eket language|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Eket language|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Ibibio language|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Ibuoro language|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Idere language|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Efik language|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Ebughu language|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Efai language|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Enwan language|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Oro_language|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Okobo language|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Ilue language|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] pdxxoxuwyzgfpt9j8ohvypt8dnmrb2w 163563 163562 2022-08-03T23:10:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Anaang language|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Obolo language|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Eket language|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Eket language|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Ibibio language|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Ibuoro language|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Idere language|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Efik language|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Ebughu language|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Efai language|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Enwan language|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Oro_language|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Okobo language|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Ilue language|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 8pfzjhvki7xw2jplqlir1q523goqnwu 163570 163563 2022-08-03T23:50:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Eket language|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Efik language|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Ebughu language|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Efai language|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Enwan language|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Oro_language|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Okobo language|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Ilue language|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] isycs9xgycpn2o0kdjdskys1ehiaetz 163576 163570 2022-08-04T00:04:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] oskkqe9450ab3v1omcdjpa1eo8lrah6 163578 163576 2022-08-04T00:04:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 4ogblokylmc6fh27wcnpwgl5em06ox8 163579 163578 2022-08-04T00:05:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] mrgwuhm0arbn3qoigu66s60ldvmlbb2 163580 163579 2022-08-04T00:07:07Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] f5i37ff4zugxlc4dc2ngdzxhlcx11d9 163581 163580 2022-08-04T00:08:22Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] ram0qljtf8slg52cu95s9g87axlwjax 163582 163581 2022-08-04T00:08:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] a4mkzkp86p3dkakqc8urzyllrbxbwbb 163583 163582 2022-08-04T00:09:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 1j5ey6hoz3tn8ldpg750solkwnhufol 163584 163583 2022-08-04T00:11:01Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene. Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da: *Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua *Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA) *Federal Polytechnic, Ukana *Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26] *Heritage Polytechnic, Eket *Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron *Obong University, Obong Ntak *Ritman University *University of Uyo, Uyo ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 2m47db2ycjxpnrglfe2enfnt2l0ylkh 163586 163584 2022-08-04T00:11:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene. Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da: *Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua *Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA) *Federal Polytechnic, Ukana *Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26] *Heritage Polytechnic, Eket *Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron *Obong University, Obong Ntak *Ritman University *University of Uyo, Uyo *School of Basic Studies, Abak[27] *School of Nursing, Uyo, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan[28] *Sure Polytechnic, Ukanafun[29] *Topfaith University, Mkpatak[30] *Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo[31] *Uyo City Polytechnic Nduetong Oku[32] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] f8782af9yixmae1hcg0befd553367wj 163587 163586 2022-08-04T00:12:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene. Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da: *Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua *Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA) *Federal Polytechnic, Ukana *Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26] *Heritage Polytechnic, Eket *Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron *Obong University, Obong Ntak *Ritman University *University of Uyo, Uyo *School of Basic Studies, Abak[27] *School of Nursing, Uyo, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan[28] *Sure Polytechnic, Ukanafun[29] *Topfaith University, Mkpatak[30] *Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo[31] *Uyo City Polytechnic Nduetong Oku[32] == Sanannun mutane == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] slhj0250e3zpqhnhlmtfg9vf35mymhw 163588 163587 2022-08-04T00:12:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Sanannun mutane */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene. Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da: *Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua *Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA) *Federal Polytechnic, Ukana *Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26] *Heritage Polytechnic, Eket *Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron *Obong University, Obong Ntak *Ritman University *University of Uyo, Uyo *School of Basic Studies, Abak[27] *School of Nursing, Uyo, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan[28] *Sure Polytechnic, Ukanafun[29] *Topfaith University, Mkpatak[30] *Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo[31] *Uyo City Polytechnic Nduetong Oku[32] == Sanannun mutane == Sanannun mutane a yankin sun hada da: ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] ptpkxftkzij35wij9438cy7fkhlmvcn 163589 163588 2022-08-04T00:12:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Sanannun mutane */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene. Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da: *Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua *Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA) *Federal Polytechnic, Ukana *Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26] *Heritage Polytechnic, Eket *Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron *Obong University, Obong Ntak *Ritman University *University of Uyo, Uyo *School of Basic Studies, Abak[27] *School of Nursing, Uyo, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan[28] *Sure Polytechnic, Ukanafun[29] *Topfaith University, Mkpatak[30] *Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo[31] *Uyo City Polytechnic Nduetong Oku[32] == Sanannun mutane == Sanannun mutane a yankin sun hada da: * Obong [[Victor Attah]], former governor of Akwa Ibom State * Senator [[Godswill Akpabio]], former governor of Akwa Ibom State, former Senate Minority Leader * [[Effiong Dickson Bob]] * [[Ini Edo]], Nollywood Actress * Obong [[Ufot Ekaette]], secretary to the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 under President Olusegun Obasanjo * [[Dominic Ekandem]] first cardinal in English-speaking West Africa. First Nigerian Cardinal to qualify as a candidate to the papacy. * Senator (Engr.) [[Chris Ekpenyong]] Former deputy governor of Akwa Ibom State in the [[Victor Attah]] administration and current Nigerian Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly. * Engr. [[Patrick Ekpotu]], former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State * [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]], Governor of Akwa Ibom State from May 2015 to date * Senator [[Ita Enang]], Senior Special Assistant (Niger-Delta) to President [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Vincent Enyeama]], professional footballer (Goalie) and former Super Eagle captain * [[Mark Essien]], entrepreneur and founder of [[Hotels.ng]] * Chief [[Donald Etiebet]], former Minister of Petroleum * [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]], Nollywood actress * [[Eve Esin]], Nollywood actress * [[Etim Inyang]], former Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force (I.G.P) 1985 to 1986 * Obong [[Akpan Isemin]], elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third Republic^{[''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]'']} * [[Clement Isong]], second governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria; first civilian governor of the former [[Cross River State]] * [[Emem Isong]], multi-award winning filmmaker and CEO of Royal Arts Academy * Rt. Hon. [[Onofiok Luke]], the 11th Speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and the Pioneer Speaker of the Nigeria Youth Parliament * Group Capt. [[Idongesit Nkanga]], former military governor of Akwa Ibom State * [[Samuel Peter]], world heavyweight boxing champion * [[Egbert Udo Udoma]], from Ikot Abasi, former chief justice of Uganda * [[Ime Bishop Umoh]], Nollywood actor * Professor [[Okon Uya]] was briefly chairman of the National Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON), appointed by President [[Ibrahim Babangida]] after the presidential elections of 12 June 1993 had been annulled and his predecessor [[Humphrey Nwosu]] dismissed. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] d0rks6gt779u5pvsxbw3p662dcnjkw4 163590 163589 2022-08-04T00:13:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Sanannun mutane */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene. Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da: *Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua *Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA) *Federal Polytechnic, Ukana *Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26] *Heritage Polytechnic, Eket *Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron *Obong University, Obong Ntak *Ritman University *University of Uyo, Uyo *School of Basic Studies, Abak[27] *School of Nursing, Uyo, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan[28] *Sure Polytechnic, Ukanafun[29] *Topfaith University, Mkpatak[30] *Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo[31] *Uyo City Polytechnic Nduetong Oku[32] == Sanannun mutane == Sanannun mutane a yankin sun hada da: * Obong [[Victor Attah]], former governor of Akwa Ibom State * Senator [[Godswill Akpabio]], former governor of Akwa Ibom State, former Senate Minority Leader * [[Effiong Dickson Bob]] * [[Ini Edo]], Nollywood Actress * Obong [[Ufot Ekaette]], secretary to the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 under President Olusegun Obasanjo * [[Dominic Ekandem]] first cardinal in English-speaking West Africa. First Nigerian Cardinal to qualify as a candidate to the papacy. * Senator (Engr.) [[Chris Ekpenyong]] Former deputy governor of Akwa Ibom State in the [[Victor Attah]] administration and current Nigerian Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly. * Engr. [[Patrick Ekpotu]], former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State * [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]], Governor of Akwa Ibom State from May 2015 to date * Senator [[Ita Enang]], Senior Special Assistant (Niger-Delta) to President [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Vincent Enyeama]], professional footballer (Goalie) and former Super Eagle captain * [[Mark Essien]], entrepreneur and founder of [[Hotels.ng]] * Chief [[Donald Etiebet]], former Minister of Petroleum * [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]], Nollywood actress * [[Eve Esin]], Nollywood actress * [[Etim Inyang]], former Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force (I.G.P) 1985 to 1986 * Obong [[Akpan Isemin]], elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third Republic^{[''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]'']} * [[Clement Isong]], second governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria; first civilian governor of the former [[Cross River State]] * [[Emem Isong]], multi-award winning filmmaker and CEO of Royal Arts Academy * Rt. Hon. [[Onofiok Luke]], the 11th Speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and the Pioneer Speaker of the Nigeria Youth Parliament * Group Capt. [[Idongesit Nkanga]], former military governor of Akwa Ibom State * [[Samuel Peter]], world heavyweight boxing champion * [[Egbert Udo Udoma]], from Ikot Abasi, former chief justice of Uganda * [[Ime Bishop Umoh]], Nollywood actor * Professor [[Okon Uya]] was briefly chairman of the National Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON), appointed by President [[Ibrahim Babangida]] after the presidential elections of 12 June 1993 had been annulled and his predecessor [[Humphrey Nwosu]] dismissed. == Duba Kuma == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 0e2o2c1x3o4w3v90g4g7f5n0zym1rzl 163591 163590 2022-08-04T00:13:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Duba Kuma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right" |align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jihar Akwa Ibom'''</font><br><font size="1">[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Sunan barkwancin jiha]]: Ƙasar alkawuran.</font> |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Wuri |- !align="center" colspan="3"|[[Image:Nigeria_Akwa_Ibom_State_map.png|200px|Wurin Jihar Akwa Ibom cikin Nijeriya.]] |- !align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Ƙidaya |- |Harsuna|| [[Turanci]], [[Ibibio]], [[Annang]], [[Eket]] and [[Oron]] |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Nijeriya|Gwamna]]''' |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ([[People's Democratic Party|PDP]]) |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|An kirkiro ta]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[1987]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Baban birnin jiha]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|[[Uyo]] |- !align="left" valign="top"|[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Iyaka]] |colspan="2" valign="top"|7,081km² |- |align="left" valign="top"|'''[[Jerin jihohin Nijeriya|Mutunci]]''' <br /> 2016 (ƙidayar yawan jama'a) |align="left" valign="top"| <br /> 5,450,758 |- !align="left" valign="top"|'''ISO 3166-2''' |colspan="2" valign="top"| NG-AK |} [[File:Nigerian number plate Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Lambar motar akwa ibom]] [[File:Nwaniba Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Shataletale mai ruwa a akwa ibom]] '''Akwa Ibom''' jiha ce a kudu masa kudancin Najeriya. Ta hada iyaka da jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, daga yamma da [[Jihar Rivers]] da [[Abiya]], Sannan daga kudu da [[Tekun Atalanta]]. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga rafin [[Qua Iboe River]] wanda ya raba jihar biyu kafin ya fada cikin kududdufin Bonny.<ref>Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (5 October 2021). "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</ref> An cire Jihar Akwa Ibom ne daga Jihar Cross River a shekarar alif 1987, tare da babban birninta a [[Uyo]] da kananan hukumomi 31. Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Akwa Ibom itace ta 30 a girma kuma ta biyar a yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 5.5 million a bisa kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin Central African mangroves daga gabar ruwa ta kudu, da kuma dazukan [[Cross–Niger transition forests]] a sauran yankunan jihar. Wasu daga cikin muhimman yanayin kasar sun hada da rafukan [[Imo]] da [[Cross River]] wanda suke kwarara ta gabashin da yammacin iyakar Akwa Ibom, a yayain da rafin [[Kwa Ibo River]] ya raba jihar biyu kuma ya fada rafin Bayelsa wato Bonny. yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 7,081 da yawan jama’a milyan biyar da dubu dari huɗu da hamsin da dari bakwai da hamsin da takwas (ƙidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2016). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Uyo]]. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Moses Ekpo]]. Dattiban jihar su ne: [[Bassey Akpan]], [[Godswill Akpabio]] da [[Nelson Effiong]]. Daga can saqon kudancin jihar, akwai ganduna daji da ake kira ''Stubb Creek Forest Reserve'', inda akwai dabbodi masu karewa kamar kadoji, birai da 'yan kwaroran damusu na Nahiyyar Afurka da kuma birai nau'in Najeriya da Afurka.<ref>Inemesit, Akpan-Nsoh (14 May 2018). "'Akwa Ibom primates on brink of extinction'". ''[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Eniang, Edem A.; Akani, Godfrey C.; Amadi, Nioking; Dendi, Daniele; Amori, Giovanni; Luiselli, Luca (15 Jul 2016). "Recent distribution data and conservation status of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Niger Delta (Nigeria)". ''Tropical Zoology''. '''29''' (4): 173–183. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/03946975.2016.1214461. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 89244146. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Baker, Lynne R. (27 April 2012). "Report on a Survey of Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, June 20 – July 5, 2003". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]]''. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ogar, Dave A.; Asuk, Sijeh A.; Umanah, I.E. (2016). "Forest Cover Change in Stubb's Creek Forest Reserve Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". Applied Tropical Agriculture. 21 (1): 183–189. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</ref> A fannin ruwa kuwa, akwai nau'ikan rayukan ruwa iri-iri kamar kifaye da ire-irensu da dama, da kuma jinsunan namun ruwa na ''cetacean species'' kamarsu dabbobin dolphins da whale. Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yau ta hada harsuna daban-daban tun shekaru daruruwa da suka shude, wadanda suke da alaka da mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Anaang]], da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] na arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da kuma kudancin Jihar. A lokacin mulkin turawa, inda ake kira da Akwa Ibom ta kasu zuwa birane kaman [[Masarutar Ibom]] da Akwa Akpa kafin ta zamo yankin mallakar turawa a 1884 karkashin yankin [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate|Yankin Oil Rivers Protectorate]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar|"Calabar"]] . ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</ref> Turawa sun mamaye yankin a farkon karni na 1900, kafin su hade yankin (da ake kira a yau [[Yankin Niger Coast Protectorate]]) acikin Yankin [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] inda daga bisani ta zamo Yankin Najeriya ta Burtaniya; bayan hade su, mafi akasarin yankin Akwa Ibom ta yau ta fada cikin yankin tawaye ga mulkin mallakar turai wanda ya jawo ballewar Rikicin Mata ta hanyar Kungiyar Gwagwarmaya ta Ibibiyo.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom". ''[[Government of Akwa Ibom State]]''. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960, yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom na yanzu ta fada cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]], har zuwa shekarar alif 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin ta zamo [[Cross River|Jihar Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya]]. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan hakan, yankin Inyamurai na tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] tayi yinkurin ballewa don kafa [[Biyafara|Jamhoriyar Biyafara]]; wanda hakan ya jawo [[Yakin basasar Najeriya]] na tsawon shekaru uku. Anyi gumurzu sosai a yankin Akwa Ibom na yanzu wajen mamaye yankin Fatakwal, a yayin da 'yan Biyafara suka rinka cutar da mutanen Akwa Ibom wadanda ba Inyamurai ba.<ref>Omaka, Arua Oko (17 February 2014). "The Forgotten Victims: Ethnic Minorities in the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970". ''Journal of Retracing Africa''. '''1'''(1): 25–40. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Bayan yaki ta kare kuma an sake hade kasar cikin Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Kudu maso Gabas har zuwa alif 1976 lokacin da aka canza mata suna zuwa Jihar [[Cross River]]. Shekaru goma sha daya bayan haka, an raba Jihar Cross River daga yammacin ta don samar da sabuwar Jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki kuwa, Jihar Akwa Ibom ta ta'allaka ne akan man-fetur da gas, a matsayin jihar da tafi kowacce jiha samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref>"Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021. </ref> Wani muhimmin fanni shine noma don Jihar na da albarkatun kayan noma kamar cocoyam, doya da plantain, dangane da kamun kifi da kiwon dodon kodi. Duk da albarkacin man fetur da Jihar ke dashi, Akwa Ibom ta kasance ta 17 a jadawalin jerin cigaban dan Adam a sanadiyyar shekaru da dama na cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"The Gang of 43 breaks cover". ''[[Africa Confidential]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Everyone's in on the Game". ''[[Human Rights Watch]]''. 17 August 2010. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Mulkin soja a karkashin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida]] ne ta kirkiri yankin Jihar Akwa Ibom daga Jihar Cross River a ranar 23 ga watan Satumban, 1987.<ref>"Brief History of Akwa Ibom State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2018-07-25.</ref> Yankin da ake kira Jihar Akwa Ibom kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka a 1904 ta kasance bata da wani tsarin mulkin a lokacin. Hasali ma harsunan [[Annang]], [[Oron people|Oron]], [[Efik people|Efik]], Ibonos da [[Ibibio people|Ibibio]] sun kasance kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a wancan lokacin.<ref>"National Trade & International Business Center". ''ntibc.ng''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Duk da cewa mishanari da dama na kasar Scotland sun sauka a yankin Calabar a shekarar 1848, da kuma Ibono a 1887, Turawa basu kafa mulkinsu da kyau ba a yankin sai a shekarar alif 1904. A lokacin ne aka kafa Yankin Enyong wacce ta hada har da yankin Akwa Ibom, tare da helikwata a [[Ikot Ekpene]], wata birnin Annang, wacce aka rubutu a Nazarin Afurka na Kaanan Nair, matsayin babban birnin siyasa da al'adu na mutanen Annang da Ibibio. Kirkirar Yankin Enyong ya janyo zuwan yaruka daban-daban a karo na farko a yankin. Hakan ya janyo sanadiyyar kafa Kungiyar Jindadin Ibibiyo (Ibibio Welfare Union) wacce daga baya ta koma Kungiyar Jihar Ibibiyo (Ibibio State Union). An kafa wannan kungiya da zamantakewa a masayin majalisar cigaba na gargajiya ga mutane masu ilimi da kuma kungoyoyi da aka ware tun lokacin mulkin mallakan turawa a 1926. Duk da haka, masu tarihi basu ayyano yadda kungiyar ta janyo hadin kai a. tsakanin mutanen kungiyar ba.<ref>"Overview of Akwa Ibom – Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group". Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> Kungoyar "Obolo Union" wacce ta hada da mutanen Ibono da [[Obolo people|Andoni]], ya kasance kungiyar hulda da zamantakewa mai karfi wacce tayi kaurin suna a yankin. Mutane Ibono sunyi yake-yake da dama don kare mutuncinsu da kuma yankinsu fiye da kowacce kungiya. A lokacin da aka kafa Jihar Akwai Ibom a 1987, an zabi [[Uyo]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar don isar da cigaba ga daukakin yankunan jihar.<ref>"About Akwa Ibom | Akwa Ibom State Government". 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> [[File:First Qua Iboe Church building, Rear view, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom.jpg|thumb|Daya daga cikin coci na farko a akwa ibom]] [[File:Akwa Ibom state contingent 4.jpg|thumb|Al'adun a akwa ibom]] == Gwamnati == Kabilu guda uku suka mamaye harkokin siyasa a Jihar Akwa Ibom: [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]], [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] da [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]]. Daga cikin wadannan harsuna uku, yaren Ibibiyo ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankin kuma ta rike muhimman mukamai tun lokacin da aka kirkira yankin. Tun shekaru takwai da suka shude, tsakanin Mayu 29, 2007 zuwa Mayu 28, 2015, Anaang ke rike da madakun iko tunda gwamna na lokacin ya fito ne daga yankin mazabar Ikot Ekpene.<ref>"Ibibio | Encyclopedia.com". ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> === Ma'aikatu, Sassa da Wuraren Gwamnati === A kasa an lissafo jerin ma'akatu na Jihar Akwa Ibom;<ref>"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2017-01-27.</ref> *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Justice]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agricultural Resources|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sufficiency]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Account and Finance]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Works]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Environment *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport and Petroleum|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Transport & Petroleum Resources]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Lands, Town Planning & Survey *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information and Strategy|Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Information & Strategy]] *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health]] *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Science & Technology *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Women Development and Social Development *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Youth & Sports *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Administration & Supplies *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Economic Development Labour and Manpower Planning *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Investment, Commerce and Industries *[[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Culture and Tourism]] *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Political/Legislative Affairs and Water Resources *Akwa Ibom State Bureau of Rural Development & Cooperatives *Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Power and Petroleum Resources == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Akwa Ibom nada [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] (31). Sune: * [[Abak]] * [[Gabashin Obolo]] * [[Eket]] * [[Esit-Eket]] * [[Essien Udim]] * [[Etim-Ekpo]] * [[Etinan]] * [[Ibeno]] * [[Ibesikpo-Asutan]] * [[Ibiono-Ibom]] * [[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] * [[Ikono]] * [[Ikot Abasi]] * [[Ikot Ekpene]] * [[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] * [[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] * [[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] * [[Mkpat-Enin]] * [[Nsit-Atai]] * [[Nsit-Ibom]] * [[Nsit-Ubium]] * [[Obot-Akara]] * [[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] * [[Onna]] * [[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] * [[Oruk Anam]] * [[Ukanafun]] * [[Udung-Uko]] * [[Uruan]] * [[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] * [[Uyo]] == Mutane == === Kabilu === Muhimman kabilun yakin sune Ibibio, Anaang, Oron, Ekid, da Obolo. === Addini === Mafi akasarin mutanen Akwa Ibom kiristoci ne. === Harsuna === Kamar dai mutanen [[Efik]] makwabtan Akwa Ibom wato Cross River, mutaanen Akwa Ibom na amfani da harsuna da dama na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] wanda suka samo asali daga dangin yarukan [[Benue–Congo]] wanda suka hadu suka samar da yarukan Niger–Congo. Tebur na kasa ya zayyano jerin yarukan Jihar Akwa Ibom da kananan hukumomin da aka fi amfani dasu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 2020-01-10.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Language !! LGA(s) spoken in |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || Abak, Essien Udim, Ika, Ikot Ekpene, Oruk-Anam, Ukanafun,Etim ekpo, |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]] || Eket, Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Eket|Etebi]] || Esit Eket |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || Etinan, Ibiono Ibom, Ikono, Ikot Abasi, Itu, Mkpat Enin, Nsit Atai, Nsit-Ubium, Onna, Uruan, Uyo, Ini. |- | Ibuno || Ibeno |- | Ika Oku || Ika |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Nkari]] || Ini |- | Itu Mbon Uso || Ini |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || Itu |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || Itu, Uruan |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || Mbo, Oron |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || Mbo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || Mbo, Oron, Udung Uko, Urue-Offrong-Oruko |- | Iko || Eastern Obolo |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || Okobo |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || Oron |- | Khana || Oruk-Anam |- |} == Ilimi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Akwa Ibom ke da alhakin kula da harkokin Ilima a Jihar. Sashin Akwa Ibom na yankin tsohuwar Calabar itace yanki na farko da aka fara karatun boko a Najeriya, tare da kafa makarantar [[Hope Waddell Training Institute]] a Calabar a cikin shekara ta 1895, da kuma makarantar Methodist Boys' High School, Oron a 1905, da sauran makarantu kamar Holy Family College a Abak da Regina Coeli College a Essene. Wasu manyan makarantun yankin sun hada da: *Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Osurua *Akwa Ibom State University (Oruk Anam LGA and Mkpat Enin LGA) *Federal Polytechnic, Ukana *Foundation College of Technology Ikot Ekpene[26] *Heritage Polytechnic, Eket *Maritime Academy of Nigeria, Oron *Obong University, Obong Ntak *Ritman University *University of Uyo, Uyo *School of Basic Studies, Abak[27] *School of Nursing, Uyo, Eket, Oron, Ikot Ekpene, Etinan[28] *Sure Polytechnic, Ukanafun[29] *Topfaith University, Mkpatak[30] *Trinity Polytechnic, Uyo[31] *Uyo City Polytechnic Nduetong Oku[32] == Sanannun mutane == Sanannun mutane a yankin sun hada da: * Obong [[Victor Attah]], former governor of Akwa Ibom State * Senator [[Godswill Akpabio]], former governor of Akwa Ibom State, former Senate Minority Leader * [[Effiong Dickson Bob]] * [[Ini Edo]], Nollywood Actress * Obong [[Ufot Ekaette]], secretary to the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007 under President Olusegun Obasanjo * [[Dominic Ekandem]] first cardinal in English-speaking West Africa. First Nigerian Cardinal to qualify as a candidate to the papacy. * Senator (Engr.) [[Chris Ekpenyong]] Former deputy governor of Akwa Ibom State in the [[Victor Attah]] administration and current Nigerian Senator representing Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District in the 9th Assembly. * Engr. [[Patrick Ekpotu]], former Deputy Governor of Akwa Ibom State * [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]], Governor of Akwa Ibom State from May 2015 to date * Senator [[Ita Enang]], Senior Special Assistant (Niger-Delta) to President [[Muhammadu Buhari]] * [[Vincent Enyeama]], professional footballer (Goalie) and former Super Eagle captain * [[Mark Essien]], entrepreneur and founder of [[Hotels.ng]] * Chief [[Donald Etiebet]], former Minister of Petroleum * [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]], Nollywood actress * [[Eve Esin]], Nollywood actress * [[Etim Inyang]], former Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force (I.G.P) 1985 to 1986 * Obong [[Akpan Isemin]], elected governor of Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria from January 1992 to November 1993 during the Nigerian Third Republic^{[''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]'']} * [[Clement Isong]], second governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria; first civilian governor of the former [[Cross River State]] * [[Emem Isong]], multi-award winning filmmaker and CEO of Royal Arts Academy * Rt. Hon. [[Onofiok Luke]], the 11th Speaker of the Akwa Ibom State House of Assembly and the Pioneer Speaker of the Nigeria Youth Parliament * Group Capt. [[Idongesit Nkanga]], former military governor of Akwa Ibom State * [[Samuel Peter]], world heavyweight boxing champion * [[Egbert Udo Udoma]], from Ikot Abasi, former chief justice of Uganda * [[Ime Bishop Umoh]], Nollywood actor * Professor [[Okon Uya]] was briefly chairman of the National Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON), appointed by President [[Ibrahim Babangida]] after the presidential elections of 12 June 1993 had been annulled and his predecessor [[Humphrey Nwosu]] dismissed. == Duba Kuma == * [[Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education]] * [[List Of Government Ministries Of Akwa Ibom State]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akwa Ibom}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] m8srm87up49g94rohm6o6nmewonznil 0 12366 163566 162530 2022-08-03T23:22:31Z 102.91.5.109 /* Kundin Wakoki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nura Musa Inuwa,''' ana kiran shi da ''Nura'' ko ''M inuwa,'' an haife shi ne a shekarata 1989, a cikin garin [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], a cikin garin ''Gwammaja'' a karamar hukumar [[Dala]].<ref>https://www.arewarmu.com.ng/2017/04/tarihin-mawaki-nura-m-inuwa.html</ref><ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/amp/1101084-dandalin-kannywood-shahararren-mawaki-nura-m-inuwa-zai-angwance.html&ved=2ahUKEwj7h9D3kcbmAhUCyxoKHfDWDoAQFjAMegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw0BbJrtsWq7_JXNBurrsPNA&ampcf=1</ref> ya kasance mawakin hausa, mai rubuta wake, kuma furodusan fim a masana'antar [[Kannywood]]. Nura m inuwa Mawakine mai hikima gamida azanci ==Wakoki== Aisha humaira,Rai-dai, Badi ba rai, Soyayyar facebook, Sayyada, Mijin biza, Abinda yake Ruhi, Alkuki, Yan kudu, Zurfin ciki, Soyayyace, Faggen soyayya, inka iya zance, Ga wuri ga waina, Ummi, Babban gida, Dan gwamna, Manyan mata, Hubbi, Matan zamani, Dan baiwa, Basaja, Zurfin ciki, Abbana, Alkawari, Dawo dawo, Wata ruga, Yar fulani, Salma, Mai gadan zinari, Labarina, Yan arewa, Duniyar masoya, Mailaya, In ka'iya zance, Daren Alkhairi Soyyayya Ruwan zuma, Uwar Amarya Nabiyo Haske Matan Gida.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/amp/labarai-46693772&ved=2ahUKEwj7h9D3kcbmAhUCyxoKHfDWDoAQFjAKegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw3iEVIXZHda-89PFwZ1Rsvr&ampcf=1</ref> ==Kambu da Lamban Girma== ==Kundin Wakoki== **Rigar aro **Wasika **Dan magori **Makashinka **Afra **Siyan baki **Matan gida **Soyayya **Ranar aurena **Maurata. **Mai sauraro **Ni daku **Lokaci == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Hausa]] [[Category:Hausawa]] pb4lp3gs72zrc19yfmp3tgm7p8lmiwu 0 14524 163652 64829 2022-08-04T11:10:46Z BnHamid 12586 gyara wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akua Sena Dansua''' (an haife ta ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1958) gogaggiyar `yar jaridar Ghana ce, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin sadarwa da siyasa da gudanar da mulki. Kuma Ta kasance 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Arewa Dayi a kasar Ghana kuma tsohuwar Jakadiya a Jamus. == Rayuwar farko da Ilimi == An haife ta a Hohoe a cikin gundumar Hohoe Municipal na Yankin Volta. Iyalinta sun fito ne daga Botoku, kuma a cikin Yankin Volta. Ta fara karatun firamare a Kadjebi-Akan Local Authority Experimental Primary da Middle School. Daga nan ta ci gaba da karatun sakandare a makarantar Mawuli da ke Ho, babban birnin yankin Volta. Ta horar da ita a matsayin yar jarida a [[:en:Ghana_Institute_of_Journalism|Ghana Institute of Journalism]] a cikin Accra. Dansua ya kasance dalibin da ya kammala karatun digirin farko na karatun Sadarwa a University of Ghana da ke Legon, ya kammala a 1990. Ta kuma samu digiri na biyu a kan shugabanci da shugabanci daga [[:en:Ghana_Institute_of_Management_and_Public_Administration|Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration]]. == Aiki == Akua Dansua ta kasance Mataimakin Mai Zaɓe a Hukumar Zabe ta Ghana tsakanin 1979 da 1980. Daga 1983 zuwa 1987 ta kasance Babban Mai bayar da rahoto na jaridar Nigerian Reporter. Ta yi aiki tare da jaridar Weekly Spectator a Accra, Ghana, a matsayinta na' yar jarida, daga ƙarshe ta zama Editan Siffofin takarda. Ta rike wannan mukamin har sai da ta koma siyasa. Ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara kan fasaha ga ''National Council on Women and Development'' a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin yada labarai zuwa ga [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP). Ita ce Shugaban ''Advocates for Gender and Development Initiatives-Ghana,'' wanda ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Kpando kuma memba na kwamitin don ''Africa in Democracy and Good Governance (ADG)'' a cikin Gambiya. == Siyasa == Dansua memba ce ta [[:en:National_Democratic_Congress_(Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]]. An nada ta Hakimin Gundumar Kpando a karkashin [[:en:Provisional_National_Defence_Council|Provisional National Defence Council]] gwamnatin Jerry Rawlings. Ta fara shiga majalisar ne a shekarar 2001 a matsayin ‘yar majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Arewa Dayi. Ta rabu kuma tana da yara uku. Ta fara zama karamar minista a shekarar 2009 lokacin da aka nada ta ministar harkokin mata da yara. Ta zama mace ta farko da ke Ministar Matasa da Wasanni bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministocin a watan Janairun 2010 da Ministan yawon bude ido a ranar 4 ga Janairun 2011. A watan Janairun 2011, an nada ta Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, inda ta maye gurbin Zita Okaikoi. Ta kasance Jakadiyar Ghana a Jamus har zuwa Janairu 2017. Ta kuma kasance Jakadiyar Ghana a Latvia. === Zaben 2000 === An zabi Dansua a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Dayi ta Arewa a babban zaben kasar ta Ghana na shekarar 2000. Ta ci zabe a kan tikitin [[:en:National_Democratic_Congress_(Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]]. Mazabar ta ta na daga cikin kujerun majalisar dokoki 17 cikin kujeru 19 da ta lashe [[:en:National_Democratic_Congress_(Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] a wancan zaben ga Yankin Volta. [[:en:National_Democratic_Congress_(Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] ya lashe mafi karancin rinjaye na kujerun majalisar dokoki 92 cikin kujeru 200 a majalisar dokoki ta 3 ta jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana. An zabe ta ne da kuri’u 23,962 daga cikin kuri’u 32,785 da aka kada. Wannan yayi daidai da kashi 73.8% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. An zabe ta akan Thomas A.K.M. Ntumy na [[:en:Convention_People's_Party|Convention People's Party]], Seth A. Akwensivie na [[:en:New_Patriotic_Party|New Patriotic Party]], Adolf Agbodza na [[:en:United_Ghana_Movement|United Ghana Movement]] da Augustine Yawo Adjei na National Reformed Party. Wadannan sun samu kuri'u 6,175, 1,161, 805 da 352 daga cikin kuri'un da aka kada. Waɗannan sun yi daidai da 19%, 3.6%, 2.5 da 1.1% daidai da jimillar ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. == Rayuwar mutum == An sake ta tare da yara 3. Ita Krista ce kuma tana yin ibada a matsayinta na mai koyar da darikar Ikklesiyoyin bishara. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dansua, Akua Sena}} 637xad52rb65dso5cb1bdidtxm3tboe 0 15280 163436 160651 2022-08-03T12:10:20Z Sufie Alyaryasie 13902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hajiya '''Mariya Aminu Tambuwal''' ita ce matar Gwamnan jihar Sakkwato, Gwamnan Rtd Aminu Waziri Tambuwal. Kodayake yana da matan aure 2 kuma wataƙila kuna iya kuskuren matan biyu saboda kamanceceniya da sunan. Yayin da matar farko ta haifi Mariya, matar ta biyu da ya aura a shekarar da ta gabata ta haifi Mairo. Hajiya Mariya ita ce mai ƙaddamar da Mariya Tambuwal Development Initiative, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke kula da ci gaban mata da matasa.<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/02/21/between-mariya-tambuwal-and-maryam-mairo-tambuwal/</ref> ==Asalinta== Hajiya Mariya Tambuwal kanwa ce ga Sanata Abdallah Wali, Ambasadan Najeriya a can-yanzu a Morocco, wacce kuma ita ce `yar takarar jam’iyyar adawa ta People’s Democratic Party (PDP) da mijinta a zaben fidda gwani na gwamna. Ita ma `yar gidan sarauta ce daga Sakkwato. Ta fito ne daga Gundumar Sanyinna a karamar hukumar Tambuwal ta jihar Sakkwato kamar mijinta. Hajiya Mariya tayi aure da rtd Tambuwal sama da shekaru 2. An albarkaci aurensu da 'ya'ya mata 2 da' ya'ya 2 kuma 'yarsu ta fari Ayisat ta yi aure' yan makonnin da suka gabata kuma hakan yayi daidai, Ayisat ta auri irin wannan ranar 31 ga Disamba wanda ita ce ranar da mahaifanta ma suka yi aure shekaru 22 da suka gabata.<ref>https://dailytrust.com/amp/sokoto-mariya-wins-most-performing-first-lady-3</ref> ==Bayan fage== 'Yan kwanaki da suka gabata, Gwamna Aminu Tambuwal ya ba da agogo 51on 10 ga Janairu 10 kuma matarsa ​​ta farko ta faɗi komai game da yadda ta sadu da mijinta a kan kafofin sadarwar ta. Ta kuma dauki lokacinta don bayyana yadda mijinta ya ci gaba da daukaka matsayinsa na dan siyasa shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. "Kimanin shekaru 2 da rabi da suka wuce, na auri wani saurayi mai karancin shekaru da ya kammala karatun lauya daga garin makwabta na Tambuwal. Kamar ni kaina, Aminu ya kasance daga gidan sarauta, dangin Waziri na Tambuwal, ni kuma daga gidan sarautar Sanyinna. Lokacin da na fara haɗuwa da Aminu, na fahimci ban da kyawawan halayensa, cewa shi mai son mulki ne kuma ƙwararren lauya. Yadda yake nazarin lamura a lokacin, tun daga siyasa zuwa al'amuran al'umma, ya ba ni ishara game da Tafiyar nan gaba ta Aminu a siyasa. Bayan ɗan lokaci na kasancewa tare, mun yi aure a cikin wani abin farin ciki. Aminu da na aura a lokacin ba shi da arziki kuma ba a yi shi ba, kawai ya kasance mai kirki ne da son zuciya wanda nake fatan gina rayuwa tare da shi. Duk wanda ya san shi a lokacin, ya san Aminu a matsayin mutum mai mutunci, halin da yake da shi har zuwa yau. Tun daga lokacin da yake siyasa a jami'a har zuwa yau, Aminu ya kasance mai adalci a kowane wasa da ya buga. Shekaru biyar da aurenmu, tafiyar Aminu a Majalisar kasa ta fara a matsayin Mataimaki ga Shugaban [[Majalisar Dattawa]] na lokacin, Sanata Abdallah Wali. Aikin da yake yi a majalisar yasa ya kusanci abokan aikin sa, sanatoci da wasu mambobin majalisar wakilai. Aminu ya yi amfani da wannan damar wajen taimakawa mutanen mazabarsa, kuma a farkon 2002, mutane suka yi ta kiraye-kirayen ya fito ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar wakilai. Aminu ya amsa kiran kuma ya yanke shawarar tsayawa takarar dan majalisar wakilai a karkashin inuwar jam'iyyar PDP, sannan daga baya ya zama tare da ANPP, wanda a kansa ya ci zaben. Kamar yadda addini ya tanada, babban yaya na ya fito takarar Gwamna a karkashin inuwar jam'iyyar PDP, yayin da miji na ya fito takarar dan majalisar wakilai a karkashin jam'iyyar ANPP. Kamar yadda mai martaba Aminu yake, bai taba shiga wata harka da surukinsa ba, ko ya nemi in goyi baya ko kuma ya saba wa dan uwana. Hakanan ya faru shekaru 12 bayan haka, lokacin da suka fafata da juna a zaben gwamnan Sokoto a 2015. Ga kananan hukumomi 23 da Aminu ya ziyarta, bai taba ambaton sunan abokin hamayyarsa ba kuma ba wani kamfen da yake yadawa na rashin gaskiya a kansa. Barka da ranar haihuwar mijina masoyi. Sanin ki babbar ni'ima ce ga rayuwata. Samun abokin zama mai haƙuri da fahimta kamar yadda kake shine gatan da ba kasafai ake samu ba. Shekarun ku 51 da kuka rayu suna daga cikin gwaji, kalubale da nasarori. Allah ya yi amfani da kai a matsayin abin nuni ga wasu cewa hakika shi ne babba kuma mai aikata komai. Ya canza rayuwar mu daga ciyawa zuwa alheri, daga wani Malan Aminu Waziri wanda ba a sani ba zuwa Rt Hon Aminu Waziri, zuwa shugaban marasa rinjaye, zuwa mataimakin babban bulala, zuwa Shugaban Majalisar Jama'a, kuma yanzu dan jihar Sokoto mai lamba ta daya. A duk tsawon shekarun nan, ka kasance mai godiya ga Allah madaukakin sarki a bisa ni'imomin da ya yi maka, kuma ka kaskantar da kai ga duk wadanda addu'o'insu da goyon bayansu suka ba ka kuma ya sa ka zama mutumin da kake yau. Idan na duba kewaye da ku, na ga abokai da kuke ziyarta gidana tare da su lokacin da kuke neman aure na, na ga mataimakan da kuka fara tafiyar siyasa tare da su, ina ganin ranarku abokan siyasa ɗaya, ba tare da la'akari da ƙungiya ƙungiya. Saboda haka dalilin da yasa banyi mamaki ba lokacin da dangin PDP na Kasa suka yiwa auren ‘yar mu makon da ya gabata. Bikin Ummi ya kasance farin ciki biyu a gare mu, amma mutane kalilan sun san hakan. Ranar da diyarmu ta fari ta auri wanda take so yayi daidai da ranar da muka yi aure a 1994. Kamar yadda imani zai nuna, mun yi aure ne a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1994, kuma diyar mu ma ta yi aure a rana guda. Shekaru 22 bayan. Wannan manuniya ce cewa haɗin gwiwarmu ya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako mai fa'ida. Allah Ya ci gaba da sanya albarka a cikin auren na mu, kuma ya albarkaci na Ummi, sauran kuma za mu shaida in sha Allah. Yayin da kuke bikin ranar haihuwar ku a yau, ina yi muku fatan tsawon rai na shekaru masu amfani na yiwa bil'adama aiki. Ina maku fatan tsawon rai da koshin lafiya, karfi da kuma karfi. Ina yi muku fatan nasara a cikin duk abin da kuke yi, da kuma himma don sauya Mara canzawa zuwa alheri. Ina yi muku fatan nasara a kan aikinku na yanzu ga mutanen Sakkwato, da duk wani aiki da zai ci karo da ku daga baya. Ranka ya dade ina yi maka fatan alkairi a cikin jajircewar da ka yi na sanya Sakkwato ta kasance kyakkyawa, daidaito da adalci, sannan ka himmatu ka’in da na’in don inganta rayuwar ‘yan asalin ta zuwa ga jin kai, alheri, guzuri da aiki tukuru. Na gode da kasancewa a gare ni da yara na koyaushe. Na gode da kasancewa miji da uba mai kirki da kulawa. Na gode da sanya saiti ga matasa cewa siyasa ba ta da ƙazanta koyaushe, kuna iya yin wasa da adalci kuma ku ci nasara. Na gode da dokar ta baci kan Ilimi a Sakkwato, da fifikonku game da ilimin 'Ya-ya mata. Barka da ranar haihuwa Maigirma, Matawallen Daular Usmaniyya. Ina alfahari da ku. Mariya Matarka Mai Sonka, ta bayyana <ref>https://www.sunnewsonline.com/tag/hajiya-mariya-aminu-waziri-tambuwal/</ref> ===Manazarta=== eei3qbswth16kmdzz77ncv235mx5nyb 0 15618 163653 70127 2022-08-04T11:13:10Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akudo Sabi''' (an haife ta (1986-11-17 ) ta kasan ce mai buga [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon kafa ta]] Najeriya. Tana daya daga cikin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa ta Najeriya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2004. An zaɓe ta ne a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon-Kafa ta Mata ta FIFA U-19 ta Duniya a shekarar 2004. A matakin kulob din ta buga wasa a Bayelsa Queens . <ref>https://www.olympic.org/akudo-sabi</ref>ta buga wasa a gida da waje. == Duba kuma == * Najeriya a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2 == Manazarta == [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] nuhgwah9v19x6uiqp8xmh7f5650x2ut 163654 163653 2022-08-04T11:14:21Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akudo Sabi''' (an haife ta ranar 17 ga watan nuwanba, 1986). ta kasan ce mai buga [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon kafa ta]] Najeriya. Tana daya daga cikin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa ta Najeriya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekarar 2004. An zaɓe ta ne a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon-Kafa ta Mata ta FIFA U-19 ta Duniya a shekarar 2004. A matakin kulob din ta buga wasa a Bayelsa Queens . <ref>https://www.olympic.org/akudo-sabi</ref>ta buga wasa a gida da waje. == Duba kuma == * Najeriya a Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2 == Manazarta == [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] l8pq3xf0o4ddobxnbdcxa4t34z8w54b 0 17705 163432 132718 2022-08-03T12:03:01Z Sufie Alyaryasie 13902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hujja}} '''Salman Khan''' (lafazi) : [səlˈmaːn ˈxaːn] '''Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan,''' An haife shi 27 ga watan Disamba, 1965) jarumin [[Indiya]] ne, furodusa, mai gabatar da fim ta talabijin, kuma mai son taimakon jama'a. Khan yana aiki a fina-finan harshen [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da shirye-shiryen talabijin. An yanke wa Khan hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2015 daga fara T-Series, ya rutsa da mutane 5, ya kashe mutum daya da motarsa. A ranar 8 ga Mayu, na shekarar 2015, ba a ba da belin salman Khan ba. An haifi Salman Khan a garin [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], Indiya. Iyayensa tsofaffin mata ne na farko '''Sushila Charak''' (daga baya ta koma sunan Salma Khan) da kuma Salim Khan.<ref>>https://starsunfolded.com/salman-khan</ref> == Finafinai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Role(s) ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Notes |- |1988 |''[[:en:Biwi Ho To Aisi|Biwi Ho To Aisi]]'' |Vicky Bhandari |Debut film |- |1989 |''[[:en:Maine Pyar Kiya|Maine Pyar Kiya]]'' |Prem | |- |1990 |''[[:en:Baaghi: A Rebel for Love|Baaghi: A Rebel for Love]]'' |Saajan Sood | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Sanam Bewafa|Sanam Bewafa]]'' |Salman Khan | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Patthar Ke Phool|Patthar Ke Phool]]'' |Suraj Verma | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Kurbaan (1991 film)|Kurbaan]]'' |Akash | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Love (1991 film)|Love]]'' |Prithvi | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Saajan|Saajan]]'' |Akash Varma | |- |1992 |''[[:en:Suryavanshi (film)|Suryavanshi]]'' |Vicky / Suryavanshi Vikram Singh | |- |1992 |''[[:en:Ek Ladka Ek Ladki|Ek Ladka Ek Ladki]]'' |Raja | |- |1992 |''[[:en:Jaagruti|Jaagruti]]'' |Jugnu | |- |1992 |''[[:en:Nishchaiy|Nishchaiy]]'' |Rohan Yadav / Vasudev Gujral | |- |1993 |''[[:en:Chandra Mukhi|Chandra Mukhi]]'' |Raja Rai | |- |1993 |''[[:en:Dil Tera Aashiq|Dil Tera Aashiq]]'' |Vijay | |- |1994 |''Andaz Apna Apna'' |Prem Bhopali | |- |1994 |''[[:en:Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!|Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' |Prem | |- |1994 |''[[:en:Chaand Kaa Tukdaa|Chaand Kaa Tukdaa]]'' |Shyam Malhotra | |- |1994 |''[[:en:Sangdil Sanam|Sangdil Sanam]]'' |Kishan | |- |1995 |''[[:en:Karan Arjun|Karan Arjun]]'' |Karan / Ajay | |- |1995 |''[[:en:Veergati|Veergati]]'' |Ajay | |- |1996 |''[[:en:Majhdhaar|Majhdhaar]]'' |Gopal | |- |1996 |''[[:en:Khamoshi: The Musical|Khamoshi: The Musical]]'' |Raj | |- |1996 |''[[:en:Jeet (1996 film)|Jeet]]'' |Raju | |- |1997 |''[[:en:Judwaa|Judwaa]]'' |Raja / Prem Malhotra | |- |1997 |''[[:en:Auzaar|Auzaar]]'' |Inspector Suraj Prakash | |- |1997 |''[[:en:Dus (1997 film)|Dus]]'' |Captain Jeet Sharma | |- |1998 |''[[:en:Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya]]'' |Suraj Khanna | |- |1998 |''[[:en:Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai|Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai]]'' |Suraj Dhanrajgir | |- |1998 |''[[:en:Bandhan (1998 film)|Bandhan]]'' |Raju | |- |1998 |''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' |Aman Mehra | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Jaanam Samjha Karo|Jaanam Samjha Karo]]'' |Rahul | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Biwi No.1|Biwi No.1]]'' |Prem | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam|Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'' |Sameer <ref>https://www.amazon.com/Salman-Khan/e/B00DIE8GXS%3Fref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]'' |Hero | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United|Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United]]'' |Prem | |- |2000 |''[[:en:Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge|Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]'' |Raja Oberoi | |- |2000 |''[[:en:Chal Mere Bhai|Chal Mere Bhai]]'' |Prem Oberoi | |- |2000 |''[[:en:Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega|Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]'' |Raj / Romi | |- |2000 |''[[:en:Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye (2000 film)|Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye]]'' |Prem Kapoor | |- |2001 |''[[:en:Chori Chori Chupke Chupke|Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]'' |Raj Malhotra | |- |2002 |Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge |Veer Singh Thakur / Ali | |- |2002 |''[[:en:Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam|Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]]'' |Suraj | |- |2002 |''[[:en:Yeh Hai Jalwa|Yeh Hai Jalwa]]'' |Raj 'Raju' Saxena / Raj Mittal | |- |2003 |''[[:en:Tere Naam|Tere Naam]]'' |Radhe Mohan | |- |2003 |''[[:en:Baghban (film)|Baghban]]'' |Alok Raj | |- |2004 |''[[:en:Phir Milenge|Phir Milenge]]'' |Rohit Manchanda | |- |2004 |''[[:en:Garv: Pride and Honour|Garv: Pride and Honour]]'' |ACP Arjun Ranavat | |- |2004 |''[[:en:Mujhse Shaadi Karogi|Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' |Sameer Malhotra | |- |2004 |''[[:en:Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa|Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa]]'' |Rishabh | |- |2005 |''[[:en:Lucky: No Time for Love|Lucky: No Time for Love]]'' |Aditya | |- |2005 |''[[:en:Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?|Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?]]'' |Dr. Samir Malhotra | |- |2005 |''[[:en:No Entry|No Entry]]'' |Prem | |- |2005 |''[[:en:Kyon Ki|Kyon Ki]]'' |Anand | |- |2006 |''[[:en:Shaadi Karke Phas Gaya Yaar|Shaadi Karke Phas Gaya Yaar]]'' |Ayaan | |- |2006 |''[[:en:Jaan-E-Mann|Jaan-E-Mann]]'' |Suhaan Kapoor | |- |2006 |''[[:en:Saawan... The Love Season|Saawan... The Love Season]]'' |Sameer | |- |2006 |''[[:en:Baabul|Baabul]]'' |Avinash Kapoor | |- |2007 |''[[:en:Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love|Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love]]'' |Rahul <ref>https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/salman-khan/box-office/</ref> | |- |2007 |''[[:en:Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'' |Prem | |- |2007 |''[[:en:Marigold: An Adventure in India|Marigold: An Adventure in India]]'' |Prem | |- |2008 |''[[:en:God Tussi Great Ho|God Tussi Great Ho]]'' |Arun Prajapati (A.P) | |- |2008 |''[[:en:Heroes (2008 film)|Heroes]]'' |Balkar Singh / Jassvinder Singh | |- |2008 |''[[:en:Yuvvraaj|Yuvvraaj]]'' |Deven Yuvvraaj | |- |2009 |''[[:en:Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]'' |Radhe / Rajveer Shikhawat | |- |2009 |''[[:en:Main Aurr Mrs Khanna|Main Aurr Mrs Khanna]]'' |Samir Khann | |- |2009 |''[[:en:London Dreams|London Dreams]]'' |Mannu (Manjit Khosla) | |- |2010 |[[:en:Veer (film)|''Veer'']] |Veer / Veera | |- |2010 |''[[:en:Dabangg|Dabangg]]'' |Inspector Chulbul Pandey <br /><br />(Robinhood Pandey) | |- |2011 |''[[:en:Ready (2011 film)|Ready]]'' |Prem Kapoor | |- |2011 |''[[:en:Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]'' |Lovely Singh | |- |2012 |''[[:en:Ek Tha Tiger|Ek Tha Tiger]]'' |Tiger / Manish Chandra / Avinash Singh Rathod | |- |2012 |''[[:en:Dabangg 2|Dabangg 2]]'' |Inspector Chulbul Pandey<br /><br />(Robinhood Pandey) | |- |2014 |''[[:en:Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]'' |Major Jai Agnihotri .<ref>https://wikibio.in/salman-khan</ref> | |- |2014 |[[:en:Fugly (film)|Fugly]] |Himself |Special appearance |- |2014 |''[[:en:Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' |Devi Lal singh/Devil | |- |2014 |''Being Bhaijaan'' |Himself |Documentary film |- |2015 |''[[:en:Bhajhrangi Bhaaijaan|Bhajhrangi Bhaaijaan]]'' |Pawan Kumar Chaturvedi | |- |2015 |''[[:en:Hero (2015 Hindi film)|Hero]]'' |— |Producer and playback singer for song "Main Hoon Hero Tera" |- |2015 |''[[:en:Prem Ratan Dhan Payo|Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' |Prem Dilwale / Yuvraj Vijay Singh | |- |2016 |''[[:en:Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]] '' |Sultan Ali Khan | |- |} ===MANAZARTA=== o321dbggv7vvjalxja7f38pwq2039wd 163433 163432 2022-08-03T12:04:12Z Sufie Alyaryasie 13902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Salman Khan''' (lafazi) : [səlˈmaːn ˈxaːn] '''Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan,''' An haife shi 27 ga watan Disamba, 1965) jarumin [[Indiya]] ne, furodusa, mai gabatar da fim ta talabijin, kuma mai son taimakon jama'a. Khan yana aiki a fina-finan harshen [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] da shirye-shiryen talabijin. An yanke wa Khan hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2015 daga fara T-Series, ya rutsa da mutane 5, ya kashe mutum daya da motarsa. A ranar 8 ga Mayu, na shekarar 2015, ba a ba da belin salman Khan ba. An haifi Salman Khan a garin [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], Indiya. Iyayensa tsofaffin mata ne na farko '''Sushila Charak''' (daga baya ta koma sunan Salma Khan) da kuma Salim Khan.<ref>>https://starsunfolded.com/salman-khan</ref> == Finafinai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Title ! scope="col" |Role(s) ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Notes |- |1988 |''[[:en:Biwi Ho To Aisi|Biwi Ho To Aisi]]'' |Vicky Bhandari |Debut film |- |1989 |''[[:en:Maine Pyar Kiya|Maine Pyar Kiya]]'' |Prem | |- |1990 |''[[:en:Baaghi: A Rebel for Love|Baaghi: A Rebel for Love]]'' |Saajan Sood | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Sanam Bewafa|Sanam Bewafa]]'' |Salman Khan | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Patthar Ke Phool|Patthar Ke Phool]]'' |Suraj Verma | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Kurbaan (1991 film)|Kurbaan]]'' |Akash | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Love (1991 film)|Love]]'' |Prithvi | |- |1991 |''[[:en:Saajan|Saajan]]'' |Akash Varma | |- |1992 |''[[:en:Suryavanshi (film)|Suryavanshi]]'' |Vicky / Suryavanshi Vikram Singh | |- |1992 |''[[:en:Ek Ladka Ek Ladki|Ek Ladka Ek Ladki]]'' |Raja | |- |1992 |''[[:en:Jaagruti|Jaagruti]]'' |Jugnu | |- |1992 |''[[:en:Nishchaiy|Nishchaiy]]'' |Rohan Yadav / Vasudev Gujral | |- |1993 |''[[:en:Chandra Mukhi|Chandra Mukhi]]'' |Raja Rai | |- |1993 |''[[:en:Dil Tera Aashiq|Dil Tera Aashiq]]'' |Vijay | |- |1994 |''Andaz Apna Apna'' |Prem Bhopali | |- |1994 |''[[:en:Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!|Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' |Prem | |- |1994 |''[[:en:Chaand Kaa Tukdaa|Chaand Kaa Tukdaa]]'' |Shyam Malhotra | |- |1994 |''[[:en:Sangdil Sanam|Sangdil Sanam]]'' |Kishan | |- |1995 |''[[:en:Karan Arjun|Karan Arjun]]'' |Karan / Ajay | |- |1995 |''[[:en:Veergati|Veergati]]'' |Ajay | |- |1996 |''[[:en:Majhdhaar|Majhdhaar]]'' |Gopal | |- |1996 |''[[:en:Khamoshi: The Musical|Khamoshi: The Musical]]'' |Raj | |- |1996 |''[[:en:Jeet (1996 film)|Jeet]]'' |Raju | |- |1997 |''[[:en:Judwaa|Judwaa]]'' |Raja / Prem Malhotra | |- |1997 |''[[:en:Auzaar|Auzaar]]'' |Inspector Suraj Prakash | |- |1997 |''[[:en:Dus (1997 film)|Dus]]'' |Captain Jeet Sharma | |- |1998 |''[[:en:Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya]]'' |Suraj Khanna | |- |1998 |''[[:en:Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai|Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai]]'' |Suraj Dhanrajgir | |- |1998 |''[[:en:Bandhan (1998 film)|Bandhan]]'' |Raju | |- |1998 |''Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'' |Aman Mehra | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Jaanam Samjha Karo|Jaanam Samjha Karo]]'' |Rahul | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Biwi No.1|Biwi No.1]]'' |Prem | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam|Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam]]'' |Sameer <ref>https://www.amazon.com/Salman-Khan/e/B00DIE8GXS%3Fref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]'' |Hero | |- |1999 |''[[:en:Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United|Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United]]'' |Prem | |- |2000 |''[[:en:Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge|Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]'' |Raja Oberoi | |- |2000 |''[[:en:Chal Mere Bhai|Chal Mere Bhai]]'' |Prem Oberoi | |- |2000 |''[[:en:Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega|Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]'' |Raj / Romi | |- |2000 |''[[:en:Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye (2000 film)|Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye]]'' |Prem Kapoor | |- |2001 |''[[:en:Chori Chori Chupke Chupke|Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]'' |Raj Malhotra | |- |2002 |Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge |Veer Singh Thakur / Ali | |- |2002 |''[[:en:Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam|Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]]'' |Suraj | |- |2002 |''[[:en:Yeh Hai Jalwa|Yeh Hai Jalwa]]'' |Raj 'Raju' Saxena / Raj Mittal | |- |2003 |''[[:en:Tere Naam|Tere Naam]]'' |Radhe Mohan | |- |2003 |''[[:en:Baghban (film)|Baghban]]'' |Alok Raj | |- |2004 |''[[:en:Phir Milenge|Phir Milenge]]'' |Rohit Manchanda | |- |2004 |''[[:en:Garv: Pride and Honour|Garv: Pride and Honour]]'' |ACP Arjun Ranavat | |- |2004 |''[[:en:Mujhse Shaadi Karogi|Mujhse Shaadi Karogi]]'' |Sameer Malhotra | |- |2004 |''[[:en:Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa|Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa]]'' |Rishabh | |- |2005 |''[[:en:Lucky: No Time for Love|Lucky: No Time for Love]]'' |Aditya | |- |2005 |''[[:en:Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?|Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?]]'' |Dr. Samir Malhotra | |- |2005 |''[[:en:No Entry|No Entry]]'' |Prem | |- |2005 |''[[:en:Kyon Ki|Kyon Ki]]'' |Anand | |- |2006 |''[[:en:Shaadi Karke Phas Gaya Yaar|Shaadi Karke Phas Gaya Yaar]]'' |Ayaan | |- |2006 |''[[:en:Jaan-E-Mann|Jaan-E-Mann]]'' |Suhaan Kapoor | |- |2006 |''[[:en:Saawan... The Love Season|Saawan... The Love Season]]'' |Sameer | |- |2006 |''[[:en:Baabul|Baabul]]'' |Avinash Kapoor | |- |2007 |''[[:en:Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love|Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love]]'' |Rahul <ref>https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/salman-khan/box-office/</ref> | |- |2007 |''[[:en:Partner (2007 film)|Partner]]'' |Prem | |- |2007 |''[[:en:Marigold: An Adventure in India|Marigold: An Adventure in India]]'' |Prem | |- |2008 |''[[:en:God Tussi Great Ho|God Tussi Great Ho]]'' |Arun Prajapati (A.P) | |- |2008 |''[[:en:Heroes (2008 film)|Heroes]]'' |Balkar Singh / Jassvinder Singh | |- |2008 |''[[:en:Yuvvraaj|Yuvvraaj]]'' |Deven Yuvvraaj | |- |2009 |''[[:en:Wanted (2009 film)|Wanted]]'' |Radhe / Rajveer Shikhawat | |- |2009 |''[[:en:Main Aurr Mrs Khanna|Main Aurr Mrs Khanna]]'' |Samir Khann | |- |2009 |''[[:en:London Dreams|London Dreams]]'' |Mannu (Manjit Khosla) | |- |2010 |[[:en:Veer (film)|''Veer'']] |Veer / Veera | |- |2010 |''[[:en:Dabangg|Dabangg]]'' |Inspector Chulbul Pandey <br /><br />(Robinhood Pandey) | |- |2011 |''[[:en:Ready (2011 film)|Ready]]'' |Prem Kapoor | |- |2011 |''[[:en:Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]'' |Lovely Singh | |- |2012 |''[[:en:Ek Tha Tiger|Ek Tha Tiger]]'' |Tiger / Manish Chandra / Avinash Singh Rathod | |- |2012 |''[[:en:Dabangg 2|Dabangg 2]]'' |Inspector Chulbul Pandey<br /><br />(Robinhood Pandey) | |- |2014 |''[[:en:Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]'' |Major Jai Agnihotri .<ref>https://wikibio.in/salman-khan</ref> | |- |2014 |[[:en:Fugly (film)|Fugly]] |Himself |Special appearance |- |2014 |''[[:en:Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'' |Devi Lal singh/Devil | |- |2014 |''Being Bhaijaan'' |Himself |Documentary film |- |2015 |''[[:en:Bhajhrangi Bhaaijaan|Bhajhrangi Bhaaijaan]]'' |Pawan Kumar Chaturvedi | |- |2015 |''[[:en:Hero (2015 Hindi film)|Hero]]'' |— |Producer and playback singer for song "Main Hoon Hero Tera" |- |2015 |''[[:en:Prem Ratan Dhan Payo|Prem Ratan Dhan Payo]]'' |Prem Dilwale / Yuvraj Vijay Singh | |- |2016 |''[[:en:Sultan (2016 film)|Sultan]] '' |Sultan Ali Khan | |- |} ===MANAZARTA=== m0e9sqkg516om4zbxe8gsbt93ceq24k 0 18434 163492 158761 2022-08-03T17:05:55Z Maryam Abdulkarim 18464 Gyara wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abdul-Karim al-Karmi''' (an haifeshi a shekarar ta 1909 ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Oktoban 1980), wanda aka fi sani da '''Abu Salma''', ya kasance Marubucin waƙoƙin Bafalasdine kuma ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan Larabawa. An haifeshi a garin Tulkarm kuma ya mutu a [[Washington DC|Washington]]. Ya kasance mai karɓar kyaututtuka da dama kuma shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar marubutan [[Falasdinawa]] da Jouranlists Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Abdul-Karim al-Karmi (Abu Salma) an haife shi a 1909 a garin [[Tulkarm]], West Bank. Yayi karatun lauya. == Rayuwar mutum == Ɗan uwansa malamin harshe ne na Larabci kuma mai gabatarwa Hassan Karmi. Abdul-Karim Yayi Aure da ɗansa likita Sa'id A. Karmi. == Mutuwa == Ya mutu sakamakon cutar sepsis a 11 ga Oktoba 1980 a [[Asibitin Jami'ar George]] Washington da ke [[Washington DC|Washington, DC]] . == Kyauta da girmamawa == * [[1978]] : Lissafin Duniya na Lotus na Adabi. * [[1980]] : Tsarin juyin juya halin Falasdinawa. * [[1990]] : Umurnin Kudus don Al'adu, Arts da Adabi. * [[2015]] : Dokar Falasdinu don Al'adu, Kimiyya da Arts. == Manazarta == [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Marubuta]] [[Category:Larabawa]] jkn50pyxd0u1f00x3lq20unrh4skw19 0 18624 163466 78353 2022-08-03T14:07:23Z Maryam Abdulkarim 18464 Gyara wikitext text/x-wiki Mullah '''Hayatullah Khan''' shugaban Taliban ne kuma kakakinsa. A cikin 2004 Khan ya sanar da 'yan jarida cewa shugabancin Taliban yana Afghanistan, ba ya shiga mafaka a Balochistan . Lokacin da Hayatullah Khan ya yi bayani na farko, a 2004, Shugaban Afghanistan Hamid Karzai ya ce ''"Wanene wannan kwamandan Taliban Hayatullah Khan wanda ya yi wannan ikirarin?'' ''Ban taɓa jin sunansa ba kuma wataƙila ku ma ba ku san shi ba. "'' . A watan Fabrairun 2007 an ambato shi game da kame Taliban Qala da Taliban ta yi. Ya tabbatar da cewa 'yan Taliban din na da mayaka sama da 300 a cikin Musa Qala. Ya ce Taliban tana da dubban mutane da suka ba da kansu don zama 'yan kunar bakin wake . A cikin watan Afrilu na 2007 ya gaya wa ''Daily Times'' cewa Taliban tana da ’yan Afghanistan da ke shirye su yi aikin kai harin kunar bakin wake da ke jiran kai hari a manyan biranen Afghanistan. A watan Oktoban 2007 ya tabbatar da cewa kungiyar Taliban ba ta taka rawa ba a yunkurin kisan [[Benazir Bhutto]] . Ya ce ''"kungiyar Taliban ta Afghanistan ba ta da hannu a hare-hare a kasashen waje."'' A wata hira da ''kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters'' a watan Nuwamba na 2007 ya bayyana yadda ake sarrafa daruruwan ‘yan kunar bakin wake . {{Databox}}Hayatullah Khan ya fitar da martanin ga kungiyar Taliban ta mayar da ranar 20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, a ranar da aka rantsar da [[Barack Obama|Barack Obama.]] Yayi alƙawarin cewa ''"barin sojojin na Amurka da Obama zai ba ma sabbin maƙasudai.'' ''Mujahideen suna ta shiri, kuma da zarar hunturu ya fara, za a ga zafin rai a hare-harenmu a Afghanistan. "'' A cikin shekara ta 2009 Hayatullah Khan ya sake bayyana, kuma ya sake tabbatar da cewa shugabancin Taliban yana a kasar Afghanistan, ba Pakistan ba. Ya ce kasar Pakistan ta fi kasar Afghanistan hadari ga shugabancin Taliban. Ya musanta kasancewar Quetta Shura . == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutanen Pashtun]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin Taliban]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Mutum]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gk9cwxgja1huqvalb6udew7bzgooq7c 0 18862 163495 78889 2022-08-03T17:28:31Z Maryam Abdulkarim 18464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hujja}} {{Databox}}'''Adamu Muhammad Bulkachuwa''' (An haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilun, shekara ta 1940) ɗan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|siyasan Nijeriya]] ne kuma sanata a yanzu mai wakiltar gundumar sanata ta Bauchi ta arewa, an zaɓe shi ne a matsayin sanata a lokacin babban zaɓen Nijeriya na shekara ta 2019 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] (APC).ya kasance Tsohon [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|dalibin jami’ar Ahmadu Bello ne]] . == Rayuwar mutum == Bulkachuwa matar mai shari’a [[Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa]], Shugaban Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Najeriya, a Abuja. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1940]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0iec3ghbgnax2ink954dibd9qwaaiza 0 18867 163464 148093 2022-08-03T13:49:38Z Maryam Abdulkarim 18464 Gyara wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hujja}} {{Databox}}'''Aadam Ismaeel Khamis''' ( {{Lang-ar|آدم خميس إسماعيل}} ),ya kasan ce shi dan tseren nesa ne mai wakiltar [[Baharen|Bahrain]] na yanzu bayan sauya shekarsa daga Kasar Kenya. A cewar jami'an Bahrain, an haife shi '''Hosea Kosgei''' a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1989 a Kasar Kenya. Kamar sauran 'yan tsere na Bahrain Belal Mansoor Ali da Tareq Mubarak Taher, shekarunsa cike yake da rigima. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2005 IAAF ta bude bincike kan shekarunsu wanda har yanzu yana gudana har zuwa {{As of|March 2007}} . A cikin shekara ta 2006 Khamis ya sami lambar tagulla a kan mita 3000 a Gasar Wasannin Cikin Gida ta Asiya. A gasar matasa ta duniya da aka yi a Beijing a wannan shekarar ya sami tagulla a tseren mita 10,000 kuma ya kare na biyar a cikin mita 5000 . Majalisar IAAF ta bude fayil din ladabtarwa a kan Khamis washegari bayan kammala 5000m. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}&nbsp; # # '''^''' "IAAF: News | iaaf.org". ''iaaf.org''. Retrieved 2018-04-23. == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics|id=207647|name=Aadam Ismaeel Khamis}} [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1989]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] i84gz5ue0quqik8cmp4p1cgwe0g3kkw 0 18871 163493 78912 2022-08-03T17:14:42Z Maryam Abdulkarim 18464 Gyara wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Adam Bruno Ulam''' (an haife shi a ranar ta 8 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1922 -ya mutu a ranar 28 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2000) ya kasan ce ɗan tarihin Ba’amurke ne ɗan asalin Bayahude kuma masanin siyasa a Jami’ar Harvard . Ulam yana daya daga cikin marubuta duniya ta farkon na hukumomi da kuma saman masana a Sovietology da Kremlinology, ya wallafa littattafai da mahara da articles a cikin wadannan ilimi tarbiyya. == Tarihin rayuwa == Adam B. Ulam an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilun, shekara ta 1922, a Lwów lokacin babban gari a Poland, yanzu Lviv a cikin [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], ga iyayen wani mawadaci dangin yahudawa masu haɗin kai. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, na shekara ta 1939 ko kusa da 20, ƙaninsa ɗan shekaru 30 Stanisław Ulam, sanannen masanin lissafi kuma mahimmin gudummawa ga Manhattan Project, ya dauke shi zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don ci gaba da karatunsa. Mahaifinsu, a minti na ƙarshe, ya canza ranar tashi daga ranar 3 ga watan Satumba zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, mai yiwuwa ya ceci ran Adam tun a ranar 1 ga Satumba Satumba [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya fara, tare da mamayar Jamus ta Nazi ta Poland . Ban da 'yan'uwan Ulam, duk sauran dangin da suka rage a Poland sun halaka cikin Holocaust . Adam ya kasance dan kasar Amurka ne daga shekara ta 1939, kuma ya yi kokarin shiga cikin sojojin Amurka sau biyu bayan Amurka ta shiga yakin, amma da farko an ki amincewa da shi saboda yana da "dangin da ke zaune a yankin abokan gaba" daga baya kuma suka koma myopia. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Brown kuma ya koyar a taƙaice a Jami'ar Wisconsin – Madison . Bayan karatu a Jami'ar Harvard a shekara ta (1944-1947), ya sami digirin digirgir a karkashin William Yandell Elliott don ''darasinsa na Idealism da Development of English Socialism'', wanda aka ba shi kyautar 1947 Delancey K. Jay Prize. Ya zama malami a Harvard a cikin shekara ta 1947, ya karbi aiki a shekara ta 1954, kuma har lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1992 shi ne Gurney Farfesan Tarihi da Kimiyyar Siyasa. Ya jagoranci Cibiyar Nazarin Rasha (1973-1974) kuma ya kasance masanin bincike na Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts a shekara ta (1953-1955). Ya yi aure a shekara ta 1963, aka sake shi a 1991, kuma ya haifi ’ya’ya maza biyu. Ranar 28 ga watan Maris, na shekara ta 2000, ya mutu daga [[Ciwon huhun daji|cutar kansa ta huhu]] a Cambridge, Massachusetts, yana da shekara 77 kuma an binne shi a Makabartar Mount Auburn a ciki. == Ayyuka == Ulam wallafa mahara littattafai da asidu, da kuma rubuce-rubucen da aka musamman sadaukar domin Sovietology, Kremlinology da Cold War . Littafin da ya fi saninsa shi ne ''Fadadawa da Zama tare: Tarihin Siyasar Kasashen Soviet, 1917-67'' (1968). A cikin littafinsa na farko, ''Titoism da Cominform'' (1952), bisa dogaro da karatun digirin digirgir, ya yi iƙirarin cewa mayar da hankali ga kwaminisanci a kan wasu manufofi ya makantar da su daga mummunan tasirin tattalin arziki wanda ke da ƙarfin raunana ikon su. Littafinsa ''The Unfinished Revolution: Wani Labari game da Tushen Tasirin Marxism da Kwaminisanci a shekara ta'' (1960) ya binciki tunanin Markisanci. Littattafansa guda biyu ''The Bolsheviks'' : ''Tarihin Hankali da Siyasa na Tattalin Arzikin Kwaminisanci a Rasha a shekara ta'' (1965) da ''Stalin: The Man and His Era'' a shekara ta (1973) an yarda da su a duniya azaman daidaitaccen tarihin Vladimir Lenin da Joseph Stalin, bi da bi. Ya kuma rubuta jerin abubuwa biyu, ''Abokan hamayya: Amurka da Rasha tun yakin duniya na II'' (1971) da ''Dangantaka Mai Hadari: Tarayyar Soviet a Siyasar Duniya, a shekara ta 1970-1982'' (1983). Ya kuma rubuta wani labari, ''The Kirov Affair a shekara ta'' (1988), game da Soviet 1930s. A cikin daya daga cikin litattafansa na karshe, ' ''Yan Kwaminisanci: Labarin Iko da Rasa Hasashe a shekara ta 1948-1991'', wanda aka buga a cikin shekara ta 1992, shekarar da ya yi ritaya, ya yi tsokaci game da faduwar Tarayyar Soviet, inda ya rubuta cewa' yan kwaminisanci sun fadi daga mulki saboda akidarsu ita ce bata gari da kuma yadda manyan masu fada a ji suka kara fahimtar kuskurensu wanda hakan ya haifar musu da lalacewa, wanda hakan ya haifar da rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice tsakanin da tsakanin jihohin kwaminisanci. Babban banda cikin littattafan sune: ''Tushen Falsafa na Gurguzu na Ingilishi'' da ''Faduwar Jami'ar Amurka'', mai sukar babbar ilimin Amurka, wanda aka rubuta a 1972. == Littattafai == Yawancin littattafan [https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%28adam%20%20ulam%29 suna kan layi kuma kyauta ne don aron sati biyu] * ''Tarihin Soviet ta Rasha (1997)'' * ''Dangantaka Mai Haɗari: Tarayyar Soviet a Siyasar Duniya, 1970-82'' (1983) * ''Fadadawa da Zama tare, Tarihin Manufofin Kasashen Waje na Soviet, 1917-67'' (1968), kan layi kyauta don ara * ''Tunani da Tunani: Tunanin Juyin Juya Hali daga Herzen zuwa Solzhenitsyn'' (1976), kyauta kan layi don bashi * ''Da Sunan Mutane: Annabawa da Maƙarƙashiya a cikin Rikicin Juyin Juya Hali na Rasha'' (1977) kan layi kyauta don ara * ''Alamar Gwamnati'' : ''Manyan Tsarin Siyasar Turai'', tare da Samuel H. Beer, Harry H. Eckstein, Herbert J. Spiro, da Nicholas Wahl, an shirya su da SH Beer (1958) * ''Tushen Falsafa na Gurguzancin Ingilishi'' (1964) * ''Juyin Juya Halin Rasha: Daga 'Yan Yaudara zuwa Wadanda Aka Yarda (1981)'' * ''Stalin: Mutumin da Zamaninsa'' (1973), kan layi kyauta don ara * ''Bolsheviks: Tarihin Ilimi da Siyasa na ofaunar Commungiyar Kwaminisanci a Rasha'' (1965) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan kwaminisanci: Labarin Powerarfi da Rashin Tunani, 1948-1991 (1992)'' * ''Faduwar Jami'ar Amurka'' (1972) * ''Halin Kirov'' (1988) - bayanin kula: labari, kyauta akan layi don bashi * ''Sabuwar Fuskar Soviet Totalitarianism'' (1963) * ''Masu Kishin.'' ''Amurka da Rasha tun yakin duniya na II'' (1971), akan layi kyauta don ara * ''Tsarin Siyasar Rasha'' (1974), kan layi kyauta don ara * ''Juyin Juya Halin da ba a kammala ba: Labari a kan Tushen Tasirin tasirin Markisanci da Kwaminisanci'' (1960), kyauta a kan layi don ara * ''Titoism da Cominform'' (1952) * ''Fahimtar Yakin Cacar Baki: Tunani Na Musamman na Tarihi'' - bayanin kula: abin tunawa (2000) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''An sake yin la'akari da Daular Soviet; Matsaloli a Daraja Adam B. Ulam'', edita daga Sanford R. Lieberman, David E. Powell, Carol R. Saivetz, da Sarah M. Terry, Routledge, 1994 * Kramer, Mark, "Sanarwar Tunawa: Adam Bruno Ulam (1922-2000)", ''Jaridar Nazarin Yakin Cacar Baki'', vol. '''2''', babu. 2, bazara 2000, pp.&nbsp;130-132 == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070519144744/http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/Cambridge/entries/062/Adam-Bruno-Ulam.html ''Crystal Reference Encyclopedia'' akan Adam (Bruno) Ulam] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060901140928/http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/news_events/Ulam_minute.doc Labaran Harvard da Abubuwan da suka faru: Minti na Tunawa: Adam Bruno Ulam] wanda Timothy J. Colton ya karanta a 2002 kuma aka buga shi a cikin ''Harvard University Gazette'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131016030607/http://www.adamulam.org/index.htm Shafin tunawa da Adam Ulam], tare da rasuwa, tarihin rayuwa, haruffa da sauran abubuwa * [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2000/04/adam-ulam-authority-on-russia-dies-at-77/ ''Harvard Gazette ya'' mutu] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2000/03/31/adam-ulam-dies/e4f78e50-b1da-4ad8-b14f-678feabf2dfb/ ''Tarihin Washington Post''] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/31/world/adam-ulam-a-top-historian-of-soviet-union-dies-at-77.html ''Jaridar New York Times ta'' mutu] * [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7113566 Bayanai a <nowiki>'' Nemi Kabari ''</nowiki>] [[Category:Haifaffun 1922]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Category:Jami'ar Harvard]] [[Category:Jami'ar Brown]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ggx3akjxw4yz0r05qd7qsmlvvesyl9l 0 19132 163494 79564 2022-08-03T17:20:57Z Maryam Abdulkarim 18464 Gyara wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Barghouti_books.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Littattafan da Barghouti ya rubuta]] '''Abdullah Ghaleb Barghouti''' ( {{Lang-ar|عبد الله البرغوثي}} , an haife shi a shekara ta 1979)ya kasance babban kwamandan Falasdinawa ne a ƙungiyar Hamas, ƙungiyar Izz al-Din al-Qassam, a Yammacin Gabar . Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu kera bam din kungiyar. A yanzu haka Barghouti yana zaman wakafi na tsawon rai har sau 67 a kurkukun [[Isra'ila|Isra’ila.]] <ref name="McElroy">McElroy, Damien. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/8831908/Gilad-Shalit-release-5-most-prominent-Palestinian-prisoners-to-be-freed.html#disqus_thread Gilad Shalit release: 5 most prominent Palestinian prisoners to be freed]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]].'' 18 October 2011.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Barghouti ya fito ne daga dangin Barghouti da ke zaune a yankin Ramallah na Yammacin Gabar. Iyalinsa sun fito ne daga garin Beit Rima . An haifi Barghouti ne a [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|kasar Kuwaiti]] a shekara ta 1979. Barghouti dangin Marwan Barghouti ne . == Hamas == A shekara ta 1999, Barghouti ya yi tattaki zuwa Yammacin Gabar inda ya shiga kungiyar ta Hamas. <ref name="McElroy">McElroy, Damien. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/8831908/Gilad-Shalit-release-5-most-prominent-Palestinian-prisoners-to-be-freed.html#disqus_thread Gilad Shalit release: 5 most prominent Palestinian prisoners to be freed]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]].'' 18 October 2011.</ref> ''Ynet ya'' dauke shi a matsayin "injiniyan" Hamas, kuma ya shirya kera makamai don kai hare-hare da yawa kan fararen hula na Isra'ila. Daga cikin hare-haren da ya kai akwai harin kunar bakin wake na gidan cin abinci na Sbarro, harin kunar bakin wake har sau biyu a cikin babbar cibiyar masu tafiya a kafa na Ben Yehuda, da fashewar Café Moment, da tashin bam din Rishon LeZion na shekara ta 2002, da harin bam din jami'ar Ibrananci, da bam din Allenby Street, da Pi Glilot yunƙurin jefa bom, da hari kan titin jirgin ƙasa a Lod inda shi da kansa ya ɗora alhakin fashewar. Jimillar Isra’ilawa 66 aka kashe tare da jikkata 500 a hare-haren da Barghouti ke da hannu a ciki. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2001, Jami'an Tsaro na Hukumar [[Palestin autonomija|Falasɗinawa suka]] kame Barghouti a kan umarnin marigayi Shugaban Falasɗinawa Yasser Arafat game da hannu a tashin bam din gidan cin abinci na Sbarro. <ref>Philps, Alan. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1337289/Suicide-bomber-blows-up-cafe.html Suicide bomber blows up cafe]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. 13 August 2001.</ref> Bayan tabarbarewar dangantaka tsakanin PA da Isra’ila a watan Janairun shekara ta 2002, shugaban Fatah Marwan Barghouti ya nemi Jibril Rajoub, shugaban rundunar tsaro ta PA da ya saki Abdullah Barghouti. Ya koma ayyukan Hamas. == Kurkuku == Barghouti ya shiga hannun jami'an tsaro na Shin Shin na Isra'ila a cikin watan Maris na shekara ta 2003. Wata kotun sojan Isra’ila ta yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai 67 <ref>http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/palestinian/pages/abdallah%20barghouti%20sentenced%20to%2067%20life%20sentences%201-dec-2004.aspx</ref> tare da daurin shekara 5,200. Hukuncin shi ne mafi tsawo da aka yanke a tarihin Isra'ila. Barghouti yana tsare a kurkukun Gilboa kusa da Beit She'an . Ana tsare da shi a kebe kawai kuma ba a ba shi damar ziyartar dangi. <ref>Levinson, Chaim. [http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/gilad-shalit-swap-deal-the-hamas-wish-list-of-prisoners-1.389444 Gilad Shalit swap deal / The Hamas wish list of prisoners]. ''[[Haaretz]]''. 11 October 2011.</ref> <ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/hamas-founder-s-son-helped-shin-bet-foil-attack-on-peres-1.266279 Hamas founder's son helped Shin Bet foil attack on Peres]. ''Haaretz''. 25 October 2010.</ref> Gwamnatin Isra’ila ta ki sakin Barghouti a zaman wani bangare na musayar fursunoni Gilad Shalit na shekara ta 2011. Hukumomin Falasdinu sun biya Barghouti fansho a duk tsawon daurin da ya yi. <ref>https://www.makorrishon.co.il/nrg/online/1/ART2/729/186.html</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q90ew4sehir3tiluilqv2o68ixfeszg 0 19956 163645 84139 2022-08-04T10:53:36Z BnHamid 12586 gyara wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Akaki Tsereteli''' wanda galibi ake kiransa da suna '''Akaki''', (dan kasar Georgia: აკაკი წერეთელი) (1840-1915), ya kasance shahararren mawaki dan kasar Georgia kuma dan gwagwarmayar kwatar 'yanci na kasa. ==Haihuwa== An haife shi a ƙauyen Skhvitori, yankin Imereti na yammacin Georgia a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1840, ga wani mashahurin dan asalin Georgia. Mahaifinsa shi ne Yarima Rostom Tsereteli, mahaifiyarsa, Gimbiya Ekaterine, 'yar Ivane Abashidze kuma jika ga Sarki Solomon I na Imereti. A bin tsohuwar al'adar iyali, Tsereteli ya yi shekarun yarinta yana zama tare da dangin manoma a ƙauyen Savane. Nannies na baƙauye ne suka rene shi, duk waɗannan sun sa shi jin tausayin rayuwar manoma a Georgia. Ya sauke karatu daga Kutaisi Classical Gymnasium a 1852 da Jami'ar Saint Petersburg Faculty of Oriental Languages ​​a 1863. Tsereteli babban amini ne ga Ilia Chavchavadze, shugaban matasa masu ci gaba na Georgia. Generationaramar ƙabilar Joorjiyawa a cikin shekarun 1860s, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Chavchavdze da Tsereteli, sun yi zanga-zangar adawa da tsarin Tsarist tare da yin kamfen don farfaɗo da al'adu da ƙudurin 'yan Georgia. ==Marubuci== Marubuci ne na ɗaruruwan waƙoƙin kishin ƙasa, na tarihi, na waƙoƙi da na ban dariya, da kuma labaran ban dariya da kuma littafin tarihin rayuwa. Tsereteli ya kasance mai aiki a ayyukan ilimi, aikin jarida da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. ==Shahara== Shahararren waƙar gargajiya ta Georgia ɗan ƙasa Suliko ya dogara ne da kalmomin Tsereteli. Ya mutu a Janairu 26, 1915, kuma an binne shi a Mtatsminda Pantheon da ke Tbilisi. Da samun ɗa, wasan opera na Rasha ya ba da labarin Alexey Tsereteli. Wata babbar hanyar titi a cikin garin Tbilisi ana kiranta da sunan sa, kamar yadda ɗayan tashar tashar jirgin ta Tbilisi yake. ==Manazarta== kicnkp62w81lj6fkg0pxcawzvdm1a4b 0 21635 163670 92546 2022-08-04T11:31:30Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i''' ( {{Lang-ar|الحَسَن بن قَحْطَبَة بن شبيب الطائي}} ) ya kasance babban shugaban sojoji a zamanin [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Khalifanci na farko]] . == Tarihin rayuwa == Shi da ne ga Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i, wanda tare da Abu Muslim suka jagoranci Juyin Juya Halin Abbasiyya wanda ya rusa halifancin Umayyawa . Tare da dan uwansa Humayd, Hasan ya kasance yana aiki a tafarkin Abbasiyya a Khurasan a shekarun da suka gabata kafin Juyin Juya Hali, yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin ''naqib'' . <ref name="Crone">Crone (1980), p. 188</ref> A lokacin juyin juya halin kansa, tare da mahaifinsa ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan kwamandoji a yakin da ya kawo sojojin Abbasiyawa daga Khurasan zuwa [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] ; ya shiga cikin bin Nasr bn Sayyar da kuma cin nasara a Nihavand, kuma duk da mutuwar mahaifinsa a yakin da ya yi da gwamnan Umayyawa Yazid bin Umar al-Fazari, Hasan ya jagoranci sojojin Khurasani zuwa [[Kufa]] . <ref>Zarrinkub (1999), pp. 54–55</ref> <ref name="Kennedy">Kennedy (1986), p. 79</ref> ===Juyin-juya hali=== Bayan Juyin Juya Hali, Hasan ya yi wa Halifa al-Mansur mai jiran gado na shekarar (r. 754-775) aiki a matsayin mataimakin gwamna a Armenia, wanda ya taimaka wajen sasantawa, kuma ya goyi bayan Mansur a kan tawayen Abdallah ibn Ali a Siriya a cikin shekara ta 754. <ref name="Crone">Crone (1980), p. 188</ref> <ref name="Kennedy">Kennedy (1986), p. 79</ref> Bayan wannan, a wasu lokuta akan sanya shi a gaba tare da [[Daular Rumawa|daular Byzantine]], inda ya jagoranci samamen bazara zuwa Asiya orarama a shekarar 766, 779 da 780. <ref name="PmbZ">Lilie et al. (2000), p. 120</ref> Zai yiwu kuma a san shi a matsayin '''Mouchesias''' (Μουχεσίας) na tushen Byzantine, wanda ke nuna cewa bisa umarnin Khalifa al-Mahdi (r. 775-785) ya tsunduma cikin tsanantawa da tilastawa Kiristoci canzawa a Siriya. ==Fice== Kodayake fitacce ne a matsayin memba na ''abna al-dawla'', <ref name="Crone">Crone (1980), p. 188</ref> kuma attajiri sosai - kamar yawancin kwamandojin Abbasawa, ya karbi wasu bangarori na sabon babban birnin da aka gina, [[Bagdaza|Baghdad]], a matsayin tallafi - Hasan bai taka wata rawar siyasa ba. rawar a kotu. <ref name="Kennedy">Kennedy (1986), p. 79</ref> Ya mutu a shekara ta 797 yana da shekara 84. == Manazarta == otay5lk3aii6yo5ksdemat773csh2y5 4 21908 163505 163272 2022-08-03T21:01:51Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. 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|[[User:Iball|Iball]] |[[Special:Contributions/Iball|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |77 |[[User:Aboubacarkhoraa|Aboubacarkhoraa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aboubacarkhoraa|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |78 |[[User:Kelsiesmith7|Kelsiesmith7]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kelsiesmith7|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |79 |[[User:Beryl63|Beryl63]] |[[Special:Contributions/Beryl63|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |80 |[[User:BenitaWikiUser|BenitaWikiUser]] |[[Special:Contributions/BenitaWikiUser|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |81 |[[User:Ishaq ibrahim209|Ishaq ibrahim209]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ishaq ibrahim209|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |82 |[[User:Love ones records|Love ones records]] |[[Special:Contributions/Love ones records|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |83 |[[User:Umesh.jagtap|Umesh.jagtap]] |[[Special:Contributions/Umesh.jagtap|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |84 |[[User:Slm.beb|Slm.beb]] |[[Special:Contributions/Slm.beb|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |85 |[[User:Dndaboi|Dndaboi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dndaboi|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |86 |[[User:Yakubu Ex-boy|Yakubu Ex-boy]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yakubu Ex-boy|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |87 |[[User:Aliyu kabiru sani|Aliyu kabiru sani]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aliyu kabiru sani|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |88 |[[User:Sheikh ayyub al ansarii|Sheikh ayyub al ansarii]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sheikh ayyub al ansarii|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |89 |[[User:Joesmithroots|Joesmithroots]] |[[Special:Contributions/Joesmithroots|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |90 |[[User:Leon II|Leon II]] |[[Special:Contributions/Leon II|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 2 ga Augusta 2022 |- |91 |[[User:Mady900|Mady900]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mady900|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |92 |[[User:Shanpanman|Shanpanman]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shanpanman|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |93 |[[User:Ogi.grace|Ogi.grace]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ogi.grace|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |94 |[[User:Mainglück|Mainglück]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mainglück|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |95 |[[User:BlackFire000|BlackFire000]] |[[Special:Contributions/BlackFire000|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |96 |[[User:MuhammadInuwashuaibu|MuhammadInuwashuaibu]] |[[Special:Contributions/MuhammadInuwashuaibu|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |97 |[[User:Maryam Abdulkarim|Maryam Abdulkarim]] |[[Special:Contributions/Maryam Abdulkarim|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |98 |[[User:Official jibrin Muhammad|Official jibrin Muhammad]] |[[Special:Contributions/Official jibrin Muhammad|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |99 |[[User:Mr. Lechkar|Mr. Lechkar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mr. Lechkar|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 3 ga Augusta 2022 |- |} 7vkbfxj4f79kl1vb3d8sp3ynt9g4j69 0 22643 163585 163260 2022-08-04T00:11:17Z Abdul-gafar Bulama 18428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Ulcers|image=Gastric Ulcer.png|caption=Gastric ulcer|symptoms=|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=|risks=|diagnosis=|differential=|prevention=|treatment=|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=|deaths=}} '''MIKI:-''' '''Da turanci ana kiranta(ulcer),''' '''Maƙarƙashiya cuta''' ce ta katsewa ko karyewa a cikin membrane na jiki wanda ke hana aikin al'ada na sashin da abin ya shafa. A cewar ilimin cututtukan Robins, "Miki shine keta ci gaba da fata, epithelium ko mucous membrane wanda ya haifar da ƙumburi na nama mai kumburi." Siffofin Miki na yau da kullun da aka gane a magani sun haɗa da:{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} * Miki (dermatology), katsewar fata ko karyewar fata. ** Ciwon matsi, wanda kuma aka sani da bedsores ** Miki daga al'aura, gyambon da ke kan yankin al'aura ** Ulcerative dermatitis, rashin lafiyar fata da ke hade da girma na kwayan cuta sau da yawa farawa ta hanyar ciwon kai ** Fissure ta dubura, wato miki ko yage kusa da dubura ko a cikin dubura ** Ciwon ƙafar ƙafar ciwon sukari, babban matsala na ƙafar masu ciwon sukari * Maƙarƙashiyar ƙwayar cuta, yanayin kumburi ko rashin lafiya na cornea * Ciwon baki, buɗaɗɗen ciwon cikin baki. ** Aphthous ulcer, wani nau'i na musamman na baki wanda kuma aka sani da ciwon daji * Peptic ulcer, datsewar mucosa na ciki (ulcer) * Venous ulcer, raunin da ake tunanin zai faru saboda rashin aiki na bawuloli a cikin veins * Maƙarƙashiya miki, wani miki dake cikin ciki da kuma proximal duodenum * Ulcerative sarcoidosis, yanayin cutane wanda ke shafar mutanen da ke da sarcoidosis * Ulcerative lichen planus, bambance-bambancen da ba kasafai ba na lichen planus * [[Ulcerative colitis]], wani nau'i na cututtukan hanji mai kumburi (IBD). * Ƙunƙarar ciwon ciki, rashin lafiya ko rashin jin daɗi wanda ke haifar da ciwon ciki mai tsanani, sau da yawa hade da gastritis na kullum. * '''ALLAMUMIN MIKI(ULCER) SUNE''' * Tashin zuciya * Kunawar zuciya * Ciwon baya * Dakuma aman Joni * '''MUGUNGUNA DA AKE SHA DOMIN AKARE CUTAR MIKI SUNE''' * Omeprazole 20mg * Cemitidine 200mg,400mg * Rabeprazole 20mg * Pantoprazole 30mg, dade soransu. * * * * * * * * * * * == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Medical resources|DiseasesDB=|ICD10=<!-- {{ICD10|Xxx.x}} -->|ICD9=<!-- {{ICD9|xxx}} -->|ICDO=|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=|MeSH=|GeneReviewsNBK=|GeneReviewsName=}} rq7cq0jh9ozpjq19hy90e1pj6m37zq0 0 23748 163700 107186 2022-08-04T11:55:25Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Chibuzo Ibezim''' (An haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, 1962) a Nibo-Nise. shine Bishop na Anglican a Najeriya. kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Najeriya . An nada shi a 1994. ya yi hidima a Legas, ya tashi ya zama Archdeacon. A shekarar 2010 ya zama Bishop na Awka ; kuma a 2020 Archbishop na Nijar<ref>https://www.worldanglican.com/nigeria/awka/the-church-of-nigeria-anglican-communion/the-rt-revd-alexander-ibezim</ref> == Nadi== An nada Ibezim a matsayin bishop a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2010 a St Peter's Cathedral, Asaba kuma aka nada shi a matsayin Bishop na Awka a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2010; daga baya (kuma) an zaɓi Archbishop a cikin 2019 kuma an sanya shi akan 24 Satumba 2019.<ref>https://www.sunnewsonline.com/day-awka-stood-still/</ref> ==Manazarta== dmz4pc00lccd4v280sia1gqihcl7to2 0 24420 163690 109585 2022-08-04T11:44:55Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:China flag, us flag, virus synthesis.jpg|thumb|tutar chana]] [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|thumb|tutar Najeriya]] [[File:China Nigeria Locator.png| Alaƙar China da Najeriya]] {{databox}} '''kulla alakar da ke tsakanin [[Najeriya|Tarayyar Najeriya]] da [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]]''' a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1971 - shekaru goma bayan da Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga Daular Burtaniya . Dangantaka tsakanin Najeriya da China ta fadada kan bunkasa kasuwanci tsakanin kasashen biyu da dabarun hadin gwiwa. Ana daukar China a matsayin daya daga cikin makusantan Najeriya da abokan huldar ta. Haka kuma kasar Sin na daya daga cikin muhimman abokan huldar kasuwanci da fitar da kayayyaki na Najeriya. Dangane da binciken BBC na 2014 na Duniya, kashi 80% na 'yan Najeriya suna kallon tasirin China da kyau, inda kashi 10% ne kawai ke nuna ra'ayi mara kyau, wanda ya sa Najeriya ta kasance mafi yawan masu goyon bayan China a duniya. <ref>[http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/country-rating-poll.pdf 2014 World Service Poll] ''[[BBC]]''</ref> Kodayake Najeriya tana ci gaba da huldar kasuwanci da Taiwan, kuma tana da ofishin wakilci a [[Taipei]], ta ba da sanarwar hadin gwiwa tare da China a 2005, inda ta sake tabbatar da cewa [[Beijing]] "ita kadai ce halattacciyar gwamnatin da ke wakiltar kasar Sin baki daya kuma Taiwan wani yanki ne da ba za a iya daidaita ta ba" . <ref name="China and Africa">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hu7n1YNNrqcC&lpg=PA88&ots=sLRkD_Z-aY&dq=nigeria%20trade%20office%20in%20taiwan%20r.o.c.%20established&pg=PA88#v=onepage&q=nigeria%20trade%20office%20in%20taiwan%20r.o.c.%20established&f=true ''China and Africa: A Century of Engagement''], David H. Shinn, Joshua Eisenman, University of Pennsylvania Press, 10 Jul 2012, page 87</ref> == Manufofin diflomasiyya == Najeriya tana da ofishin jakadanci a [[Beijing]], karamin ofishin jakadancin [[Guangzhou]], da kuma [[Shanghai|karamin ofishin jakadanci a Shanghai]] da [[Hong Kong]] . China tana da ofishin jakadanci a [[Abuja]] da karamin ofishin jakadancinta a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . == Bunkasa alakar kasashen biyu == Najeriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin sun kulla dangantakar diplomasiyya a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1971. Dangantaka tsakanin kasashen biyu ta kara kusantowa sakamakon saniyar ware da kasashen duniya suka yi tare da Allah wadai da mulkin kama-karya na sojojin Najeriya (1970s-1998). Tun daga lokacin Najeriya ta zama muhimmiyar hanyar samar da mai da man fetur ga tattalin arzikin China da ke haɓaka cikin sauri kuma Najeriya na neman taimakon China don samun babban ci gaban tattalin arziki; Kasar Sin ta ba da tallafin tattalin arziki, soja da siyasa sosai. A cikin 1996, yayin da gwamnatin Clinton ta nuna adawa da takunkumin da aka sanya wa Najeriya, China, tare da kasashen Yammacin Turai, ba su dace da daskarar da kadarorin Najeriya a duniya ba. A shekarar 2004 da kuma a shekarar 2006, shugaban [[Hu Jintao|kasar Sin Hu Jintao]] ya kai ziyarar aiki a Najeriya inda ya gabatar da jawabi a zauren [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] . Kasashen biyu sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna kan kulla kawancen dabarun. Kasar China ta goyi bayan kudirin Najeriya na samun kujera a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Tun daga watan Fabrairun 2013, Jakadan China a Najeriya shine Deng Boqing. Dangane da jinkirin da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da wasu ƙasashen Yammacin Turai ke yi na taimakawa Najeriya a ƙoƙarin da suke yi na yaƙi da masu tayar da kayar baya a yankin [[Niger Delta|Neja Delta]] mai arzikin man fetur, gwamnatin Najeriya ta haɓaka haɗin gwiwa na soji da China, wacce ke ba da makamai, kayan aiki, horo. da fasaha ga sojojin Najeriya. Kasashen biyu sun kuma rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar dalar Amurka miliyan 311 don haɓaka hadin kai a cikin shirye -shiryen sadarwa da shirye -shiryen sararin samaniya ; Kasar Sin ta taimaka wajen bunkasa da harba tauraron dan adam na sadarwa na Najeriya ( NigComSat-1 ) zuwa 2007 don fadada hanyoyin sadarwar salula da intanet a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]] . <ref name="MSNBC" /> A Janairu 2017, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da umarnin Taiwan don motsawa ta unofficial ofishin jakadancin daga Abuja, jayayya da cewa kasar ya kare wannan Daya Sin hangen nesa. Wannan umarni ya zo ne bayan Najeriya ta samu alkawarin zuba jarin dala biliyan 40 daga China. A shekarar 2021, kasashen biyu na murnar cika shekaru 50 da kulla alakar hukuma. Zuwa shekarar 2100, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen Najeriya zai zarce yawan mutanen China. == Dangantaka mai ƙasƙanci == A watan Afrilun shekara ta 2020, ministan harkokin waje [[Geoffrey Onyeama|Geoffrey Onyeama ya yi Allah wadai da halin wariyar launin fata da]] China ke nunawa ‘yan Najeriya, bayan da wani faifan bidiyo ya fito a yanar gizo wanda ke nuna mazauna Najeriya a China ana nuna musu wariya. Yayin da jami'an China suka ce sun dauki batun da mahimmanci, sun kuma zargi kafofin watsa labarai na Yammacin Turai don jaddada abubuwan da suka keɓe don ciyar da kamfen ɗin ɓarna na PR akan muradun Najeriya. A watan Nuwamba na Shekara ta 2020, gwamnatin China ta hana shigowar China ga dukkan baki, ciki har da ‘yan Najeriya kan [[Koronavirus 2019|damuwar COVID-19]], ban da“ muhimman ayyuka ”gami da hidimar diflomasiyya. == Soja == A shekara ta 2015, wani jirgi mara matuki na ƙasar China ya yi haɗari a cikin karkara na Najeriya. An yi imanin cewa jirgin yana da hannu a gwagwarmayar da Najeriya ke yi da kungiyar masu fafutukar Islama, [[Boko Haram]] . Kasar China ta baiwa gwamnatin Najeriya samfurin CH-3 kafin shekarar 2014, tare da bama-bamai masu linzami samfurin YC-200 da makami mai linzami samfurin AR-1. A cikin shekara ta 2020, Babban Hafsan Sojojin Saman Najeriya (NAF), Air Marshal [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya bayyana cewa NAF ta kammala sayan jirage guda takwas Wing Loong II, CH-4 da CH-3. == Ciniki == [[File:Belt_and_Road_Initiative_participant_map.svg|thumb| Kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan takardun hadin gwiwa da suka shafi shirin Belt and Road Initiative]] Kasuwancin juna ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 3 a shekara ta 2006 - daga dala miliyan 384 a shekara ta 1998. A yayin ziyarar da shugaban ƙasar Sin Hu Jintao ya kai a shekarar 2006, kasar Sin ta samu lasisin hako man fetur guda hudu kuma ta amince ta zuba jarin dala biliyan 4 a ayyukan raya mai da kayayyakin more rayuwa a Najeriya, kuma dukkan kasashen biyu sun amince da wani shiri mai maki hudu don inganta alakar kasashen biyu-muhimmin bangarensa shine fadada kasuwanci da saka hannun jari a harkar noma, sadarwa, makamashi da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa. <ref name="NEWSGD" /> Bugu da kari, China ta amince ta sayi hannun jarin sarrafa matatun mai na Kaduna wanda zai samar da {{Convert|110000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}} . <ref name="BBC" /> Najeriya ta kuma yi alkawarin ba da fifiko ga kamfanonin mai na China kan kwangilolin aikin hakar mai a yankin [[Niger Delta|Neja -Delta]] da yankin tafkin Chadi . <ref name="BBC" /> A shekarar 2006, kasar Sin ta kuma amince da baiwa Najeriya bashin dala biliyan daya don taimaka mata wajen inganta da kuma inganta hanyoyin sadarwa na jiragen kasa. A Shekara ta 2005 Najeriya ta amince ta baiwa PetroChina {{Convert|30000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}} na mai na dala miliyan 800. A shekara ta 2006 CNOOC ta sayi wani kaso na dala biliyan 2.3 a wani shingen binciken mai wanda tsohon ministan tsaro ya mallaka. China ta kuma yi alkawarin zuba jarin dala miliyan 267 don gina yankin kasuwanci kyauta na Lekki kusa da [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Koyaya, “ambaliyar” kasuwannin Najeriya da kayayyaki masu arha na China ya zama lamari na siyasa mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda-haɗe da shigo da kayayyakin Turai masu hannu da shuni-ya yi mummunan tasiri ga masana'antun cikin gida, musamman a masana'anta, kuma ya kai ga rufe 65 masana'antun masaku da shimfida ma'aikatan saƙa 150,000 a cikin shekaru goma. <ref name="CJ" /> Mayakan na Najeriya sun kuma yi barazanar kai hari kan ma’aikatan China da ayyukan su a yankin Neja Delta. <ref name="CJ" /> A shekara ta 2010, ciniki tsakanin kasashen biyu ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 7.8. A shekara ta 2011 Najeriya ta kasance ta 4 mafi girman abokin huldar cinikayya ta kasar Sin a Afirka kuma a cikin watanni 8 na farkon shekarar 2012 ita ce ta 3. A watan Afrilun Shekara ta 2018, Najeriya ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar musanya dalar Amurka biliyan 2.4 da ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 3. A shekara ta 2019, cinikayya tsakanin China da Najeriya ta kai dala biliyan 19.27. == Kudin ci gaban ƙasar Sin ga Najeriya == Daga shekarar 2000 zuwa Shekara ta 2011, akwai kimanin ayyukan china 40 na ayyukan raya kasa da aka gano a Najeriya ta hanyar rahotanni daban -daban. <ref>Austin Strange, Bradley C. Parks, Michael J. Tierney, Andreas Fuchs, Axel Dreher, and Vijaya Ramachandran. 2013. China’s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-Based Approach to Data Collection. CGD Working Paper 323. Washington DC: Center for Global Development.</ref> Waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da rancen dala biliyan 2.5 don ayyukan layin dogo na Najeriya, wutar lantarki, ko sadarwa a cikin Shekara ta 2008, zuwa MoU akan gina dala biliyan 1 na gina gidaje da samar da ruwa a Abuja a shekara ta 2009, da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na jirgin ƙasa da yawa. <ref>Strange, Parks, Tierney, Fuchs, Dreher, and Ramachandran, China’s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-Based Approach to Data Collection.http://aiddatachina.org/projects/1851</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2000, dangantakar kasuwanci ta karu sosai. An samu karuwar yawan cinikin sama da dala miliyan 10,384 tsakanin kasashen biyu daga shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2016. <ref>LeVan, Carl; Ukata, Patrick (2018). ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;751.</ref> Koyaya tsarin tsarin dangantakar cinikayya tsakanin Sin da Najeriya ya zama babban batun siyasa saboda fitar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin ya kai kusan kashi 80 na jimillar yawan cinikayyar kasashen biyu. Wannan ya haifar da rashin daidaiton kasuwanci sosai tare da Najeriya ta shigo da sau goma fiye da abin da take fitarwa zuwa China. Tattalin arzikin Najeriya yana dogaro da shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje masu arha don ci gaba da wanzuwa wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar masana'antun Najeriya a ƙarƙashin irin wannan shiri. <ref>LeVan, p.&nbsp;754-756.</ref> A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2018, Najeriya ta rattaba hannu kan lamunin dala miliyan 328 tare da China don bunkasa ci gaban kayayyakin aikin sadarwa a Najeriya. Ƙasar Sin ta ba da kudin gudanar da ayyukan da za a gudanar a Najeriya: * Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Abuja zuwa Kaduna, Tashar Jirgin Ruwa ta Abuja, [[Filin jirgin saman Port Harcourt|Tashar Jiragen Sama ta]] [[Filin jirgin saman Abuja|Abuja]] da Fatakwal * Yankunan Kasuwanci na Lekki, Ogun - Guangdong * [[Tashar wutar lantarki ta Zungeru|Dam din Zungeru Hydro Power]] * Jami'ar Sufuri, Daura A musaya, Najeriya sau da yawa/tana hayar wani kamfani na China don kula da ayyukan ci gaban ta, kamar tashar [[Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mambilla|wutar lantarki ta Mambilla]] 3,050 Mambilla. == Duba kuma == * 'Yan Afirka a Guangzhou, China == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Ademola, Oyejide Titiloye, Abiodun-S. Bankole, da Adeolu O. Adewuyi. "Alakar kasuwanci tsakanin Sin da Afirka: Buga daga nazarin AERC." ''Ikon dragon na kasar Sin'' . Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016. 69–97. * Odeh, Lemuel Ekedegwa. "Dynamics of China-Nigeria Economic Economic Tun 1971." ''Jaridar Kungiyar Tarihi ta Najeriya'' (2014): 150–162. a cikin JSTOR * Oke, Muritala, Oluseyi Oshinfowokan, da Olubunmi Okonoda. "Alakar kasuwanci tsakanin Najeriya da China: Hasashe don Ci gaban Kasa da Ci Gabansa." ''Jaridar Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa ta Duniya'' 14.11 (2019). * Osakwe, Adanma, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120710195002/http://www.usfca.edu/uploadedFiles/Destinations/Institutes_and_Centers/Pacific_Rim/March%202012%2C%20Vol.%201%20Issue%204.pdf "Binciko sarkakiyar dangantakar China da Najeriya: Shin China tana da kyau ga Afirka?"] , ''Binciken'' Al'amuran Ƙasa, v.1 n.4, Maris 2012, [[Category:Iyakokin kasashe]] [[Category:Iyakan kasa da kasa]] [[Category:Iyakar Najeriya da Cana]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] myyw9dqoloneza3fi72gsj4oe1b2l2c 0 24851 163655 111459 2022-08-04T11:16:41Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox venue|name=Akure Township Stadium|location=[[Akure]], Nigeria|coordinates={{Coord|7|15|31|N|5|11|23|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}|capacity=3,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/venues/nigeria/akure-township-stadium/|title = Akure Township Stadium - Soccerway}}</ref>|tenants=[[Sunshine Stars F.C.]]}}'''Akure alƙarya Stadium''' ne a Multi-yin amfani da filin wasan a [[Akure]] dake kasar [[Najeriya]]. A halin yanzu ana amfani dashi galibi don [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa]] kuma shine filin wasa na Sunshine Stars FC na Firimiyar Najeriya. Filin wasan yana da 'yan kallo 3,000. Gaban kakar shekarata 2020/21 Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL), kuma a zaman wani bangare na tsarin ba da lasisin kulob mai yawa, Kamfanin Gudanar da League (LMC) ya tabbatar da filayen wasa 13 a duk faɗin ƙasar don cika mafi ƙarancin buƙatun don shirya wasannin. An jera filin wasan Akure Township da sauransu yana buƙatar gyare -gyare dabam -dabam daga relaying na sabon ciyawa na roba, koma baya, samar da fitilun wuta, dandamali na kyamarar talabijin da haɓaka ɗakuna masu canzawa tare da samar da ƙarin fitarwa da ƙofar shiga tsakanin sauran buƙatun asali. Sauran sun hada da filin wasa na Sani Abacha, Kano, Agege Stadium, Warri Township Stadium, New Jos Township Stadium da Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, Enugu. == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin waje == * [http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/nigeria.shtml Bayanin filin wasa] 9rjdwfk7nbk3m4lx8fyvgob8w3kfmzm 0 25668 163673 114846 2022-08-04T11:32:58Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kungiyar Makarantun Al-Hayyu''' Makaranta ce ta Islamiyya, wacce aka kafa a watan Satumbar 2001 a [[Ibadan]], [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo]], [[Najeriya]] . Ana koyar da ɗaliban cikin [[Turanci|harsunan Ingilishi]], [[Yarbanci|Yarabanci]], [[Faransanci]] da yaren Larabci. 27o1dhrcfd7r48vz90s32skgdgzs93s 0 25670 163649 115002 2022-08-04T11:02:30Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|honorific_prefix=|party=[[African People's Party]]|occupation=Educator, writer, activist|years_active=1972–present|employer=[[Georgia State University]]|organization=|known_for=|title=|movement=[[Republic of New Afrika|New Afrikan Independence Movement]]|education=|boards=|awards=|website=[http://baba-ak.com/ Baba-ak.com/]|signature=|signature_size=|signature_alt=|footnotes=|alma_mater=[[California State University, Los Angeles]]|citizenship=|name=<!-- include middle initial, if not specified in birth_name -->|native_name=|honorific_suffix=|image=Dr. Akinyele Umoja @ Mayor Choke Lumumba Celebration.jpg|image_upright=|image_size=<!-- DISCOURAGED per WP:IMGSIZE. Use image_upright. -->|alt=|caption=|native_name_lang=|other_names=|pronunciation=|birth_name=<!-- only use if different from name above -->|birth_date=1954 <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->|birth_place=[[Los Angeles, California]]|baptised=<!-- will not display if birth_date is entered -->|residence=|nationality=|notable_works=''[[We Will Shoot Back: Armed Resistance in the Mississippi Freedom Movement]]''}} '''Akinyele Umoja''' (an haife shi a 1954) malami ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma marubuci ne wanda ya ƙware a karatun Afirka Ba'amurke ne. A matsayinsa na mai fafutuka, memba ne na kafa sabuwar Kungiyar Jama'ar Afrikan da Malcolm X Grassroots Movement. <ref name="cv">[http://www2.gsu.edu/~aadbsf/umoja.htm Professor Akinyele K. Umoja] ''gsu.edu''</ref> A cikin Afrilu 2013, Jami'ar New York ne Press ta buga littafin Umoja ''Za Mu Harba Baya: Tsayayyar Makamai a cikin 'Yancin Mississippi'' . A halin yanzu, shi Farfesa ne kuma Shugaban Sashen Ne Nazarin Baƙin Baƙi a Jami'ar Jihar Georgia (GSU). == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Yea An haifi Akinyele Omowale Umoja a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], a 1954, kuma ya shafe yawancin ƙuruciyarsa a Compton, California . Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar ta 1972. Umoja ya sami BA a karatun Afro-Amurka daga Jami'ar Jihar California, Los Angeles, a watan Yuni 1986. <ref name="cv">[http://www2.gsu.edu/~aadbsf/umoja.htm Professor Akinyele K. Umoja] ''gsu.edu''</ref> Ya sami MA a watan Agusta 1990 a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Liberal a Jami'ar Emory a [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] . Yayin Ph.D. Sannan dan takara ne a Emory karkashin Robin Kelley, taken karatunsa shine "Eye for Eye: Resistance Armed in the Mississippi Freedom Movement." <ref name="cv" /> == Manazarta == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160126205536/http://akumoja.com/About.html Akumoja.com (Yanar gizon hukuma)] * [http://www2.gsu.edu/~aadbsf/umoja.htm Farfesa Akinyele K. Umoja] ''gsu.edu'' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwaaIOEBo38 Muhammad yayi Magana da Dr. Akinyele Umoja, Kashi na 1] * [http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0205/11/smn.09.html Hirar CNN da Dr. Akinyele Umoja] ayvic7luh241pfpbfrg9skcx0z170ks 0 25877 163651 115869 2022-08-04T11:06:31Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akinyinka Omigbodun''' farfesa ne na [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] na likitan mata, likitan mata ne kuma tsohon malami ne a Kwalejin Medicine, Jami'ar Ibadan. Ya yi aiki ne a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Likitoci na Yammacin Afirka kuma shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA). ==Aiki== Sha'awar binciken sa tana cikin yankin Gynecologic oncology. Shi memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa, [[Jami'ar Garin Osun|kuma Jami'ar Jihar Osun]] [[Rauf Aregbesola|, ne wanda Ogbeni Rauf Aregbesola]], babban gwamnan ne na [[Osun|jihar Osun ya]] nada a shekarar ta 2012. Ya kasance babban mai magana ne a wani taron tattaunawa da manema labarai da aka gudanar a Legas, inda ya kuma gabatar da rahotonsa kan ''Binciken'' Abubuwan Bukatu na [[Ekiti]] da [[Nasarawa|Jihar Nasarawa]] . Bincikensa ya yi niyyar taimakawa wajen samar da tsare -tsaren ayyuka don magance ci gaban zamantakewa da al'amuran lafiyar haihuwa na matasan Najeriya. ==Manazarta==   kw6qz2wnpvxxb86kijdshlfmqly5xsq 0 25878 163648 116063 2022-08-04T11:00:53Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ambassador|honorific-prefix=|birthname=Akinyele Oladipo Fayomi|website=|signature_alt=|signature=|religion=|portfolio=|committees=|cabinet=|profession=Diplomat|occupation=|alma_mater=[[University of Ibadan]] and [[University of Ife]]|birth_place=[[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State]], Nigeria|name=Akin Fayomi|birth_date=<!-- {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1955|11|08}} -->|president=[[Goodluck Jonathan]]|term_end=December 2013|term_start=July 2012|country=France and the Principality of Monaco|ambassador_from=Nigeria|order=<!--Can be repeated up to eight times by adding a number-->|alt=|image=OAF1.jpg|honorific-suffix=|footnotes=}}Ambasada '''Akin Fayomi''' (An haife shi ranar 8 ga watan watan Nuwamba, 1955). jami'in diflomasiyya ne na Najeriya wanda ya kasance Minista/Shugaban Harkokin Siyasa a Babban Hukumar Najeriya, London daga Yuli 2004 zuwa Maris 2007. Daga baya ya kasance Jakada kuma Wakili ne na Musamman na Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar ta Afirka (SRCC) a [[Laberiya]] <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201001250168.html AU Appoints Fayomi As Special Representative to Liberia],</ref> daga Janairu 2010 zuwa Yuli 2011. Daga nan aka nada shi a matsayin Babban Sakatare a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje daga Yuli 2011 zuwa Yuli 2012, kafin nadinsa a matsayin Jakadan Najeriya a Faransa daga Yuli 2012 zuwa Disamba 2013. An kuma nada shi a matsayin jakadan Najeriya na farko a Masarautar Monaco a daidai wannan lokacin. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Akinyele O. Fayomi a [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. Ya halarci Kwalejin Loyola da Makarantar International a Ibadan don karatun sakandare da sakandare. Ya yi karatun tarihi a Jami'ar Ibadan kuma ya sami BA Honours a 1977. Daga baya ya karanci dangantakar kasa da kasa a jami'ar Ife sannan ya sami digiri na biyu na Kimiyya a shekarar 1986. Ya sami takardar shedar “Tattaunawa da Sanin Matsakaici” a cikin Maris 2008 daga Cibiyar Legon don Harkokin Duniya, Jami'ar Ghana . == Manazarta == 99a9q6e3bgdihpndq645znn7bdt3cea 0 25880 163650 115877 2022-08-04T11:04:53Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Patrick Ayo Akinyelure|death_date=|website=|religion=|profession=|occupation=|alma_mater=|residence=|children=|relations=|spouse=|party=[[Labour Party (Nigeria)|Labour party]] (LP)|nationality=|death_place=|birth_place=idanre|image=|birth_date=|majority=|constituency1=Ondo Central|successor1=|predecessor1=[[Gbenga Ogunniya]]|term_end1=|term_start1=May 2011|office1=National Senator|order=|caption=|smallimage=|imagesize=|footnotes=}}'''Akinyelure Patrick Ayo''' ma'aikacin [[Ɗan Nijeriya|banki ne dan Najeriya]] wanda aka zabe shi a Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya don yankin Ondo ta Tsakiya a [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]] a zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu na 2011 da ke gudana a tikitin [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour.]] ==Ayyuka== Akinyelure Patrick Ayo kwararre ne a fannin aikin haraji na Cibiyar Kula da Haraji ta Najeriya. Ya kasance Group Executive ne kuma shugaban Allover Group, wani Microfinance mai ba da bashi, daga shekara ta 1994 zuwa 2010. ==Tuhuma== A cikin watan Janairun 2011 ya musanta cewa jami’an Hukumar Yaki da Yiwa Tattalin Arzikin Kasa Ta’annati (EFCC) sun bincike shi akan janye lasisin bankin da [[Babban Bankin Najeriya|Babban Bankin Najeriya ya yi]] . == Manazarta == f496kjr7ihzj609qlt9gnbg2stkzq6v 0 27986 163465 157674 2022-08-03T13:52:40Z Maryam Abdulkarim 18464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abasiama Idaresit''' ya kasan ce haifaffen Najeriya ne, kuma ɗan kasuwan fasaha ne, kuma wanda ya kafa Shugaba na Wild Fusion Limited, cibiyar tallata dijital da ofisoshi a Najeriya, Ghana, da Kenya. Mujallar Forbes ta sanya shi cikin "Masu Tallafin Intanet Goma na Afirka da za su Kalle" a cikin shekara ta 2013. Idaresit ya fara kasuwancinsa ne da tallafin iri da ya kai dalar Amurka 250 sannan ya gina ta a matsayin kamfani na miliyoyin mutane a kasashen Afirka uku. Ya yi aiki don ƙarfafa kasuwanci da ba da damar farawar Afirka don samun nasara ta amfani da fasaha kamar Baby M. An sanya shi cikin manyan shugabannin tattalin arzikin Afirka guda 100 na gaba a cikin shekara ta 2015 ta Cibiyar Choiseul. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Idaresit an haife shi ne a [[Kalaba|garin Calabar na]] [[Cross River|jihar Cross Rivers a]] Najeriya kuma ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Najeriya ciki har da kwalejojin gwamnatin tarayya da ke Ido-ani da kuma [[Ikot Ekpene]]. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London inda ya karanta tsarin bayanai da [[Management accouting|gudanarwa]] sannan ya sami MBA a Makarantar Kasuwancin Manchester == Sana'a == Idaresit ya kasance tare da Eddi Education for Democracy and Development Initiative, ta amfani da fasahohin da za a iya amfani da su don ƙarfafa nakasassu, na gani a tsakanin sauran shirye-shiryen zamantakewa da suka mayar da hankali kan fasaha.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2020}} Idaresit kafa Wild Fusion Limited a shekara ta 2010. == Ganewa == A shekara ta 2013, an zabe shi a matsayin Babban Babban Jami’in Fasaha a Najeriya. Mujallar Forbes ta bayyana shi a cikin manya-manyan attajiran intanet guda 10 na Afirka da za su kallo, sannan wata cibiyar bincike da ke birnin Paris ta sanya shi cikin jerin shugabannin tattalin arzikin Afirka 100 na gaba. == Manazarta == # [https://www.nitracle.com/2018/05/abasiama-idaresit-technology.html Abas Idaresit - Dan Kasuwa na Fasaha & Wanda Ya Kafa Wild Fusion] . Nitracle - Abasiama Idaresit - Dan Kasuwa na Fasaha & Wanda Ya Kafa Wild Fusion. An dawo da Mayu 29, 2018. # [http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/nigeria-is-littered-with-opportunities-says-technology-entrepreneur/ Najeriya na cike da damammaki, in ji dan kasuwan fasaha] . Dinfin Mulupi. An dawo 26 Agusta 2013. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20160405214424/http://www.africa.com/african-trendsetter-abasiama-idaresit/ African Trendsetter: Abasiama Idaresit] . An dawo 26 Agusta 2013. # [https://www.reuters.com/article/africa-tech-idUSL5N0IS3CP20131111 INSIGHT-Farawan fasaha na Afirka suna da nufin ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙin da ke haɓaka] . An dawo da 26 Nuwamba 2013. # [http://www.africanbusinesscentral.com/2014/10/11/we-ll-continue-to-enable-african-businesses-to-succeed-using-technology-abasiama-idaresit-founder-md-wild-fusion-video/ Za mu ci gaba da ba da damar kasuwancin Afirka su yi nasara, ta amfani da fasaha: Abasiama Idaresit, Founder & MD, Wild Fusion (Video)] . An dawo 26 Oktoba 2014. # [http://www.thehabarinetwork.com/profile-abasiama-idaresit-founder-and-ceo-of-wild-fusion PROFILE: ABASIAMA IDARESIT FOUNDER AND CEO OF WILD FUSION] . An dawo 26 Agusta 2013. # [http://tv.guardian.ng/guardiantv-exclusive/wild-fusion-wins-at-mwa-2016/ Wild Fusion yayi nasara a MWA 2016] . Gidan Talabijin. An dawo da Afrilu 29, 2016. [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Kasuwanci]] [[Category:Ƴan Kasuwa]] 3y0pel6skder7pxwxf4s7c746y7ov53 0 28600 163676 129739 2022-08-04T11:35:44Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aäläm-Wärqe Davidian''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Alamork Davidian''' a Turance, ɗan [[Itofiya|Habasha ne]] - darektan fina-finai na [[Isra'ila|Isra'ila.]] <ref name="screendaily">[https://www.screendaily.com/news/alamork-marsha-heads-to-ethiopia-for-fig-tree-shoot/5106610.article "Alamork Marsha heads to Ethiopia for 'Fig Tree' shoot"]. ''[[Screen Daily]]'', July 10, 2016.</ref> Babban daraktanta na halarta na farko, ''Bishiyar ɓaure'', ta kasance mai zaɓin Ophir Award don Mafi kyawun Hoto a cikin 2018. <ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/Gay-themed-films-battle-for-the-Ophir-Prize-566614 "Gay-themed films battle for the Ophir Prize"]. ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', September 5, 2018.</ref> ''Bishiyar ɓaure'' ta samo asali ne daga yarinta a [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] kafin yin hijira zuwa Isra'ila. <ref>[https://www.indiewire.com/2018/09/tiff-218-black-films-1201998879/ "8 Features That Center On Black Lives at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival"]. ''[[IndieWire]]'', September 5, 2018.</ref> Ta auri mai bada umarni kuma furodusa Kobi Davidian. <ref name="screendaily">[https://www.screendaily.com/news/alamork-marsha-heads-to-ethiopia-for-fig-tree-shoot/5106610.article "Alamork Marsha heads to Ethiopia for 'Fig Tree' shoot"]. ''[[Screen Daily]]'', July 10, 2016.</ref> A shekara ta 2018 Toronto International Film Festival, ta lashe Eurimages Audentia Award for Best Female Darektan ''Itacen Ɓaure.'' <ref>[https://variety.com/2018/film/festivals/toronto-film-festival-2018-audience-award-winners-1202943205/ "‘Green Book’ Takes Toronto Film Festival’s 2018 People’s Choice Award"]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'', September 16, 2018.</ref> == Magana == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == ==Manazarta== iskzbx5koteaihzc8vsypqj7qyr1qzg 0 32604 163694 158738 2022-08-04T11:47:46Z BnHamid 12586 /* Rayuwar farko da ta sirri */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Alec Mudimu''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu 1995) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Zimbabwe]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Profile" . Stalybridge [[Celtic]] F.C. Retrieved 16 March 2018. </ref> == Rayuwar farko da ta sirri == An haifi Mudimu a [[Harare]], babban birnin kasar Zimbabwe, kuma ya koma Ingila yana da shekaru biyar zuwa shida, yana zaune a Hertfordshire a London. == Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya == Mudimu ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa a Sheffield Wednesday da Stalybridge Celtic, ya shiga ƙungiyar ƙarshe a 2011. Ya fara wasansa na farko a kakar wasa ta 2012–13. <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|alec-mudimu/264156|accessdate=18 March 2018}}</ref> Ya koma a matsayin lamuni zuwa Radcliffe Borough a cikin Janairu 2015. Daga baya ya taka leda a Northwich Victoria da Stockport Town kafin ya koma kungiyar Cefn Druids ta Welsh Premier League a Yuli 2017. <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|alec-mudimu/264156|accessdate=18 March 2018}}</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko na gasar ga kulob din a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2017 a cikin rashin nasara da ci 4–0 a hannun TNS. Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kungiyar a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2017 a wasan da suka doke Llandudno da ci 2–1 a waje, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 18. An yi masa gwaji tare da kulob ɗin Fleetwood Town na Kwallon kafa na Ingila a cikin Disamba 2017. Ya kuma shafe lokaci a gwaji tare da Rochdale.<ref>Thomas Norris (13 March 2018). "Cefn Druids midfielder [[Alec Mudimu]] earns [[Zimbabwe]] call up". Leader Live. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba 2019, kulob din Moldovan Sheriff Tiraspol ya sanar da sanya hannu kan Mudimu daga 20 ga watan Janairu 2020. A watan Janairun 2021 ya rattaba hannu a kulob din Ankaraspor na [[Turkiyya]]. Bayan shafe lokaci a Jojiya tare da FC Torpedo Kutaisi, ya koma [[Ingila]] a watan Fabrairu 2022 don shiga Altrincham. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2022, Mudimu ya bar Altrincham bayan buga wasanni biyu kacal a kungiyar. == Ayyukan kasa == 'Yan wasan kasar Zimbabwe sun kira Mudimu a karon farko a watan Maris 2018. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar kasashe hudu na 2018, a lokacin da aka doke su a bugun fanariti a kan mai masaukin baki [[Zambia]] a ranar 21 ga Maris 2018. Daga baya an kira Mudimu zuwa tawagar kasar [[Zimbabwe]]] don gasar cin kofin COSAFA na 2018. [[Zimbabwe]] ta ci gaba da lashe gasar inda ta doke Zambia a wasan karshe.<ref>Mudimu moves on after brief Alty stay". Altrincham FC. 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.</ref> A watan Oktoban 2018, an zabe shi a matsayin wani bangare na tawagar kasar [[Zimbabwe]] da za ta buga wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika.<ref>[[Zambiya|Zambiya]]: [[Zimbabwe]] name serious team for 2018 COSAFA Cup". 15 May 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6hl14ibhr3a80m12c2z16ayvfhalgoy 0 33336 163656 153740 2022-08-04T11:18:29Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=Human Rights First Society (HRFS)<br />جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا|type=|founder=Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb<ref name=USDOSa/>|product=|revenue=|dissolved=}} '''Samuwarta''' 2002; shekara 20 da suka wuce. '''Sugabanta''' Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb '''Manufa''' bayar da shawar-wari '''Mazauninta''' Saudi arabiya '''Dalili''' hanyoyin zaman lafiya '''Shafin yana Gizo''' hrfssaudiarabia.org (English) www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr ( Arabic)}} '''Al'umma ta farko ta haƙƙin ɗan adam''' ( ''HRFS'', {{Lang-ar|جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا}} ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman haɓaka [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] a cikin masarautar [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Saudi Arabiya masu sa ido kan 'yancin ɗan adam, <ref>Saudi Arabia: Briefing on the Current Status of Human Rights and Reform, October 4, 2006</ref> tare da Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Jama'a da Siyasa ta Saudi Arabia, Ƙungiyar Ci Gaba da Sauye da Ƙungiyar Kariya da Tsaro na Mata. Hakkoki a Saudiyya . An ƙaddamar da HRFS ne a matsayin wata kungiya mai sadaukar da kai don kare hakkin dan Adam a Saudiyya bisa [[Musulunci|koyarwar addinin Musulunci]] . HRFS tana tsaye ne don aiwatar da doka, yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya, da kuma kawar da duk wata wariya a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya bisa tushen jinsi ko addini. <ref name="About: The HRFS" /> == Kafa da matsayi == A shekara ta 2002, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Human Rights First Society (HRFS) wanda ya nemi gwamnatin Saudiyya don amincewa da ƙungiyar a doka. Duk da haka, an hana aikace-aikacen. Kodayake ba a ba HRFS matsayin gwamnati ba, {{As of|2009}} , ya kasance ba a san shi ba, amma gwamnati ta yarda ya wanzu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Dokar asali ta Saudiyya ba ta yi magana [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|game da 'yancin yin tarayya ba]], kuma gwamnati ta iyakance wannan haƙƙin a aikace. Gwamnati ta haramta kafa jam’iyyun siyasa ko duk wata kungiya da take ganin tana adawa da gwamnatin ko kuma tana kalubalantar ikon Sarki. Dole ne duk ƙungiyoyi su sami lasisi kuma su bi ƙa'idodinta da ƙa'idodinta. HRFS ba su sami amsa ga buƙatarsu ta lasisin gwamnati ba, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da aiwatar da manufarsu. Da yake kungiyar ba ta da lasisi a hukumance, har yanzu ba a san ko wane irin ayyukan kungiya ne aka halatta ba kuma wanda zai iya fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da lasisi ƙungiyar ba za ta iya tara duk wani kuɗin aiki wanda saboda haka ya iyakance ayyukanta. Duk da haka, ya zuwa 2016, HRFS na ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na zaman kanta a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma har yanzu ƙungiyoyin gwamnati suna sane da su. == Manufar == Manufar HRFS ita ce a ƙarshe ta kare da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Saudi Arabiya. HRFS ta yi imani da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, tare da yin Allah wadai da duk wani wariya ga jinsi ko akidar addini a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya. Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama ta Farko na da nufin sanya ido [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|kan take hakkin bil'adama]] da tallafawa wadanda ake take hakkin dan Adam, ta hanyar amfani da "dukkan hanyoyin lumana don bayar da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Saudiyya tana mutuntawa da kare dukkan hakkokin bil'adama." A cikin cika aikin HRFS na kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma yin Allah wadai da nuna wariya, HRFS na iya fitar da rahotanni ga jami'an Saudiyya a matsayin shawara. Ainihin rahotannin sun zama 'taswirar hanya' kan ko wasu dokoki a Saudiyya sun sabawa yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, ko kuma cewa wadannan dokokin idan akwai su, hukumomin Saudiyya ba sa mutunta su. <ref name="ReferenceA">"Unholy Trespass: How the Saudi Legal Code Violates International Law" Human Rights First Society - Saudi Arabia 2010</ref> Kazalika ba da shawarwari ga jami'ai, HRFS na iya yin maraba da matakan da jami'an gwamnati ke yi don ƙirƙirar wasu ƙarin dokoki. <ref name="ReferenceA" /> == Tsari da jagoranci == Tun daga Maris 2011[sabunta], Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb shine shugaban HRFS.[1] al-Mugaiteb babban mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta farko (Saudi Arabia). Duk da kasancewar an daure shi a baya saboda fafutukar siyasa da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye,[2] al-Mugaiteb na ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma nuna rashin amincewa da wariya. Duk da cewa an hana al-Mugaiteb lasisin da ya ba ƙungiyarsa damar yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar gwamnati, [3] ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan HRFS a cikin Masarautar bisa nasa kasadar kuma ya yi hakan tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da HRFS a 2002. === Tushen Dokar Mulkin Mulki === Mai [[Masu kula da Masallatai biyu|kula da Masallatan Harami guda biyu]], Sarki [[Fahd na Saudi Arabia|Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud]] ya ba da sanarwar Sarauta da ke kunshe da Babban Dokokin Mulki na Saudiyya. Bayan yin la'akari da muradun jama'a da nufin ci gaban jihar, 'Basic Law of Governance' ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Maris 1992. <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Asalin Dokokin Mulki Ka'ida ce mai kama da tsarin mulki bisa fahimtar [[Salafiyya]] ta [[Shari'a]] kuma ba ta ketare [[Musulunci|dokokin Musulunci ba]] . <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Article 26 of the Basic Law of Governance holds that "The State shall protect human rights in accordance with the Sharia". Sharia is the religious legal system governing the members of the [[Musulunci|Islamic faith]]. This article is relevant for the purposes of the HRFS in which it will use all peaceful means to advocate that the Saudi government respects this article in situations where human rights violations may become evident. == Sanarwa da rahotanni == === Zaɓe === Zaben ƙana nan hukumomi na 2005 shi ne na farko da aka gudanar a Saudiyya tun a shekarun 1960. A zaɓen, 'yan ƙasa maza da suka haura shekaru 21 sun sami damar kada kuri'ar rabin 'yan majalisun kananan hukumominsu. A ranar 11 ga Oktoban 2004, Yarima Nayef bin Abd al-Aziz, ministan harkokin cikin gida na Saudiyya, ya sanar da wata jarida ta [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] cewa mata ba za su iya tsayawa takara ba ko kada kuri'a a zaben. A martanin da jami'an hukumar zaben kasar Saudiyya suka yi kan wannan shigar sun nuna damuwarsu ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki bisa wannan dalili kamar rashin rumfunan zabe daban-daban ga mata, kuma mata ba su da katin shaida. Hatoon al-Fassi yana jin cewa gaskiyar jami'an sun ba da dalilai masu amfani na wannan rashin shiga ba tare da dalilai na addini ko jinsi ba shine nasara ga yakin neman zabe na mata Shugaban hukumar ta HRFS, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb, ya bayyana cewa zaben kananan hukumomin Saudiyya na shekarar 2011 ba zai yi matukar tasiri ba idan har aka gudanar da zaben kamar yadda aka gudanar a shekarar 2005, ta yadda ba za a bar mata su shiga ba. Ya ce mafi karancin ka’idojin zaben ya hada da duk membobi da masu zabe za su zaba, mata su shiga, sannan a rage shekarun zabe daga 21 zuwa 18.” === 2011 zanga-zangar Saudiyya === An gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama kan hakkin dan Adam a gaban gine-ginen ma'aikatar gwamnati a kasar Saudiyya a tsawon shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012. Ana ci gaba da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati na neman a saki fursunonin da ake tsare da su ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya ba, ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kotu ba a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma zanga-zangar neman lardin Gabashin kasar ya samu kundin tsarin mulki da majalisa . A tsawon tsawon lokacin da aka shafe ana zanga-zangar, mahukuntan Saudiyya sun bindige wasu masu zanga-zangar sakamakon rera taken nuna adawa da majalisar Saudiyya da ministan harkokin cikin gida, Nayef, inda suka kira su "'yan ta'adda", "masu yanka" da "masu aikata laifuka". A ranar 24 ga Maris, 2011, yayin zanga-zangar Saudiyya ta 2011, HRFS ta ce an kama masu zanga-zangar 100 bayan zanga-zangar 15-18 ga Maris a ciki da kusa da Qatif kuma an azabtar da wasu. Tare da HRFS, kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a da siyasa ta Saudi Arabiya (ACPRA) ta yi kira da a saki wanda ya kafa ACPRA Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi bayan kama shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Buraidah a ranar 21 ga Maris da Hukumar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta yi. Zanga-zangar ta ci gaba da yin kira da a saki wadannan fursunonin, da a janye rundunar tsaron gabar tekun Bahrain daga [[Baharen|Bahrain]], don samun daidaiton wakilci a manyan ofisoshi da kuma yin gyare-gyare a mukaman siyasa, kamar yadda suke jin an ware su. === Rahoton Ketare Mara Kyau === A kokarin inganta da kare doka da kare ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma kawar da nuna wariya a cikin al’ummar kasar Saudiyya, kungiyar HRFS ta shirya wani rahoto kan yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin shari’a a kasar Saudiyya da kuma tasirinta ga ‘yancin al’ummar Saudiyya mai take. "Cikin Zalunci: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya Ke Cin Hakkokin Dan Adam na Duniya" (Rahoton). Rahoton ya ce da yawa daga cikin dokokin da ba a rubuta ba a Saudi Arabiya "suna da matukar koma baya" da kuma "kashewa" ga 'yancin ɗan adam. Ƙasar ƙasa tana da haƙƙin doka don yin biyayya da kafa doka da ta dace da yarjejeniyoyin da ta ƙulla. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga dokar yarjejeniyoyin, ƙasar da ta rattaba hannu amma ba ta amince da wata yarjejeniya ba, wajibi ne ta guji "ayyukan da za su karya manufa da manufar" wannan yarjejeniya. Rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani kan wuraren da kundin dokokin Saudiyya ya saba wa dokar kare hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da: Sa ido da kuma mamaye gidaje, da laifukan ' [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] da tarayya, [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba]] da tsawaita tsarewa, shari'ar sirri da rashin adalci, azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin kisa. hana mata haƙƙin shari'a daidai gwargwado Daga nan kuma rahoton ya tattauna kan yadda waɗannan dokokin ke baiwa gwamnatin Saudiyya babban iko na cin zarafin 'yan ƙasar Saudiyya, tare da ba da kulawa ta musamman ga raunin mata, tsirarun addinai, ma'aikatan ƙaura da yara <ref name="tre" /> A karshe rahoton ya nuna inda gwamnatin Saudiyya ta gaza wajen bin dokokinta na cikin gida wajen gudanar da ayyukanta na musgunawa 'yan kasar ta Saudiyya, da take hakkin bil'adama wanda ita kanta ta yi ikirarin kare hakkin bil'adama da ta yi ikirarin kare a cikin dokokinta wanda kuma ke samun kariya a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa. <ref name="tre" /> == Duba kuma == * Hakkin Dan Adam a Saudiyya * Basic Law of Saudi Arabia == Magana == {{Reflist|31em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://hrfssaudiarabia.org/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Turanci)] * [http://www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Larabci)] * [http://www.middleeasttransparent.com/IMG/pdf/Unholy_Trespass.pdf Cin Zarafi Mai Kyau: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya ke keta Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya] * [https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/saudi-arabia Human Rights Watch: Saudi Arabia] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d3ojlicpzj14ho58dazw9tena8dim0n 163657 163656 2022-08-04T11:19:28Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=Human Rights First Society (HRFS)<br />جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا|type=|founder=Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb<ref name=USDOSa/>|product=|revenue=|dissolved=}} '''Samuwarta''' 2002; shekara 20 da suka wuce.}} '''Sugabanta''' Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb '''Manufa''' bayar da shawar-wari '''Mazauninta''' Saudi arabiya '''Dalili''' hanyoyin zaman lafiya '''Shafin yana Gizo''' hrfssaudiarabia.org (English) www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr ( Arabic)}} '''Al'umma ta farko ta haƙƙin ɗan adam''' ( ''HRFS'', {{Lang-ar|جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا}} ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman haɓaka [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] a cikin masarautar [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Saudi Arabiya masu sa ido kan 'yancin ɗan adam, <ref>Saudi Arabia: Briefing on the Current Status of Human Rights and Reform, October 4, 2006</ref> tare da Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Jama'a da Siyasa ta Saudi Arabia, Ƙungiyar Ci Gaba da Sauye da Ƙungiyar Kariya da Tsaro na Mata. Hakkoki a Saudiyya . An ƙaddamar da HRFS ne a matsayin wata kungiya mai sadaukar da kai don kare hakkin dan Adam a Saudiyya bisa [[Musulunci|koyarwar addinin Musulunci]] . HRFS tana tsaye ne don aiwatar da doka, yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya, da kuma kawar da duk wata wariya a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya bisa tushen jinsi ko addini. <ref name="About: The HRFS" /> == Kafa da matsayi == A shekara ta 2002, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Human Rights First Society (HRFS) wanda ya nemi gwamnatin Saudiyya don amincewa da ƙungiyar a doka. Duk da haka, an hana aikace-aikacen. Kodayake ba a ba HRFS matsayin gwamnati ba, {{As of|2009}} , ya kasance ba a san shi ba, amma gwamnati ta yarda ya wanzu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Dokar asali ta Saudiyya ba ta yi magana [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|game da 'yancin yin tarayya ba]], kuma gwamnati ta iyakance wannan haƙƙin a aikace. Gwamnati ta haramta kafa jam’iyyun siyasa ko duk wata kungiya da take ganin tana adawa da gwamnatin ko kuma tana kalubalantar ikon Sarki. Dole ne duk ƙungiyoyi su sami lasisi kuma su bi ƙa'idodinta da ƙa'idodinta. HRFS ba su sami amsa ga buƙatarsu ta lasisin gwamnati ba, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da aiwatar da manufarsu. Da yake kungiyar ba ta da lasisi a hukumance, har yanzu ba a san ko wane irin ayyukan kungiya ne aka halatta ba kuma wanda zai iya fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da lasisi ƙungiyar ba za ta iya tara duk wani kuɗin aiki wanda saboda haka ya iyakance ayyukanta. Duk da haka, ya zuwa 2016, HRFS na ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na zaman kanta a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma har yanzu ƙungiyoyin gwamnati suna sane da su. == Manufar == Manufar HRFS ita ce a ƙarshe ta kare da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Saudi Arabiya. HRFS ta yi imani da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, tare da yin Allah wadai da duk wani wariya ga jinsi ko akidar addini a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya. Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama ta Farko na da nufin sanya ido [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|kan take hakkin bil'adama]] da tallafawa wadanda ake take hakkin dan Adam, ta hanyar amfani da "dukkan hanyoyin lumana don bayar da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Saudiyya tana mutuntawa da kare dukkan hakkokin bil'adama." A cikin cika aikin HRFS na kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma yin Allah wadai da nuna wariya, HRFS na iya fitar da rahotanni ga jami'an Saudiyya a matsayin shawara. Ainihin rahotannin sun zama 'taswirar hanya' kan ko wasu dokoki a Saudiyya sun sabawa yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, ko kuma cewa wadannan dokokin idan akwai su, hukumomin Saudiyya ba sa mutunta su. <ref name="ReferenceA">"Unholy Trespass: How the Saudi Legal Code Violates International Law" Human Rights First Society - Saudi Arabia 2010</ref> Kazalika ba da shawarwari ga jami'ai, HRFS na iya yin maraba da matakan da jami'an gwamnati ke yi don ƙirƙirar wasu ƙarin dokoki. <ref name="ReferenceA" /> == Tsari da jagoranci == Tun daga Maris 2011[sabunta], Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb shine shugaban HRFS.[1] al-Mugaiteb babban mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta farko (Saudi Arabia). Duk da kasancewar an daure shi a baya saboda fafutukar siyasa da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye,[2] al-Mugaiteb na ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma nuna rashin amincewa da wariya. Duk da cewa an hana al-Mugaiteb lasisin da ya ba ƙungiyarsa damar yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar gwamnati, [3] ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan HRFS a cikin Masarautar bisa nasa kasadar kuma ya yi hakan tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da HRFS a 2002. === Tushen Dokar Mulkin Mulki === Mai [[Masu kula da Masallatai biyu|kula da Masallatan Harami guda biyu]], Sarki [[Fahd na Saudi Arabia|Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud]] ya ba da sanarwar Sarauta da ke kunshe da Babban Dokokin Mulki na Saudiyya. Bayan yin la'akari da muradun jama'a da nufin ci gaban jihar, 'Basic Law of Governance' ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Maris 1992. <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Asalin Dokokin Mulki Ka'ida ce mai kama da tsarin mulki bisa fahimtar [[Salafiyya]] ta [[Shari'a]] kuma ba ta ketare [[Musulunci|dokokin Musulunci ba]] . <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Article 26 of the Basic Law of Governance holds that "The State shall protect human rights in accordance with the Sharia". Sharia is the religious legal system governing the members of the [[Musulunci|Islamic faith]]. This article is relevant for the purposes of the HRFS in which it will use all peaceful means to advocate that the Saudi government respects this article in situations where human rights violations may become evident. == Sanarwa da rahotanni == === Zaɓe === Zaben ƙana nan hukumomi na 2005 shi ne na farko da aka gudanar a Saudiyya tun a shekarun 1960. A zaɓen, 'yan ƙasa maza da suka haura shekaru 21 sun sami damar kada kuri'ar rabin 'yan majalisun kananan hukumominsu. A ranar 11 ga Oktoban 2004, Yarima Nayef bin Abd al-Aziz, ministan harkokin cikin gida na Saudiyya, ya sanar da wata jarida ta [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] cewa mata ba za su iya tsayawa takara ba ko kada kuri'a a zaben. A martanin da jami'an hukumar zaben kasar Saudiyya suka yi kan wannan shigar sun nuna damuwarsu ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki bisa wannan dalili kamar rashin rumfunan zabe daban-daban ga mata, kuma mata ba su da katin shaida. Hatoon al-Fassi yana jin cewa gaskiyar jami'an sun ba da dalilai masu amfani na wannan rashin shiga ba tare da dalilai na addini ko jinsi ba shine nasara ga yakin neman zabe na mata Shugaban hukumar ta HRFS, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb, ya bayyana cewa zaben kananan hukumomin Saudiyya na shekarar 2011 ba zai yi matukar tasiri ba idan har aka gudanar da zaben kamar yadda aka gudanar a shekarar 2005, ta yadda ba za a bar mata su shiga ba. Ya ce mafi karancin ka’idojin zaben ya hada da duk membobi da masu zabe za su zaba, mata su shiga, sannan a rage shekarun zabe daga 21 zuwa 18.” === 2011 zanga-zangar Saudiyya === An gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama kan hakkin dan Adam a gaban gine-ginen ma'aikatar gwamnati a kasar Saudiyya a tsawon shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012. Ana ci gaba da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati na neman a saki fursunonin da ake tsare da su ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya ba, ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kotu ba a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma zanga-zangar neman lardin Gabashin kasar ya samu kundin tsarin mulki da majalisa . A tsawon tsawon lokacin da aka shafe ana zanga-zangar, mahukuntan Saudiyya sun bindige wasu masu zanga-zangar sakamakon rera taken nuna adawa da majalisar Saudiyya da ministan harkokin cikin gida, Nayef, inda suka kira su "'yan ta'adda", "masu yanka" da "masu aikata laifuka". A ranar 24 ga Maris, 2011, yayin zanga-zangar Saudiyya ta 2011, HRFS ta ce an kama masu zanga-zangar 100 bayan zanga-zangar 15-18 ga Maris a ciki da kusa da Qatif kuma an azabtar da wasu. Tare da HRFS, kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a da siyasa ta Saudi Arabiya (ACPRA) ta yi kira da a saki wanda ya kafa ACPRA Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi bayan kama shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Buraidah a ranar 21 ga Maris da Hukumar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta yi. Zanga-zangar ta ci gaba da yin kira da a saki wadannan fursunonin, da a janye rundunar tsaron gabar tekun Bahrain daga [[Baharen|Bahrain]], don samun daidaiton wakilci a manyan ofisoshi da kuma yin gyare-gyare a mukaman siyasa, kamar yadda suke jin an ware su. === Rahoton Ketare Mara Kyau === A kokarin inganta da kare doka da kare ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma kawar da nuna wariya a cikin al’ummar kasar Saudiyya, kungiyar HRFS ta shirya wani rahoto kan yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin shari’a a kasar Saudiyya da kuma tasirinta ga ‘yancin al’ummar Saudiyya mai take. "Cikin Zalunci: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya Ke Cin Hakkokin Dan Adam na Duniya" (Rahoton). Rahoton ya ce da yawa daga cikin dokokin da ba a rubuta ba a Saudi Arabiya "suna da matukar koma baya" da kuma "kashewa" ga 'yancin ɗan adam. Ƙasar ƙasa tana da haƙƙin doka don yin biyayya da kafa doka da ta dace da yarjejeniyoyin da ta ƙulla. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga dokar yarjejeniyoyin, ƙasar da ta rattaba hannu amma ba ta amince da wata yarjejeniya ba, wajibi ne ta guji "ayyukan da za su karya manufa da manufar" wannan yarjejeniya. Rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani kan wuraren da kundin dokokin Saudiyya ya saba wa dokar kare hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da: Sa ido da kuma mamaye gidaje, da laifukan ' [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] da tarayya, [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba]] da tsawaita tsarewa, shari'ar sirri da rashin adalci, azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin kisa. hana mata haƙƙin shari'a daidai gwargwado Daga nan kuma rahoton ya tattauna kan yadda waɗannan dokokin ke baiwa gwamnatin Saudiyya babban iko na cin zarafin 'yan ƙasar Saudiyya, tare da ba da kulawa ta musamman ga raunin mata, tsirarun addinai, ma'aikatan ƙaura da yara <ref name="tre" /> A karshe rahoton ya nuna inda gwamnatin Saudiyya ta gaza wajen bin dokokinta na cikin gida wajen gudanar da ayyukanta na musgunawa 'yan kasar ta Saudiyya, da take hakkin bil'adama wanda ita kanta ta yi ikirarin kare hakkin bil'adama da ta yi ikirarin kare a cikin dokokinta wanda kuma ke samun kariya a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa. <ref name="tre" /> == Duba kuma == * Hakkin Dan Adam a Saudiyya * Basic Law of Saudi Arabia == Magana == {{Reflist|31em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://hrfssaudiarabia.org/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Turanci)] * [http://www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Larabci)] * [http://www.middleeasttransparent.com/IMG/pdf/Unholy_Trespass.pdf Cin Zarafi Mai Kyau: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya ke keta Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya] * [https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/saudi-arabia Human Rights Watch: Saudi Arabia] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9fz0ipf9yx47rzozff8mqdq0h6icpwp 163658 163657 2022-08-04T11:20:23Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=Human Rights First Society (HRFS)<br />جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا|type=|founder=Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb<ref name=USDOSa/>|product=|revenue=|dissolved= '''Samuwarta''' 2002; shekara 20 da suka wuce.}} '''Sugabanta''' Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb '''Manufa''' bayar da shawar-wari '''Mazauninta''' Saudi arabiya '''Dalili''' hanyoyin zaman lafiya '''Shafin yana Gizo''' hrfssaudiarabia.org (English) www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr ( Arabic)}} '''Al'umma ta farko ta haƙƙin ɗan adam''' ( ''HRFS'', {{Lang-ar|جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا}} ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman haɓaka [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] a cikin masarautar [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Saudi Arabiya masu sa ido kan 'yancin ɗan adam, <ref>Saudi Arabia: Briefing on the Current Status of Human Rights and Reform, October 4, 2006</ref> tare da Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Jama'a da Siyasa ta Saudi Arabia, Ƙungiyar Ci Gaba da Sauye da Ƙungiyar Kariya da Tsaro na Mata. Hakkoki a Saudiyya. An ƙaddamar da HRFS ne a matsayin wata kungiya mai sadaukar da kai don kare hakkin dan Adam a Saudiyya bisa [[Musulunci|koyarwar addinin Musulunci]] . HRFS tana tsaye ne don aiwatar da doka, yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya, da kuma kawar da duk wata wariya a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya bisa tushen jinsi ko addini. <ref name="About: The HRFS" /> == Kafa da matsayi == A shekara ta 2002, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Human Rights First Society (HRFS) wanda ya nemi gwamnatin Saudiyya don amincewa da ƙungiyar a doka. Duk da haka, an hana aikace-aikacen. Kodayake ba a ba HRFS matsayin gwamnati ba, {{As of|2009}} , ya kasance ba a san shi ba, amma gwamnati ta yarda ya wanzu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Dokar asali ta Saudiyya ba ta yi magana [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|game da 'yancin yin tarayya ba]], kuma gwamnati ta iyakance wannan haƙƙin a aikace. Gwamnati ta haramta kafa jam’iyyun siyasa ko duk wata kungiya da take ganin tana adawa da gwamnatin ko kuma tana kalubalantar ikon Sarki. Dole ne duk ƙungiyoyi su sami lasisi kuma su bi ƙa'idodinta da ƙa'idodinta. HRFS ba su sami amsa ga buƙatarsu ta lasisin gwamnati ba, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da aiwatar da manufarsu. Da yake kungiyar ba ta da lasisi a hukumance, har yanzu ba a san ko wane irin ayyukan kungiya ne aka halatta ba kuma wanda zai iya fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da lasisi ƙungiyar ba za ta iya tara duk wani kuɗin aiki wanda saboda haka ya iyakance ayyukanta. Duk da haka, ya zuwa 2016, HRFS na ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na zaman kanta a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma har yanzu ƙungiyoyin gwamnati suna sane da su. == Manufar == Manufar HRFS ita ce a ƙarshe ta kare da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Saudi Arabiya. HRFS ta yi imani da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, tare da yin Allah wadai da duk wani wariya ga jinsi ko akidar addini a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya. Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama ta Farko na da nufin sanya ido [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|kan take hakkin bil'adama]] da tallafawa wadanda ake take hakkin dan Adam, ta hanyar amfani da "dukkan hanyoyin lumana don bayar da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Saudiyya tana mutuntawa da kare dukkan hakkokin bil'adama." A cikin cika aikin HRFS na kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma yin Allah wadai da nuna wariya, HRFS na iya fitar da rahotanni ga jami'an Saudiyya a matsayin shawara. Ainihin rahotannin sun zama 'taswirar hanya' kan ko wasu dokoki a Saudiyya sun sabawa yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, ko kuma cewa wadannan dokokin idan akwai su, hukumomin Saudiyya ba sa mutunta su. <ref name="ReferenceA">"Unholy Trespass: How the Saudi Legal Code Violates International Law" Human Rights First Society - Saudi Arabia 2010</ref> Kazalika ba da shawarwari ga jami'ai, HRFS na iya yin maraba da matakan da jami'an gwamnati ke yi don ƙirƙirar wasu ƙarin dokoki. <ref name="ReferenceA" /> == Tsari da jagoranci == Tun daga Maris 2011[sabunta], Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb shine shugaban HRFS.[1] al-Mugaiteb babban mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta farko (Saudi Arabia). Duk da kasancewar an daure shi a baya saboda fafutukar siyasa da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye,[2] al-Mugaiteb na ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma nuna rashin amincewa da wariya. Duk da cewa an hana al-Mugaiteb lasisin da ya ba ƙungiyarsa damar yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar gwamnati, [3] ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan HRFS a cikin Masarautar bisa nasa kasadar kuma ya yi hakan tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da HRFS a 2002. === Tushen Dokar Mulkin Mulki === Mai [[Masu kula da Masallatai biyu|kula da Masallatan Harami guda biyu]], Sarki [[Fahd na Saudi Arabia|Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud]] ya ba da sanarwar Sarauta da ke kunshe da Babban Dokokin Mulki na Saudiyya. Bayan yin la'akari da muradun jama'a da nufin ci gaban jihar, 'Basic Law of Governance' ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Maris 1992. <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Asalin Dokokin Mulki Ka'ida ce mai kama da tsarin mulki bisa fahimtar [[Salafiyya]] ta [[Shari'a]] kuma ba ta ketare [[Musulunci|dokokin Musulunci ba]] . <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Article 26 of the Basic Law of Governance holds that "The State shall protect human rights in accordance with the Sharia". Sharia is the religious legal system governing the members of the [[Musulunci|Islamic faith]]. This article is relevant for the purposes of the HRFS in which it will use all peaceful means to advocate that the Saudi government respects this article in situations where human rights violations may become evident. == Sanarwa da rahotanni == === Zaɓe === Zaben ƙana nan hukumomi na 2005 shi ne na farko da aka gudanar a Saudiyya tun a shekarun 1960. A zaɓen, 'yan ƙasa maza da suka haura shekaru 21 sun sami damar kada kuri'ar rabin 'yan majalisun kananan hukumominsu. A ranar 11 ga Oktoban 2004, Yarima Nayef bin Abd al-Aziz, ministan harkokin cikin gida na Saudiyya, ya sanar da wata jarida ta [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] cewa mata ba za su iya tsayawa takara ba ko kada kuri'a a zaben. A martanin da jami'an hukumar zaben kasar Saudiyya suka yi kan wannan shigar sun nuna damuwarsu ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki bisa wannan dalili kamar rashin rumfunan zabe daban-daban ga mata, kuma mata ba su da katin shaida. Hatoon al-Fassi yana jin cewa gaskiyar jami'an sun ba da dalilai masu amfani na wannan rashin shiga ba tare da dalilai na addini ko jinsi ba shine nasara ga yakin neman zabe na mata Shugaban hukumar ta HRFS, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb, ya bayyana cewa zaben kananan hukumomin Saudiyya na shekarar 2011 ba zai yi matukar tasiri ba idan har aka gudanar da zaben kamar yadda aka gudanar a shekarar 2005, ta yadda ba za a bar mata su shiga ba. Ya ce mafi karancin ka’idojin zaben ya hada da duk membobi da masu zabe za su zaba, mata su shiga, sannan a rage shekarun zabe daga 21 zuwa 18.” === 2011 zanga-zangar Saudiyya === An gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama kan hakkin dan Adam a gaban gine-ginen ma'aikatar gwamnati a kasar Saudiyya a tsawon shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012. Ana ci gaba da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati na neman a saki fursunonin da ake tsare da su ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya ba, ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kotu ba a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma zanga-zangar neman lardin Gabashin kasar ya samu kundin tsarin mulki da majalisa . A tsawon tsawon lokacin da aka shafe ana zanga-zangar, mahukuntan Saudiyya sun bindige wasu masu zanga-zangar sakamakon rera taken nuna adawa da majalisar Saudiyya da ministan harkokin cikin gida, Nayef, inda suka kira su "'yan ta'adda", "masu yanka" da "masu aikata laifuka". A ranar 24 ga Maris, 2011, yayin zanga-zangar Saudiyya ta 2011, HRFS ta ce an kama masu zanga-zangar 100 bayan zanga-zangar 15-18 ga Maris a ciki da kusa da Qatif kuma an azabtar da wasu. Tare da HRFS, kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a da siyasa ta Saudi Arabiya (ACPRA) ta yi kira da a saki wanda ya kafa ACPRA Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi bayan kama shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Buraidah a ranar 21 ga Maris da Hukumar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta yi. Zanga-zangar ta ci gaba da yin kira da a saki wadannan fursunonin, da a janye rundunar tsaron gabar tekun Bahrain daga [[Baharen|Bahrain]], don samun daidaiton wakilci a manyan ofisoshi da kuma yin gyare-gyare a mukaman siyasa, kamar yadda suke jin an ware su. === Rahoton Ketare Mara Kyau === A kokarin inganta da kare doka da kare ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma kawar da nuna wariya a cikin al’ummar kasar Saudiyya, kungiyar HRFS ta shirya wani rahoto kan yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin shari’a a kasar Saudiyya da kuma tasirinta ga ‘yancin al’ummar Saudiyya mai take. "Cikin Zalunci: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya Ke Cin Hakkokin Dan Adam na Duniya" (Rahoton). Rahoton ya ce da yawa daga cikin dokokin da ba a rubuta ba a Saudi Arabiya "suna da matukar koma baya" da kuma "kashewa" ga 'yancin ɗan adam. Ƙasar ƙasa tana da haƙƙin doka don yin biyayya da kafa doka da ta dace da yarjejeniyoyin da ta ƙulla. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga dokar yarjejeniyoyin, ƙasar da ta rattaba hannu amma ba ta amince da wata yarjejeniya ba, wajibi ne ta guji "ayyukan da za su karya manufa da manufar" wannan yarjejeniya. Rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani kan wuraren da kundin dokokin Saudiyya ya saba wa dokar kare hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da: Sa ido da kuma mamaye gidaje, da laifukan ' [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] da tarayya, [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba]] da tsawaita tsarewa, shari'ar sirri da rashin adalci, azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin kisa. hana mata haƙƙin shari'a daidai gwargwado Daga nan kuma rahoton ya tattauna kan yadda waɗannan dokokin ke baiwa gwamnatin Saudiyya babban iko na cin zarafin 'yan ƙasar Saudiyya, tare da ba da kulawa ta musamman ga raunin mata, tsirarun addinai, ma'aikatan ƙaura da yara <ref name="tre" /> A karshe rahoton ya nuna inda gwamnatin Saudiyya ta gaza wajen bin dokokinta na cikin gida wajen gudanar da ayyukanta na musgunawa 'yan kasar ta Saudiyya, da take hakkin bil'adama wanda ita kanta ta yi ikirarin kare hakkin bil'adama da ta yi ikirarin kare a cikin dokokinta wanda kuma ke samun kariya a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa. <ref name="tre" /> == Duba kuma == * Hakkin Dan Adam a Saudiyya * Basic Law of Saudi Arabia == Magana == {{Reflist|31em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://hrfssaudiarabia.org/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Turanci)] * [http://www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Larabci)] * [http://www.middleeasttransparent.com/IMG/pdf/Unholy_Trespass.pdf Cin Zarafi Mai Kyau: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya ke keta Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya] * [https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/saudi-arabia Human Rights Watch: Saudi Arabia] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6rtgvmh1zr4x9qxyzg35o8qbkvh1lia 163659 163658 2022-08-04T11:22:30Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=Human Rights First Society (HRFS)<br />جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا|type=|founder=Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb<ref name=USDOSa/>|product=|revenue=|dissolved='''Manufa''' bayar da shawar-wari= '''Dalili''' hanyoyin zaman lafiya= '''Shafin yana Gizo''' hrfssaudiarabia.org (English) www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr ( Arabic)= '''Samuwarta''' 2002; shekara 20 da suka wuce.}} '''Sugabanta''' Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb '''Mazauninta''' Saudi arabiya '''Al'umma ta farko ta haƙƙin ɗan adam''' ( ''HRFS'', {{Lang-ar|جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا}} ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman haɓaka [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] a cikin masarautar [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Saudi Arabiya masu sa ido kan 'yancin ɗan adam, <ref>Saudi Arabia: Briefing on the Current Status of Human Rights and Reform, October 4, 2006</ref> tare da Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Jama'a da Siyasa ta Saudi Arabia, Ƙungiyar Ci Gaba da Sauye da Ƙungiyar Kariya da Tsaro na Mata. Hakkoki a Saudiyya. An ƙaddamar da HRFS ne a matsayin wata kungiya mai sadaukar da kai don kare hakkin dan Adam a Saudiyya bisa [[Musulunci|koyarwar addinin Musulunci]] . HRFS tana tsaye ne don aiwatar da doka, yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya, da kuma kawar da duk wata wariya a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya bisa tushen jinsi ko addini. <ref name="About: The HRFS" /> == Kafa da matsayi == A shekara ta 2002, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Human Rights First Society (HRFS) wanda ya nemi gwamnatin Saudiyya don amincewa da ƙungiyar a doka. Duk da haka, an hana aikace-aikacen. Kodayake ba a ba HRFS matsayin gwamnati ba, {{As of|2009}} , ya kasance ba a san shi ba, amma gwamnati ta yarda ya wanzu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Dokar asali ta Saudiyya ba ta yi magana [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|game da 'yancin yin tarayya ba]], kuma gwamnati ta iyakance wannan haƙƙin a aikace. Gwamnati ta haramta kafa jam’iyyun siyasa ko duk wata kungiya da take ganin tana adawa da gwamnatin ko kuma tana kalubalantar ikon Sarki. Dole ne duk ƙungiyoyi su sami lasisi kuma su bi ƙa'idodinta da ƙa'idodinta. HRFS ba su sami amsa ga buƙatarsu ta lasisin gwamnati ba, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da aiwatar da manufarsu. Da yake kungiyar ba ta da lasisi a hukumance, har yanzu ba a san ko wane irin ayyukan kungiya ne aka halatta ba kuma wanda zai iya fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da lasisi ƙungiyar ba za ta iya tara duk wani kuɗin aiki wanda saboda haka ya iyakance ayyukanta. Duk da haka, ya zuwa 2016, HRFS na ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na zaman kanta a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma har yanzu ƙungiyoyin gwamnati suna sane da su. == Manufar == Manufar HRFS ita ce a ƙarshe ta kare da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Saudi Arabiya. HRFS ta yi imani da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, tare da yin Allah wadai da duk wani wariya ga jinsi ko akidar addini a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya. Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama ta Farko na da nufin sanya ido [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|kan take hakkin bil'adama]] da tallafawa wadanda ake take hakkin dan Adam, ta hanyar amfani da "dukkan hanyoyin lumana don bayar da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Saudiyya tana mutuntawa da kare dukkan hakkokin bil'adama." A cikin cika aikin HRFS na kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma yin Allah wadai da nuna wariya, HRFS na iya fitar da rahotanni ga jami'an Saudiyya a matsayin shawara. Ainihin rahotannin sun zama 'taswirar hanya' kan ko wasu dokoki a Saudiyya sun sabawa yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, ko kuma cewa wadannan dokokin idan akwai su, hukumomin Saudiyya ba sa mutunta su. <ref name="ReferenceA">"Unholy Trespass: How the Saudi Legal Code Violates International Law" Human Rights First Society - Saudi Arabia 2010</ref> Kazalika ba da shawarwari ga jami'ai, HRFS na iya yin maraba da matakan da jami'an gwamnati ke yi don ƙirƙirar wasu ƙarin dokoki. <ref name="ReferenceA" /> == Tsari da jagoranci == Tun daga Maris 2011[sabunta], Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb shine shugaban HRFS.[1] al-Mugaiteb babban mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta farko (Saudi Arabia). Duk da kasancewar an daure shi a baya saboda fafutukar siyasa da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye,[2] al-Mugaiteb na ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma nuna rashin amincewa da wariya. Duk da cewa an hana al-Mugaiteb lasisin da ya ba ƙungiyarsa damar yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar gwamnati, [3] ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan HRFS a cikin Masarautar bisa nasa kasadar kuma ya yi hakan tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da HRFS a 2002. === Tushen Dokar Mulkin Mulki === Mai [[Masu kula da Masallatai biyu|kula da Masallatan Harami guda biyu]], Sarki [[Fahd na Saudi Arabia|Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud]] ya ba da sanarwar Sarauta da ke kunshe da Babban Dokokin Mulki na Saudiyya. Bayan yin la'akari da muradun jama'a da nufin ci gaban jihar, 'Basic Law of Governance' ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Maris 1992. <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Asalin Dokokin Mulki Ka'ida ce mai kama da tsarin mulki bisa fahimtar [[Salafiyya]] ta [[Shari'a]] kuma ba ta ketare [[Musulunci|dokokin Musulunci ba]] . <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Article 26 of the Basic Law of Governance holds that "The State shall protect human rights in accordance with the Sharia". Sharia is the religious legal system governing the members of the [[Musulunci|Islamic faith]]. This article is relevant for the purposes of the HRFS in which it will use all peaceful means to advocate that the Saudi government respects this article in situations where human rights violations may become evident. == Sanarwa da rahotanni == === Zaɓe === Zaben ƙana nan hukumomi na 2005 shi ne na farko da aka gudanar a Saudiyya tun a shekarun 1960. A zaɓen, 'yan ƙasa maza da suka haura shekaru 21 sun sami damar kada kuri'ar rabin 'yan majalisun kananan hukumominsu. A ranar 11 ga Oktoban 2004, Yarima Nayef bin Abd al-Aziz, ministan harkokin cikin gida na Saudiyya, ya sanar da wata jarida ta [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] cewa mata ba za su iya tsayawa takara ba ko kada kuri'a a zaben. A martanin da jami'an hukumar zaben kasar Saudiyya suka yi kan wannan shigar sun nuna damuwarsu ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki bisa wannan dalili kamar rashin rumfunan zabe daban-daban ga mata, kuma mata ba su da katin shaida. Hatoon al-Fassi yana jin cewa gaskiyar jami'an sun ba da dalilai masu amfani na wannan rashin shiga ba tare da dalilai na addini ko jinsi ba shine nasara ga yakin neman zabe na mata Shugaban hukumar ta HRFS, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb, ya bayyana cewa zaben kananan hukumomin Saudiyya na shekarar 2011 ba zai yi matukar tasiri ba idan har aka gudanar da zaben kamar yadda aka gudanar a shekarar 2005, ta yadda ba za a bar mata su shiga ba. Ya ce mafi karancin ka’idojin zaben ya hada da duk membobi da masu zabe za su zaba, mata su shiga, sannan a rage shekarun zabe daga 21 zuwa 18.” === 2011 zanga-zangar Saudiyya === An gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama kan hakkin dan Adam a gaban gine-ginen ma'aikatar gwamnati a kasar Saudiyya a tsawon shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012. Ana ci gaba da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati na neman a saki fursunonin da ake tsare da su ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya ba, ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kotu ba a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma zanga-zangar neman lardin Gabashin kasar ya samu kundin tsarin mulki da majalisa . A tsawon tsawon lokacin da aka shafe ana zanga-zangar, mahukuntan Saudiyya sun bindige wasu masu zanga-zangar sakamakon rera taken nuna adawa da majalisar Saudiyya da ministan harkokin cikin gida, Nayef, inda suka kira su "'yan ta'adda", "masu yanka" da "masu aikata laifuka". A ranar 24 ga Maris, 2011, yayin zanga-zangar Saudiyya ta 2011, HRFS ta ce an kama masu zanga-zangar 100 bayan zanga-zangar 15-18 ga Maris a ciki da kusa da Qatif kuma an azabtar da wasu. Tare da HRFS, kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a da siyasa ta Saudi Arabiya (ACPRA) ta yi kira da a saki wanda ya kafa ACPRA Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi bayan kama shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Buraidah a ranar 21 ga Maris da Hukumar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta yi. Zanga-zangar ta ci gaba da yin kira da a saki wadannan fursunonin, da a janye rundunar tsaron gabar tekun Bahrain daga [[Baharen|Bahrain]], don samun daidaiton wakilci a manyan ofisoshi da kuma yin gyare-gyare a mukaman siyasa, kamar yadda suke jin an ware su. === Rahoton Ketare Mara Kyau === A kokarin inganta da kare doka da kare ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma kawar da nuna wariya a cikin al’ummar kasar Saudiyya, kungiyar HRFS ta shirya wani rahoto kan yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin shari’a a kasar Saudiyya da kuma tasirinta ga ‘yancin al’ummar Saudiyya mai take. "Cikin Zalunci: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya Ke Cin Hakkokin Dan Adam na Duniya" (Rahoton). Rahoton ya ce da yawa daga cikin dokokin da ba a rubuta ba a Saudi Arabiya "suna da matukar koma baya" da kuma "kashewa" ga 'yancin ɗan adam. Ƙasar ƙasa tana da haƙƙin doka don yin biyayya da kafa doka da ta dace da yarjejeniyoyin da ta ƙulla. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga dokar yarjejeniyoyin, ƙasar da ta rattaba hannu amma ba ta amince da wata yarjejeniya ba, wajibi ne ta guji "ayyukan da za su karya manufa da manufar" wannan yarjejeniya. Rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani kan wuraren da kundin dokokin Saudiyya ya saba wa dokar kare hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da: Sa ido da kuma mamaye gidaje, da laifukan ' [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] da tarayya, [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba]] da tsawaita tsarewa, shari'ar sirri da rashin adalci, azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin kisa. hana mata haƙƙin shari'a daidai gwargwado Daga nan kuma rahoton ya tattauna kan yadda waɗannan dokokin ke baiwa gwamnatin Saudiyya babban iko na cin zarafin 'yan ƙasar Saudiyya, tare da ba da kulawa ta musamman ga raunin mata, tsirarun addinai, ma'aikatan ƙaura da yara <ref name="tre" /> A karshe rahoton ya nuna inda gwamnatin Saudiyya ta gaza wajen bin dokokinta na cikin gida wajen gudanar da ayyukanta na musgunawa 'yan kasar ta Saudiyya, da take hakkin bil'adama wanda ita kanta ta yi ikirarin kare hakkin bil'adama da ta yi ikirarin kare a cikin dokokinta wanda kuma ke samun kariya a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa. <ref name="tre" /> == Duba kuma == * Hakkin Dan Adam a Saudiyya * Basic Law of Saudi Arabia == Magana == {{Reflist|31em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://hrfssaudiarabia.org/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Turanci)] * [http://www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Larabci)] * [http://www.middleeasttransparent.com/IMG/pdf/Unholy_Trespass.pdf Cin Zarafi Mai Kyau: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya ke keta Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya] * [https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/saudi-arabia Human Rights Watch: Saudi Arabia] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8bfkgyfp7lj4lhcix6roa4wo3uuvnex 163663 163659 2022-08-04T11:26:22Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=Human Rights First Society (HRFS)<br />جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا|type=|founder=Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb<ref name=USDOSa/>|product=|revenue=|Manufa= bayar da shawar-wari|Dalili= hanyoyin zaman lafiya|Shafin yana Gizo= hrfssaudiarabia.org (English) www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr ( Arabic)|Samuwarta= 2002; shekara 20 da suka wuce.}} '''Sugabanta''' Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb '''Mazauninta''' Saudi arabiya '''Al'umma ta farko ta haƙƙin ɗan adam''' ( ''HRFS'', {{Lang-ar|جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا}} ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman haɓaka [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] a cikin masarautar [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Saudi Arabiya masu sa ido kan 'yancin ɗan adam, <ref>Saudi Arabia: Briefing on the Current Status of Human Rights and Reform, October 4, 2006</ref> tare da Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Jama'a da Siyasa ta Saudi Arabia, Ƙungiyar Ci Gaba da Sauye da Ƙungiyar Kariya da Tsaro na Mata. Hakkoki a Saudiyya. An ƙaddamar da HRFS ne a matsayin wata kungiya mai sadaukar da kai don kare hakkin dan Adam a Saudiyya bisa [[Musulunci|koyarwar addinin Musulunci]] . HRFS tana tsaye ne don aiwatar da doka, yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya, da kuma kawar da duk wata wariya a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya bisa tushen jinsi ko addini. <ref name="About: The HRFS" /> == Kafa da matsayi == A shekara ta 2002, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Human Rights First Society (HRFS) wanda ya nemi gwamnatin Saudiyya don amincewa da ƙungiyar a doka. Duk da haka, an hana aikace-aikacen. Kodayake ba a ba HRFS matsayin gwamnati ba, {{As of|2009}} , ya kasance ba a san shi ba, amma gwamnati ta yarda ya wanzu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Dokar asali ta Saudiyya ba ta yi magana [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|game da 'yancin yin tarayya ba]], kuma gwamnati ta iyakance wannan haƙƙin a aikace. Gwamnati ta haramta kafa jam’iyyun siyasa ko duk wata kungiya da take ganin tana adawa da gwamnatin ko kuma tana kalubalantar ikon Sarki. Dole ne duk ƙungiyoyi su sami lasisi kuma su bi ƙa'idodinta da ƙa'idodinta. HRFS ba su sami amsa ga buƙatarsu ta lasisin gwamnati ba, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da aiwatar da manufarsu. Da yake kungiyar ba ta da lasisi a hukumance, har yanzu ba a san ko wane irin ayyukan kungiya ne aka halatta ba kuma wanda zai iya fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da lasisi ƙungiyar ba za ta iya tara duk wani kuɗin aiki wanda saboda haka ya iyakance ayyukanta. Duk da haka, ya zuwa 2016, HRFS na ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na zaman kanta a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma har yanzu ƙungiyoyin gwamnati suna sane da su. == Manufar == Manufar HRFS ita ce a ƙarshe ta kare da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Saudi Arabiya. HRFS ta yi imani da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, tare da yin Allah wadai da duk wani wariya ga jinsi ko akidar addini a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya. Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama ta Farko na da nufin sanya ido [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|kan take hakkin bil'adama]] da tallafawa wadanda ake take hakkin dan Adam, ta hanyar amfani da "dukkan hanyoyin lumana don bayar da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Saudiyya tana mutuntawa da kare dukkan hakkokin bil'adama." A cikin cika aikin HRFS na kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma yin Allah wadai da nuna wariya, HRFS na iya fitar da rahotanni ga jami'an Saudiyya a matsayin shawara. Ainihin rahotannin sun zama 'taswirar hanya' kan ko wasu dokoki a Saudiyya sun sabawa yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, ko kuma cewa wadannan dokokin idan akwai su, hukumomin Saudiyya ba sa mutunta su. <ref name="ReferenceA">"Unholy Trespass: How the Saudi Legal Code Violates International Law" Human Rights First Society - Saudi Arabia 2010</ref> Kazalika ba da shawarwari ga jami'ai, HRFS na iya yin maraba da matakan da jami'an gwamnati ke yi don ƙirƙirar wasu ƙarin dokoki. <ref name="ReferenceA" /> == Tsari da jagoranci == Tun daga Maris 2011[sabunta], Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb shine shugaban HRFS.[1] al-Mugaiteb babban mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta farko (Saudi Arabia). Duk da kasancewar an daure shi a baya saboda fafutukar siyasa da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye,[2] al-Mugaiteb na ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma nuna rashin amincewa da wariya. Duk da cewa an hana al-Mugaiteb lasisin da ya ba ƙungiyarsa damar yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar gwamnati, [3] ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan HRFS a cikin Masarautar bisa nasa kasadar kuma ya yi hakan tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da HRFS a 2002. === Tushen Dokar Mulkin Mulki === Mai [[Masu kula da Masallatai biyu|kula da Masallatan Harami guda biyu]], Sarki [[Fahd na Saudi Arabia|Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud]] ya ba da sanarwar Sarauta da ke kunshe da Babban Dokokin Mulki na Saudiyya. Bayan yin la'akari da muradun jama'a da nufin ci gaban jihar, 'Basic Law of Governance' ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Maris 1992. <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Asalin Dokokin Mulki Ka'ida ce mai kama da tsarin mulki bisa fahimtar [[Salafiyya]] ta [[Shari'a]] kuma ba ta ketare [[Musulunci|dokokin Musulunci ba]] . <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Article 26 of the Basic Law of Governance holds that "The State shall protect human rights in accordance with the Sharia". Sharia is the religious legal system governing the members of the [[Musulunci|Islamic faith]]. This article is relevant for the purposes of the HRFS in which it will use all peaceful means to advocate that the Saudi government respects this article in situations where human rights violations may become evident. == Sanarwa da rahotanni == === Zaɓe === Zaben ƙana nan hukumomi na 2005 shi ne na farko da aka gudanar a Saudiyya tun a shekarun 1960. A zaɓen, 'yan ƙasa maza da suka haura shekaru 21 sun sami damar kada kuri'ar rabin 'yan majalisun kananan hukumominsu. A ranar 11 ga Oktoban 2004, Yarima Nayef bin Abd al-Aziz, ministan harkokin cikin gida na Saudiyya, ya sanar da wata jarida ta [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] cewa mata ba za su iya tsayawa takara ba ko kada kuri'a a zaben. A martanin da jami'an hukumar zaben kasar Saudiyya suka yi kan wannan shigar sun nuna damuwarsu ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki bisa wannan dalili kamar rashin rumfunan zabe daban-daban ga mata, kuma mata ba su da katin shaida. Hatoon al-Fassi yana jin cewa gaskiyar jami'an sun ba da dalilai masu amfani na wannan rashin shiga ba tare da dalilai na addini ko jinsi ba shine nasara ga yakin neman zabe na mata Shugaban hukumar ta HRFS, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb, ya bayyana cewa zaben kananan hukumomin Saudiyya na shekarar 2011 ba zai yi matukar tasiri ba idan har aka gudanar da zaben kamar yadda aka gudanar a shekarar 2005, ta yadda ba za a bar mata su shiga ba. Ya ce mafi karancin ka’idojin zaben ya hada da duk membobi da masu zabe za su zaba, mata su shiga, sannan a rage shekarun zabe daga 21 zuwa 18.” === 2011 zanga-zangar Saudiyya === An gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama kan hakkin dan Adam a gaban gine-ginen ma'aikatar gwamnati a kasar Saudiyya a tsawon shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012. Ana ci gaba da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati na neman a saki fursunonin da ake tsare da su ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya ba, ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kotu ba a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma zanga-zangar neman lardin Gabashin kasar ya samu kundin tsarin mulki da majalisa . A tsawon tsawon lokacin da aka shafe ana zanga-zangar, mahukuntan Saudiyya sun bindige wasu masu zanga-zangar sakamakon rera taken nuna adawa da majalisar Saudiyya da ministan harkokin cikin gida, Nayef, inda suka kira su "'yan ta'adda", "masu yanka" da "masu aikata laifuka". A ranar 24 ga Maris, 2011, yayin zanga-zangar Saudiyya ta 2011, HRFS ta ce an kama masu zanga-zangar 100 bayan zanga-zangar 15-18 ga Maris a ciki da kusa da Qatif kuma an azabtar da wasu. Tare da HRFS, kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a da siyasa ta Saudi Arabiya (ACPRA) ta yi kira da a saki wanda ya kafa ACPRA Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi bayan kama shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Buraidah a ranar 21 ga Maris da Hukumar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta yi. Zanga-zangar ta ci gaba da yin kira da a saki wadannan fursunonin, da a janye rundunar tsaron gabar tekun Bahrain daga [[Baharen|Bahrain]], don samun daidaiton wakilci a manyan ofisoshi da kuma yin gyare-gyare a mukaman siyasa, kamar yadda suke jin an ware su. === Rahoton Ketare Mara Kyau === A kokarin inganta da kare doka da kare ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma kawar da nuna wariya a cikin al’ummar kasar Saudiyya, kungiyar HRFS ta shirya wani rahoto kan yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin shari’a a kasar Saudiyya da kuma tasirinta ga ‘yancin al’ummar Saudiyya mai take. "Cikin Zalunci: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya Ke Cin Hakkokin Dan Adam na Duniya" (Rahoton). Rahoton ya ce da yawa daga cikin dokokin da ba a rubuta ba a Saudi Arabiya "suna da matukar koma baya" da kuma "kashewa" ga 'yancin ɗan adam. Ƙasar ƙasa tana da haƙƙin doka don yin biyayya da kafa doka da ta dace da yarjejeniyoyin da ta ƙulla. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga dokar yarjejeniyoyin, ƙasar da ta rattaba hannu amma ba ta amince da wata yarjejeniya ba, wajibi ne ta guji "ayyukan da za su karya manufa da manufar" wannan yarjejeniya. Rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani kan wuraren da kundin dokokin Saudiyya ya saba wa dokar kare hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da: Sa ido da kuma mamaye gidaje, da laifukan ' [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] da tarayya, [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba]] da tsawaita tsarewa, shari'ar sirri da rashin adalci, azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin kisa. hana mata haƙƙin shari'a daidai gwargwado Daga nan kuma rahoton ya tattauna kan yadda waɗannan dokokin ke baiwa gwamnatin Saudiyya babban iko na cin zarafin 'yan ƙasar Saudiyya, tare da ba da kulawa ta musamman ga raunin mata, tsirarun addinai, ma'aikatan ƙaura da yara <ref name="tre" /> A karshe rahoton ya nuna inda gwamnatin Saudiyya ta gaza wajen bin dokokinta na cikin gida wajen gudanar da ayyukanta na musgunawa 'yan kasar ta Saudiyya, da take hakkin bil'adama wanda ita kanta ta yi ikirarin kare hakkin bil'adama da ta yi ikirarin kare a cikin dokokinta wanda kuma ke samun kariya a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa. <ref name="tre" /> == Duba kuma == * Hakkin Dan Adam a Saudiyya * Basic Law of Saudi Arabia == Magana == {{Reflist|31em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://hrfssaudiarabia.org/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Turanci)] * [http://www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Larabci)] * [http://www.middleeasttransparent.com/IMG/pdf/Unholy_Trespass.pdf Cin Zarafi Mai Kyau: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya ke keta Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya] * [https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/saudi-arabia Human Rights Watch: Saudi Arabia] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k2nf89vbseunkd9mu0ltfrdsx41akew 163667 163663 2022-08-04T11:29:17Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=Human Rights First Society (HRFS)<br />جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا|type=bayar da shawar-wari|founder=Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb<ref name=USDOSa/>|product=|revenue=|Dalili=hanyoyin zaman lafiya|Shafin yana Gizo= hrfssaudiarabia.org (English) www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr ( Arabic)|Samuwarta= 2002; shekara 20 da suka wuce.}} '''Sugabanta''' Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb '''Mazauninta''' Saudi arabiya '''Al'umma ta farko ta haƙƙin ɗan adam''' ( ''HRFS'', {{Lang-ar|جمعية حقوق الإنسان أولا}} ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman haɓaka [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] a cikin masarautar [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Yana daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Saudi Arabiya masu sa ido kan 'yancin ɗan adam, <ref>Saudi Arabia: Briefing on the Current Status of Human Rights and Reform, October 4, 2006</ref> tare da Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Jama'a da Siyasa ta Saudi Arabia, Ƙungiyar Ci Gaba da Sauye da Ƙungiyar Kariya da Tsaro na Mata. Hakkoki a Saudiyya. An ƙaddamar da HRFS ne a matsayin wata kungiya mai sadaukar da kai don kare hakkin dan Adam a Saudiyya bisa [[Musulunci|koyarwar addinin Musulunci]] . HRFS tana tsaye ne don aiwatar da doka, yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya, da kuma kawar da duk wata wariya a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya bisa tushen jinsi ko addini. <ref name="About: The HRFS" /> == Kafa da matsayi == A shekara ta 2002, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Human Rights First Society (HRFS) wanda ya nemi gwamnatin Saudiyya don amincewa da ƙungiyar a doka. Duk da haka, an hana aikace-aikacen. Kodayake ba a ba HRFS matsayin gwamnati ba, {{As of|2009}} , ya kasance ba a san shi ba, amma gwamnati ta yarda ya wanzu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Dokar asali ta Saudiyya ba ta yi magana [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|game da 'yancin yin tarayya ba]], kuma gwamnati ta iyakance wannan haƙƙin a aikace. Gwamnati ta haramta kafa jam’iyyun siyasa ko duk wata kungiya da take ganin tana adawa da gwamnatin ko kuma tana kalubalantar ikon Sarki. Dole ne duk ƙungiyoyi su sami lasisi kuma su bi ƙa'idodinta da ƙa'idodinta. HRFS ba su sami amsa ga buƙatarsu ta lasisin gwamnati ba, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da aiwatar da manufarsu. Da yake kungiyar ba ta da lasisi a hukumance, har yanzu ba a san ko wane irin ayyukan kungiya ne aka halatta ba kuma wanda zai iya fuskantar hukunci daga gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, ba tare da lasisi ƙungiyar ba za ta iya tara duk wani kuɗin aiki wanda saboda haka ya iyakance ayyukanta. Duk da haka, ya zuwa 2016, HRFS na ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na zaman kanta a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma har yanzu ƙungiyoyin gwamnati suna sane da su. == Manufar == Manufar HRFS ita ce a ƙarshe ta kare da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Saudi Arabiya. HRFS ta yi imani da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya, tare da yin Allah wadai da duk wani wariya ga jinsi ko akidar addini a cikin al'ummar Saudiyya. Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil'adama ta Farko na da nufin sanya ido [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|kan take hakkin bil'adama]] da tallafawa wadanda ake take hakkin dan Adam, ta hanyar amfani da "dukkan hanyoyin lumana don bayar da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Saudiyya tana mutuntawa da kare dukkan hakkokin bil'adama." A cikin cika aikin HRFS na kare 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma yin Allah wadai da nuna wariya, HRFS na iya fitar da rahotanni ga jami'an Saudiyya a matsayin shawara. Ainihin rahotannin sun zama 'taswirar hanya' kan ko wasu dokoki a Saudiyya sun sabawa yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, ko kuma cewa wadannan dokokin idan akwai su, hukumomin Saudiyya ba sa mutunta su. <ref name="ReferenceA">"Unholy Trespass: How the Saudi Legal Code Violates International Law" Human Rights First Society - Saudi Arabia 2010</ref> Kazalika ba da shawarwari ga jami'ai, HRFS na iya yin maraba da matakan da jami'an gwamnati ke yi don ƙirƙirar wasu ƙarin dokoki. <ref name="ReferenceA" /> == Tsari da jagoranci == Tun daga Maris 2011[sabunta], Ibrahim al-Mugaiteb shine shugaban HRFS.[1] al-Mugaiteb babban mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta farko (Saudi Arabia). Duk da kasancewar an daure shi a baya saboda fafutukar siyasa da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye,[2] al-Mugaiteb na ci gaba da yin Allah wadai da cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma nuna rashin amincewa da wariya. Duk da cewa an hana al-Mugaiteb lasisin da ya ba ƙungiyarsa damar yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar gwamnati, [3] ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan HRFS a cikin Masarautar bisa nasa kasadar kuma ya yi hakan tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da HRFS a 2002. === Tushen Dokar Mulkin Mulki === Mai [[Masu kula da Masallatai biyu|kula da Masallatan Harami guda biyu]], Sarki [[Fahd na Saudi Arabia|Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud]] ya ba da sanarwar Sarauta da ke kunshe da Babban Dokokin Mulki na Saudiyya. Bayan yin la'akari da muradun jama'a da nufin ci gaban jihar, 'Basic Law of Governance' ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Maris 1992. <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Asalin Dokokin Mulki Ka'ida ce mai kama da tsarin mulki bisa fahimtar [[Salafiyya]] ta [[Shari'a]] kuma ba ta ketare [[Musulunci|dokokin Musulunci ba]] . <ref name="The Basic Law of Governance" /> Article 26 of the Basic Law of Governance holds that "The State shall protect human rights in accordance with the Sharia". Sharia is the religious legal system governing the members of the [[Musulunci|Islamic faith]]. This article is relevant for the purposes of the HRFS in which it will use all peaceful means to advocate that the Saudi government respects this article in situations where human rights violations may become evident. == Sanarwa da rahotanni == === Zaɓe === Zaben ƙana nan hukumomi na 2005 shi ne na farko da aka gudanar a Saudiyya tun a shekarun 1960. A zaɓen, 'yan ƙasa maza da suka haura shekaru 21 sun sami damar kada kuri'ar rabin 'yan majalisun kananan hukumominsu. A ranar 11 ga Oktoban 2004, Yarima Nayef bin Abd al-Aziz, ministan harkokin cikin gida na Saudiyya, ya sanar da wata jarida ta [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] cewa mata ba za su iya tsayawa takara ba ko kada kuri'a a zaben. A martanin da jami'an hukumar zaben kasar Saudiyya suka yi kan wannan shigar sun nuna damuwarsu ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki bisa wannan dalili kamar rashin rumfunan zabe daban-daban ga mata, kuma mata ba su da katin shaida. Hatoon al-Fassi yana jin cewa gaskiyar jami'an sun ba da dalilai masu amfani na wannan rashin shiga ba tare da dalilai na addini ko jinsi ba shine nasara ga yakin neman zabe na mata Shugaban hukumar ta HRFS, Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb, ya bayyana cewa zaben kananan hukumomin Saudiyya na shekarar 2011 ba zai yi matukar tasiri ba idan har aka gudanar da zaben kamar yadda aka gudanar a shekarar 2005, ta yadda ba za a bar mata su shiga ba. Ya ce mafi karancin ka’idojin zaben ya hada da duk membobi da masu zabe za su zaba, mata su shiga, sannan a rage shekarun zabe daga 21 zuwa 18.” === 2011 zanga-zangar Saudiyya === An gudanar da zanga-zanga da dama kan hakkin dan Adam a gaban gine-ginen ma'aikatar gwamnati a kasar Saudiyya a tsawon shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012. Ana ci gaba da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati na neman a saki fursunonin da ake tsare da su ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kuliya ba, ba tare da gurfanar da su gaban kotu ba a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma zanga-zangar neman lardin Gabashin kasar ya samu kundin tsarin mulki da majalisa . A tsawon tsawon lokacin da aka shafe ana zanga-zangar, mahukuntan Saudiyya sun bindige wasu masu zanga-zangar sakamakon rera taken nuna adawa da majalisar Saudiyya da ministan harkokin cikin gida, Nayef, inda suka kira su "'yan ta'adda", "masu yanka" da "masu aikata laifuka". A ranar 24 ga Maris, 2011, yayin zanga-zangar Saudiyya ta 2011, HRFS ta ce an kama masu zanga-zangar 100 bayan zanga-zangar 15-18 ga Maris a ciki da kusa da Qatif kuma an azabtar da wasu. Tare da HRFS, kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a da siyasa ta Saudi Arabiya (ACPRA) ta yi kira da a saki wanda ya kafa ACPRA Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi bayan kama shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Buraidah a ranar 21 ga Maris da Hukumar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta yi. Zanga-zangar ta ci gaba da yin kira da a saki wadannan fursunonin, da a janye rundunar tsaron gabar tekun Bahrain daga [[Baharen|Bahrain]], don samun daidaiton wakilci a manyan ofisoshi da kuma yin gyare-gyare a mukaman siyasa, kamar yadda suke jin an ware su. === Rahoton Ketare Mara Kyau === A kokarin inganta da kare doka da kare ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki da tarayya da kuma kawar da nuna wariya a cikin al’ummar kasar Saudiyya, kungiyar HRFS ta shirya wani rahoto kan yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin shari’a a kasar Saudiyya da kuma tasirinta ga ‘yancin al’ummar Saudiyya mai take. "Cikin Zalunci: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya Ke Cin Hakkokin Dan Adam na Duniya" (Rahoton). Rahoton ya ce da yawa daga cikin dokokin da ba a rubuta ba a Saudi Arabiya "suna da matukar koma baya" da kuma "kashewa" ga 'yancin ɗan adam. Ƙasar ƙasa tana da haƙƙin doka don yin biyayya da kafa doka da ta dace da yarjejeniyoyin da ta ƙulla. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga dokar yarjejeniyoyin, ƙasar da ta rattaba hannu amma ba ta amince da wata yarjejeniya ba, wajibi ne ta guji "ayyukan da za su karya manufa da manufar" wannan yarjejeniya. Rahoton ya yi cikakken bayani kan wuraren da kundin dokokin Saudiyya ya saba wa dokar kare hakkin bil'adama da suka hada da: Sa ido da kuma mamaye gidaje, da laifukan ' [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] da tarayya, [[Kamu da tsarewa ba bisa ka'ida ba|kamawa ba bisa ka'ida ba]] da tsawaita tsarewa, shari'ar sirri da rashin adalci, azabtarwa da hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin kisa. hana mata haƙƙin shari'a daidai gwargwado Daga nan kuma rahoton ya tattauna kan yadda waɗannan dokokin ke baiwa gwamnatin Saudiyya babban iko na cin zarafin 'yan ƙasar Saudiyya, tare da ba da kulawa ta musamman ga raunin mata, tsirarun addinai, ma'aikatan ƙaura da yara <ref name="tre" /> A karshe rahoton ya nuna inda gwamnatin Saudiyya ta gaza wajen bin dokokinta na cikin gida wajen gudanar da ayyukanta na musgunawa 'yan kasar ta Saudiyya, da take hakkin bil'adama wanda ita kanta ta yi ikirarin kare hakkin bil'adama da ta yi ikirarin kare a cikin dokokinta wanda kuma ke samun kariya a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa. <ref name="tre" /> == Duba kuma == * Hakkin Dan Adam a Saudiyya * Basic Law of Saudi Arabia == Magana == {{Reflist|31em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://hrfssaudiarabia.org/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Turanci)] * [http://www.anhri.net/saudi/spdhr/ Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Farko (Larabci)] * [http://www.middleeasttransparent.com/IMG/pdf/Unholy_Trespass.pdf Cin Zarafi Mai Kyau: Yadda Ka'idar Dokokin Saudiyya ke keta Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Duniya] * [https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa/saudi-arabia Human Rights Watch: Saudi Arabia] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0n8o9x9jlldna428wfm7eeu2pj7lntc 0 33494 163647 160765 2022-08-04T10:57:26Z BnHamid 12586 gyara wikitext text/x-wiki  [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Akeem Anifowoshe''' wanda aka fi sani da "Kid" Akeem, (An haife shi ranar 11 ga watan Satumban 1968-1 Disamban 1994). ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne na Super Flyweight na Najeriya. ==Tarihin rayuwa== An fi saninsa da wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin Yaƙin Shekarar 1991 na Mujallar Ring, wanda ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Robert Quiroga ta kusa amma yanke shawara gaba ɗaya.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110522104200/http://www.eastsideboxing.com/news.php?p=7179&more=1.</ref> Ya kasance yana ƙalubalantar Quiroga don kambunsa na Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙasa ta Duniya Super Flyweight. Jim kadan bayan yanke hukuncin, Anifowoshe ya fadi a zobe, inda aka garzaya da shi tiyatar gaggawa don cire masa gudan jini daga kwakwalwarsa. ==Bayan fage== Bayan jin rauni a fadan Quiroga, an hana Anifowoshe sake yin fada a Amurka. Akwai rahotannin da ke cewa ya koma fataucin miyagun kwayoyi ne aka mayar da shi [[Najeriya]], inda ya sake yin dambe bayan wani lokaci. Rahotanni sun banbanta kan hakikanin yadda ya rasu, wasu na cewa ya yi dambe ne a wani wasa da ba a ba shi shawara ba a Najeriya, kuma ya fadi a cikin ruwan wanka bayan ya fadi, wasu sun ce ya fadi ne bayan atisaye.<ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://boxrec.com</nowiki> › proboxer [[Akeem Anifowoshe]]-Pro [[Boxing]]-BoxRec</ref> ==Dalilin mutuwa== An san cewa mutuwarsa na da nasaba da raunin kwakwalwa da aka samu a Faransa da Quiroga. Mai horar da 'yan wasan da ake kira Miguel Diaz mai gwagwarmaya tare da gwaninta na dabi'a da ya taba horarwa kuma ya sami lambar girmamawa a cikin zabukan "Prospect of the Year" na Ring 1987, Anifowoshe yana da tarihin karshe na 23 ya yi nasara a kan kashi 1 kawai.<ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == * [[Boxing]] record for [[Akeem Anifowoshe]] from BoxRec (registration required) q1621gjlsvy0oh9er8tdkd033vd8b9f 0 33654 163680 155555 2022-08-04T11:38:02Z BnHamid 12586 gyara wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alan Donnelly''' (an haife shi 16 Yuli 1957) ɗan siyasan Jam'iyyar Labour ne na Biritaniya kuma tsohon ɗan ƙungiyar kasuwanci daga Jarrow. Ya yi aiki a matsayin dan Majalisa a Tarayyar Turai (MEP) kuma a matsayin shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour na Majalisar Turai. ==Siyasa== An fara zaben Donnelly a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a 1989, don wakiltar mazabar Tyne and Wear. Ya samu kashi 69.3% na kuri'un da aka kada a shekarar 1989, inda ya samu rinjaye da kuri'u 95,780. An sake zaben shi a shekarar 1994, inda ya samu kashi 74.4% na kuri'un da aka kada. Lokacin da aka soke mazabu na Majalisar Turai a watan Yunin 1999 an kuma maye gurbinsu da kujerun yankuna masu yawa, An zaɓi Donnelly matsayin ɗan takara na farko a cikin jerin Labour a Arewa maso Gabas kuma aka zabe shi. Ya ajiye aiki a watan Disambar 1999, bayan ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar Labour ta Majalisar Turai tun 1997. ==Aiki== Kafin ya zama dan majalisa (MEP), Donnelly ya yi aiki da ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta GMB, a farko a yankin Arewa maso Gabas, sannan a matsayin jami'in kuɗi na ƙasa a Landan. A wannan lokacin yana cikin kungiyar St Ermin ta kungiyoyin kwadago masu matsakaicin ra'ayi da suka yi taro a <a href="./St%20Ermin's%20Hotel" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St Ermin's Hotel" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="23">St Ermin's Hotel</a> don tsara shirin korar ' yan bindiga daga jam'iyyar Labour. A matsayinsa na MEP, daga baya an nada shi a matsayin babban aminin [[Tony Blair]] kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa. A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban zartarwa na Sovereign Strategy, kamfanin harkokin jama'a wanda ya kafa a watan Janairun 2000. Kamfanin a yanzu yana da ofisoshi a Newcastle, London, da Brussels. Donnelly ya yi aiki tare da Bernie Ecclestone da Max Mosley, ya zama dan takarar makamin rikon kwarya a 2007-09. Ya kuma kasance shugaban jam’iyyar Labour ta Kudu Shields tun 2005. A yayin da David Miliband ya yi murabus daga wannan kujera a 2013, Donnelly ne ya rubuta wasiƙar ajiye aikinsa. ==Halayya== Shi dan luwadi ne a fili. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.sovereignstrategy.com/#!alandonnelly/c8uc Tarihin Rayuwar Ƙwararru] * [http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/81026 Babu rawar F1 don Donnelly a cikin 2010 (Autosport, 22 Janairu 2010)] * [http://alandonnelly.com/ Yanar Gizo na sirri] {{S-start}} {{S-ppo}} {{Succession box}} {{S-end}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1957]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5hns1byaebisa9twsaxypfpwzeisdxs 0 33667 163683 155609 2022-08-04T11:41:22Z BnHamid 12586 gyara wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Alan Fitch''' (10 Maris 1915 - 7 Agusta 1985). ɗan siyasa ne ƙarƙashin Jam'iyyar Labour ta Biritaniya. ==Karatu da Aiki== Fitch ya sami ilimi a Makarantar Kingwood, Bath (1927-1932), kuma yayi aiki a Ma'aikatar ma'adinai. Ya wakilci ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai a kwamitin zartarwa na Majalisar Labour na Lancashire da Cheshire. ==Siyasa== ===Zaɓe=== An zaɓe shi a majalisar dokoki na kasa a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar Wigan a zaben fidda gwani na shekarar 1958, bayan mutuwar dan majalisar jam'iyyar Labour Ronald Williams . An sake zabe shi a babban zabuka bakwai masu zuwa, kafin ya sauka a babban zaben 1983, lokacin da Roger Stott ya rike matsayin daga jam'iyyar Labour. ===Dan majalissa== Fitch ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisa biyu na Wigan a karni na 20 waɗanda suka ajiye aiki (ritaya) a maimakon su mutu a ofis. Magajinsa Roger Stott ya gaji matsayin kuma ya mutu a ofis a 1999. ===Mataimaki== Fitch ya kasance Mataimakin whip na majalisa daga 1964 zuwa 1966, Kwamishinan Baitulmali daga 1966 zuwa 1969 da Mataimakin Chamberlain na Gidan daga 1969 zuwa 1970, kuma ya kasance memba na kwamitin da aka zaba na masana'antu na kasa. Fitch ya kasance memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai. == Manazarta == * Times Guide to the House of Commons 1979 * Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Alan Fitch {{S-start}} {{S-par|uk}} {{Succession box}} {{S-off}} {{Succession box}} {{S-end}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1985]] [[Category:Haihuwar 1915]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q3kzxd0rizcjuo9cicwdeu9wm5vhpw5 163685 163683 2022-08-04T11:41:42Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Alan Fitch''' (10 Maris 1915 - 7 Agusta 1985). ɗan siyasa ne ƙarƙashin Jam'iyyar Labour ta Biritaniya. ==Karatu da Aiki== Fitch ya sami ilimi a Makarantar Kingwood, Bath (1927-1932), kuma yayi aiki a Ma'aikatar ma'adinai. Ya wakilci ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai a kwamitin zartarwa na Majalisar Labour na Lancashire da Cheshire. ==Siyasa== ===Zaɓe=== An zaɓe shi a majalisar dokoki na kasa a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar Wigan a zaben fidda gwani na shekarar 1958, bayan mutuwar dan majalisar jam'iyyar Labour Ronald Williams . An sake zabe shi a babban zabuka bakwai masu zuwa, kafin ya sauka a babban zaben 1983, lokacin da Roger Stott ya rike matsayin daga jam'iyyar Labour. ===Dan majalissa=== Fitch ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisa biyu na Wigan a karni na 20 waɗanda suka ajiye aiki (ritaya) a maimakon su mutu a ofis. Magajinsa Roger Stott ya gaji matsayin kuma ya mutu a ofis a 1999. ===Mataimaki=== Fitch ya kasance Mataimakin whip na majalisa daga 1964 zuwa 1966, Kwamishinan Baitulmali daga 1966 zuwa 1969 da Mataimakin Chamberlain na Gidan daga 1969 zuwa 1970, kuma ya kasance memba na kwamitin da aka zaba na masana'antu na kasa. Fitch ya kasance memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai. == Manazarta == * Times Guide to the House of Commons 1979 * Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Alan Fitch {{S-start}} {{S-par|uk}} {{Succession box}} {{S-off}} {{Succession box}} {{S-end}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1985]] [[Category:Haihuwar 1915]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nn4c778br2y509p8ihd31i8cnija9hj 0 34165 163696 159520 2022-08-04T11:51:45Z BnHamid 12586 gyara wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alex Smith''' (An haife shi ranar 2 ga watan Disamba, 1943). tsohon ɗan siyasan Scotland ne wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Turai. ==Tarihin Karatu da Aiki== Smith yayi karatu a Irvine Royal Academy kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin lambu sannan kuma ma'aikacin saka. Ya zama mai tsaron shago tare da Kungiyar Sufuri da Manyan Ma'aikata, sannan kuma ya zama mai himma a Jam'iyyar Labour, yana shugabantar Jam'iyyar Labour na Mazabar Kudu ta Cunninghame daga 1983 har zuwa 1987, da kuma Majalisar Kasuwancin Irvine. ==Siyasa== A zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 1989, an zaɓi Smith don wakiltar Kudancin Scotland. Ya lashe kujerar daga hannun Alasdair Hutton, na jam'iyyar Conservative a 1989, ya rike ta a kan kalubale daga gare shi a 1994, amma ya tsaya a matsayin MEP a 1999. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.election.demon.co.uk/epscot.html sakamakon zaben] ==Manazarta== <references /> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 6gneu249nh9rclbz2c4mx6l0r5bjtv5 0 34166 163697 159652 2022-08-04T11:52:45Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alex Smith''' (haihu ranar 2 Disamba 1943) tsohon ɗan siyasan Scotland ne wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Turai. ==Karatu da Aiki== Smith yayi karatu a Irvine Royal Academy kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin lambu sannan kuma ma'aikacin saka. Ya zama mai tsaron shago tare da Kungiyar Sufuri da Manyan Ma'aikata, sannan kuma ya zama mai himma a Jam'iyyar Labour, yana shugabantar Jam'iyyar Labour na Mazabar Kudu ta Cunninghame daga 1983 har zuwa 1987, da kuma Majalisar Kasuwancin Irvine.<ref>''BBC-Vacher's Biographical Guide 1996''. London: BBC Political Research Unit and Vacher's Publications. 1996. p. 6-35. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0951520857|<bdi>0951520857</bdi>]].</ref> ==Siyasa== A zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 1989, an zaɓi Smith don wakiltar Kudancin Scotland. Ya lashe kujerar daga hannun Alasdair Hutton, na jam'iyyar Conservative a 1989, ya rike ta a kan kalubale daga gare shi a 1994, amma ya tsaya a matsayin MEP a 1999. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.election.demon.co.uk/epscot.html sakamakon zaben] == Nassoshi == <references /> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 2kk20psr9h5v81evgeimzn0e2aqnz9q 0 34180 163701 159656 2022-08-04T11:58:22Z BnHamid 12586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Sherlock''' CBE (14 Fabrairu 1922 &#x2013; 18 Fabrairu 1999) ɗan siyasa ne na Jam'iyyar Conservative dake Biritaniya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Turai (MEP) na Essex South West daga 1979 zuwa 1989. ==Horo da Aiki== An horar da shi a matsayin likita a asibitin Landan, ya yi aiki a matsayin GP daga 1948 zuwa 1979 a Felixstowe, kuma ya kara cancanta a matsayin mataimakin 'deputy coroner' kwakwaf daga 1971.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-dr-alexander-sherlock-1079331.html Independent obituary]</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwar 1922]] kvdf2io589t3cp9k6pf5hsqgnvjpdba 1 34840 163443 2022-08-03T13:12:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kuskure */ sabon sashe wikitext text/x-wiki == Kuskure == Wannan shafin na bukatan gyara, sunan mukala daban da abin da ta kunsa. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] ([[User talk:Uncle Bash007|talk]]) 13:12, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) d2u7ggru6up4ynkm9vi3uulfb7dh4fq 0 34841 163444 2022-08-03T13:13:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Sabon shafi: '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara ko yakin Biafra ) yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin gwamnatin Najeriya da Jamhuriyar Biafra, sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta. daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar Yakubu Gowon ne ya jagoranci Najeriya, yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancins... wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara ko yakin Biafra ) yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin gwamnatin Najeriya da Jamhuriyar Biafra, sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta. daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar Yakubu Gowon ne ya jagoranci Najeriya, yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. i1fo3dwvwcvj7pw7livswfectbc9lia 163445 163444 2022-08-03T13:17:05Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara ko yakin Biafra ) yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin gwamnatin Najeriya da Jamhuriyar Biafra, sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta. daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar Yakubu Gowon ne ya jagoranci Najeriya, yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. torabwoxdmobyx8rjmnquqvc2w9wumr 163446 163445 2022-08-03T13:17:44Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin gwamnatin Najeriya da Jamhuriyar Biafra, sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta. daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar Yakubu Gowon ne ya jagoranci Najeriya, yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. 62yilcw5cjeoaxr9sqa9a0q7icces7a 163447 163446 2022-08-03T13:21:10Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta. daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar Yakubu Gowon ne ya jagoranci Najeriya, yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. rwj558uznnsd2d5lw55ee68ympyg4o3 163448 163447 2022-08-03T13:21:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta. daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar Yakubu Gowon ne ya jagoranci Najeriya, yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. h5w45xt3unz2yzek2uthln5llpbrol0 163449 163448 2022-08-03T13:22:08Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar Yakubu Gowon ne ya jagoranci Najeriya, yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. 20h7whmlpvb1ofewmsf648cnhmpfw6i 163450 163449 2022-08-03T13:22:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar[[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci Najeriya, yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. fy30f520cpasqw8ut15gaxsmkvym79j 163451 163450 2022-08-03T13:23:03Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar[[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar Odumegwu Ojukwu ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. sazu1tcz1ex22fsecw2550ilarv8ket 163452 163451 2022-08-03T13:23:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar[[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. trqdha7k911rrhlwo7ou18jeg9fzps2 163453 163452 2022-08-03T13:24:13Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar[[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu\Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. tw7yaouzg2ngev1d16k5gfz9l49zddx 163454 163453 2022-08-03T13:24:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar[[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar Biafra. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. 528igf5dh3hh51agdkslpejm58yqzb1 163455 163454 2022-08-03T13:25:19Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]]. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin kasa ne na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. p7yem2cgvur3ldvn4fvxtjkshe1e078 163456 163455 2022-08-03T13:25:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]]. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. 22ak0cx6wgspex8648wrnujfjaihrxn 163457 163456 2022-08-03T13:26:23Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967<ref>"Ojukwu's birthday". Archived from the originalon 8 December 2011.</ref> - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]]. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. j2mngfqi1kec11w59bn6qwfp9gval7t 163458 163457 2022-08-03T13:26:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967<ref>"Ojukwu's birthday". Archived from the originalon 8 December 2011.</ref> - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]]. Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. == Manazarta == lq2p1w5cd8yu1cevh4gs1vyw9j3yr27 163459 163458 2022-08-03T13:28:23Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. == Manazarta == 8krvwe3ne6ba57yx5rsc18lf1euy3rr 163460 163459 2022-08-03T13:28:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmin Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. == Manazarta == 499gcf4ycdwoq0i8duc0c7dtm74aols 163461 163460 2022-08-03T13:29:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya, juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. == Manazarta == 32ild5ilbhp81wpqzqq7lo9c9powjzt 163462 163461 2022-08-03T13:30:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Igbo a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. == Manazarta == 0l4w48yun5y6pklx7f3wsc3tnrpo7db 163463 163462 2022-08-03T13:30:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. == Manazarta == f8y0cy364e65qn0hhrj550ec0r0298i 163467 163463 2022-08-03T15:58:08Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Manazarta == j3nqr0flgb8ckob96kxf5p0h7ra0ii8 163468 163467 2022-08-03T15:58:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Tushen Rikici == == Manazarta == moj7t1n58dxr4s6nz7ie4dyeta7v89d 163469 163468 2022-08-03T15:59:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tushen Rikici */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === == Manazarta == c0sfa76p7xp3oqm4nvsxyr3wilurav1 163470 163469 2022-08-03T16:04:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu. == Manazarta == 1frc3lkl06x5hrxtj2vl31wusdckqoj 163471 163470 2022-08-03T16:07:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu. Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas; Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar; da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma. Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas. == Manazarta == 87rsc1u5533osog9v4f5njjya7m1lgz 163472 163471 2022-08-03T16:08:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu. Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas; Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar; da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma. Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == 0wkdtec3j3oa93ra46ctw1jmjwdnj16 163473 163472 2022-08-03T16:09:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu. Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas; Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar; da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma. Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> == Manazarta == 48d3u1xwtg9kmasgyl6k5lw5znfhxag 163474 163473 2022-08-03T16:09:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu. Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas; Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar; da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> == Manazarta == gkkd17f603gcjrzeq0yxuto13trm59p 163475 163474 2022-08-03T16:10:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu. Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas; Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> == Manazarta == 2eo5b05bdrmx4eyh5zzc8hajkbw4ecc 163476 163475 2022-08-03T16:11:46Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu. Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> == Manazarta == 5mgbwjjsy6tnf04k9tlb9g9c5z9mkmd 163477 163476 2022-08-03T16:12:05Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> == Manazarta == s0jezk867cf798ve1jth4axxnmpcop9 163478 163477 2022-08-03T16:16:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. == Manazarta == ipx3lloon9nxch74x537034c5asvdyr 163479 163478 2022-08-03T16:18:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara. == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa. Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada. == Manazarta == 4wclr3cj50irc54l0j1shea79r35xrh 163480 163479 2022-08-03T16:19:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa. Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada. == Manazarta == 0t4va6gc0gexsu7cnfq2bymxoksj60h 163481 163480 2022-08-03T16:20:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Silan Rikicin */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra. Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa. Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada. == Manazarta == sx9pj38ohjaep6ydjahrkwgrh65hsmu 163482 163481 2022-08-03T16:20:38Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa. A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa. Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada. == Manazarta == 8y536sd5o1qrxzusenkgj52tvh3us38 163483 163482 2022-08-03T16:21:00Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin. A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa. Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada. == Manazarta == erwg2qxqtk7azyrfkyvvh03srmwrin9 163484 163483 2022-08-03T16:21:22Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin.<ref>Campbell, Colin (29 March 1987). "STARVATION WAS THE POLICY". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa. Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada. == Manazarta == b1moo022cqd91n9t92zx77dpmxmrknm 163485 163484 2022-08-03T16:21:42Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>Patrick A., Anwunah (2007). ''The Nigeria -Biafra War (1967 -1970): my memoirs''. Spectrum Books Limited.</ref> A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin.<ref>Campbell, Colin (29 March 1987). "STARVATION WAS THE POLICY". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa. Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada. == Manazarta == 0fj9e7y69aip4c8keefmnw2osnpigsn 163486 163485 2022-08-03T16:22:50Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* kabilanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>Patrick A., Anwunah (2007). ''The Nigeria -Biafra War (1967 -1970): my memoirs''. Spectrum Books Limited.</ref> A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin.<ref>Campbell, Colin (29 March 1987). "STARVATION WAS THE POLICY". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa.<ref>Nwafor-Ejelinma, Ndubisi (August 2012). ''Ndi-Igbo of Nigeria: Identity Showcase''. Trafford Publishing. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-3892-2|<bdi>978-1-4669-3892-2</bdi>]].</ref> Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada. == Manazarta == 2jelds3i9hg04a8dn8b3xojnrt7pzcy 163487 163486 2022-08-03T16:23:38Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Manazarta */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>Patrick A., Anwunah (2007). ''The Nigeria -Biafra War (1967 -1970): my memoirs''. Spectrum Books Limited.</ref> A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin.<ref>Campbell, Colin (29 March 1987). "STARVATION WAS THE POLICY". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa.<ref>Nwafor-Ejelinma, Ndubisi (August 2012). ''Ndi-Igbo of Nigeria: Identity Showcase''. Trafford Publishing. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-3892-2|<bdi>978-1-4669-3892-2</bdi>]].</ref> Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada.<ref>"The particularity of the problem with Nigeria @ 59". ''TheCable''. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</ref> == Manazarta == q8b8bxfl1vl5cv6dh5k3ybz565yb42o 163488 163487 2022-08-03T16:26:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Silan Rikicin */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>Patrick A., Anwunah (2007). ''The Nigeria -Biafra War (1967 -1970): my memoirs''. Spectrum Books Limited.</ref> A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin.<ref>Campbell, Colin (29 March 1987). "STARVATION WAS THE POLICY". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa.<ref>Nwafor-Ejelinma, Ndubisi (August 2012). ''Ndi-Igbo of Nigeria: Identity Showcase''. Trafford Publishing. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-3892-2|<bdi>978-1-4669-3892-2</bdi>]].</ref> Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada.<ref>"The particularity of the problem with Nigeria @ 59". ''TheCable''. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</ref> Sabanin sauran kungiyoyin biyu, Igbo da kabilun Neja Delta a kudu maso gabas suna rayuwa galibi a cikin al'umma masu cin gashin kansu, tsarin dimokuradiyya, kodayake akwai Eze ko sarakuna a yawancin tsoffin garuruwa, kamar Masarautar Nri. A matsayi nasa, Masarautar ke gudanar da mafi yawan ƙasar Igbo, gami da tasiri a kan mutanen Anioma, Arochukwu (wanda ke sarrafa bauta a Igbo), da kuma ƙasar Onitsha . Ba kamar sauran yankunan biyu ba, an yanke shawara a tsakanin al'ummomin Igbo ta hanyar babban taro da maza da mata ke halarta. == Manazarta == 886q2jpr8imd3whbs211o3sqdlx8z2v 163489 163488 2022-08-03T16:27:02Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Silan Rikicin */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>Patrick A., Anwunah (2007). ''The Nigeria -Biafra War (1967 -1970): my memoirs''. Spectrum Books Limited.</ref> A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin.<ref>Campbell, Colin (29 March 1987). "STARVATION WAS THE POLICY". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === kabilanci === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa.<ref>Nwafor-Ejelinma, Ndubisi (August 2012). ''Ndi-Igbo of Nigeria: Identity Showcase''. Trafford Publishing. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-3892-2|<bdi>978-1-4669-3892-2</bdi>]].</ref> Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada.<ref>"The particularity of the problem with Nigeria @ 59". ''TheCable''. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</ref> Sabanin sauran kungiyoyin biyu, Igbo da kabilun Neja Delta a kudu maso gabas suna rayuwa galibi a cikin al'umma masu cin gashin kansu, tsarin dimokuradiyya, kodayake akwai Eze ko sarakuna a yawancin tsoffin garuruwa, kamar Masarautar Nri. A matsayi nasa, Masarautar ke gudanar da mafi yawan ƙasar Igbo, gami da tasiri a kan mutanen Anioma, Arochukwu (wanda ke sarrafa bauta a Igbo), da kuma ƙasar Onitsha . Ba kamar sauran yankunan biyu ba, an yanke shawara a tsakanin al'ummomin Igbo ta hanyar babban taro da maza da mata ke iya halarta.<ref>''Ijeaku, Nnamdi'', p. 25, at [[Google Books]]</ref> == Manazarta == bpw3b7yh8svpbn3tztst97vxrfpy8qp 163490 163489 2022-08-03T16:27:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Silan Rikicin */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>Patrick A., Anwunah (2007). ''The Nigeria -Biafra War (1967 -1970): my memoirs''. Spectrum Books Limited.</ref> A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin.<ref>Campbell, Colin (29 March 1987). "STARVATION WAS THE POLICY". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === Bambancin al'adu === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa.<ref>Nwafor-Ejelinma, Ndubisi (August 2012). ''Ndi-Igbo of Nigeria: Identity Showcase''. Trafford Publishing. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-3892-2|<bdi>978-1-4669-3892-2</bdi>]].</ref> Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada.<ref>"The particularity of the problem with Nigeria @ 59". ''TheCable''. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</ref> Sabanin sauran kungiyoyin biyu, Igbo da kabilun Neja Delta a kudu maso gabas suna rayuwa galibi a cikin al'umma masu cin gashin kansu, tsarin dimokuradiyya, kodayake akwai Eze ko sarakuna a yawancin tsoffin garuruwa, kamar Masarautar Nri. A matsayi nasa, Masarautar ke gudanar da mafi yawan ƙasar Igbo, gami da tasiri a kan mutanen Anioma, Arochukwu (wanda ke sarrafa bauta a Igbo), da kuma ƙasar Onitsha . Ba kamar sauran yankunan biyu ba, an yanke shawara a tsakanin al'ummomin Igbo ta hanyar babban taro da maza da mata ke iya halarta.<ref>''Ijeaku, Nnamdi'', p. 25, at [[Google Books]]</ref> == Manazarta == hml1w4dcxh92ytbon15hojnq4fcnfmk 163491 163490 2022-08-03T16:33:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Bambancin al'adu */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yakin basasar Najeriya''' (ta faru tsakanin 6 Yuli 1967 - 15 ga Janairu 1970; wanda aka fi sani da '''Yakin Najeriya da Biyafara''' ko kuma '''yakin Biafra''') yakin basasa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Najeriya]] da [[Biyafara|Jamhuriyar Biafra]], sabuwar kasar da ta ayyana ‘ yancin kanta daga Najeriya a 1967. Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] ne ya jagoranci [[Najeriya]], yayin da Laftanar Kanar [[Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu|Odumegwu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranci kasar [[Biyafara]].<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Biafra dai na wakiltar kishin yanki na kabilar Ibo, wadanda shugabancinsu ke ganin ba za su iya zama karkashin ikon gwamnatin tarayya ba karkashin muradun Hausa-Fulani Musulmai na Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>Daly, Samuel Fury Childs (2020). "A Nation on Paper: Making a State in the Republic of Biafra". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. '''62''' (4): 868–894. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0010417520000316. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 224852757.</ref> Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa, tattalin arziki, kabilanci, al'adu da addini wanda ya biyo bayan mayar da Najeriya mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga 1960 zuwa 1963. Abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin a cikin 1966 sun hada da tashin hankali na kabilanci da addini, da kuma nuna kyama ga Inyamurai a Arewacin Najeriya,<ref>Plotnicov, Leonard (1971). "An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos". ''The Journal of Modern African Studies''. '''9''' (2): 297–305. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0022278X00024976. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0022-278X. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 159448</ref> juyin mulkin soja, juyin mulki da zalunci da 'yan kabilar Igbo mazauna Arewacin Najeriya. Sarrafa kan samar da mai a yankin Neja Delta shima ya taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>Patrick A., Anwunah (2007). ''The Nigeria -Biafra War (1967 -1970): my memoirs''. Spectrum Books Limited.</ref> A cikin shekara guda, sojojin gwamnatin tarayya sun yi wa kasar Biafra kawanya, sun kame gidajen mai a gabar teku da kuma birnin Fatakwal. An tare hanyar shiga yankin wanda aka tsara a lokacin yakin wanda ya haifar da yunwar da dama a yankin.<ref>Campbell, Colin (29 March 1987). "STARVATION WAS THE POLICY". ''The New York Times''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da rabi na yakin, an sami asarar rayukan sojoji kusan 100,000 gaba daya, yayin da tsakanin fararen hula miliyan 500,000 zuwa 2  na Biafra sun mutu saboda yunwa.<ref>"ICE Case Studies: The Biafran War". ''American University: ICE Case Studies''. American University. 1997. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</ref> A tsakiyar 1968, hotunan yaran Biafra masu fama da tamowa da yunwa sun cika kafafen yada labarai na kasashen Yamma. Halin da masu fama da yunwa a kasar Biyafara ya zama kanun labarai a kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya ba da damar samun karuwar kudade da kuma shaharar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa. Birtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet su ne manyan masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Najeriya, yayin da Faransa, Isra'ila (bayan 1968) da wasu kasashe suka goyi bayan Biafra.<ref>Chinua, Achebe (2012). ''There was a country: a personal history of Biafra''. pearson.</ref> Ra'ayin kasar Amurka a wannan al'amari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki, inda ta dauki Najeriya a matsayin 'hakin Biritaniya', amma wasu na ayyana kin amincewa da Biyafara a matsayin fifita gwamnatin Najeriya akan Biyafara.<ref>"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXIV, Africa - Office of the Historian". ''history.state.gov''. Retrieved 25 April 2022.</ref><ref>Luepke, Anna-Katharina (2018). "1" (PDF). ''The Other Side' of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History'' (PhD). Bangor University. Retrieved 25 April2022.</ref> == Silan Rikicin == === Bambancin al'adu === Wannan yakin basasa na da dangantaka da hadewar yankunan biyu na Najeriya da turawan mulkin mallaka yi a 1914 na Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Arewa, cibiya aLagos da Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Kudu (daga baya aka sake masa suna Gabashin Najeriya), wanda aka kafa da niyyar samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati saboda kusancin wadannan yankunan. Sai dai wannan canjin bai yi la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da addinan al'ummomin kowane yanki ba. Gasa don neman iko na siyasa da tattalin arziki ya ta'azzara tarzoma tsakaninsu.<ref>"Nigeria – Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref> Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, da yawan jama'a mutum miliyan 45.2 , wanda ya kunshi fiye da kabilu 300 da al'adu daban-daban. Lokacin da Najeriya ta yi mulkin mallaka, manyan kabilun ta uku su ne Igbo, wadanda suke da kusan kashi 60-70% na al'ummar Kudu maso Gabas;<ref>"Igbo | people". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 11 May 2020.</ref> Hausa-Fulani na Daular Sakkwato, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 67% na al'ummar yankin arewacin kasar;<ref>Orji I., Ema. "Issues on ethnicity and governance in Nigeria: A universal human Right perspectives". ''Fordham International Law Journal''. '''25''' (2 2001 Article 4).</ref> da Yarbawa, wadanda suka kasance kusan kashi 75% na al'ummar yankin kudu maso yamma.<ref>"Sokoto Caliphate" (PDF).</ref> Duk da cewa wadannan kungiyoyi suna da nasu na asali, amma a shekarun 1960, jama’a sun watsu a fadin Nijeriya, inda dukkanin kabilu uku ke da wakilci a manyan garuruwa. Lokacin da yakin ya barke a 1967, har yanzu akwai 'yan kabilar Igbo akalla mutum 5,000 a Legas.<ref>Olawoyin, ''Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict'' (1971), pp. 32–33. "The Ibo like the Hausa and Yoruba, are found in hundreds in all towns and cities throughout the Federation. Even at the period of the Civil War, they numbered more than 5,000 in Lagos alone."</ref> Kadan daga cikin addinai da kuma Musulmian Hausa-Fulani a Arewa sun kasance a bisa suna bin sarakunan masu bin tsarin addinin Musulunci wadanda su kuma suke bin wani babban Sarkin Musulmi (Sultan). An dauki wannan Sultan a matsayin mafi kololuwar iko na siyasa da ikon addini. Ana iya ganin bambance-bambance na zahiri ta fuskar tsarin siyasa da tsare-tsare sun nuna kuma sun samar da al'adu da dabi'u daban-daban. Talakawan Hausa-Fulani, suna samun saduwa da shugabanninsu ne kawai ta hanyar sarakunansu na kauye wadanda Sarki ya nada ko daya daga cikin wadanda ke karkashinsa, ba sa iya jayayya da shugabanninsu. An gabatar da shawarar siyasa. Kamar yadda yake a sauran tsarin addini da siyasa na mulki, an ba wa mutanen matsayi dangane da biyayya da mika wuya ga manyan mutane. Babban aikin wannan tsarin siyasa a wannan yanayi shi ne kiyaye dabi’u na ‘yan mazan jiya, wanda ya sa Hausa-Fulani da dama ke kallon kirkire-kirkire na tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al’umma a matsayin mai tada zaune tsaye ko kuma abin da bai dace ba. Tsarin siyasar Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, kamar na Hausa-Fulani, shi ma ya kunshi jerin sarakuna, Oba. Sarakunan Yarbawa kuwa, ba su dakarfin iko irin na Arewa.<ref>Nwafor-Ejelinma, Ndubisi (August 2012). ''Ndi-Igbo of Nigeria: Identity Showcase''. Trafford Publishing. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-4669-3892-2|<bdi>978-1-4669-3892-2</bdi>]].</ref> Tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na Yarbawa saboda haka ya ba da damar samun daukaka, bisa ingancin mutum a maimakon dukiya da mukami da aka gada.<ref>"The particularity of the problem with Nigeria @ 59". ''TheCable''. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</ref> Sabanin sauran kungiyoyin biyu, Igbo da kabilun Neja Delta a kudu maso gabas suna rayuwa galibi a cikin al'umma masu cin gashin kansu, tsarin dimokuradiyya, kodayake akwai Eze ko sarakuna a yawancin tsoffin garuruwa, kamar Masarautar Nri. A matsayi nasa, Masarautar ke gudanar da mafi yawan ƙasar Igbo, gami da tasiri a kan mutanen Anioma, Arochukwu (wanda ke sarrafa bauta a Igbo), da kuma ƙasar Onitsha . Ba kamar sauran yankunan biyu ba, an yanke shawara a tsakanin al'ummomin Igbo ta hanyar babban taro da maza da mata ke iya halarta.<ref>''Ijeaku, Nnamdi'', p. 25, at [[Google Books]]</ref> == Manazarta == 2vp9rei9nlb1o3chntjprlkzfmz4i8l 3 34842 163496 2022-08-03T21:00:21Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mr. Lechkar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Lechkar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:00, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) qa6mgti6inazhhm1yye31khaor9llzj 3 34843 163497 2022-08-03T21:00:31Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Official jibrin Muhammad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Official jibrin Muhammad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:00, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) lo3jbqi65qdu77z9aadxwi5tpq90cux 3 34844 163498 2022-08-03T21:00:41Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Maryam Abdulkarim! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Maryam Abdulkarim|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:00, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) mw46huqlkmu1n3w593kzzjgpw4pjw5e 3 34845 163499 2022-08-03T21:00:51Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MuhammadInuwashuaibu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MuhammadInuwashuaibu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:00, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) j2nphi0id18rvvtc30ta61dz880vxmt 3 34846 163500 2022-08-03T21:01:01Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, BlackFire000! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/BlackFire000|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) 3t7w6xs3nnor106umnqel1kysd3x9xk 3 34847 163501 2022-08-03T21:01:11Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mainglück! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mainglück|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) gf6gcle9741q5rg0nonqcvzzi1mpmqn 3 34848 163502 2022-08-03T21:01:21Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ogi.grace! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ogi.grace|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) h5vg2onqav7lsbmxf9xqsg7ong8fi7r 3 34849 163503 2022-08-03T21:01:31Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shanpanman! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shanpanman|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) b2lwflnhvlvkfecrbs93gieugqck8u4 3 34850 163504 2022-08-03T21:01:41Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mady900! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mady900|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 3 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) kb9qsssdqlxh8bldmdz5y8oiv5rauwj 0 34851 163510 2022-08-03T21:26:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1079766561|Invasion of Port Harcourt]]" wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;" ! colspan="2" class="summary" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;" |Invasion of Port Harcourt |- | colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;" |Part of [[Biafran War]] |- | colspan="2" | {| style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table" ! style="padding-right:1em" |Date |March 8 – May 24, 1968<br /><br />(2&nbsp;months, 2&nbsp;weeks and 2&nbsp;days) |- ! style="padding-right:1em" |Location |<div class="location">[[Port Harcourt]], southern [[Republic of Biafra|Biafra]]</div> |- ! style="padding-right:1em" |Result | class="status" | Nigerian victory |} |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;" |Belligerents |- | style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;" | <span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Nigeria]] | style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em" | <span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Biafra.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>[[Republic of Biafra|Biafra]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;" |Commanders and leaders |- | style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;" | [[Akpan Utuk|E.A. Etuk]]<br /><br /> [[Philemon Shande]]<br /><br /> [[Ipoola Alani Akinrinade]]<br /><br /> [[Ted Hamman]] | style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em" | [[Joseph Achuzie]]<br /><br /> [[Ogbugo Kalu]] |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;" |Strength |- | style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;" | unknown | style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em" | unknown |- ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;" |Casualties and losses |- | style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;" | unknown | style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em" | unknown |} {{Campaignbox Biafran War}}'''Harin Fatakwal''' (8 ga Maris - 24 ga Mayu, 1968) rikicin yaki ne tsakanin sojojin Najeriya da na Biyafara. == Asali == A tsakiyar shekarun 1960 ne aka yi juyin mulkin soja karkashin jagorancin Manjo Nzeogwu wanda ya hambarar da gwamnatin dimokaradiyya wadda ta yi rashin gaskiya a sakamakon magudin zabe da tashe-tashen hankula. An dakile yunkurin juyin mulkin amma galibi ba a gurfanar da Inyamuran da suka yi yunkurin juyin mulkin ba daga hannun gwamnatin sojan da ta karbi mulki. Juyin mulkin dai ya yi kama da na kabilanci domin yawancin mutanen da aka kashe Hausawa/Fulani da Yarbawa ne, kuma kungiyar sojojin ta kasance karkashin wani dan kabilar Igbo, Maj. Gen. Agiyi Ironsi. An yi juyin mulki bayan wata shida da kuma kisan kiyashi da aka yi wa kabilar Inyamurai a kasar Hausa. Wannan ya haifar da gudun hijirar Inyamurai zuwa kudu maso gabas da kuma sauran abubuwan da dama marasa dadin ji wanda ya kai ga barkewa da yakin Biafra. Kafin rikicin ya barke, an umarci sojojin ruwan Najeriya da su aiwatar da wani shingen shinge a kewayen Fatakwal da bakin kogin [[Kogin Bonny (River)|Bonny]]. Kame Calabar da sauran garuruwan bakin teku a watan Oktoban 1967 ya bar filin jirgin saman Fatakwal a matsayin hanya daya tilo ta sadarwa da tafiye-tafiyen zuwa kasashe na Biafra, duk da cewa ‘yan Biafra sun dauki lokaci suna tsara wasu jiragen ruwa na wucin gadi daga tsoffin titunan mota. {{Sfn|Venter|2016}} == Yaƙi == Bayan shan kaye a yankin Kuros Riba, ‘yan Biafra sun sake tattara ragowar dakarunsu tare da kafa runduna ta 12 ta Biafra a karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Kanal Festus Akagha. An raba shiyyar ta 12 zuwa Brigade ta 56 dake [[Arochukwu]] da kuma Brigade ta 58 dake [[Uyo]]. A ranar 8 ga watan Maris, 1968, rairayin bakin teku na [[Oron (Nijeriya)|Oron]] sun fuskanci mummunan tashin bama-bamai na iska da na ruwa daga dakarun Najeriya. Rundunar sojojin Najeriya ta 33 a karkashin Col. Ted Hamman ya yi nasara a kan mayakan Biafra kuma ya ci gaba zuwa Uyo. Saboda saurin ci gaban da Najeriya ke yi, jami'an Biafra sun fara rasa iko da sojojinsu. Sakamakon haka ne aka katse daruruwan sojojin Biafra tare da tilasta musu mika wuya bayan da sojojin Najeriya da ke Oron suka hada kai da Brigade ta 16 da ta 17 ta Najeriya a Uyo. Brigade ta 16 karkashin Col. EA Etuk da 17th Brigade karkashin Lt. Col. Philemon Shande ya bi ta [[Eket]] ya mamaye Opobo . Da masu fafutukar kafa kasar Biafra sun ja da baya, rundunar sojojin Najeriya ta 15 a karkashin Col. Ipoola Alani Akinrinade da ke [[Bonny (Rivers)|Bonny]] ya kai hari a [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]] . A wancan lokacin, dakarun Biafra ta 52 a karkashin Col. Ogbugo Kalu . Bayan kazamin fada, sojojin Najeriya sun kama tare da tona a [[Onne]] ; nasarar su ba za ta yi ɗan lokaci ba. Wani bangare na sojojin kasar Biafra a karkashin wani sojan hayar Biafra haifaffen kasar Italiya, sun yi musu dauki ba zato ba tsammani, inda suka yi sanadin salwantar rayuka da dama, kafin su tilastawa 'yan Najeriya ja da baya daga Onne. Bataliya ta 14 ta Biafra da ke Bori sun firgita tare da ja da baya daga garin bayan sun hango sojojin Najeriya sanye da tambarin Brigade 14 na Najeriya. Yayin da layukan Biafra da ke kewayen Fatakwal suka ruguje, an aike da sako ta gidan Rediyon Biafra domin kare birnin. A ranar 19 ga Mayu, Biafra Maj. Joseph Achuzie ya isa Fatakwal kuma an nada shi kwamandan sojojin Biafra masu kare birnin. An yi ruwan bama-bamai da manyan bindigogin Najeriya a Fatakwal yayin da suke kare sojojin Biafra sun yi turjiya. A cikin kwanaki biyar ana gwabza kazamin fada, filin jirgin saman Fatakwal da barikin sojoji sun sauya hannu a lokuta da dama amma a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu aka kori akasarin sojojin Biafra daga birnin zuwa yankunan da ke kewaye. Maj. Achuzie ya yi taurin kai ya ci gaba da yakar ‘yan Najeriya kafin ya tsallake rijiya da baya bayan da wata mota mai sulke ta yi kusa da ita; a lokacin ne Maj. Achuzie ya watsar da fada ya koma Igrita . == Bayan haka == Kwace Fatakwal ya hana Biafra isa zuwa teku gaba daya. Hukumomin Najeriya sun dauki hakan a matsayin gagarumar nasara; Gowon ya bayyana cewa da Biafra ta rike tashar jiragen ruwa na akalla wata guda, da ta iya samun karbuwa a duniya akalla daga wasu kasashe goma sha biyu. {{Sfn|Stremlau|2015}} Har ila yau, sojojin Najeriya sun samu kwace iko a filin jirgin saman birnin, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin sansanin gaba wajen kai hare-hare ta sama a cikin yankin Biafra. {{Sfn|Venter|2016}} Washegari bayan an kama Port Harcourt, Gen. Adekunle ya ce sanarwarwa cewa "Zan iya kama [[Owerri]], [[Aba]], da [[Umuahia|Umuahia nan]] a cikin makonni 2". Wannan maganar ta jawo farmakin Operation OAU . Sojojin Najeriya ba su samu nasarar kwace garuruwan Owerri da Aba ba har sai ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, 1968, kuma sun kasa kama Umuahia na tsawon shekara guda. A ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1970, [[Biyafara|Biafra]] ta mika wuya ga [[Najeriya|Najeriya,]] ta kuma kawo karshen yakin. Kaso mai yawa na Inyamurai mazauna birnin sun yi kaura tun kafin dakarun gwamnatin tarayya su kame yankin zuwa can cikin yankin Biafra, inda suka bar gidajensu da dukiyoyinsu. Sojin Najeriya ko kuma 'yan sauran kabilu da ba Inyamurai ba sun kashe sauran Inyamuran da suka rage. {{Sfn|Daly|2020}} ‘ [[Mutanen Ijaw|Yan kabilar Ijaw da dama sun]] yi maraba da zuwan sojojin tarayya kuma sun yi ikirarin cewa wasu kadarorin da aka kora kuma sun cike mukaman shugabancin kananan hukumomi. Bayan kammala yakin, 'yan kabilar Igbo sun koma birnin. An bukaci kwararrun ‘yan kabilar Ibo da dama don gudanar da harkar man fetur a dalilin haka kamfanonin mai suka ajiye su a wuraren da aka karewa tare da matsawa gwamnatin Najeriya lamba da ta tabbatar da tsaron lafiyarsu. {{Sfn|Daly|2020}} Domin inganta sulhu, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba wa dukkan 'yan kabilar Igbo tabbacin cewa za su iya kwato dukiyoyin da suka yi watsi da su a lokacin yakin idan sun dawo. Hakan ya yi wuya a Fatakwal, domin gwamnatin jihar Ribas ta bijirewa hukumomin tarayya, ta kuma ki kori barayin da ke kan kadarorin Igbo. {{Sfn|Daly|2020}} Kotunan Jihohi sukan bi sahun ‘yan sara-suka, su kuma masu Ibo sun dauki hakan a matsayin wata manufa ta jiha ta sakayya a kansu. {{Sfn|Daly|2020}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ayyukan da aka ambata == *   *   *   [[Category:I968 a Najeriya]] [[Category:Yake-yake da suka shafi Najeriya]] 45m7vraimz6bnxbrk19ryry173qka82 0 34852 163564 2022-08-03T23:12:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1062512893|Anaang language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Anaang|nativename=|states=Southern [[Nigeria]]|region=[[Akwa Ibom State]]|ethnicity=[[Anaang people|Anaang]]|speakers=1.4 million|date=1991|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Volta-Congo]]|fam4=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]|fam5=[[Cross River languages|Cross River]]|fam6=[[Lower Cross River languages|Lower Cross]]|fam7=[[Ibibio-Efik]]|iso3=anw|glotto=anaa1238|glottorefname=Anaang}} '''Anaang''' (Annang), wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Yammacin Ibibio''', <ref>Okon E. Essien, 1986, ''Ibibio names: their structure and their meanings''</ref> wani ɓangare ne na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik|gungun yarukan Ibibio-Efik]] . Yare ne na [[mutanen Anaang]] na [[Najeriya]]. == Duba kuma == * [[wiktionary:Appendix:Anaang word list|Jerin kalmomin Anaang]] (Wiktionary) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Languages of Nigeria}}{{Cross River languages}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Yarukan Ibibio-Efik]] 97duxpxywtjfhlkjml89onlpu3wqzxh 0 34853 163565 2022-08-03T23:21:07Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1095979211|Obolo language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue]] '''Obolo''' (ko '''Andoni''' ) babban yaren Cross River ne na [[Najeriya]]. Obolo shine asalin sunan wata al'umma a gabashin Delta na Kogin Neja, wanda aka fi sani da Andoni (babu tabbacin asalin wannan sunan). <ref>A History of Obolo (Andoni) in the Niger Delta. By Nkparom C. Ejituwu. Oron: Manson Publishing Company, in association with University of Port Harcourt Press, 1991. Pp. xiv +314. (ISBN 978-2451-4-5)</ref> ''Obolo'' yana nufin mutane, harshe da kuma ƙasa. == Yaruka == Akwai manyan yaruka guda shida a cikin harshen, wato: (daga yamma zuwa gabas): Ataba, Unyeada, Ngo, Okoroete, Iko da Ibot Obolo. <ref>Obolo in "Orthographies of Nigerian Languages Manual VI." Publisher: Nigeria Educational Research and Development Council. 2000.</ref> Ngo ita ce yare mafi daraja, don haka an rubuta ingantaccen nau'in wallafe-wallafen Obolo dashi. == Adabi na Obolo == * Obolo Language and Bible Translation Organisation ne suka buga Littafin Bible a harshen Obolo a shekara ta 2012. Obolo shine yaren Najeriya na 23 da aka rubuta daukakin Littafin Bible da shi. <ref>The 23rd Nigerian Language to Receive the Whole Bible https://web.archive.org/web/20190826001428/http://obolo.ngbible.com/about</ref> * An kaddamar da sashin yanar gizo na harshen Obolo a shekarar 2016. <ref>http://www.obololanguage.org</ref> * Littafin adabi na farko a kan Adabi a cikin Harshen Uwa; wani labari don ƙaramar Makarantun Sakandare da masu karatun jama'a, ''"Mbuban Îchaka"'' na Isidore Ene-Awaji © Obolo Language & Translation Project, ne ya buga shi a shekara ta 2010. <ref>History of OLBTO https://obololanguage.org/ann/%C3%B2folek-olbto/mfufuk-ofolek-ikwaan%CC%84-usem-obolo-olbto-1984-2014</ref> == Tsarin Rubutu == An rubuta yaren Obolo a cikin rubutun Latin. Haruffa sune kamar haka: {| class="wikitable" |+Harafin obolo {{Sfn|Obololanguage.org|2015}} <ref>"Reading and Writing Obolo: Obolo Alphabet" in "A Workshop Manual for Teaching Obolo." Pg. 1. © Obolo Language and Bible Translation Organisation (OLBTO), 2011.</ref> <ref>"Reading and Writing Obolo." Pg. 4. Andoni Language Committee and Rivers Readers Project, 1978.</ref> | a | b | ch | d | e | f | g | gb |- | gw | i | j | k | kp | kw | l | m |- | n | n̄ | nw | yi | o | ku | p | r |- | s | (sh) | t | ku | (v) | w | y | (z) |} * Haruffan da ke cikin braket sune yare na musamman . * Ana iya ƙara amon sautin a wasu haruffa. Masu ɗaukar sautin su ne wasulan ''a, e, i, o, ọ, u'' da ''m'' da ''n'' . Obolo harshe ne mai sauti. Akwai sautuna biyar a cikin harshe: ƙarami, babba, tsakiya, faɗuwa da sautin tashi. <ref>"Reading and Writing Obolo: Tone Marking" in "A Workshop Manual for Teaching Obolo." Pg. 1. © Obolo Language and Bible Translation Organisation (OLBTO), 2011.</ref> A rubuce-rubuce, ƙananan sautin da faɗuwar sautin kawai ana nuna su. <ref>"Reading and Writing Obolo: About Marking of Tones in Bible" in "A Workshop Manual for Teaching Obolo." Pg. 9. © Obolo Language and Bible Translation Organisation (OLBTO), 2011.</ref> Ana yiwa sautuna alama ta tilas akan mabuɗin farko na fi'ili da ƙungiyoyin magana. Don sauran nau'ikan kalmomi, daidaitaccen adabi zai nuna hanyar da za a bi. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Languages of Nigeria}}{{Cross River languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] 6w10q866kf9gxg7mwos1d13eoqykrqe 0 34854 163567 2022-08-03T23:42:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1046772024|Eket language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Ekit|nativename=|states=[[Nigeria]]|region=[[Akwa Ibom State]]|speakers=ca. {{sigfig|215,000|2}}|date=1989|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]|fam4=[[Cross River languages|Cross River]]|fam5=[[Lower Cross River languages|Lower Cross]]|fam6=[[Ibibio-Efik]]|lc1=eke|ld1=Ekit|lc2=etb|ld2=Etebi|glotto=ekit1245|glottorefname=Ekit–Etebi}} '''Ekit''' (Eket) harshe ne na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik|Ibibio-Efik]]<nowiki/>na [[Najeriya]] . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Cross River languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Yarukan Ibibio-Efik]] 5gcanmczvax96cozf46odbgwku125yi 0 34855 163568 2022-08-03T23:47:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/957552536|Ibuoro language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Ibuoro|nativename=|states=[[Nigeria]]|region=[[Akwa Ibom State]] , [[Abia State]]|ethnicity=|speakers=20,000|date=1988–1998|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]|fam4=[[Cross River languages|Cross River]]|fam5=[[Lower Cross River languages|Lower Cross]]|fam6=[[Ibibio-Efik]]|lc1=ibr|ld1=Ibuoro proper|lc2=itw|ld2=Ito|lc3=itm|ld3=Itu Mbon Uzo|lc4=nkz|ld4=Nkari|glotto=ibuo1241|glottorefname=Ibuoro–Nkari}} '''Ibuoro yare ne''' [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik|Ibibio-Efik]] a [[Najeriya]]. Yarukansa sune Ibuoro na asali, '''Ito''', '''Itu Mbon Uzo''' da '''Nkari''' . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] mhwo5g0bn964csrl8e0hrtjh3i3kgai 0 34856 163569 2022-08-03T23:50:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/894904102|Idere language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Idere|nativename=|states=[[Nigeria]]|region=[[Akwa Ibom State]]|ethnicity=|speakers=ca. 5,000|date=1988|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]|fam4=[[Cross River languages|Cross River]]|fam5=[[Lower Cross River languages|Lower Cross]]|fam6=[[Ibibio-Efik]]|iso3=ide|glotto=ider1238|glottorefname=Idere}} '''Idere''' harshen [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik|Ibibio-Efik ne]] a [[Najeriya]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] qofylnnms580bwrsks495zwz9l4dg39 0 34857 163571 2022-08-03T23:54:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1033464101|Ebughu language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Ebughu|region=[[Akwa Ibom State]]|states=[[Nigeria]]|ethnicity=|speakers=ca. 5,000|date=1988|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo]]|fam4=[[Cross River languages|Cross River]]|fam5=[[Lower Cross River languages|Lower Cross]]|iso3=ebg|glotto=ebug1241|glottorefname=Ebughu}} '''Ebughu''' yare ne na yankin Cross River a [[Najeriya]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Cross River languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Oron]] f723wo7qfzmp52l8tmvjnvy0za8ht2k 0 34858 163572 2022-08-03T23:56:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1033464274|Efai language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Efai|nativename=|states=[[Nigeria]]|region=[[Akwa Ibom State]]|speakers=7,200|date=2000|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]|fam4=[[Cross River languages|Cross River]]|fam5=[[Lower Cross River languages|Lower Cross]]|fam6=[[Ibibio-Efik]]|glotto=efai1241|glottorefname=Efai}} '''Efai''' yare ne na [[Harsunan Ibibio-Efik|Ibibio-Efik na]] Oro a [[Najeriya]] . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Ibibio-Efik]] jzh46x0a5sgqewisjgx0ej9mfxn2p53 0 34859 163573 2022-08-03T23:57:52Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1059787595|Enwan language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Infobox language|name=Enwan|states=[[Nigeria]]|region=[[Edo State]]|speakers=14,000|date=2006|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Volta–Niger languages|Volta–Niger]]|fam4={{sm|yeai}}|fam5=[[Edoid languages|Edoid]]|iso3=env|glotto=enwa1246|glottorefname=Enwan (Edu State)}} '''Enwan''' yare ne na Edoid na [[Edo|jihar Edo]], [[Najeriya]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Volta-Niger languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Yarukan Edoid]] ripku5kkspzm9vv0jv7jeocyfhhdwc6 0 34860 163574 2022-08-04T00:00:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1075632332|Oro language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Nsíŋ Oro|region=[[Akwa Ibom State]]|states=[[Nigeria]]|speakers=75,000|date=1989|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo]]|fam4=[[Cross River languages|Cross River]]|fam5=[[Lower Cross River languages|Lower Cross]]|iso3=orx|glotto=oroo1241|glottorefname=Oro}} '''Oro''' (Oron) yare ne na yankun Kuros Riba ta [[Najeriya]] . Sautukan Oron sun ƙunshi wasulan baka guda bakwai '''í, ε, e, a, o, σ, u,''' baƙaƙe biyar '''b, kp, d, t, k,''' baƙaƙe na hanci uku '''m, ŋ, n,''' baƙaƙe fricative '''f, s, h,''' bak'on wasali guda biyu '''w, y''' da kuma bak'in gefe daya '''l''' . Baƙi na gefe wani sabon abu ne na Oro kuma ba a samunsa a yawancin nau'ikan makwabta. Harshen Oron ba shi da wata dango ko nau'ikan fi'ili don bayyana ayyukan da ba su dace ba ; 'An karbe shi' ya zama 'sun karbe shi'. A ƙarshe, ana iya lura cewa tsarin dangin jimloli Oron mai sauƙi shine batun-fi'ili-abu . <ref name="Simmons">{{Cite journal|url-status=250–264}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Cross River languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Yarukan Oron]] pfga95mpn4rtwuynct50uimb7i68iqq 0 34861 163575 2022-08-04T00:02:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1033464785|Okobo language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Okobo|region=[[Akwa Ibom State]]|states=[[Nigeria]]|speakers=50,000|date=1991|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo]]|fam4=[[Cross River languages|Cross River]]|fam5=[[Lower Cross River languages|Lower Cross]]|iso3=okb|glotto=okob1241|glottorefname=Okobo}} '''Okobo''' wani yare na na Lower Cross River a [[Najeriya]] . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Cross River languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Yarukan Oron]] cvfpciwz22m5pz2dj9o06uanzq1ad8l 0 34862 163577 2022-08-04T00:04:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1033464000|Ilue language]]" wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ilue''' yare ne na Lower Cross River a [[Najeriya]]. Wani sunan Ilue shine Idua. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Cross River languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Yarukan Oron]] 5h8rmpokztm4xwltzhk6tw23ziy3z0d 0 34863 163592 2022-08-04T10:16:19Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1101224837|Federal government of Nigeria]]" wikitext text/x-wiki    Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=314–335}}</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]] . A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019. Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta. Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a9yyqjz0as2fez5ff60ic8rpcxgzp9y 163593 163592 2022-08-04T10:16:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=314–335}}</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]] . A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019. Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta. Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lzjisvawyjhck67uumw7it8aewjb74h 163594 163593 2022-08-04T10:17:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]] . A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019. Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta. Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bqpizm5jftuv1xhpwp6h08108w290qe 163595 163594 2022-08-04T10:17:42Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]] . A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019. Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta. Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7wdo6xlqf6ostoswbxlc2y0bpl5696b 163596 163595 2022-08-04T10:18:05Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]].<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019. Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta. Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l8h9tufkonnjsxsn8cai1j8y5bjm3if 163597 163596 2022-08-04T10:18:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]].<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref>"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta. Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ct3xwd2bj5qq18r2jv31lx4i2ltr3hs 163598 163597 2022-08-04T10:19:17Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]].<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref>"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960. == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lfcw4be72zvwrsbg4nr8ln76denyj67 163599 163598 2022-08-04T10:19:42Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]].<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref>"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m9uomn5covjgyjen567uc9vj6fg3955 163600 163599 2022-08-04T10:20:13Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref>"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya . * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5v3e9mls2w6n6z3uiuj5fn8q8a0v98m 163601 163600 2022-08-04T10:20:46Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsarin shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref>"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 33pwdl5apuqs3iijyqhs4zuu9leofeg 163602 163601 2022-08-04T10:21:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsarin shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya. === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g9ddt0w7cq57smcm6mqfnr2fl5y304l 163603 163602 2022-08-04T10:21:35Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref>"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOllennu1961">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/745094 "The Influence of English Law on West Africa"]. ''Journal of African Law''. '''5''' (1): 21–35. [[Doi (mai ganowa)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S002185530000293X|10.1017/S002185530000293X]]. [[ISSN (mai ganowa)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8553 0021-8553]. [[JSTOR (mai ganowa)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[//www.jstor.org/stable/745094 745094].</cite></ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kzfmek2nmojga5472rvznqsjnso3lmn 163604 163603 2022-08-04T10:22:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref>"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''. === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8hplhh2pqe0j2sl44klwtwl1qovvzyo 163605 163604 2022-08-04T10:22:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref>"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu. Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kod1t21pud358rjh0emyuhvhmrm8g5q 163606 163605 2022-08-04T10:23:38Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref>"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa). === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kl6rzxjp3hqvuqsluod0zkq4swq7hf7 163607 163606 2022-08-04T10:23:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba. == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4dr1294q21nfbfmsp6eqjka11o46t1f 163608 163607 2022-08-04T10:24:16Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a. Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eefv7gcvx3ypazxtx4ey24p2pb1mj3s 163609 163608 2022-08-04T10:25:05Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen Gudanarwa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref>"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba. <ref name=":13" /> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nd44442hd6yw1557qfizsbnmztq6bh2 163610 163609 2022-08-04T10:25:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen Gudanarwa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref>"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo. <ref name=":23" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] svmisv8h8koaqsvatdakubhhcmy5udh 163611 163610 2022-08-04T10:26:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen Gudanarwa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi. Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 89hakddanx3toetfpqgnedimgl82bzq 163612 163611 2022-08-04T10:26:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen Gudanarwa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne. Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lt87xb5j6iztq3pgmoset87b1ibwb5k 163613 163612 2022-08-04T10:27:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen Gudanarwa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya . == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gczc2tohe1kv7t9my17fh4jazvgwmhe 163614 163613 2022-08-04T10:27:35Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen Gudanarwa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]]. Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kc6pbhdwshcvvh9gdwqtztdegxr9wi1 163615 163614 2022-08-04T10:28:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu. <ref name=":13" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin. <ref name=":13" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9n5xfh60dq096xmqs925wmmm93rioqc 163616 163615 2022-08-04T10:28:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a. Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kjazx154zgzubqkmzeo6bfyi8s9cpvj 163617 163616 2022-08-04T10:29:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019. Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai. <ref name=":23" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rplf5r5w89kds5pj8ei1ndwcs8eyrd0 163618 163617 2022-08-04T10:29:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa. An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3tas980kdwaix251fqukqwcv7b4tl0v 163619 163618 2022-08-04T10:30:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya. Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7bt6wem7061a7h6n5ano06ys2xz05ky 163620 163619 2022-08-04T10:30:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] iewwl1q7qj6i3zs41y51zgwn8skbfme 163621 163620 2022-08-04T10:31:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018). == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oi78znbkdivic20n8l389zla78j2i08 163622 163621 2022-08-04T10:31:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0bkew8ecn3rtfyouo5y7uouj0yso7xd 163623 163622 2022-08-04T10:31:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen majalisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman'' . Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o5o4h5xz6gyjtq67kgcb7apnzvaydbp 163624 163623 2022-08-04T10:32:32Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati. Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fjevqb8luc54lmtk36pim29llirmnxq 163625 163624 2022-08-04T10:35:22Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]]. {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4db7p11qk8lcs4juwu1pku50s1b1tx6 163626 163625 2022-08-04T10:35:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan. Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] di3tzndozj100bbck2lxloluvc9cn7e 163627 163626 2022-08-04T10:36:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa. <ref name=":03" /> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ohn0rvjnkrdu8beq79em8mnh0rjknqm 163628 163627 2022-08-04T10:37:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref>Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 96q71bsx5l1j73896hrxf0haxwfkig8 163629 163628 2022-08-04T10:37:44Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref>Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya. An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] imwgx7rh7is4gqwknwpztyt1g0zcfzn 163630 163629 2022-08-04T10:38:32Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dimokradiyya a Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref>Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref>"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a. <ref name=":11" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya. <ref name=":11" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun. <ref name=":11" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya. <ref name=":11" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p1bty6ookkbyum17mw3wyzwfcrcdx8z 163631 163630 2022-08-04T10:40:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dimokradiyya a Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|url-status=152–171}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref>Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0ij3etfl1yer234flwhvd14dgu52ch3 163632 163631 2022-08-04T10:41:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Reshen shari'a */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar <a href="./Press%20Freedom%20Index" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Press Freedom Index" class="cx-link" data-linkid="649">World Press Freedom Index</a> na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bmk59diju79yjlu7725qjb6av4xqn7c 163633 163632 2022-08-04T10:42:30Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Matsayin 'yanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai. An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jjvxhf11wr2w9ap60hvl9hncb5zwyqx 163634 163633 2022-08-04T10:42:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Matsayin 'yanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref>"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki. <ref name=":122" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0864nbhb0qmf2v6tiwmkyb13kidm317 163635 163634 2022-08-04T10:43:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Matsayin 'yanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":12" /> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tn1fe3lzcvhi52ymso96z0oku7dqvru 163636 163635 2022-08-04T10:44:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Matsayin 'yanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref>"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci. A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hgtlqgze62xi06cddfm0aq8ej5wersp 163637 163636 2022-08-04T10:45:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Matsayin 'yanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hgacwkhnapuxbcfunlu9f5vzgu14rcs 163638 163637 2022-08-04T10:45:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Matsayin 'yanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani. <ref name=":6" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu. <ref name=":6" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka. <ref name=":6" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance. <ref name=":6" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane. <ref name=":6" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":6" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":6" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa. <ref name=":6" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai. <ref name=":6" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi. <ref name=":6" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya. <ref name=":6" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar. <ref name=":6" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba. <ref name=":6" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago. <ref name=":6" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma. <ref name=":6" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":6" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya. <ref name=":6" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta. <ref name=":6" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tqf4nwk1tlkrctki8gbgri1wx92a3xj 163639 163638 2022-08-04T10:49:25Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Matsayin 'yanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a. <ref name=":6" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1krq6vg55vz78dxa6hy0yltp5yv11av 163640 163639 2022-08-04T10:49:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Matsayin 'yanci */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru. <ref name=":02" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula. <ref name=":02" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci. <ref name=":02" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko. <ref name=":02" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7qo164dynul3rygpnzttzcyag73xl3s 163641 163640 2022-08-04T10:50:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Jam'iyyun siyasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960. Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya. <ref name=":02" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware. <ref name=":02" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista. <ref name=":02" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 21j1dhdbv1gpcte3padlpr8unavhgnl 163642 163641 2022-08-04T10:52:03Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Jam'iyyun siyasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party. == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] apahhcebn6hf0x2w2z7biic0lwht8vz 163643 163642 2022-08-04T10:52:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Jam'iyyun siyasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya. [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba. <ref name=":23" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya . <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cbqd6u2495qxz0ufjcdys7h7167taae 163644 163643 2022-08-04T10:53:09Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya. <ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1npp78ibalk1fsmcb2l9y1qmcui0lz1 163646 163644 2022-08-04T10:53:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref>Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref>Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f6utwtevu0hj0gt4iznekcq9z9vazx6 163660 163646 2022-08-04T11:24:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar. Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jeqte7r6gc146xvi4gfco61pmlw0dmt 163661 163660 2022-08-04T11:25:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref>Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref>Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban. <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|url-status=21–35}}</ref> <ref name=":132" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i2cv5w8s3n99hdbjhew6zrxloc08w74 163662 163661 2022-08-04T11:25:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya. An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":14" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p0l9x084pm59ku6ww148bhngtmuvd0h 163664 163662 2022-08-04T11:26:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya. Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi. <ref name=":14" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne. <ref name=":14" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar. <ref name=":14" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya. <ref name=":14" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu. <ref name=":14" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c9fqlbh5h7ka3ay182vj7q2270aq62e 163665 163664 2022-08-04T11:27:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|url-status=91–118}}</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p6jh2ej6ml7ww3j8qn2o68aj507xrd6 163666 163665 2022-08-04T11:28:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ta'addanci a Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya. <ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. <ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su. <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal|url-status=12–15}}</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu. <ref name=":05" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya. <ref name=":05" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kuzilktcsx28srafzjqj3z1fszmheno 163668 163666 2022-08-04T11:29:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ta'addanci a Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref>Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":9" /> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":9" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja. An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya. <ref name=":52" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma. <ref name=":52" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa. <ref name=":52" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai. <ref name=":52" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki. <ref name=":52" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida. <ref name=":52" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jr9zl9fcttvxhg79pocceizru5df7pr 163669 163668 2022-08-04T11:31:10Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Membobin Commonwealth */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":9" /> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":9" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]] . === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p8tc0opn6d9eeu0sxmn35z99vcxmn92 163671 163669 2022-08-04T11:31:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Jihohin Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":9" /> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":9" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs). Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 01634fs5q8unhrd1xwe9nmy17e8w4bk 163672 163671 2022-08-04T11:31:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":9" /> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":9" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g48mns3ryevndvs4hh1izhdh1c39zx2 163674 163672 2022-08-04T11:34:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ta'addanci a Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|url-status=11–25}}</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1g6y58664b53iigs41uuizuhccrh8r1 163675 163674 2022-08-04T11:34:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare. <ref name=":32" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ak95navv8pnonyrifasx8nfjrxbo2zp 163677 163675 2022-08-04T11:35:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976. == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 007dr7hskhts0o7yy9bz2fk2eiodlru 163678 163677 2022-08-04T11:36:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya. Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 144fago6a8kx1dnsx7ery6fs9egi8x7 163679 163678 2022-08-04T11:36:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref>Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau. <ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska. <ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar. <ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi. <ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. <ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dx8dyvuleay7m82tgt7y0rbgybenv02 163681 163679 2022-08-04T11:38:25Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai. Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k3nec4bbe3q7axv39q3i5472pjtulm6 163682 163681 2022-08-04T11:40:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa. Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki. == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qj1wm3bcmyamg4b2iq4o85qcvg63osg 163684 163682 2022-08-04T11:41:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998. Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0ykhqqo7lsgfh0w533slfkwzwv7j5k7 163686 163684 2022-08-04T11:41:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Soja */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Soja == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ten73aejg4qis76911147nd207tuv7v 163687 163686 2022-08-04T11:42:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Soja */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja. Brigade na Guards. Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bes4yw7zcgajsyoldd0ys6d63uaulle 163688 163687 2022-08-04T11:44:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Sojojin Najeriya */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato Brigade of Guards.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar. Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 700ualbmin4b1zt3fdpfc94io01qara 163689 163688 2022-08-04T11:44:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Alakar kasashen waje */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato Brigade of Guards.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.<ref>Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". ''African Union,Peace and Security Department''. Retrieved 2021-10-01.</ref> Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama. Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai. <ref name=":23" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya. <ref name=":23" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan. <ref name=":23" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ee8nq5xn6j65r9otj1okjqil69tbsei 163691 163689 2022-08-04T11:45:25Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Alakar kasashen waje */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato Brigade of Guards.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.<ref>Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". ''African Union,Peace and Security Department''. Retrieved 2021-10-01.</ref> Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama.<ref name=":3" /> Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai.<ref name=":3" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.<ref name=":3" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa. Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba. <ref name=":23" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bdd1hh9o5xg6iha5jikmc57slobwjta 163692 163691 2022-08-04T11:45:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Jarida */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato Brigade of Guards.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.<ref>Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". ''African Union,Peace and Security Department''. Retrieved 2021-10-01.</ref> Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama.<ref name=":3" /> Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai.<ref name=":3" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.<ref name=":3" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa.<ref name=":3" /> Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba.<ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p69f3cu49qze4jb910jb29w7so71o50 163693 163692 2022-08-04T11:46:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Alakar kasashen waje */ wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|na majalisa]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato ''Brigade of Guards''.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.<ref>Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". ''African Union,Peace and Security Department''. Retrieved 2021-10-01.</ref> Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama.<ref name=":3" /> Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai.<ref name=":3" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.<ref name=":3" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa.<ref name=":3" /> Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba.<ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e5heeiqw97j7fom57fncsf9zhffly5v 163695 163693 2022-08-04T11:47:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisa dokoki]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda tsarin mulkin Najeriya ta ba su iko a [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar]] dokokin kasar da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]] . Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato ''Brigade of Guards''.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.<ref>Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". ''African Union,Peace and Security Department''. Retrieved 2021-10-01.</ref> Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama.<ref name=":3" /> Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai.<ref name=":3" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.<ref name=":3" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa.<ref name=":3" /> Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba.<ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 38e1lvwfltcr7336v7snhucuagejm15 163698 163695 2022-08-04T11:53:09Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisa dokoki]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda kundin tsarin mulki ta ba su iko daga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya a Majalisa da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]]. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato ''Brigade of Guards''.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.<ref>Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". ''African Union,Peace and Security Department''. Retrieved 2021-10-01.</ref> Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama.<ref name=":3" /> Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai.<ref name=":3" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.<ref name=":3" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa.<ref name=":3" /> Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba.<ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d7h75j5qxnwl2shha4s1loy06khkw8c 163699 163698 2022-08-04T11:54:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|'yan majalisu]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda kundin tsarin mulki ta ba su iko daga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya a Majalisa da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]]. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwar kawuna da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato ''Brigade of Guards''.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.<ref>Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". ''African Union,Peace and Security Department''. Retrieved 2021-10-01.</ref> Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama.<ref name=":3" /> Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai.<ref name=":3" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.<ref name=":3" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa.<ref name=":3" /> Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba.<ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6ys98nsfbojx4jscfsu42b4av8sov39 163702 163699 2022-08-04T11:58:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Gwamnatin '''tarayyar Najeriya''' tana da rassa guda uku: [[Majalisar Najeriya|'yan majalisu]], zartaswa, da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|shari'a]], wadanda kundin tsarin mulki ta ba su iko daga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya a Majalisa da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] da kotunan tarayya ciki har da [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli]]. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi rarrabuwa mukamai da daidaito a tsakanin bangarorin guda uku da nufin hana maimaita kura-kuran da gwamnati ta yi a baya.<ref>Tobi, Niki (1981). "Judicial Independence in Nigeria". ''International Law Practitioner''. '''6''': 62.</ref><ref>Herskovits, Jean (1979). "Democracy in Nigeria". ''Foreign Affairs''. '''58''' (2): 314–335. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/20040417. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0015-7120. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 20040417.</ref> [[Najeriya]] jamhuriya ce ta tarayya, wacce shugaban kasa ke amfani da ikon zartarwa [[Shugaban Nijeriya|.]] Shugaban kasa shi ne [[shugaban kasa]], [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]], kuma shugaban tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa . Siyasar Najeriya tana gudana ne a cikin tsarin tarayya, shugaban kasa, jamhuriya dimokuradiyya mai wakilci, inda gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartarwa. Gwamnatin tarayya ce ke da ikon yin doka da kuma majalisun dokoki guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|dattawa]]. A dunkule, majalisun biyu su ne hukumar da ke kafa doka a Najeriya, wadda ake kira majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ke zaman tantance bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>ago, Lydia Mosiana 11 months. "The Executive Arm of Government | Arms of Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2022-02-20.</ref> The Economist Intelligence Unit ya kimanta Najeriya a matsayin " tsararrun tsarin mulki " a 2019.<ref name=":0">"SOURCES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NIGERIAN LAW". ''Newswatch Times''. Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-23.</ref> Gwamnatin Tarayya, Jihohi, da Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya na da burin yin aiki tare domin gudanar da mulkin kasa da al’ummarta.<ref>"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Najeriya ta zama mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960.<ref name=":14">Hydrant (<nowiki>http://www.hydrant.co.uk</nowiki>) (2013-08-15). "Nigeria". ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 2020-11-18.</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == Shari'ar [[Najeriya]] ta ginu ne a kan bin doka, 'yancin kai na bangaren shari'a, da dokokin gama-gari na Birtaniyya (saboda dogon tarihin tasirin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ). Doka ta gama gari a tsarin shari'a tana kama da tsarin dokokin gama gari da ake amfani da su a Ingila da Wales da sauran ƙasashen Commonwealth . Tsarin mulki na yanayin doka yana cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya.<ref>"GUIDE TO NIGERIAN LEGAL INFORMATION - GlobaLex". ''www.nyulawglobal.org''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> * Dokar Turai, wadda ta samo asali daga mulkin mallaka da Birtaniya; * Doka ta gama gari, cigaban shari'a tun lokacin mulkin mallaka; * Doka ta al'ada, wacce ta samo asali daga al'adun gargajiya da harki; * [[Shari'a|Sharia]], dokar da ake amfani da ita a wasu jihohi a yankin arewacin Najeriya. Akwai reshen shari'a, kuma an ɗaukar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Koli]] a matsayin kolluwar shari'a a Ƙasar. === Doka a matsayin tushen dokokin Najeriya === Hanyoyi biyu na asali na dokokin Najeriya ta hanyar zartarwa sune<ref name=":0" /> (1) Ayyukan majalisar dokokin Biritaniya, waɗanda aka fi sani da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace na gama-gari kafin samun 'yancin kai.<ref name=":15">Ollennu, N. M. (1961). "The Influence of English Law on West Africa". ''Journal of African Law''. '''5'''(1): 21–35. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S002185530000293X. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8553. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 745094.</ref> (2) Dokokin cikin gida (wanda ya kunshi dokokin Najeriya daga lokacin mulkin mallaka har zuwa yau). Akwai kuma wasu kafofin da duk da cewa an shigar da su a cikin ka'idojin Najeriya musamman shigo da su cikin tsarin dokokin Najeriya. Ana kiran su da ''criminal and penal codes'' na Najeriya.<ref name=":1">"Nigerian Legal System | Post-Independence Nigerian Government". ''Nigerian Scholars''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin Najeriya a matsayin tushen ka'idoji a Najeriya === Ana iya rarraba dokokin Najeriya kamar haka. ''Zamanin mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1960, dokoki bayan 'yancin kai 1960-1966, zamanin soja 1966-1999''.<ref>"Nigeria - Independent Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-21.</ref> === Dokokin bayan samun yancin kai 1960-1966 === Ba wa Najeriya ‘yancin kai ya kasance wani muhimmin abu a tarihin siyasar kasar. Wannan lokaci ya shaida cigaban siyasa da aka samu a lokacin mulkin mallaka. [[Ɗan siyasa|’Yan siyasa]] da gaske sun mayar da hankali kan gazawarsu a harkokin siyasa. Ta samu wa kanta matsayin jamhuriya ta hanyar kakkaɓe manyan hurumin da jami'an mulkin mallaka ke rike dasu.<ref>Dunmoye, R. Ayo (1987). ''traditional leadership and political hegemony in Nigeria: past, present and future''. department of political science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.</ref> Duk da haka, duk da tashe-tashen hankula da aka yi wa tanada, kundin tsarin mulkin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya (na soja ko waninsa).<ref name=":1" /> === Mulkin Soja, 1966-1999 === Ba za a danganta tabarbarewar doka da oda da aka samu a lokacin da ake yin nazari a kan duk wani lahani da ke cikin tsarin shari’ar Najeriya ba. Cin hanci da rashawa a siyasance da duk wani al'amari na rayuwar Najeriya ya lalata inganci da ci gaba. An yi yunkurin juyin mulki sau 8 gaba daya, biyar sun yi nasara, 3 kuma ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Reshen Gudanarwa == [[File:Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png/220px-Vice_President_Yemi_Osinbajo_and_President_Buhari.png|left|thumb| Mataimakin shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo da shugaba Buhari]] Ana zaben shugaban kasa ta hanyar zabe na dukkannin mutanen gari . Shugaban kasa shi ne jagoara a kasa kuma shugaban gwamnati, wanda ke jagorantar majalisar zartarwa ta tarayya, ko majalisar ministoci. An zabi shugaban kasa ne don ganin an samar da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da kuma yadda dokar ta shafi jama’a.<ref name=":2">"Practical Law UK Signon". ''signon.thomsonreuters.com''. Retrieved 2020-10-30.</ref> Shi ma zababben shugaban kasar shi ne ke kula da sojojin kasar, kuma ba zai iya yin wa'adi fiye da biyu na shekaru hudu kowanne wa'adi ba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">"Government". ''Wildwap.com''. Retrieved 2020-11-05.</ref> Shugaban Najeriya a yanzu shi ne Muhammadu Buhari, wanda aka zabe shi a shekarar 2015 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa a yanzu Yemi Oshinbajo.<ref name=":3" /> Bangaren zartaswa dai ya kasu zuwa ma’aikatun tarayya, kowanne daga cikin na karkashin jagorancin ministoci da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasa]] ya nada. Dole ne shugaban kasa ya sanya akalla mamba daya daga kowacce jihohi 36 a cikin majalisarsa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawan Najeriya]] ke tabbatar da nadin shugaban kasar. A wasu lokuta, ministan tarayya kan samu alhakin kula da fiye da ma'aikata ɗaya (misali, muhalli da gidaje ana iya haɗa su), ko kuma minista ɗaya ko fiye da ministocin jihohi.<ref>"Government Ministries in Nigeria". Commonwealth of Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> Kowace ma'aikatar kuma tana da Sakatare na dindindin, wanda babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ne.<ref>"Permanent Secretaries". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2009-12-20.</ref> Ma'aikatun suna da alhakin ayyuka daban-daban (wurare na mallakin gwamnati ), kamar jami'o'i, Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta Kasa, da Kamfanin Mai na [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, alhakin wasu ma'aikatu na karkashin ofishin shugaban kasa, kamar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa]], Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikata ta Tarayya.<ref>"BOARDS OF PARASTATALS". Office of the Head of Service of the Federation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-12-21.</ref> == Reshen majalisa == [[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg/220px-Nigeria%27s_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin Najeriya tare da Mace]] [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] tana da zauruka guda biyu: majalisar wakilai da ta dattawa. Kakakin majalisar wakilai ne ke jagorantar ita majalisar. Tana da mambobi 360, wadanda aka zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabun kujeru guda. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattijai]] na da wakilai 109 tana karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar. Ana zaben mambobi 108 na tsawon shekaru hudu a mazabu 36 masu kujeru uku wadanda suka yi daidai da [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jahohin]] kasar 36 . Ana zaban mamba daya na kujeru daya tak a mazabar [[Abuja|babban birnin tarayya]].<ref>PETER, Abraham; PETERSIDE, Zainab (2019). Ovwasa, Onovwakponoko (ed.). ''THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND LAW – MAKING IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC''. Nigeria: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Lokoja. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-57027-8-1|<bdi>978-978-57027-8-1</bdi>]].</ref> Ana zabar ’yan majalisa ne ko dai a Majalisar Wakilai ko a Majalisar Dattawa domin su zama wakilan mazabarsu da samar da wata doka da za ta amfanar da jama’a.<ref name=":2" /> Tsarin doka ya ƙunshi kuɗaɗen da ake tsarawa da gabatar da su a cikin ɗaruruwan majalisun biyu.<ref name=":2" /> Wadannan kudirorin za su iya zama doka ta kasa kawai idan shugaban Najeriya ya amince da su wanda zai iya yin watsi da kudirin.<ref name=":2" /> A halin yanzu dai shugaban majalisar dattawan shi ne [[Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan]], wanda aka zaba zuwa majalisar dattawa a shekarar 2007, kuma shugaban majalisar [[Femi Gbajabiamila]], wanda ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai na Najeriya na 9 tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Za a iya owane dan majalisar dokokin Najeriya zabe shi zuwa fiye da shekaru hudu kawai.<ref name=":3" /> A baya-bayan nan dai, majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi amfani da matsayinta wajen yin katsalandan, a matsayin tantance ikon shugaban kasa da majalisar ministocinsa.<ref>"Checks and Balances Between the Branches of Government". ''Building Democracy for All''. 2020.</ref> An san ’yan majalisa da yin amfani da ikonsu ba kawai yin doka ba, amma a matsayin hanyar tsoratarwa ta siyasa da kuma kayan aiki don inganta nasarar kuɗin kuɗi na mutum ɗaya.<ref>Little, William; Little, William (2014-11-06). ''Introduction to Sociology - 1st Canadian Edition''. BCcampus.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> Ana biyan Sanatoci albashin da ya kai dalar Amurka sama da $ 2,200 a wata, wanda aka yi masu kari da kudaden da suke kasheaw dalar Amurka $ 37,500 a kowanne wata (alkalumman 2018).<ref>"Nigerian senator salary calculator: How do you compare?". ''BBC News''. April 2018.</ref><ref>Omotoso, Femi; Oladeji, Olayide (2019). "Legislative Oversight in the Nigerian Fourth Republic". ''Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development''. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1007/978-3-030-11905-8_4.</ref> == Reshen shari'a == Bangaren shari’a ya kunshi [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun koli ta Najeriya]], kotun daukaka kara, manyan kotuna, da sauran kotunan shari’a irin su Majistare da na al’ada da [[Shari'a|shari’a]] da sauran kotuna ''na musamman.''<ref>"Court System in Nigeria". The Beehive by [[One Economy Corporation]]. Archived from the originalon February 25, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Majalisar shari’a ta kasa tana aiki ne a matsayin hukumar zartarwa mai zaman kanta, tana mai kare bangaren shari’a da bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati.<ref>"Constitution". The National Judicial Council. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2012.</ref> Babban Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya da wasu alkalai goma sha uku ne ke jagorantar [[Kotun Koli Ta Najeriya|kotun kolin]] na Najeriya, wadanda [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban kasar]] ke nadawa bisa shawarar majalisar shari'a ta kasa. [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar dattawa]] za ta tabbatar da wadannan alkalan.<ref>SUBERU, ROTIMI (2017). "The Supreme Court of Nigeria". In ARONEY, NICHOLAS (ed.). ''The Supreme Court of Nigeria: An Embattled Judiciary More Centralist Than Federalist''. University of Toronto Press. pp. 290–327. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781487500627|<bdi>9781487500627</bdi>]]. JSTOR10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.14.</ref> Bangaren shari’a na gwamnatin Najeriya daya ne tilo daga cikin bangarori uku na gwamnatin da ba a zaben mambobinta amma ake nada su. Bangaren shari’a, musamman kotun koli, an yi niyya ne don kiyaye ka’idoji da dokokin kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da aka rubuta a shekarar 1999.<ref name=":11" /> Manufarta ita ce ta kare hakkin 'yan kasa.<ref name=":11">Grove, David Lavan (1963). "The Sentinels of Liberty- The Nigerian Judiciary and Fundamental Rights". ''Journal of African Law''. '''7''' (3): 152–171. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021855300001996 – via HeinOnline.</ref> Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya na Kotun Koli a yanzu shine [[Olukayode Ariwoola]].<ref name=":3" /> {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" style="margin:3px; border:3px solid #000000;" | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | '''Ofishin''' | '''Suna''' | '''Lokaci''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000" | |- | Alkalin Alkalai | '''[[Olukayode Ariwoola]]''' | align="left" | 2011 - yanzu |- |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Musa Dattijo Muhammad]]''' | align="left" | 2012 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Kudirat Kekere-Ekun]]''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''John Inyang Okoro''' | align="left" | 2013 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Chima Centus Nweze''' | align="left" | 2014 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''[[Amina Augie|Amina Adamu Augie]]''' | align="left" | 2016 - yanzu |- | Haɗa adalci | '''[[Uwani Musa Abba Aji]]''' | align="left" | 2018 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''M. Lawal Garba''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Helen M. Ogunwumiju''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Abdu Aboki''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''INM Saulawa''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Adamu Jauro''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Tijjani Abubakar''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |- | Associate Justice | '''Emmanuel A. Agim''' | align="left" | 2020 - yanzu |} == Dimokradiyya a Najeriya == Najeriya ta fara mulkin dimokuradiyya a shekarar 1999 da farawar ta a matsayin jamhuriya ta hudu, amma ta sha fama da koma baya ta yadda ta zama cikakkiyar dimokradiyya.<ref name=":5">"Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance | Nigeria | U.S. Agency for International Development". ''www.usaid.gov''. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> An gano manyan mutane a Najeriya suna da karfin iko da tasiri fiye da talakawan ’yan kasa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an samu cin hanci da rashawa da yawa a siyasar Najeriya da rayuwar jama’a.<ref name=":5" /> Kyakkyawan alamar [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]] a Najeriya ita ce yadda zabuka ke kara samun raguwar magudi sannan kuma ana kara samun fafatawar jam’iyya.<ref name=":5" /> Wani abin da ke nuna dimokraɗiyya mai ƙarfi shi ne kasancewar ƙungiyoyin farar hula waɗanda 'yan ƙasa ke da 'yancin yin aiki da magana cikin yardar kaina tare da yin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi don rayuwar yau da kullun.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da kari, Najeriya ta ga yadda ake amfani da kafafen yada labarai a fagen siyasa, musamman ma zanga-zangar (Special Anti-Robbery Squad) na SARS na baya-bayan nan, wanda ke nuni da samun ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki ga jama’a don bayyana ra’ayoyinsu ga gwamnati da duniya.<ref name=":5" /> === Matsayin 'yanci === A bisa kididdigar "World Press Freedom Index" na shekara ta 2020, Najeriya ce kasa ta 115 mafi ‘yanci a duniya. Ana kallonta a matsayin kasa mai ci gaba da cin zarafi al'ummar ta da dakile 'yancin magana da yada labarai.<ref name=":12">"Nigeria : Climate of permanent violence | Reporters without borders". ''RSF''. Retrieved 2020-11-16.</ref> An gano Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai rauni, duka da ke cikin hadarin bautar zamani da cin hanci da rashawa. Al'ummar kasar na cikin mawuyacin hali saboda illolin rikice-rikice na cikin gida da al'amuran mulki.<ref name=":13">"Africa | Global Slavery Index". ''www.globalslaveryindex.org''. Retrieved 2020-11-16</ref> Freedom House ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin kasa mai ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci.<ref name=":13" /> A zaben shugaban kasa da ya gabata, tsarin ya gurgunta ta da tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa da sayen kuri’u, wadanda suka yi kamari a yawancin zabukan da aka yi a Najeriya.<ref name=":16">"Nigeria". ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Hakazalika, a zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokoki na baya-bayan nan, ‘yan kasar sun yi iƙirarin cewa tsarin yana da nasaba da tsoratarwa da wasu sabani.<ref name=":16" /> Ana kyautata zaton za a aiwatar da tsarin zabe da dokokin da ke da alaka da su ta hanyar da ta dace, amma an yi ta samun rikita-rikitar zabe da gangan da kuma haifar da fitowar jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Al’ummar Najeriya suna jin kamar akwai ‘yancin da suke da shi na samun jam’iyyun siyasa daban-daban da za su wakilci ra’ayoyinsu.<ref name=":16" /> An misalta hakan ne da dimbin halaltattun jam’iyyu da aka gani a zabuka.<ref name=":16" /> Hakazalika, jam'iyyun adawar Najeriya na da halastacciyar dama ta shiga harkokin siyasa da kuma samun mukamai a hukumance.<ref name=":16" /> Dangane da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki na siyasa, Freedom House ta nuna cewa ra'ayoyi da cibiyoyi galibi suna yin tasiri sosai daga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na waje ko daidaikun mutane.<ref name=":16" /> A Najeriya, dukkan kabilu da addinai suna da damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai gwargwado, duk da haka, akwai karancin mata da aka zaba a cikin gwamnati, an kuma lalata dangantakar jinsi daya a shekarar 2014.<ref name=":16" /> Ana zabar jami’an gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya kamar shugaban kasa da ‘yan majalisar dokoki ne domin su samar da manufofi da dokoki, kuma yawanci ana ba su damar yin hakan ba tare da tsangwama ba, amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, an yi ta fama da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Cin hanci da rashawa dai ya kasance babbar matsala ga gwamnatin Najeriya tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":16" /> Musamman bangaren mai ya ba da damar cin hanci da rashawa da yawa.<ref name=":16" /> Gwamnati ta yi kokarin samar da matakan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cin karo da ayyukan jihar, amma abin ya ci tura kawai.<ref name=":16" /> An kuma bayyana gwamnati a matsayin rashin gaskiya, sau da yawa ba ta barin bayanan da ya kamata a samu ga jama'a.<ref name=":16" /> Aikin jarida da kafafen yada labarai a Najeriya suna da ‘yanci, ana ba su damar gudanar da ayyukansu ba tare da gwamnati ba, amma sau da yawa ana kamawa ko kuma tantance wadanda ke sukar manyan mutane ko ofisoshi.<ref name=":16" /> Ƙungiya mai kama da mafia, Black Axe, tana da hannu cikin cin hanci da rashawa na duniya ta hanyar amfani da zamba musamman a kan layi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a labarin BBC. An amince da ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, amma an san gwamnati da ma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mayar da martani ga kungiyoyin da ke nuna adawa da gwamnatin tarayya.<ref name=":16" /> Addini abu ne da ake ta cece-kuce a Najeriya saboda zafafan rigingimu da ake fama da su a tsakanin [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] da [[Musulmi]] a jihar.<ref name=":16" /> Freedom House ta bayyana gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya a fannin ba da yancin karatu, da kuma yadda jama'a za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ko da kuwa ba su amince da gwamnati ba ba tare da tsoron mayar da martani daga gwamnati ba.<ref name=":16" /> An yi wa gwamnatin Najeriya kima mai matsakaicin ra'ayi kan iya haduwa da jama'a, iya aiki da hakkin dan Adam, da kasancewar kungiyoyin kwadago.<ref name=":16" /> An kididdige bangaren shari'a a matsayin mai matsakaicin 'yanci daga gwamnati, kuma ba shi da tsari a cikin gwaji da daidaita daidaito ga dukkan al'umma.<ref name=":16" /> Jama’a a Najeriya ba su da ’yancin fita waje, kuma galibi ana saka dokar ta-baci da gwamnatin tarayya ta kayyade a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar tashin hankali ko rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":16" /> Akwai karancin kariya ga mata ta fuskar ‘yancin zubar da ciki, fyade, da cin zarafin gida a karkashin gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref name=":16" /> A karshe dai ana fama da matsalar [[Fataucin Mutane a Najeriya|safarar mutane]] a Najeriya da kuma yawaitar cin zarafin ‘yan kasa wanda gwamnatin tarayya ta yi aikin da bai dace ba na hana ta.<ref name=":16" /> == Jam'iyyun siyasa == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda 18 da aka amince da su a Najeriya.<ref name=":6">"The Role of Political Parties in Nigeria's Fledgling Democracy" (PDF). ''International Republic Institute''. 2020.</ref> Akwai jam’iyyu da dama a sakamakon cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin da suka kunno kai a Najeriya da suka dabaibaye gwamnatin tarayya da kuma zabuka na tsawon shekaru.<ref name=":6" /> Yawancin jam'iyyun suna da wuyar kula.<ref name=":6" /> Manyan jam’iyyun biyu dai su ne [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party]] da All Progressives Congress, wadanda dukkansu sun rike shugabancin kasa da kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar na tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":6" /> Sabanin jam’iyyu a wasu kasashe da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyin siyasa da jama’a za su yi daidai da su, jam’iyyu a Najeriya sun fi yin aiki a matsayin hanyar da fitattun mutane za su iya samun madafun iko da tasiri, kuma akwai da yawa saboda sau da yawa suna sauya sheka. jam'iyyu domin samun wanda zai ba su dama mafi kyawu na samun iko.<ref name=":6" /> Jam'iyyun siyasa sun kasance wani muhimmin al'amari na gwamnatin Najeriya kafin da kuman bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka a 1960.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyu suna ba da damar yin gasa ta siyasa, don ’yan kasa su sami mutanen da ke wakiltar ra’ayoyinsu da muradun su a cikin gwamnati, don bullo da sabbin shugabanni da ra’ayoyi a cikin rayuwar Nijeriya.<ref name=":6" /> ‘Yan Najeriya da dama ba su fahimci tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa ba saboda akwai zabi da yawa kuma tsarin su bai bayyana ga jama’a ba.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan lamari dai ya ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a Najeriya domin ya mayar da wadanda ba su da ilimi ko kuma ba su da hannu a gwamnati saniyar ware.<ref name=":6" /> Har ila yau, da alama ana samun ra'ayin jama'a a Najeriya na goyon bayan jam'iyyun da suka danganci kabilanci na addini, musamman ta fuskar rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista.<ref name=":6" /> Jam’iyyun siyasa 18 sun hada da: Accord, Action Alliance, Action Democratic Party, Action Peoples Party, African Action Congress, African Democratic Congress, All Progressives Congress, All Progressives Grand Alliance, Allied Peoples Movement, Boot Party, Labour Party, National Rescue Movement, New Nigeria Peoples Party, Peoples Democratic Party, Peoples Redemption Party, Social Democratic Party, Young Progressive Party, Zenith Labour Party.<ref>"Political Parties – INEC Nigeria". ''www.inecnigeria.org''. Retrieved 2020-10-28.</ref> == Tsarin zabe da zabukan baya-bayan nan == 'Yan kasa da suka kai kimanin shekaru 18 ne ke daman yin zaben shugaban kasa da 'yan majalisar dokoki a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar zabe ta kasa]] ce ke da alhakin sanya ido kan zaben da kuma tabbatar da cewa sakamakon ya kasance daidai ba na magudi ba.<ref name=":3" /> An zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara lashe kujera ta hanyar tsarin farko da aka yi amfani da shi a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya ta fuskanci zabuka da dama na magudi, musamman ma babban zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007.<ref name=":7">Goitom, Hanibal (May 2015). "Nigeria: Election Laws | Law Library of Congress". ''www.loc.gov''.</ref> Rahotanni sun nuna cewa wannan zaben ya yi fama da magudin zabe, kada kuri’an kanana yara, tashe-tashen hankula, tsoratarwa, da kuma rashin fayyace gaskiya da sahihanci daga hukumar zabe ta kasa baki daya.<ref name=":7" /> === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2015 === {{Bar box}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Dan takara ! Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[Muhammadu Buhari]] | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | 15,424,921 | 53.96 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Goodluck Jonathan]] | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | 12,853,162 | 44.96 |- | | align="left" | Adebayo Ayeni | align="left" | Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Afirka | 53,537 | 0.19 |- | | align="left" | Ganiyu Galadima | align="left" | Allied Congress Party of Nigeria | 40,311 | 0.14 |- | | align="left" | Sam Eke | align="left" | Shahararriyar Jam'iyyar Jama'a | 36,300 | 0.13 |- | | align="left" | Rufus Salau | align="left" | Alliance for Democracy | 30,673 | 0.11 |- | | align="left" | Mani Ahmad | align="left" | African Democratic Congress | 29,665 | 0.10 |- | | align="left" | Allagoa Chinedu | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya | 24,475 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Martin Onovo | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Lantarki ta Kasa | 24,455 | 0.09 |- | | align="left" | Tunde Anifowose-Kelani | align="left" | Kudin hannun jari Accord Alliance BOP | 22,125 | 0.08 |- | | align="left" | Chekwas Okorie | align="left" | United Progressive Party | 18,220 | 0.06 |- | | align="left" | Comfort Sonaiya | align="left" | Jam'iyyar KOWA | 13,076 | 0.05 |- | | align="left" | Godson Okoye | align="left" | Jam'iyyar United Democratic Party | 9,208 | 0.03 |- | | align="left" | Ambrose Albert Owuru | align="left" | Jam'iyyar Fata | 7,435 | 0.03 |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | 844,519 | - |- | colspan="3" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | '''29,432,083''' | '''100''' |- | colspan="3" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | 67,422,005 | 43.65 |- | colspan="5" align="left" | Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051326/http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/summary-of-results.pdf INEC] |} === Majalisar wakilai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 100 | |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 125 | |- | | align="left" | Sauran jam'iyyun | | | 10 | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''233''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: Reuters [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132054/http://tribuneonlineng.com/content/apc-clears-jigawa Nigeria Tribune] |} === Majalisar Dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! colspan="2" |Biki ! Ƙuri'u ! % ! Kujeru ! +/- |- | style="background-color: {{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | align="left" | [[All Progressives Congress|Jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] | | | 60 |</img> 19 |- | style="background-color: {{party color|People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | align="left" | [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party]] | | | 70 |</img> 15 |- | | align="left" | [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] | | | | |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Kuri'u marasa inganci/marasa kyau | | - | - | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | '''Jimlar''' | | | '''109''' | - |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Masu jefa ƙuri'a / masu yin rajista | | | - | - |- | colspan="6" align="left" | Source: [https://melody.com.ng/movies-download/ ''Zazzagewar Fina-Finan''] |} === Zaben Shugabancin Najeriya, 2019 === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Candidate !Party !Votes !% |- | |[[Muhammadu Buhari]] |[[All Progressives Congress]] |15,191,847 |55.60 |- | |[[Atiku Abubakar]] |[[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]] |11,262,978 |41.22 |- | |Felix Nicolas |Peoples Coalition Party |110,196 |0.40 |- | |Obadiah Mailafia |African Democratic Congress |97,874 |0.36 |- | |Gbor John Wilson Terwase |All Progressives Grand Alliance |66,851 |0.24 |- | |[[Yabagi Sani|Yabagi Sani Yusuf]] |Action Democratic Party |54,930 |0.20 |- | |Akhimien Davidson Isibor |Grassroots Development Party of Nigeria |41,852 |0.15 |- | |Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan |African Peoples Alliance |36,866 |0.13 |- | |Donald Duke |Social Democratic Party |34,746 |0.13 |- | |[[Omoyele Sowore]] |African Action Congress |33,953 |0.12 |- | |Da-Silva Thomas Ayo |Save Nigeria Congress |28,680 |0.10 |- | |Shitu Mohammed Kabir |Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance |26,558 |0.10 |- | |Yusuf Mamman Dantalle |Allied Peoples' Movement |26,039 |0.10 |- | |[[Kingsley Moghalu]] |Young Progressive Party |21,886 |0.08 |- | |Ameh Peter Ojonugwa |Progressive Peoples Alliance |21,822 |0.08 |- | |Ositelu Isaac Babatunde |Accord Party |19,209 |0.07 |- | |Fela Durotoye |Alliance for New Nigeria |16,779 |0.06 |- | |Bashayi Isa Dansarki |Masses Movement of Nigeria |14,540 |0.05 |- | |Osakwe Felix Johnson |Democratic People's Party |14,483 |0.05 |- | |Abdulrashid Hassan Baba |Action Alliance |14,380 |0.05 |- | |Nwokeafor Ikechukwu Ndubuisi |Advanced Congress of Democrats |11,325 |0.04 |- | |Maina Maimuna Kyari |Northern People's Congress |10,081 |0.04 |- | |Victor Okhai |Providence Peoples Congress |8,979 |0.03 |- | |Chike Ukaegbu |Advanced Allied Party |8,902 |0.03 |- | |[[Oby Ezekwesili]] |Allied Congress Party of Nigeria |7,223 |0.03 |- | |Ibrahim Usman Alhaji |National Rescue Movement |6,229 |0.02 |- | |Ike Keke |New Nigeria People's Party |6,111 |0.02 |- | |Moses Ayibiowu |National Unity Party |5,323 |0.02 |- | |Awosola Williams Olusola |Democratic Peoples Congress |5,242 |0.02 |- | |Muhammed Usman Zaki |[[Nigeria Labour Party|Labour Party]] |5,074 |0.02 |- | |Eke Samuel Chukwuma |Green Party of Nigeria |4,924 |0.02 |- | |Nwachukwu Chuks Nwabuikwu |All Grassroots Alliance |4,689 |0.02 |- | |[[Hamza al-Mustapha]] |Peoples Party of Nigeria |4,622 |0.02 |- | |Shipi Moses Godia |All Blended Party |4,523 |0.02 |- | |Chris Okotie |Fresh Democratic Party |4,554 |0.02 |- | |Tope Fasua |Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party |4,340 |0.02 |- | |Onwubuya |Freedom And Justice Party |4,174 |0.02 |- | |Asukwo Mendie Archibong |Nigeria For Democracy |4,096 |0.01 |- | |Ahmed Buhari |Sustainable National Party |3,941 |0.01 |- | |Salisu Yunusa Tanko |National Conscience Party |3,799 |0.01 |- | |Shittu Moshood Asiwaju |Alliance National Party |3,586 |0.01 |- | |Obinna Uchechukwu Ikeagwuonu |All People's Party |3,585 |0.01 |- | |Balogun Isiaka Ishola |United Democratic Party |3,170 |0.01 |- | |Obaje Yusufu Ameh |Advanced Nigeria Democratic Party |3,104 |0.01 |- | |Chief Umenwa Godwin |All Grand Alliance Party |3,071 |0.01 |- | |Israel Nonyerem Davidson, |Reform and Advancement Party |2,972 |0.01 |- | |Ukonga Frank |Democratic Alternative |2,769 |0.01 |- | |Santuraki Hamisu |Mega Party of Nigeria |2,752 |0.01 |- | |Funmilayo Adesanya-Davies |Mass Action Joint Alliance |2,651 |0.01 |- | |[[Gbenga Olawepo-Hashim]] |Peoples Trust |2,613 |0.01 |- | |Ali Soyode |Yes Electorates Solidarity |2,394 |0.01 |- | |Nsehe Nseobong |Restoration Party of Nigeria |2,388 |0.01 |- | |Ojinika Geff Chizee |Coalition for Change |2,391 |0.01 |- | |Rabia Yasai Hassan Cengiz |National Action Council |2,279 |0.01 |- | |Eunice Atuejide |National Interest Party |2,248 |0.01 |- | |Dara John |Alliance of Social Democrats |2,146 |0.01 |- | |Fagbenro-byron Samuel Adesina |Kowa Party |1,911 |0.01 |- | |[[Emmanuel Ishie Etim|Emmanuel Etim]] |Change Nigeria Party |1,874 |0.01 |- | |Chukwu-Eguzolugo Sunday Chikendu |Justice Must Prevail Party |1,853 |0.01 |- | |Madu Nnamdi Edozie |Independent Democrats |1,845 |0.01 |- | |Osuala Chukwudi John |Re-build Nigeria Party |1,792 |0.01 |- | |Albert Owuru Ambrose |Hope Democratic Party |1,663 |0.01 |- | |David Esosa Ize-Iyamu |Better Nigeria Progressive Party |1,649 |0.01 |- | |Inwa Ahmed Sakil |Unity Party of Nigeria |1,631 |0.01 |- | |Akpua Robinson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,588 |0.01 |- | |Mark Emmanuel Audu |United Patriots |1,561 |0.01 |- | |Ishaka Paul Ofemile |Nigeria Elements Progressive Party |1,524 |0.01 |- | |Kriz David |Liberation Movement |1,438 |0.01 |- | |Ademola Babatunde Abidemi |Nigeria Community Movement Party |1,378 |0.01 |- | |A. Edosomwan Johnson |National Democratic Liberty Party |1,192 |0.00 |- | |Angela Johnson |Alliance for a United Nigeria |1,092 |0.00 |- | |Abah Lewis Elaigwu |Change Advocacy Party |1,111 |0.00 |- | |Nwangwu Uchenna Peter |We The People Nigeria |732 |0.00 |- | colspan="3" |Invalid/blank votes |1,289,607 |– |- | colspan="3" |'''Total''' |'''28,614,190''' |'''100''' |- | colspan="3" |Registered voters/turnout |82,344,107 |34.75 |- | colspan="5" |Source: Vanguard |} == Dangantakar Kirista da Musulmi == [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg/220px-National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_02.jpg|left|thumb| National Church of Nigeria dake Abuja]] Shari’ar Musulunci ta shiga cikin zukatan gwamnatocin jihohin Najeriya da dama, musamman a yankin arewacin kasar.<ref name=":17">Oladoyinbo, Vincent (2019). "Wiki Express". ''Wiki Express''.</ref> Akwai adawa mai tsanani tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya, don haka gwamnati ta dauki wani salo na tsarin shari'a na Ingilishi da na Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] a yayin da ake tunkarar batutuwan da suka shafi shari'a domin gamsar da al'ummar kasar daban-daban.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /> Najeriya ce kasa mafi yawan al'ummar Kirista da Musulmi da ke zama tare a duniya.<ref name=":18">Akinade, Akintunde E. (2002). "The Precarious Agenda: Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Nigeria" (PDF). ''Hartford Seminary''.</ref> An bullo da wadannan addinan guda biyu ne a Najeriya musamman a lokacin mulkin mallaka, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin al’ummar Afirka sun hade nasu addinan gargajiya da wadannan guda biyu da aka kafa. <ref name=":18" /> [[File:2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg/220px-2009_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_6349959461.jpg|thumb| Masallacin 2009 Lagos Nigeria 6349959461]] ’yan siyasa da sauran masu fada a ji sun sha yin amfani da rikicin addini tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi a Najeriya wajen tayar da hankali da haifar da tsoro da hargitsi a tsakanin ‘yan Najeriya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan ya sa ‘yan kasar da dama ke tambayar dalilin da ya sa Najeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa daya ta tarayya, kuma ta yiwu ta rabu a tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi.<ref name=":18" /> Yankin Arewacin kasar dai ya kasance na Musulunci, yana da jihohi 12 da ke rayuwa a karkashin [[Shari'a]], yayin da yankin Kudu galibi Kiristoci ne.<ref name=":18" /> An yi yunƙuri da yawa daga Musulman Najeriya don ƙara ra'ayoyin Shari'a a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya firgita yawan Kirista a cikin ƙasar.<ref name=":18" /> Da yawa daga cikin Kiristoci sun dauki bullar Musulunci a Najeriya a matsayin hadari kuma hakan na iya haifar da karuwar ta'addanci da rashin zaman lafiya.<ref name=":18" /> Wannan rikici yana barazana ga dorewar dimokuradiyyar Najeriya, tsarin cikin gida, da kungiyoyin farar hula, kuma da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyyar siyasa da shugabannin Najeriya na fatan mabiya addinan biyu za su iya yin wata tattaunawa ta lumana da fatan za ta daidaita bangarorin biyu.<ref name=":18" /> == Ta'addanci a Najeriya == Babban barazanar ta'addanci a Najeriya shine na kungiyar [[Boko Haram]], kuma ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin rani na 2009. <ref name=":8">Uzodike, Ufo Okeke; Maiangwa, Benjamin (2012-01-01). "Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria : causal factors and central problematic". ''African Renaissance''. '''9''' (1): 91–118.</ref> Boko Haram kungiya ce ta 'yan ta'adda masu kishin Islama masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daga yankin arewacin Najeriya. <ref name=":8" /> Wannan kungiya ta kaddamar da hare-haren ta'addanci wadanda suka fi auna gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya, kungiyoyin addini wadanda ba musulmi ba, da kuma talakawan kasa. <ref name=":8" /> Ana alakanta tashin hankali da karuwar illolin Boko Haram da rashin zaman lafiya da rashin kwanciyar hankali da kasar Najeriya ke fama da shi. <ref name=":8" /> Suna jin haushin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma gazawar manufofin gwamnati na Najeriya, musamman talauci da rashin ci gaban arewacin Najeriya wanda galibi musulmi ne. <ref name=":8" /> Rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya ya yi matukar muni, sama da mutane 37,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-haren ta'addancin da suka kai tun shekarar 2011, sannan sama da 'yan Najeriya 200,000 suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name=":9">"Boko Haram in Nigeria". ''Global Conflict Tracker''. Retrieved 2020-11-17.</ref> Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ke da alhakin sace daruruwan 'yan mata 'yan makaranta a shekarar 2014, lamarin da ya janyo yunkurin # BringBackOurGirls a fadin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Kungiyar ta'addanci ta zama wani bangare na [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a cikin 2015, wanda ya jawo damuwa ga tsaro da zaman lafiyar Najeriya.<ref name=":9" /> Manyan kasashen duniya da dama da suka hada da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun ba da gudunmawar kayan aikin soji don taimakawa yaki da Boko Haram saboda harkar mai na Najeriya na da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya.<ref name=":9" /> Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye da dabarun yaki da kungiyar Boko Horam saboda yawaitar su.<ref name=":19">Harjani, Manoj (2013). "Nigeria's Fight against Boko Haram". ''Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses''. '''5''' (7): 12–15. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2382-6444. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] 26351166.</ref> Haka kuma a baya-bayan nan an samu karuwar ’yan kasa da aka kirkira, musamman kungiyoyin matasa da ke daukar matakan kare kansu da al’ummominsu.<ref name=":19" /> Duka ayyukan Boko Haram da kuma kokarin da gwamnati ke yi na yaki da ta'addanci ya haifar da matsalar [['Yan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] a Najeriya.<ref name=":19" /> == Membobin Commonwealth == Kasancewar Najeriya mamba a kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 kuma an dakatar da ita a tsakanin 1995 zuwa 1999 lokacin da kasar ta zama kasa karkashin mulkin soja.<ref name=":14" /> An dawo da ita a shekarar 1999 lokacin da aka kafa dimokuradiyya tare da tsarin mulkin shugaban kasa a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya, kuma ta kasance wani bangare na kungiyar Commonwealth har zuwa yau.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth na da burin taimakawa Najeriya gano da kuma dakile cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gwamnatin ta tarayya.<ref name=":14" /> A shekarar 2018, sun koyawa jami’an gwamnati da dama yadda za su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al’umma.<ref name=":14" /> Shigar da Sakatariyar ta yi a harkokin gwamnati da na kudi ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari na mu’amalar kayayyaki da ayyuka a Najeriya tare da rage cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":14" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, kungiyar Commonwealth ta wadata Najeriya da manufofi da albarkatu don ficewar Birtaniya daga Tarayyar Turai tare da bayyana irin illar da za a iya yi ga kasashen Commonwealth da kasuwanci.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta taimaka wa Najeriya a fannin albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur da hakar ma'adinai.<ref name=":14" /> Sun taimaka wajen yin shawarwari da samar da daidaiton ciniki.<ref name=":14" /> Sakatariyar Commonwealth ta kuma baiwa Najeriya damar yin amfani da Ajandar Haɗin kai, wanda ke bai wa ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin Commonwealth damar sadarwa da musayar ra'ayoyi da manufofi don taimakawa juna ta fuskar tattalin arziki da cikin gida.<ref name=":14" /> == Jihohin Najeriya == Najeriya tana da jihohi 36 da yanki 1. Sun hasda da : [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], [[Abiya|Abia]], [[Adamawa]], [[Akwa Ibom]], [[Anambra]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Bayelsa]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Borno]], [[Cross River]], [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], [[Ebonyi]], [[Edo]], [[Ekiti]], [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Imo]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]] . [[Kebbi]], [[Kogi]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Kwara]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]], [[Nasarawa]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ogun]], [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]], [[Osun]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]], [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Taraba]], [[Yobe]], da kuma [[Zamfara]].<ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-24.</ref> === Kananan Hukumomi === Kowace jiha ta rarrabu zuwa [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] (LGAs).<ref name=":20">"THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA" (PDF). ''Commonwealth Local Government Forum''.</ref> Wadannan jihohi da kananan hukumominsu na da matukar muhimmanci ga harkokin gwamnatin tarayya domin suna da tasiri a kan al’ummar kananan hukumomi don haka za su iya tantance bukatun mazabu da samar da manufofi ko ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka. <ref name=":10">Okudulo, Ikemefuna Paul Taire; Onah, Emmanuel Ikechi (2019). "Efficient Local Governments and the Stability of Federalism in Nigeria". ''African Renaissance'': 11–25 – via ProQuest.</ref> Hakanan suna da mahimmanci saboda gwamnatin tarayya tana da lokaci da albarkatu don aiwatar da ayyukan kasa da na kasa da kasa yayin da kananan hukumomi za su iya kula da 'yan Najeriya 'yan asalin jihohinsu. <ref name=":10" /> Batun raba madafun iko tsakanin jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya na taimakawa ayyukan Nijeriya. <ref name=":10" /> Kananan hukumomi 774 ne ke sa ido kan tara harajin gida, ilimi, kula da lafiya, hanyoyi, sharar gida da tsare-tsare.<ref name=":20" /> Karamar hukuma ce ke kula da al’amuran talakawa maza da mata a cikin al’ummar Najeriya. Ƙirƙirar sake fasalin ƙananan hukumomi ya fara ne a 1968, 1970 a lokacin mulkin soja amma ya kasance cikakke 1976.<ref>Isah, Mohammed Abbas (2000). ''state, Class and management of local Government in Nigeria''.</ref> == Yadda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta tafiyar da COVID-19 == A matsayinta na kasa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka, cutar ta coronavirus ta yi kamari a fadin Najeriya.<ref name=":4">Onwujekwe, Siddharth Dixit, Yewande Kofoworola Ogundeji, and Obinna (2020-07-02). "How well has Nigeria responded to COVID-19?". ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Najeriya ta tabbatar da cewa za ta iya ganowa, ba da amsa, da kuma hana barkewar cutar ta [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|COVID-19]] a cikin wani da lokaci, mara kyau.<ref name=":4" /> Najeriya ba ta da albarkatun da za ta gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da al'ummar kasar ke bukata don ci gaba da samun karuwar masu dauke da cutar a fadin jihar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau Najeriya ba ta da adadin da ake bukata na sauran albarkatu don yakar cutar kamar ma'aikatan asibiti, dakuna, da na'urorin iska.<ref name=":4" /> Martanin gwamnatin tarayya game da cutar ya kasance mai rauni sosai kuma ba shi da tasiri. Shugaba Buhari ya zartas da dokar kulle na zama a gida da dama, da dokar rufe fuska, da kuma hana tafiye-tafiye don rage yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a kasar.<ref name=":4" /> Amma duk da haka, umarnin kullen, da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye sun haifar da mummunan tasirin ga tattalin arziki ga ɗimbin 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka rasa ayyukansu da tushen samun kuɗi.<ref name=":4" /> Dangane da haka, gwamnatin tarayya ta fitar da wasu tsare-tsare na bunkasa tattalin arziki don inganta muhimman bangarorin noma kamar noma da mai.<ref>Ukpe, William (2020-11-07). "Covid-19: N3.5 trillion disbursed as stimulus package for the Nigerian economy". ''Nairametrics''. Retrieved 2020-11-12.</ref> Gwamnati ta kuma zartas da matakan tallafin abinci da mika kudade don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da yunwa.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, sun himmatu wajen samar da kudade don samar da kudade daga masu ba da tallafi don tallafawa kasafin kudin tarayya da bangaren tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4" /> == Sojojin Najeriya == Sojojin Najeriya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasar, inda sukan kwace iko da kasar tare da mulkin kasar na tsawon lokaci. Wa’adin mulkin soja na karshe ya kare ne a shekarar 1999, bayan rasuwar shugaban mulkin sojan da ya gabata [[Sani Abacha]] a 1998.<ref>"Nigeria - Military regimes, 1983–99". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Ma'aikata masu aiki a cikin sojojin Najeriya uku sun kai kusan 76,000. Rundunar sojin Najeriya, wadda ita ce mafi girma a cikin ayyukan, tana da kimanin jami'ai 60,000, da aka tura a tsakanin runfunan sojoji biyu na injiniyoyi, da runduna guda daya (na iska da ta sama), da rundunar Garrison ta Legas (wani bangare mai girma), da kuma Abuja da ke Abuja wato ''Brigade of Guards''.<ref>"SearchNigeria - Businesses and Opportunities in Nigeria - About Nigeria". ''kogi.imo.zamfara.kano.abuja.searchnigeria.com.ng''. Retrieved 2021-05-31.</ref> Sojojin ruwa na Najeriya (7,000) suna da kayan aiki da jiragen ruwa, jirage masu saurin kai hari, kwale-kwale, da kwale-kwalen sintiri a bakin teku. Sojojin saman Najeriya (9,000) na jigilar sufuri, masu horarwa, jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen yaki; sai dai a halin yanzu yawancin motocinsu ba sa aiki. Kwanan nan, Marshal na rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, [[Sadique Abubakar]], ya ba da shawarar sayen kayan aiki bayan jefar da motocin da ba sa aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2021}} == Alakar kasashen waje == [[File:Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg/220px-Geoffrey_Onyeama_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_of_Nigeria.jpg|left|thumb| Geoffrey Onyeama Ministan Harkokin Wajen Najeriya]] A halin yanzu Najeriya tana da kyakkyawar hulda tsakaninta kasashen waje da makwabtanta, saboda tsarin dimokradiyyar da take ciki a halin yanzu. Memba ne na Tarayyar Afirka kuma yana zaune a kwamitin zaman lafiya da tsaro na kungiyar.<ref>Kodjo, Tchioffo. "Composition of the PSC - African Union - Peace and Security Department". ''African Union,Peace and Security Department''. Retrieved 2021-10-01.</ref> Ministan harkokin waje na Najeriya na yanzu Geoffrey Jideofor Kwusike Onyeama.<ref name=":3" /> Yawancin lamurran da suka shafi Najeriya a lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma bayan samun yancin kai sun dogara ne kan hako mai.<ref name=":3" /> Dangantakar Najeriya da makwabta na nahiyar Afirka da ma duniya baki daya ta samu ci gaba sosai tun bayan da ta sauya sheka daga mulkin soja zuwa dimokuradiyya.<ref name=":3" /> Najeriya na fatan samun kujera ta dindindin a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya nan gaba kadan.<ref name=":3" /> == Jarida == Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin a Najeriya mallakin gwamnati ne na Hukumar Yada Labarai ta Kasa.<ref name=":3" /> Ana amfani da wannan a matsayin dabarar gwamnati don tabbatar da iko da kuma karkatar da ra'ayin jama'a don goyon bayan jam'iyya mai ci da manufofin su. Duk da haka, yawancin jaridun Najeriya masu zaman kansu ne kuma ba'a takaita amfani da intane ga jama'a ba.<ref name=":3" /> == Duba kuma ==   * [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] * [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma'aikatan Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Ayyukan Gidan Yari na Najeriya]] * Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya == Kara karantawa == * Karl Levan&nbsp;da Patrick Ukata (eds.). 2018. ''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics'' . Jami'ar Oxford Press. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.nigeria.gov.ng}} {{Africa in topic|Politics of}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Siyasan Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0h0leqlak9s99klkahycchmujy3fgik